CN107292118A - A kind of REDUCTION IN RIVERS DURING FREEZING PERIOD ecological basic flow computational methods - Google Patents
A kind of REDUCTION IN RIVERS DURING FREEZING PERIOD ecological basic flow computational methods Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of REDUCTION IN RIVERS DURING FREEZING PERIOD ecological basic flow computational methods, first according to the reduction based on natural runoff process, the initial proposed value of ecological basic flow is proposed using hydrologic method, freezeup period, is modified according to fish overwinter demand, then initial proposed value is analyzed with the Water Functional Zone design discharge of corresponding section, present situation hydraulic engineering construction running situation and present situation actual flow process, the comprehensive ecological basic flow standard for determining emphasis section.The computational methods can effectively prevent river channel shrinkage or even stop, maintain the basicly stable of river ecosystem.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ecological basic flow studying technological domain, it is related to a kind of REDUCTION IN RIVERS DURING FREEZING PERIOD ecological basic flow computational methods.
Background technology
The purpose of research and determination river ecological Dryweather flow is to prevent river channel shrinkage or even stops, maintains river ecological system
That unites is basicly stable, therefore the determination of ecological basic flow and the life characteristic of aquatile are closely related, and the growth of aquatile
Restricted again by factors such as water, water temperatures, therefore different in the period of, ecological basic flow not fixed value.Generally for river ecological
Base flow is formulated respectively according to flood season with non-flood period, and the present invention combines Songhua River Basin freezeup period flow and period of freezing winter and flood season shape
Condition, studies and defines Songhua River Basin ecological basic flow from freezeup period, non-flood period respectively.
Songhua River Basin channel flow seasonal variety is notable, and larger by the effect of human activity, therefore for basin river
The calculating principle of road ecological basic flow is to reduce based on natural runoff process.And Songhua River Basin freezeup period, while being also fish life
The Wintering Period of thing, thus freezeup period ecological basic flow determination still need consider fish overwinter suitable habitat demand.And according to day
The ecological basic flow initial value that right runoff process and fish overwinter demand are calculated also needs to (design Water Functional Zone with water environment traffic demand
Flow), hydraulic engineering traffic control and present situation actual flow process be analyzed, it is comprehensive determine it is scientific and reasonable, possess compared with
The overall river ecological base flow in basin of strong operability.
Calculating based on natural runoff process is firstly the need of using the Watershed Distributed Hydrological model WEPSR set up, to pine
Length serial (1956-2013) natural runoff process in Hua Jiang basins carries out accurate simulation, particularly to realize to freezeup period runoff
The accurate simulation of amount.The hydrologic method (Tennant methods, 7Q10 methods etc.) calculated on this basis using ecological flow is carried out each
The calculating of section difference hydrologic seasons ecological basic flow initial value, wherein freezeup period ecological basic flow is using the 7Q10 methods after improving, non-flood
Phase uses Tennant methods.
7Q10 methods are called minimum discharge method, generally choose the most average water of withered continuous 7 days under 90% fraction and are used as river
The ecological basic flow of stream.For Songhua River Basin freezeup period base flow feature, this research is improved on the basis of 7Q10 methods, that is, pressed
Calculated according to the average value of most withered continuous 7 days under the conditions of the fraction of freezeup period natural runoff 75% after reduction.
Tennant methods are the standard setting methods of non-on-site measurement, using river mean annual discharge percentage, consider guarantor as a whole
Protect fish and about the recommendation ecological flow value under the traffic conditions of environmental resource, this method foundation is lasted observational data and set up
Empirical relation between the flow and habitat quality that get up.According to this method, natural average diameter for many years is taken in this research respectively
The 10% of flow, is used as the ecological matrix flow of non-flood period.
Freezeup period ecological basic flow for emphasis ecological protection section is, it is necessary to consider fish overwinter for the suitable hydrology
The demand (mainly subglacial depth of water requirement) of key element, it is established that fish overwinter habitat suitability curve, in mainstream and mainly
The suitable wintering ground area of fish under different freezeup period flow conditions is simulated in tributary using physical habitat simulation model PHABSIM,
The freezeup period ecological basic flow optimal value based on fish overwinter protection is proposed, and 50% suitable wintering ground area is corresponding survives the winter
Flux lower limit value, the important reference determined as related section freezeup period ecological basic flow.In other general tributaries, due to lacking
Few detailed river topography data, based on hydrology measured profile in section, proposes that associated stations meet the fish overwinter depth of water
It is required that minimum discharge requirement.
After the ecological basic flow recommended value based on natural runoff process and fish overwinter demand is respectively obtained, respectively with section
Place Water Functional Zone design discharge, the ecological flow of basin water resources protective plan formulation, nearly 10 years present situations actual flow process
It is analyzed, the comprehensive ecological basic flow for determining each section suggestion.Freezeup period ecological basic flow determines that principle includes：For winter
The natural section for connecting bottom jelly, is not provided with freezeup period ecological basic flow requirement；Other sections, using what is adjusted based on natural runoff process
Ecological basic flow recommended value, 50% suitable fish overwinter scene accumulate corresponding flux lower limit value of surviving the winter, Water Functional Zone design discharge, stream
Maximum in the ecological flow that domain water resources protection planning is formulated as ecological basic flow recommended value.By the recommended value and nearly 10
Year fraction daily average water discharge of freezeup period 75% is compared, need to be to its reason if the nearly 10 years actual compliance rates of the recommended value are too low
Analyzed, if being regulated and stored due to hydraulic engineering or manually taking that water is larger to cause low compliance rate, then maintain the recommended value to make
For section freezeup period ecological basic flow standard；If because flow of surviving the winter, design discharge or protective plan formulation flow are unreasonable,
Exceed that the section is natural and actual flow level, then principle has not been reduced to freezeup period flow of maintaining the statusquo, takes nearly 10 years ice
The fraction daily average water discharge of envelope phase 75% in above-mentioned 4 flows with casting out the maximum stream flow after unreasonable value as the section freezeup period
Ecological basic flow standard.
Similar, non-flood period ecological basic flow determines that principle includes：Built using the ecological basic flow adjusted based on natural runoff process
Maximum in the ecological flow that view value, Water Functional Zone design discharge, basin water resources protective plan are formulated is used as ecological basic flow
Recommended value.The recommended value is compared with nearly fraction daily average water discharge of 10 years non-flood periods 75%, if nearly 10 years of the recommended value
Actual compliance rate is too low, and its reason need to be analyzed, if being regulated and stored due to hydraulic engineering or manually taking that water is larger to be caused
Low compliance rate, then maintain the recommended value as section non-flood period ecological basic flow standard；If due to design discharge or protection rule
Draw constant flow unreasonable, exceeded that the section is natural and actual flow level, then principle is not reduced to flow of maintaining the statusquo,
Maximum stream flow of nearly fraction daily average water discharge of 10 years non-flood periods 75% with casting out in above-mentioned 3 flows after unreasonable value is taken to be used as this
Section non-flood period ecological basic flow standard.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of REDUCTION IN RIVERS DURING FREEZING PERIOD ecological basic flow computational methods.
To realize above-mentioned technical purpose and the technique effect, its technical scheme is specially：
A kind of REDUCTION IN RIVERS DURING FREEZING PERIOD ecological basic flow computational methods, comprise the following steps：
Step 1, the ecological basic flow based on natural runoff process are calculated
Mould according to hydrological distribution model WEP model watersheds 1956-2013 long series natural diurnal courses process
Intend result, ecological basic flow calculating is carried out to 57 major control sections, first with the 7Q10 methods after improvement, i.e. 75% fraction
Under most withered continuous seven days average runoffs, calculate freezeup period ecological basic flow.With reference to 75% fraction lower day of freezeup period natural runoff amount,
Result of calculation to 7Q10 methods is corrected；
Step 2, the ecological basic flow based on fish overwinter demand are calculated
The 1-1.8m depth of water is that flowing water area suitably survives the winter the depth of water, and 0.6m is the minimum depth of water of the limit, and 3m is limit maximum water depth,
Set up fish overwinter phase depth of water suitability degree curve；It regard 0.01-0.05m/s as fish overwinter phase suitable flow rate, 0.1m/s conducts
Limit Peak Flow Rate, sets up fish overwinter flow velocity suitability degree curve, and carry out appropriate flow rate of surviving the winter using habitat simulation model
Simulation calculate, it is contemplated that the less actual conditions of freezeup period flow, take the corresponding flow of maximum winter habitat area 50%
It is used as the section fish overwinter traffic demand；For the tributary of not detailed topographic(al) data, then reached with measured profile mean depth
To 0.6m as control condition, now 50% section width can reach the suitable depth of water of fish overwinter, bent according to flow-water level
Line inquires into fish overwinter traffic demand；
Step 3, the comparative analysis with Water Functional Zone design discharge and present situation situation
Ecological basic flow result of calculation based on natural runoff process, is designed using the main Water Functional Zone of each section of correspondence and flowed
Measure comparative analysis.Consider economic society as a whole to be configured with water with multiple targets such as water, while considering checking is based on natural runoff
The science accessibility of result of calculation and Water Functional Zone design discharge, hydrometric station last decade preserved egg corresponding to each section of this research and utilization
The measuring runoff data in river basin, calculates the ecological basic flow result of calculation based on natural runoff process and correspondence Water Functional Zone respectively
Design discharge present situation satisfaction degree, Passing Criteria is used as using 75% Service Efficiency.
Step 4, freezeup period ecological flow are appraised and decided
The determination of freezeup period ecological flow is main to lay special stress on protecting river with the result of calculation based on natural runoff process and fish
Based on Duan Yuedong traffic demands, for result of calculation be less than design discharge section and the too low section of present situation satisfaction degree by
One appraises and decides.
Further, in step 4, finally there is following situation the section that need to be appraised and decided：One is that Water Functional Zone design discharge is more than base
In natural runoff process and the result of calculation of flow of surviving the winter, and the present situation Service Efficiency of design discharge reaches 75%, in this case with
Water Functional Zone design discharge is used as freezeup period ecological basic flow recommendation；Two be too low for result of calculation present situation Service Efficiency, or
It is excessive and design discharge present situation Service Efficiency is too low with design discharge gap, it is in this case ice-bound with reference to being surveyed under 75% fraction
Phase diurnal courses process appraises and decides result of calculation；Three be Combining with terrain data, meteorological data and hydrologic monitoring data.
The invention has the advantages that：
Under prior art, the calculating of freezeup period ecological basic flow is often according to history natural runoff data, with reference to dry season footpath
Flow standard is determined, but river freezeup period is also the Wintering Period of piscine organism, therefore the determination of freezeup period ecological basic flow is still needed and examined
Consider the suitable habitat demand of fish overwinter.Inventive algorithm couples hydrologic method and Wintering Period fish habitat simulation side
Method, proposes the initial proposed value of REDUCTION IN RIVERS DURING FREEZING PERIOD ecological basic flow, and this method considers natural discharge process and fish demand simultaneously,
Compensate for single hydrologic method do not consider the environmental demand of aquatile, mankind's activity is disturbed strong section adaptability compared with
The theoretical defects of difference, gained ecological basic flow result is more accurate.
And the ecological basic flow initial value calculated according to natural runoff process and fish overwinter demand is also needed to and corresponding section
Water Functional Zone design discharge, present situation hydraulic engineering construction running situation and present situation actual flow process are analyzed, comprehensive
Conjunction determination is scientific and reasonable, possess the overall river ecological base flow in stronger operational basin.In summary, the computational methods can be more
Effectively to prevent river channel shrinkage or even cutout, maintaining the basicly stable of river ecosystem.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.
A kind of REDUCTION IN RIVERS DURING FREEZING PERIOD ecological basic flow computational methods, comprise the following steps：
1. the ecological basic flow based on natural runoff process is calculated
According to long series natural diurnal courses mistake of the hydrological distribution model WEP models to Songhua River Basin 1956-2013
57 major control sections are carried out ecological basic flow calculating by the analog result of journey.First with the 7Q10 methods after improvement, i.e., 75%
Most withered continuous seven days average runoffs, calculate freezeup period ecological basic flow under fraction.With reference to the reduction of freezeup period 75% fraction lower day
Run-off, the result of calculation to 7Q10 methods is corrected, as a result as shown in table 1.
Freezeup period ecological basic flow result of calculation of the table 1 based on natural runoff process
The result of calculation of two methods in analytical table 1, was drawn by most withered continuous seven days under 75% fraction average runoffs
Ecological basic flow result can all meet 75% fraction lower day of freezeup period natural runoff amount, i.e., without mankind's moving obstacle
Under state, the ecological basic flow reference value that the result of calculation is determined can ensure that freezeup period basin Nei Ge section can reach that runoff will
Ask.
2. the ecological basic flow based on fish overwinter demand is calculated
Songhua River Basin REDUCTION IN RIVERS DURING FREEZING PERIOD is ice-bound, and low water temperature and freeze-up rear DO supplements deficiency are to influence the maximum of fish overwinter
Limiting factor, and the two factors are directly influenceed by the subglacial depth of water.According to investigation result, the subglacial depth of water is more than the water at 1m
Temperature is generally higher than 3 DEG C, compares and is suitable for fish overwinter；And the depth of water it is too deep when, bed mud and zoobenthos, zooplankter
Growth cause oxygen debt layer increasing, be unfavorable for water body DO recovery and holding, it is considered that the 1-1.8m depth of water be flowing water area fit
Preferably survive the winter the depth of water, 0.6m is the minimum depth of water of the limit, and 3m is limit maximum water depth, sets up fish overwinter phase depth of water suitability degree curve.
Meanwhile, the flowing of water body is fed with larger effect also for increase DO, but flow velocity is unsuitable excessive, to reduce the energy of fish overwinter phase
Amount consumption, using 0.01-0.05m/s as fish overwinter phase suitable flow rate, 0.1m/s sets up fish and got over as limit Peak Flow Rate
Winter flow velocity suitability degree curve, and using habitat simulation model carry out survive the winter appropriate flow rate simulation calculate, it is contemplated that freezeup period
The less actual conditions of flow, take the corresponding flow of maximum winter habitat area 50% to be needed as the section fish overwinter flow
Ask.For the tributary of not detailed topographic(al) data, then 0.6m is reached as control condition using measured profile mean depth, now about
50% section width can reach the suitable depth of water of fish overwinter, and fish overwinter traffic demand is inquired into according to flow-curves of water level.
According to above-mentioned thinking, core has been carried out for the freezeup period that 21 fish of Songhua River Basin lay special stress on protecting sections traffic demand of surviving the winter
Calculate, result of calculation is as shown in table 2.
Table 2 freezeup period fish overwinter traffic demand result of calculation
3. the comparative analysis with Water Functional Zone design discharge and present situation situation
To ensure that the result of calculation of ecological basic flow can reach environment flow, make every effort to meet section freezeup period pollution discharge capability,
Ecological basic flow result of calculation of this research based on natural runoff process, utilizes the main Water Functional Zone design discharge of each section of correspondence
Comparative analysis.Consider economic society as a whole to be configured with water with multiple targets such as water, while considering checking is based on natural path flowmeter
Calculate the science accessibility of result and Water Functional Zone design discharge, hydrometric station last decade Song Hua River corresponding to each section of this research and utilization
The measuring runoff data in basin, calculates the ecological basic flow result of calculation based on natural runoff process respectively and correspondence Water Functional Zone is set
Flow present situation satisfaction degree is counted, Passing Criteria is used as using 75% Service Efficiency.
The ecological basic flow result of calculation of table 3 and Water Functional Zone design discharge contrast table
It can be clearly seen that there are 28 sections in 57 key sections based on natural runoff process by table 3
Result of calculation fails to reach design discharge, wherein having the result of calculation of part section well below design discharge desired value.It need to enter
One step analyzes its present situation satisfaction degree, considers standard and actual measurement freezeup period runoff money that Water Functional Zone design discharge is determined
Material, is appraised and decided to ecological basic flow result of calculation.
By met with present situation situation contrast as can be seen that Nenjiang area part tributary, loose Japan agree river, logical willing river and
The ecological basic flow present situation satisfaction degree based on natural runoff process in river where horses drink water basin is too low, and part section design discharge is much larger than
Ecological basic flow result of calculation and present situation satisfaction degree is well below 75%.Therefore need to consider upstream and downstream reservoir, river course company
Situations such as bottom is frozen appraises and decides final result.
4. freezeup period ecological flow is appraised and decided
The determination of freezeup period ecological flow is main to lay special stress on protecting river with the result of calculation based on natural runoff process and fish
Based on Duan Yuedong traffic demands, for result of calculation be less than design discharge section and the too low section of present situation satisfaction degree by
One appraises and decides.Finally there is following situation the section that need to be appraised and decided：One be Water Functional Zone design discharge be more than based on natural runoff process and
Survive the winter the result of calculation of flow, and the present situation Service Efficiency of design discharge reaches 75%, in this case with Water Functional Zone design discharge
It is used as freezeup period ecological basic flow recommendation；Two be too low for result of calculation present situation Service Efficiency, or with design discharge gap mistake
Greatly and design discharge present situation Service Efficiency is too low, in this case appraised and decided with reference to actual measurement freezeup period diurnal courses process under 75% fraction
Result of calculation；Three be Combining with terrain data, meteorological data and hydrologic monitoring data, determine Nemor River, sound river, Wuyuer River,
Logical willing river, Japan willing river freezeup period connect bottom for whole or big portion and freeze river, and this research does not set freezeup period ecological basic flow index.Appraise and decide
Freezeup period ecological basic flow final result afterwards is as shown in table 4.
Table 4 freezeup period ecological basic flow result and determination are according to summary sheet
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention not limited to this, any ripe
Those skilled in the art are known in the technical scope of present disclosure, the letter for the technical scheme that can be become apparent to
Altered or equivalence replacement are each fallen within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of REDUCTION IN RIVERS DURING FREEZING PERIOD ecological basic flow computational methods, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps；
Step 1, the ecological basic flow based on natural runoff process are calculated
According to the analog result of the long series natural diurnal courses process of hydrological distribution model WEP model watersheds, to major control
Section carries out ecological basic flow calculating, first with most withered continuous seven days average diameters under the 7Q10 methods after improvement, i.e. 75% fraction
Stream, calculates freezeup period ecological basic flow；With reference to 75% fraction lower day of freezeup period natural runoff amount, the result of calculation to 7Q10 methods adds
To correct；
Step 2, the ecological basic flow based on fish overwinter demand are calculated
For the section freezeup period ecological basic flow with important ecological functions, it is necessary to consider fish overwinter for the suitable hydrology
The demand of key element, it is established that fish overwinter habitat suitability curve, physical habitat mould is utilized in mainstream and fork
Analog model PHABSIM simulates the suitable wintering ground area of fish under different freezeup period flow conditions, proposes to protect based on fish overwinter
The freezeup period ecological basic flow optimal value of shield, and the corresponding flux lower limit value of surviving the winter of 50% suitable wintering ground area, are used as correlation
The important reference that section freezeup period ecological basic flow is determined；
Step 3, the comparative analysis with Water Functional Zone design discharge and present situation situation
Ecological basic flow result of calculation based on natural runoff process, utilizes the main Water Functional Zone design discharge pair of each section of correspondence
Than analysis；Consider economic society as a whole to be configured with water with the multiple target of water, calculated while considering checking based on natural runoff
As a result with the science accessibility of Water Functional Zone design discharge, hydrometric station last decade Song Hua River corresponding to each section of this research and utilization is flowed
The measuring runoff data in domain, calculates ecological basic flow result of calculation and the design of correspondence Water Functional Zone based on natural runoff process respectively
Flow present situation satisfaction degree, Passing Criteria is used as using 75% Service Efficiency；
Step 4, freezeup period ecological flow are appraised and decided
The determination of freezeup period ecological flow is main to be got over the result of calculation based on natural runoff process and fish focused protection section
Based on winter traffic demand, section and the too low section of the present situation satisfaction degree core one by one of design discharge are less than for result of calculation
It is fixed.
2. a kind of REDUCTION IN RIVERS DURING FREEZING PERIOD ecological basic flow computational methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 4, need core
Finally there is following situation fixed section：One is that Water Functional Zone design discharge is more than the meter based on natural runoff process and flow of surviving the winter
Result is calculated, and the present situation Service Efficiency of design discharge reaches 75%, is in this case given birth to using Water Functional Zone design discharge as freezeup period
State base flow recommendation；Two be too low for result of calculation present situation Service Efficiency, or with design discharge gap is excessive and design discharge
Present situation Service Efficiency is too low, in this case appraises and decides result of calculation with reference to actual measurement freezeup period diurnal courses process under 75% fraction；Three are
Combining with terrain data, meteorological data and hydrologic monitoring data.
3. a kind of REDUCTION IN RIVERS DURING FREEZING PERIOD ecological basic flow computational methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 2,1-
The 1.8m depth of water is that flowing water area suitably survives the winter the depth of water, and 0.6m is the minimum depth of water of the limit, and 3m is limit maximum water depth, and fish is set up according to this
Class Wintering Period depth of water suitability degree curve；Using 0.01-0.05m/s as fish overwinter phase suitable flow rate, 0.1m/s as the limit most
Big flow velocity, sets up fish overwinter flow velocity suitability degree curve according to this；And then the depth of water, flow velocity habitat suitability curve are combined, utilize
The simulation that habitat simulation model carries out appropriate flow rate of surviving the winter is calculated, it is contemplated that the less actual conditions of freezeup period flow, is taken most
The corresponding flow of big winter habitat area 50% is used as the section fish overwinter traffic demand；For not detailed topographic(al) data
Tributary, then 0.6m is reached as control condition using measured profile mean depth, now 50% section width can reach fish
The suitable depth of water survived the winter, fish overwinter traffic demand is inquired into according to flow-curves of water level.
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| CN108959754A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-12-07 | 榆林学院 | A kind of calculation method of river ecological minimum flow |
| CN109635514A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-04-16 | 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 | Ecological basic flow determines method and system in a kind of river |
| CN111401793A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-07-10 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Ecological base flow calculation method and device |
| CN111460674A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-28 | 河海大学 | Flood pulse design method for ecological flow process |
| CN113807545A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-12-17 | 浙江大学 | River and lake ecological flow forecasting and early warning method based on deep learning and physical model |
| CN114186507A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-15 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | River base flow analysis method based on WEP distributed hydrological model |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108959754A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-12-07 | 榆林学院 | A kind of calculation method of river ecological minimum flow |
| CN109635514A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-04-16 | 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 | Ecological basic flow determines method and system in a kind of river |
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| CN111460674A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-28 | 河海大学 | Flood pulse design method for ecological flow process |
| CN111460674B (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2021-06-25 | 河海大学 | Flood pulse design method for ecological flow process |
| CN111401793A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-07-10 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Ecological base flow calculation method and device |
| CN111401793B (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2022-09-13 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Ecological base flow calculation method and device |
| CN113807545A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-12-17 | 浙江大学 | River and lake ecological flow forecasting and early warning method based on deep learning and physical model |
| CN114186507A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-15 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | River base flow analysis method based on WEP distributed hydrological model |
| CN114186507B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-01-13 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | River base flow analysis method based on WEP distributed hydrological model |
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