CN107297909A - 使用自攻铆钉连接聚合物复合材料和其他材料的方法 - Google Patents

使用自攻铆钉连接聚合物复合材料和其他材料的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107297909A
CN107297909A CN201710191619.9A CN201710191619A CN107297909A CN 107297909 A CN107297909 A CN 107297909A CN 201710191619 A CN201710191619 A CN 201710191619A CN 107297909 A CN107297909 A CN 107297909A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
layer
rivet
thickness
adhesive
afterbody
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CN201710191619.9A
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English (en)
Inventor
R·C·詹尼斯
B·J·布拉斯基
P-C·王
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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Publication of CN107297909A publication Critical patent/CN107297909A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/14—Riveting machines specially adapted for riveting specific articles, e.g. brake lining machines
    • B21J15/147—Composite articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
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    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

根据本公开的原理连接第一和第二材料层的方法包括在所述第一层和所述第二层之间施加粘合剂层，并允许所述粘合剂层至少部分固化。所述方法进一步包括在所述粘合剂层固化之后利用铆钉的无头端刺入所述第一层，利用所述铆钉的所述无头端使所述第二层变形，并且将所述铆钉的所述无头端径向向外弯曲。

Description

使用自攻铆钉连接聚合物复合材料和其他材料的方法
技术领域
本公开涉及使用自攻铆钉连接聚合物复合材料和其他材料的方法。
背景技术
这里提供的背景描述是为了一般地呈现本公开的上下文。当前署名的发明人的工作就其在该背景部分所描述的以及在提交时可以不另外被作为是现有技术的多个方面的描述而言既不明确地也不隐含地被认可为是本公开的现有技术。
碳纤维增强热塑性塑料(CFRTP)(例如碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料)具有高的强度/重量比，这使得这些材料适合用于汽车应用。例如，为了减少车辆重量，这些材料已经用于诸如进气歧管、空气过滤器壳体、共振器、定时齿轮、散热器风扇和散热器箱的部件中。尽管有这些优点，但由于目前可用于连接CRFTP材料的方法，CRFTP材料的应用数量有限。因此，需要改进的用于连接CRFTP材料的方法。
发明内容
根据本公开的原理连接第一材料层和第二材料层的第一示例性方法包括在第一层和第二层之间施加粘合剂层，并允许粘合剂层完全固化或至少部分固化。第一示例性方法进一步包括在粘合剂层固化之后利用铆钉的无头端刺穿第一层，利用铆钉的无头端使第二层变形，并且将铆钉的无头端径向向外弯曲。
根据本公开的原理连接第一材料层和第二材料层的第二示例性方法包括在第一层和第二层之间施加粘合剂层，并允许粘合剂层完全固化或至少部分固化。第二示例性方法进一步包括在粘合剂层固化之后利用铆钉的无头端刺穿第一层，利用铆钉的无头端使第二层变形，并且将铆钉的无头端径向向外且轴向向上朝向第一层弯曲。
从具体实施方式、权利要求书和附图将会清楚本公开的其他应用领域。具体实施方式及特定实例仅仅是用于示例目的，而不是为了限定本公开的范围。
附图说明
从具体实施方式和附图将更充分地理解本公开，其中：
图1A、1B和1C是根据本公开用于连接没有粘合剂的两个材料层的示例性自攻铆接系统的示意性剖视图；
图2A、2B和2C是根据本公开连接具有粘合剂的两个材料层的示例性自攻铆接系统的示意性剖视图；
图3是根据本公开的没有粘合剂的示例性铆接接头的实际剖视图；
图4是根据本公开的具有粘合剂的示例性铆接接头的实际剖视图，其中在允许粘合剂固化之后将自攻铆钉插入两个材料层中；
图5是根据本公开的具有粘合剂的示例性铆接接头的实际剖视图，其中在允许粘合剂固化之前将自攻铆钉插入两个材料层中；以及
图6是图解说明根据本公开使用自攻铆钉将两个材料层连接在一起的示例性方法的流程图。
在附图中，可以重复使用附图标记来标识类似和/或相同的元件。
具体实施方式
一种用于连接CRFTP材料的方法被称为自攻铆接。在该方法中，将自攻铆钉插入多个材料层(或工件)中以将各层连接在一起。铆钉包括头部和被设计成刺穿材料的无头端部或尾部。当铆钉向下插入层中时，尾部刺穿顶层，且然后使底层变形而不刺入底层。当尾部使底层变形时，头部坐落在顶层中，并且模具使尾部径向向外弯曲，使得各层被夹紧在头部和尾部之间。
使用自攻铆接连接CRFTP材料满足大多数车辆应用的紧固速度和剥离强度要求。然而，由于与该方法相关的大量变形和CRFTP材料在室温下的有限的可成形性，自攻铆接可导致部件开裂。部件开裂可降低铆接接头的强度，这可降低部件质量。
根据本公开的自攻铆接方法通过使用铆钉和模具解决这些问题，这些铆钉和模具设计成使得铆钉的尾部在尾部径向向外和向上弯曲之前刺入底层。此外，铆钉和模具设计成使得铆钉的尾部不仅径向向外弯曲，而且还朝向工件向上弯曲以形成底切。进而，在铆钉和工件之间形成机械互锁，这使得部件开裂最小化并且降低了接头强度对部件开裂的敏感性。
存在与铆钉和模具的设计有关的几个参数，这些参数影响铆钉的尾部是否刺入底层，以及尾部在刺穿工件之后是否朝向工件向上弯曲。此外，工件的规格(或厚度)以及工件彼此堆叠的顺序影响连接操作期间铆钉的行为。因此，需要彻底的试错法测试来找到最佳的工艺参数，例如铆钉和模具设计，其产生最大的接头强度。
在一个实例中，铆钉和模具的设计可以被优化以在铆钉用于连接3毫米(mm)的CRFTP材料层时产生最大接头强度，所述3毫米(mm)的CRFTP材料层被堆叠在2mm的CRFTP材料层上。然而，如果将2mm层堆叠在3mm层的顶部上，则铆钉和模具必须重新设计以产生最大接头强度。因此，每当各层的堆叠顺序改变时，铆钉和模具必须重新设计。
根据本公开的自攻铆接方法通过在两个材料层之间施加粘合剂并且在将铆钉插入两层之前允许粘合剂完全固化或至少部分固化来解决这些问题。通过在两层之间施加粘合剂并允许粘合剂固化，铆钉基本上插入到具有两层的单个工件中，而不是插入到两个单独的工件中。结果，铆钉和模具的设计可以被优化以产生最大的接头强度，而不考虑各层彼此堆叠的顺序。因此，根据本公开使用粘合剂的自攻铆接方法可以用于减少铆钉和模具设计的数量。
如上所述，在常规的自攻铆接方法中，当铆钉向下插入两个CRFTP材料层中时，尾部刺穿顶层，且然后使底层变形而不刺入底层。因此，如果在顶层和底层之间施加粘合剂，并且在铆钉被向下插入层中之前允许粘合剂固化，则插入铆钉可导致部件开裂，这可导致粘合剂周围的部件脱层。因此，常规的自攻铆接方法不涉及在将铆钉插入固化层之前在两个CRFTP材料层之间施加粘合剂。
相反，如上所述，在根据本公开的自攻铆接方法中，当铆钉向下插入两个CRFTP材料层中时，尾部刺入底层。此外，尾部径向向外和向上弯曲以在铆钉和工件之间形成机械互锁。因此，粘合剂可以施加在两层之间并且在将铆钉插入两层之前允许固化，因为机械互锁使得当在各层之间施加粘合剂时可发生的部件开裂和脱层最小化。因此，粘合剂可用于减少车辆应用所需的铆钉和模具设计的数量，而不降低铆接接头的剥离强度。
现在参考图1A、1B和1C，图解说明了用于连接没有粘合剂的多个材料层的示例性自攻铆接方法。在该方法中，第一材料层10和第二材料层12定位于设置在铆钉插入工具16下方的模具14上。第一层10和第二层12可以是相对平坦的片材，并且模具14可以是具有中空内部或空腔18的圆柱形。铆钉插入工具16包括具有中空内部22的管20和可在管20的中空内部22内移动的活塞24。活塞24保持具有头部28和无头端部或尾部30的自攻铆钉26。尾部30经构造以刺穿材料。例如，尾部30具有锋利的远端31。或者，尾部30的远端31可以是钝的。
一旦第一层10和第二层12定位在模具14上，铆钉插入工具16沿向下方向17移动，直到铆钉插入工具16的管20接触第一层10，如图1A所示。在该位置中，第一层10和第二层12夹紧在铆钉插入工具16的管20和模具14之间。然后启动铆钉插入工具16的活塞24以使铆钉26沿向下方向17朝向模具14的底表面32移动。
当活塞24沿向下方向17移动铆钉26时，铆钉26的尾部30刺入第一层10，如图1B所示。当活塞24继续沿向下方向17移动铆钉26时，铆钉26的尾部30刺入并使第二层12变形，如图1C所示。当尾部30使第二层12变形时，形成在模具14的底表面32上的半球形突出部34使尾部30径向向外弯曲并且沿向上方向35朝向第一层10弯曲。活塞24可以沿向下方向17移动，直到活塞24移动至少预定距离和/或直到由活塞24施加在铆钉26上的力大于或等于预定力为止。
当活塞24停止沿向下方向17移动时，铆钉26的头部28完全坐落在第一层10中，并且尾部30径向向外和向上弯曲，以形成机械互锁。结果，第一层10和第二层12被夹紧在铆钉26的头部28和铆钉26的尾部30之间，使得第一层10和第二层12通过铆钉26连接在一起。铆钉插入工具16然后沿向上方向35移动，使铆钉26留在第一层10和第二层12中的适当位置。向下方向17和向上方向35可以被称为轴向方向，并且尾部30弯曲的径向向外方向垂直于这些轴向方向。
尾部30可以仅部分地插入到第二层12中，或者尾部30可以完全插入穿过第二层12。此外，尾部30可以朝向第一层10向上弯曲不同程度。例如，尾部30可以仅稍微向上弯曲，如图1C所示，或者尾部30可以向上弯曲更大的程度，使得尾部30的远端指向第一层10。
可以优化与铆钉26和模具14的设计相关的几个参数，以确保尾部30刺入第二层12，并且尾部30在刺入第一层10和第二层12之后朝向第一层10向上弯曲。这些设计参数可以包括铆钉26的长度36、突出部34的高度38、突出部34的其他几何形状、模具14中的空腔18的深度40、空腔18的直径42、空腔18的体积和/或两个或更多个上述参数之间的关系。另外，这些设计参数中的一个或多个可以基于第一层10的第一厚度44、第二层12的第二厚度46、包括在第一层10和第二层12中的材料的类型和/或包括在第一层10和第二层12中的材料的强度来确定。
在一个实例中，铆钉26的长度36可以比第一厚度44和第二厚度46的总和大至少40％。因此，如果第一厚度44和第二厚度46各自为2.5mm，则铆钉26的长度36可以为至少7mm。在其他实例中，突出部34的高度38可以在从0mm到2mm的范围内，并且空腔18的深度40可以在从0.5mm到2mm的范围内。
在图1A、1B和1C中，包围突出部34的模具14的底表面32的部分是平坦的。然而，在各种实施方式中，模具14的底表面32可限定完全围绕突出部34延伸的环形槽，并且具有U形横截面。槽可接合第二层12和/或尾部30以在向上方向35上弯曲尾部30。
现在参考图2A、2B和2C，图解说明了用于连接具有粘合剂的多个材料层的示例性自攻铆接方法。在该方法中，将粘合剂层48施加到第一层10和第二层12中的至少一个上，且然后将第一层10放置在第二层12上，使得粘合剂层48设置在第一层10和第二层12之间。在一个实例中，粘合剂是MA530。
粘合剂层48具有第三厚度50，其可以是第一层10和第二层12的第一厚度44和第二厚度46和/或第一层10和第二层12的材料强度的函数。在一个实例中，第三厚度50可以在第一厚度44和第二厚度46之和的3％和30％之间。因此，如果第一厚度44和第二厚度46各自为2.5mm，则第三厚度50可以在0.15mm和1.5mm之间。在另一个实例中，第三厚度50可以在第一厚度44和第二厚度46之和的5％和25％之间。因此，如果第一厚度44和第二厚度46各自为2.5mm，则第三厚度50可以在0.25mm和1.25mm之间。
在将粘合剂层48施加在第一层10和第二层12之间之后，允许粘合剂层48完全固化或至少部分固化。在一个实例中，允许粘合剂层48完全固化包括将粘合剂层48暴露于室温达第一预定时间段(例如60分钟至90分钟)。在另一个实例中，允许粘合剂层48完全固化包括将粘合剂层48加热至预定温度(例如，约100摄氏度(℃))，保持第二预定时间段(例如10分钟)。在另一个实例中，允许粘合剂层48至少部分固化包括将粘合剂层48暴露于室温达第一预定时间段的至少第一预定百分比(例如10百分比(％)、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％、70％、80％、90％或100％)。在另一个实例中，允许粘合剂层48至少部分固化包括将粘合剂层48加热至预定温度，保持第二预定时间段的至少第二预定百分比(例如10百分比(％)、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％、70％、80％、90％或100％)。
一旦粘合剂层48完全固化或至少部分固化，则第一层10和第二层12以及粘合剂层48定位在模具14上，如图2A所示。该方法的其余部分类似于参考图1A、1B和1C描述的方法。然而，与图1A、1B和1C的方法相比，铆钉26插入粘合剂层48以及第一层10和第二层12。
一旦第一层10和第二层12定位在模具14上，铆钉插入工具16沿向下方向17移动，直到铆钉插入工具16的管20接触第一层10，如图2A所示。在该位置中，第一层10和第二层12夹紧在铆钉插入工具16的管20和模具14之间。然后启动铆钉插入工具16的活塞24以使铆钉26沿向下方向17朝向模具14的底表面32移动。
当活塞24沿向下方向17移动铆钉26时，铆钉26的尾部30刺入第一层10，如图2B所示。当活塞24继续沿向下方向17移动铆钉26时，铆钉26的尾部30刺入并使第二层12变形，如图2C所示。当尾部30使第二层12变形时，模具14的底表面32上的突出部34使尾部30径向向外弯曲并且沿向上方向35朝向第一层10弯曲。活塞24可以沿向下方向17移动，直到活塞24移动至少预定距离和/或直到由活塞24施加在铆钉26上的力大于或等于预定力为止。
当活塞24停止沿向下方向17移动时，铆钉26的头部28完全坐落在第一层10中，并且尾部30径向向外和向上弯曲，以形成机械互锁。结果，第一层10和第二层12被夹紧在铆钉26的头部28和铆钉26的尾部30之间，使得第一层10和第二层12通过铆钉26连接在一起。铆钉插入工具16然后沿向上方向35移动，使铆钉26留在第一层10和第二层12及粘合剂层48中的适当位置。
尾部30可以仅部分地插入到第二层12中，或者尾部30可以完全插入穿过第二层12。此外，尾部30可以朝向第一层10向上弯曲不同程度。例如，尾部30可以仅稍微向上弯曲，如图2C所示，或者尾部30可以向上弯曲更大的程度，使得尾部30的远端指向第一层10。
可以优化与铆钉26和模具14的设计相关的几个参数，以确保尾部30刺入第二层12，并且尾部30在刺入第一层10和第二层12之后朝向第一层10向上弯曲。这些设计参数可以包括铆钉26的长度36、突出部34的高度38、突出部34的其他几何形状、模具14中的空腔18的深度40、空腔18的直径42、空腔18的体积和/或两个或更多个上述参数之间的关系。另外，这些设计参数中的一个或多个可以基于第一层10的第一厚度44、第二层12的第二厚度46、包括在第一层10和第二层12中的材料的类型和/或包括在第一层10和第二层12中的材料的强度来确定。
在一个实例中，铆钉26的长度36可以比第一厚度44和第二厚度46的总和大至少40％。因此，如果第一厚度44和第二厚度46各自为2.5mm，则铆钉26的长度36可以为至少7mm。在其他实例中，突出部34的高度38可以在从0mm到2mm的范围内，并且空腔18的深度40可以在从0.5mm到2mm的范围内。
上述自攻铆接方法可以用于连接多个CRFTP材料层、连接多个另一种类型的材料层，或者连接多个不同材料层。在一个实例中，第一层10和第二层12中的每一个包括聚合物复合材料例如CRFTP或由其组成。在另一个实例中，第一层10和第二层12中的一个包括聚合物复合材料(例如CRFTP)或由其组成，且第一和第二层中的另一个包括诸如不锈钢的金属。在又一个实例中，第一层10和第二层12中的每一个包括诸如不锈钢的金属或由其组成。
没有粘合剂的铆接接头52的实例在图3中示出，并且具有粘合剂的铆接接头54的实例在图4中示出。铆接接头52是使用参照图1A、1B和1C描述的自攻铆接方法形成。铆接接头54是使用参照图2A、2B和2C描述的自攻铆接方法形成。在铆接接头52和54两者中，CRFTP材料的第一层56和第二层58通过由不锈钢制成的自攻铆钉60连接在一起。然而，仅铆接接头54包括施加在第一层56和第二层58之间的粘合剂层62，并且允许在铆钉60插入层56和58之前固化。铆接接头52和54的测试显示，铆接接头52的剥离强度实际上小于铆接接头54的剥离强度。因此，在第一层56和第二层58之间施加粘合剂不仅减少了车辆应用所需的铆钉和模具设计的数量，而且还增加了铆接接头的剥离强度。
图5示出了具有粘合剂的铆接接头64，它是使用类似于参照图2A、2B和2C描述的自攻铆接方法的方法形成。然而，并非在第一层56和第二层58之间施加粘合剂层62且在将铆钉60插入层56和58之前使粘合剂固化，而是在粘合剂固化之前，将铆钉60插入层56和58中。该铆接接头的测试显示其剥离强度小于铆接接头54的剥离强度。剥离强度的这种差异的原因是当铆钉60插入到层56和58中时，粘合剂从图5的未固化接头挤出。因此，在层56和58之间仅留下少量的粘合剂以将层56和58保持在一起。因此，在将铆钉60插入层62和64之前，允许粘合剂完全固化或至少部分固化，提高了铆接接头的剥离强度。
另外，类似于没有粘合剂的铆接接头52，当铆钉60插入层56和58中时，铆接接头64中的层56和58的堆叠顺序影响铆钉60的行为。因此，类似于铆接接头52，可需要彻底的试错法测试来为铆接接头64找到最佳的工艺参数，例如铆钉和模具设计，其产生最大的接头强度。因此，在将铆钉60插入层56和58之前，允许粘合剂完全固化或至少部分固化，避免了这种额外的工作和相关成本。
现在参考图6，用于连接第一材料层和第二材料层的示例性方法70在72处开始。在74处，将粘合剂层48施加在第一层10和第二层12之间。在76处，允许粘合剂层48完全固化或至少部分固化。在一个实例中，允许粘合剂层48完全固化包括将粘合剂层48暴露于室温达第一预定时间段(例如60分钟至90分钟)。在另一个实例中，允许粘合剂层48完全固化包括将粘合剂层48加热至预定温度(例如，约100℃)，保持第二预定时间段(例如10分钟)。在另一个实例中，允许粘合剂层48至少部分固化包括将粘合剂层48暴露于室温达第一预定时间段的至少第一预定百分比(例如10％、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％、70％、80％、90％或100％)。在另一个实例中，允许粘合剂层48至少部分固化包括将粘合剂层48加热至预定温度，保持第二预定时间段的至少第二预定百分比(例如10％、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％、70％、80％、90％或100％)。
在78处，方法70确定粘合剂层48是否完全固化或至少部分固化。在一个实例中，当粘合剂层48已经被加热到预定温度，保持第二预定时间段时，方法70可以确定粘合剂层48完全固化。如果粘合剂层48完全固化或至少部分固化，则方法70在80处继续。否则，方法70返回76。
在80处，第一层10和第二层12定位于模具14上。在82处，铆钉26插入穿过第一层10并且至少部分地插入到第二层12中。在84处，铆钉26的无头端或尾部30径向向外且轴向向上朝向第一层10弯曲。方法70在86处结束。
上述描述本质上仅是说明性的，并且决不意图限制本公开、其应用或使用。本公开的广泛教导可以通过各种形式来实现。因此，虽然本公开包括了特定实例，但是本公开的真实范围不应该局限于此，因为在研读了附图、说明书和以下权利要求后，其他修改将变得显而易见。应当理解，在不改变本公开的原理的情况下，方法中的一个或多个步骤可以以不同的顺序(或同时地)执行。此外，虽然每个实施例在上面被描述为具有某些特征，但是关于本公开的任何实施例描述的那些特征中的任何一个或多个可以在任何其它实施例的特征中实现和/或与其组合，即使该组合没有明确描述。换句话说，所描述的实施例不是相互排斥的，并且一个或多个实施例彼此的置换保持在本公开的范围内。
使用包括“连接”、“接合”、“联接”、“邻近”、“临近”、“在...顶部”，“在...之上”，“在......之下”和“设置”的各种术语来描述元件之间(例如在模块、电路元件、半导体层等之间)的空间和功能关系。当在上述公开中描述了第一和第二元件之间的关系时，除非明确地描述为“直接的”，否则该关系可以是直接关系，其中在第一和第二元件之间不存在其它中间元件，但是也可以是间接关系，其中在第一和第二元件之间存在一个或多个中间元件(空间上或功能上)。如本文所使用的，短语A、B和C中的至少一个应当被解释为意味着使用非排他性逻辑“或”的逻辑(A或B或C)，并且不应被解释为表示“A的至少一个、B的至少一个和C的至少一个”。
除非使用短语“用于...的装置”或在使用短语“用于...的操作”或“用于...的步骤”的方法权利要求的情况下明确地陈述元件，否则在权利要求中所述的元件都不旨在是35U.S.C.§112(f)的含义内的装置加功能元件。

Claims (10)

1.一种连接第一材料层和第二材料层的方法，所述方法包含：
在所述第一层和所述第二层之间施加粘合剂层；
允许所述粘合剂层至少部分固化；
在所述粘合剂层至少部分固化之后利用铆钉的无头端刺入所述第一层；
利用所述铆钉的所述无头端使所述第二层变形；及
将所述铆钉的所述无头端径向向外弯曲。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包含利用所述铆钉的所述无头端刺入所述第二层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包含在将所述粘合剂层施加在所述第一层和所述第二层之间之后并且在利用铆钉的所述无头端刺入所述第一层之前，将所述第一层和所述第二层定位在模具上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其进一步包含使用形成在所述模具的底表面上的突出部径向向外地弯曲所述铆钉的所述无头端。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其进一步包含
将所述第一层和所述第二层夹紧在管和所述模具之间；
使用设置在所述管内的活塞保持所述铆钉；及
使所述活塞朝向所述模具的所述底表面移动以迫使所述铆钉的所述无头端穿过所述第一层并且至少部分地进入所述第二层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中：
所述第一层具有第一厚度；
所述第二层具有第二厚度；且
所述铆钉具有比所述第一厚度和所述第二厚度的总和大至少40％的长度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中：
所述第一层具有第一厚度；
所述第二层具有第二厚度；且
所述粘合剂层具有介于所述第一厚度和所述第二厚度之和的3％和30％之间的第三厚度。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述粘合剂层的所述第三厚度在所述第一厚度和所述第二厚度之和的5％和25％之间。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述第一层和所述第二层每一者包括聚合物复合材料。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述第一层和所述第二层中的一个包括聚合物复合材料且所述第一层和所述第二层中的另一个包括金属。
CN201710191619.9A 2016-04-14 2017-03-28 使用自攻铆钉连接聚合物复合材料和其他材料的方法 Pending CN107297909A (zh)

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