CN116307865A - Comprehensive evaluation method for water conservation amount - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive evaluation method of water conservation amount, which comprises the following steps: step 1, establishing a water source conservation quantity evaluation equation; step 2, evaluating the water based on the distributed hydrologic model; step 3, evaluating the functions of the annual water source conservation amount; step 4: and comprehensively evaluating the conservation amount of the water source. The method disclosed by the invention is tightly combined with the whole water circulation process, expands the dimension of water conservation function evaluation, comprehensively considers various functions such as peak regulation in a flood period, accumulation in a water leveling period, water supply in a dead water period and the like, and enriches a water conservation amount evaluation method system. The invention combines the distributed hydrologic simulation with the general comprehensive evaluation method of the water conservation amount distribution function, plays the advantages of the distributed hydrologic simulation and the general comprehensive evaluation method, can flexibly select an evaluation area and an evaluation period on the premise of ensuring the precision, and greatly improves the evaluation efficiency of the water conservation amount.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrologic ecological protection, and particularly relates to a comprehensive evaluation method of water conservation quantity.
Background
The water resource is basic natural resource, and is the basis for guaranteeing the development of the economy and society. Among the various service functions provided by the ecosystem to the human society, the water conservation function is not replaceable. The development of water conservation quantity evaluation work is an important basis for scientifically coping with water resource pressure and solving water problems, and has important significance for guaranteeing regional economic and social sustainable development and maintaining ecological system health balance.
Current water resource conservation ability evaluation methods can be broadly divided into three categories: firstly, focusing on the forest flood storage and retention water function, taking the forest canopy interception amount as a water source conservation amount; secondly, paying attention to the water supply function of the soil layer to the ecological system, and taking the regulation and storage amount of the soil layer to the water as the water source conservation amount; thirdly, the water supply function of the natural system to the economy and society is concerned, and the total water supply is taken as the water source conservation quantity. In summary, existing methods for evaluating water conservation amount have some defects, which are often limited to a single dimension, only concern about the adjustment of the local process and function of water circulation, and lack comprehensive consideration and overall grasp.
In fact, the conservation of water source communicates multiple processes of water circulation such as interception, infiltration, evaporation, runoff production and confluence, and relates to multidimensional functions of water and soil conservation, flood peak regulation, ecological system nourishing, downstream water supply and the like. The different functions have positive correlation combination, such as moisture trapped by forest canopy and withered layer, which nourish vegetation and play a role in reducing flood; also has the negative correlation combination, such as the forestation, can play an important role in the aspects of water and soil loss control and flood regulation, but simultaneously has the effects of strengthening the vertical water circulation process, increasing the water consumption, reducing the water supply and the like. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation method for water conservation amount based on different conservation functions is needed, not only can scientific evaluation be made on the water conservation functions of flood control, water supply, ecology and the like, but also the overall consideration and integrated evaluation on the whole water circulation process can be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation method for water conservation amount, which aims to solve the technical problems.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a comprehensive evaluation method of water conservation amount, which comprises the following steps:
in which W is Culvert For the conservation of the water source in the watershed, m 3 ；W Flood season Is the water conservation quantity m of the flood period 3 ；W Flat plate For the water conservation quantity of the water source in the water leveling period, m 3 ；W Dried cake For the water conservation quantity in the period of dead water, m 3 ；
Dividing the evaluation period by taking a month as a unit, and dividing one year into a flood period, a flat water period and a dead water period:
N＝N flood season +N Flat plate +N Dried cake (2)
Wherein n=12; n (N) Flood season Representing the month number of the flood season in one year; n (N) Flat plate Representing the number of months in a horizontal period of one year; n (N) Dried cake The month number of the withered water period in one year is represented;
and accordingly, an annual water source conservation amount evaluation equation is obtained:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
for the water conservation quantity of the watershed in the j th year, m 3 ；/>
The water conservation quantity m is the water conservation quantity m of the j-th year flood period 3 ；
The water source conservation quantity for the j-th horizontal period, m 3 ；/>
The water source conservation quantity m for the j-th water withering period 3 ；
step 3, functional evaluation of annual water source conservation amount: the annual water conservation amount is evaluated functionally, including evaluating the water conservation amount in the water-leveling period, evaluating the water conservation amount in the flood period and evaluating the water conservation amount in the withered period;
step 4, comprehensively evaluating the conservation amount of the water source: and (3) carrying out functional evaluation on the water conservation quantity of the region year by year in a specified time sequence for any specified region in the research region, so as to obtain the comprehensive evaluation result of the water conservation quantity of the region.
Further, the specific process of establishing the distributed hydrologic model of the research area and performing calibration in the step 2 is as follows:
based on an ArcGIS platform, a hydrologic analysis toolbox is called to analyze DEM data, a multi-stage river system of a research area is extracted, the research area is divided into a plurality of sub-watershed, geographic information, meteorological information and parameter information are spread on the sub-watershed, a distributed hydrologic model of the research area is established, the running model realizes the distributed hydrologic simulation of the watershed, month-by-month simulated runoff series values of a designated hydrologic section are output, the simulated runoff series values are compared with observed runoff series values, evaluation indexes are adopted to evaluate, and model parameters are adjusted.
Further, the evaluation index includes a nash efficiency coefficient NSE and an average deviation coefficient PBIAS, and a calculation formula of the nash efficiency coefficient is:
the mean deviation coefficient is calculated as:
wherein NSE has a value of (- ≡1)]；
To observe the runoff series value, m 3 /s；/>
To simulate runoff series values, m 3 /s；/>
To observe the average value of runoff series, m 3 S; n is the series length;
the principle of adjusting the model parameters is as follows:
NSE→max,PBIAS→min (6)
and ensure NSE is more than or equal to 0.7, and PBIAS is less than or equal to 10 percent.
Further, the evaluation of the water conservation amount in the horizontal period in the step 3 comprises the following steps:
1) Calculating the gradient grid spatial distribution of the research area: calling a gradient analysis tool under a space analysis tool box under an ArcGIS platform, calculating to obtain gradient grid space distribution of a research area based on DEM data, and generating a TIF file;
2) Calculating the spatial distribution of the thickness of the conservation layer and the spatial distribution of the flow velocity coefficient: under the ArcGIS platform, a grid calculator tool under a space analysis toolbox is called, and according to the space distribution of land utilization types and the corresponding relation between each land utilization type and the thickness and flow velocity coefficients of the conservation layer, the space distribution of the thickness and the space distribution of the flow velocity coefficients of the conservation layer are calculated grid by grid, and a TIF file is generated;
3) Calculating a topography index: inputting a research area vector map, and generating gradient grid files, conservation layer thickness and flow velocity coefficient grid files, calling a partition statistical tool under a space analysis tool box under an ArcGIS platform, and calculating a topography index, wherein a calculation formula is as follows:
wherein TI is a topography index; a is the number of grids in the range of the research area; s is S d The thickness of the conservation layer is mm; s is S P Slope of the terrain,%;
4) Calculating the water source conservation amount in the water leveling period:
inputting a research area vector map, calling a partition statistical tool under a space analysis tool box under an ArcGIS platform to obtain a saturated hydraulic conductivity coefficient and a flow velocity coefficient of a conservation layer of the research area, and calculating the water conservation amount of a horizontal period by combining a topography index and a month-by-month water amount evaluation result of the research area, wherein a calculation formula is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
the water source conservation quantity for the j-th horizontal period, m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the V is a flow velocity coefficient, dimensionless; k is the saturated hydraulic conductivity coefficient of the conservation layer, and mm/d; TI is a topography index; r is R i For the water supply amount of the ith month, m 3 。
Further, the evaluating the water conservation amount in the flood season period in the step 3 includes the following steps:
1) Evaluation of the water supply amount with reference to the underlying surface: the bare land is used as a reference underlying surface, the information is input into a calibrated distributed hydrological model for calculation, the corresponding water yield is obtained and recorded as data W Ginseng radix ；
2) And (3) evaluating the water supply amount of the real underlying surface: replacing a reference under-pad with real under-pad informationInputting a calibrated distributed hydrological model to calculate to obtain corresponding water yield, and recording the water yield as data W At present ；
3) Calculating the water conservation amount of the flood season period: the calculation formula of the water conservation amount in the flood season period is as follows:
wherein:
the water conservation quantity m is the water conservation quantity m of the j-th year flood period 3 ；W i At present M is the water conservation quantity corresponding to the real underlying surface 3 ；W i Ginseng radix M is the water conservation quantity corresponding to the underlying surface 3 ；
Further, the specific process of evaluating the water conservation amount in the dead water period in the step 3 is as follows:
and (3) evaluating the water supply quantity of the withered water period by using the calibrated distributed hydrologic model, wherein a calculation formula is as follows:
wherein:
the water source conservation quantity m for the j-th water withering period 3 ；R i For the water supply amount of the ith month, m 3 。。
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the method disclosed by the invention is tightly combined with the whole water circulation process, expands the dimension of water conservation function evaluation, comprehensively considers various functions such as peak regulation in a flood period, accumulation in a water leveling period, water supply in a dead water period and the like, and enriches a water conservation amount evaluation method system. The invention combines the distributed hydrologic simulation with the general comprehensive evaluation method of the water conservation amount distribution function, plays the advantages of the distributed hydrologic simulation and the general comprehensive evaluation method, can flexibly select an evaluation area and an evaluation period on the premise of ensuring the precision, and greatly improves the evaluation efficiency of the water conservation amount.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the conservation function of different water sources in a study area;
FIG. 3 is a simulated river network space distribution diagram extracted from a pair of study areas according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a spatial distribution diagram of a sub-basin divided by a pair of regions of interest according to an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a series of simulated runoff values for a given hydrological test section according to one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of a month-by-month simulated runoff series value and an observed runoff series value for a given hydrologic section of example I;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the evaluation results of the month-by-month water inflow in the study area of example;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing a spatial gradient profile of a terrain in an investigation region;
FIG. 9 is a spatial distribution diagram of a land use pattern according to an embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a spatial distribution diagram of the thickness of a layer of conservation in a study area according to an embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a spatial distribution diagram of flow velocity coefficients in a study area according to an embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the evaluation results of water conservation amount in the water-leveling period in the study area of 1971 to 2015;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the evaluation results of the water conservation amount in the flood season in the study area of 1971 to 2015;
fig. 14 is a result of evaluating the water conservation amount in the study area in 1971 to 2015;
FIG. 15 is a graph showing the results of evaluation of the annual water conservation amount in the study area of examples 1971 to 2015;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a spatial range of a designated area for input according to an embodiment;
FIG. 17 is a comprehensive evaluation result of the water conservation amount of a specified area in example I.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a comprehensive evaluation method of water conservation amount, as shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
in which W is Culvert For the conservation of the water source in the watershed, m 3 ；W Flood season Is the water conservation quantity m of the flood period 3 Representing peak regulation function of flood in flood season; w (W) Flat plate For the water conservation quantity of the water source in the water leveling period, m 3 Characterizing a water stagnation function in a water leveling period; w (W) Dried cake For the water conservation quantity in the period of dead water, m 3 And the water producing and supplying functions of the withered water period are represented.
The structure of the conservation functions of different water sources in the study area of the embodiment is shown in figure 2.
The evaluation period is divided by taking month as a unit, 12 months of the year are divided into a flood period, a water leveling period and a withered water period according to the actual condition of a research area, and the following formula is adopted:
N＝N flood season +N Flat plate +N Dried cake (2)
Wherein n=12; n (N) Flood season Representing the month number of the flood season in one year; n (N) Flat plate Representing the number of months in a horizontal period of one year; n (N) Dried cake The number of months in the water-withered period in one year is represented.
The annual time period division of this example based on the hydrologic characteristics of the study area is shown in table 1.
Table 1 annual time period division based on study area hydrologic features
| Type(s) | Period of water leveling | Time period of flood season | Period of low water |
| Month of month | 3-5 months, 11 months | For 6 to 10 months | 1-2 months, 12 months |
And accordingly, an annual water source conservation amount evaluation equation is obtained, namely, the annual water source conservation amount of the research area is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
for the water conservation quantity of the watershed in the j th year, m 3 ；/>
The water conservation quantity m is the water conservation quantity m of the j-th year flood period 3 ；
The water source conservation quantity for the j-th horizontal period, m 3 ；/>
Is the j-th water-withering periodWater conservation amount, m 3 。
firstly, based on an ArcGIS platform, a hydrological analysis tool box is called, depression filling analysis, flow direction analysis and confluence accumulation analysis are carried out on DEM data, and a multi-stage river system of a research area is extracted on the basis. The spatial distribution of the simulated river network extracted from the research area in this embodiment is shown in fig. 3.
And then, calling tools such as river network link analysis, river network classification, drainage basin extraction and the like in the ArcGIS hydrologic analysis tool box, and dividing a research area into a plurality of sub-drainage basins. The spatial distribution of the sub-domains of the study region division in this embodiment is shown in fig. 4.
Geographical information (including information such as topography, water system, hydrologic station, etc.), meteorological information (including information such as precipitation, air temperature, etc.), parameter information (including information such as soil, vegetation, etc.) are spread on the sub-watershed, a distributed hydrologic model of a research area is established, the running model realizes the distributed hydrologic simulation of the watershed, a month-by-month simulation runoff series value of a designated hydrologic test section is output, and the model is conveniently calibrated in the next step. The simulated runoff series values for a given hydrological test section of this example are shown in figure 5.
Comparing the simulated runoff series value with the observed runoff series value, and evaluating by adopting two indexes of a Nash efficiency coefficient NSE and an average deviation coefficient PBIAS, wherein the Nash efficiency coefficient has a calculation formula as follows:
the mean deviation coefficient is calculated as:
wherein NSE has a value of (- ≡1)]；
To observe the runoff series value, m 3 /s；/>
To simulate runoff series values, m 3 /s；/>
To observe the average value of runoff series, m 3 S; n is the series length;
and then, adjusting model parameters according to the principle shown in the formula (6), and calibrating the distributed hydrologic model, wherein NSE is ensured to be as large as possible, and PBIAS is ensured to be as small as possible:
NSE→max,PBIAS→min (6)
generally, NSE is more than or equal to 0.7, and PBIAS is less than or equal to 10 percent.
The distributed hydrologic simulation evaluation index of this embodiment is shown in table 2, and the comparison result of the month-by-month simulated runoff series value and the observed runoff series value of a certain designated hydrologic section is shown in fig. 6.
Table 2 distributed hydrologic simulation assessment index
| Evaluation index | NSE | PBIAS |
| 1980-2015 | 0.79 | -1.3％ |
And then, using the calibrated distributed hydrologic model to perform month scale evaluation on the water inflow condition of the research area, and obtaining a month-by-month water inflow evaluation result (namely a month-by-month water inflow data series value) of the research area. The evaluation results of the month-by-month water supply amount in the study area of this example are shown in FIG. 7.
Step 3, functional evaluation of annual water source conservation amount: the method comprises the steps of evaluating the water conservation amount of the flat water period, evaluating the water conservation amount of the flood period and evaluating the water conservation amount of the dead water period.
Step 31, evaluating the water source conservation amount in the horizontal period:
1) Calculating the gradient grid spatial distribution of the research area: and calling a gradient analysis tool under a space analysis tool box under the ArcGIS platform, calculating to obtain grid space distribution of the gradient (in percentage) of the research area based on the DEM data, and generating a TIF file.
The spatial distribution of the terrain gradient of the investigation region calculated in this embodiment is shown in fig. 8.
2) Calculating the spatial distribution of the thickness of the conservation layer and the spatial distribution of the flow velocity coefficient: under the ArcGIS platform, a grid calculator tool under the spatial analysis toolbox is called, a spatial distribution diagram of land use types according to the present embodiment is shown in fig. 9, and the correspondence between each land use type and the thickness and flow rate coefficients of the conservation layer is calculated grid by grid, as shown in table 3, and a TIF file is generated.
The spatial distribution of the conservation layer thickness and the spatial distribution of the flow velocity coefficient of the investigation region calculated in this example are shown in fig. 10 and 11, respectively.
TABLE 3 conservation layer thickness and flow Rate coefficients for different land utilization types
| Land use type | Thickness/mm of the conservation layer | Flow velocity coefficient |
| Paddy field | 300 | 2000 |
| Water watering land | 300 | 900 |
| With woodland | 5000 | 200 |
| Irrigation forest land | 3000 | 249 |
| |
2000 | 300 |
| Other woodlands | 1000 | 500 |
| High coverage grassland | 500 | 550 |
| Middle covered grassland | 450 | 600 |
| Low-coverage grassland | 400 | 650 |
| Swamp land | 300 | 900 |
| Resident and |
1 | 2000 |
| River, reservoir, pit pool and |
1 | 2000 |
| |
1 | 200 |
| Bare land | 150 | 750 |
| |
1 | 1500 |
| Other |
1 | 500 |
3) Calculating a topography index: inputting a research area vector map, and generating gradient grid files, conservation layer thickness and flow velocity coefficient grid files, calling a partition statistical tool under a space analysis tool box under an ArcGIS platform, and calculating a topography index, wherein a calculation formula is as follows:
wherein TI is a topography index; a is the number of grids in the range of the research area; s is S d The thickness of the conservation layer is mm; s is S P Is the slope of the terrain,%.
The study area topography index information calculated in this example is shown in table 4.
Table 4 study area topography index information
| Index name | Value taking |
| Grid number | 217132 |
| Thickness of the |
0～5000mm |
| Average layer thickness of conservation | 499.6mm |
| Gradient of |
0～53％ |
| Average gradient | 7.42％ |
| Topography index Tl | 0.53 |
4) Calculating the water source conservation amount in the water leveling period: inputting a research area vector map, calling a partition statistical tool under a space analysis tool box under an ArcGIS platform to obtain a saturated hydraulic conductivity coefficient and a flow velocity coefficient of a conservation layer of the research area, calculating a water conservation amount of a water level period according to a formula (8) according to the calculated topography index and a month-by-month water conservation amount evaluation result of the research area obtained in the step (2).
In the method, in the process of the invention,
the water source conservation quantity for the j-th horizontal period, m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the V is a flow velocity coefficient, dimensionless; k is the saturated hydraulic conductivity coefficient of the conservation layer, and mm/d; TI is a topography index, dimensionless; r is R i Represents the water supply amount of the ith month, m 3 。
The water conservation amount results of the study area horizontal period calculated in this example are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 Water conservation amount during the period of level water
Step 32, evaluating the water conservation amount in the flood season period:
1) Evaluation of the water supply amount with reference to the underlying surface: the bare land is used as a reference underlying surface, the information is input into a calibrated distributed hydrological model for calculation, the corresponding water yield is obtained and recorded as data W Ginseng radix The water inflow amount of the reference underlying surface of this embodiment in the corresponding flood period is shown in table 6:
table 6 refers to the water supply amount of the underlying surface in the corresponding flood period
2) And (3) evaluating the water supply amount of the real underlying surface: replacing reference underlying surface with real underlying surface information, inputting the unchanged meteorological data and the like into a calibrated distributed hydrological model for calculation to obtain an incoming water volume series at the moment, and recording the incoming water volume series as data W At present The water inflow amount in the flood period corresponding to the actual underlying surface in this embodiment is shown in table 7:
table 7 flood season Water supply quantity corresponding to real underlying surface
3) Calculating the water conservation amount of the flood season period: the calculation formula of the water conservation amount in the flood season period is as follows:
wherein:
the water conservation quantity m is the water conservation quantity m of the j-th year flood period 3 ；W i At present M is the water conservation quantity corresponding to the real underlying surface 3 ；W i Ginseng radix M is the water conservation quantity corresponding to the underlying surface 3 。
The water conservation amount in the flood season period of the study area of this example is shown in table 8.
Table 8 Water conservation amount during flood period
Step 33, evaluating the water source conservation amount in the dead water period: the calibrated distributed hydrologic model is used for evaluating the water supply quantity in the withered water period, namely the water source conservation quantity in the period, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
the water source conservation quantity m for the j-th water withering period 3 ；R i Represents the water supply amount of the ith month, m 3 。
The water conservation amounts in the dead water period of the study area of this example are shown in table 9.
Table 9 Water conservation amount during the period of withered water
Step 4, comprehensively evaluating the conservation amount of the water source: and (3) carrying out functional evaluation on the water conservation quantity of the region year by year in a specified time sequence for any specified region in the research region, so as to obtain the comprehensive evaluation result of the water conservation quantity of the region.
And (3) performing functional evaluation on the annual water conservation amount according to the formula (3) aiming at the designated year to obtain the annual comprehensive water conservation amount. The evaluation results of the annual water conservation amount in this example are shown in Table 10.
Table 10 years Water conservation amount
And (3) repeating the step (3) aiming at the appointed time sequence, and performing functional evaluation on the annual water conservation amount to obtain a water conservation amount evaluation result. In this embodiment, 1971 to 2015 are selected as the specified time series, and in the time series, the evaluation results of the water conservation amounts of the study area in the water leveling period, the flood period and the dead water period are shown in fig. 12 to 14, respectively, and the evaluation results of the water conservation amounts of the study area year by year are shown in fig. 15.
In this embodiment, a vector boundary diagram of an arbitrary designated area is input, the spatial range of which is shown in fig. 16, and the above steps are repeated, so that the comprehensive evaluation result of the water conservation amount of the designated area can be obtained, as shown in fig. 17.
Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and that although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred arrangement, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The comprehensive evaluation method of the water conservation amount is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, establishing a water source conservation amount evaluation equation: according to the peak regulation function of the flood season period of the study area, the water stagnation function of the water leveling period and the water production and supply function of the water withering period, a general water source conservation quantity evaluation equation is established as follows:
in which W is Culvert For the conservation of the water source in the watershed, m 3 ；W Flood season Is the water conservation quantity m of the flood period 3 ；W Flat plate For the water conservation quantity of the water source in the water leveling period, m 3 ；W Dried cake For the water conservation quantity in the period of dead water, m 3 ；
Dividing the evaluation period by taking a month as a unit, and dividing one year into a flood period, a flat water period and a dead water period:
N＝N flood season +N Flat plate +N Dried cake (2)
Wherein n=12; n (N) Flood season Representing the month number of the flood season in one year; n (N) Flat plate Representing the number of months in a horizontal period of one year; n (N) Dried cake The month number of the withered water period in one year is represented;
and accordingly, an annual water source conservation amount evaluation equation is obtained:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
for the water conservation quantity of the watershed in the j th year, m 3 ；/>
The water conservation quantity m is the water conservation quantity m of the j-th year flood period 3 ；/>
The water source conservation quantity for the j-th horizontal period, m 3 ；/>
The water source conservation quantity m for the j-th water withering period 3 ；
Step 2, water supply evaluation based on a distributed hydrological model: establishing a distributed hydrological model of a research area, calibrating, and performing month scale evaluation on the water inflow condition of the research area by using the calibrated model to obtain a month inflow evaluation result of the research area;
step 3, functional evaluation of annual water source conservation amount: the annual water conservation amount is evaluated functionally, including evaluating the water conservation amount in the water-leveling period, evaluating the water conservation amount in the flood period and evaluating the water conservation amount in the withered period;
step 4, comprehensively evaluating the conservation amount of the water source: and (3) carrying out functional evaluation on the water conservation quantity of the region year by year in a specified time sequence for any specified region in the research region, so as to obtain the comprehensive evaluation result of the water conservation quantity of the region.
2. The comprehensive evaluation method of water conservation amount according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of establishing a distributed hydrological model of a research area and performing calibration in the step 2 is as follows:
based on an ArcGIS platform, a hydrologic analysis toolbox is called to analyze DEM data, a multi-stage river system of a research area is extracted, the research area is divided into a plurality of sub-watershed, geographic information, meteorological information and parameter information are spread on the sub-watershed, a distributed hydrologic model of the research area is established, the running model realizes the distributed hydrologic simulation of the watershed, month-by-month simulated runoff series values of a designated hydrologic section are output, the simulated runoff series values are compared with observed runoff series values, evaluation indexes are adopted to evaluate, and model parameters are adjusted.
3. The comprehensive evaluation method of water conservation amount according to claim 2, wherein the evaluation index comprises a nash efficiency coefficient NSE and an average deviation coefficient PBIAS, and the calculation formula of the nash efficiency coefficient is:
the mean deviation coefficient is calculated as:
wherein NSE has a value of (- ≡1)]；
To observe the runoff series value, m 3 /s；/>
To simulate runoff series values, m 3 /s；/>
To observe the average value of runoff series, m 3 S; n is the series length;
the principle of adjusting the model parameters is as follows:
NSE→max,PBIAS→min (6)
and ensure NSE is more than or equal to 0.7, and PBIAS is less than or equal to 10 percent.
4. The method for comprehensively evaluating the conservation amount of water source according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation of the conservation amount of water source in the flat water period in the step 3 comprises the steps of:
1) Calculating the gradient grid spatial distribution of the research area: calling a gradient analysis tool under a space analysis tool box under an ArcGIS platform, calculating to obtain gradient grid space distribution of a research area based on DEM data, and generating a TIF file;
2) Calculating the spatial distribution of the thickness of the conservation layer and the spatial distribution of the flow velocity coefficient: under the ArcGIS platform, a grid calculator tool under a space analysis toolbox is called, and according to the space distribution of land utilization types and the corresponding relation between each land utilization type and the thickness and flow velocity coefficients of the conservation layer, the space distribution of the thickness and the space distribution of the flow velocity coefficients of the conservation layer are calculated grid by grid, and a TIF file is generated;
3) Calculating a topography index: inputting a research area vector map, and generating gradient grid files, conservation layer thickness and flow velocity coefficient grid files, calling a partition statistical tool under a space analysis tool box under an ArcGIS platform, and calculating a topography index, wherein a calculation formula is as follows:
wherein TI is a topography index; a is the number of grids in the range of the research area; s is S d The thickness of the conservation layer is mm; s is S P Slope of the terrain,%;
4) Calculating the water source conservation amount in the water leveling period:
inputting a research area vector map, calling a partition statistical tool under a space analysis tool box under an ArcGIS platform to obtain a saturated hydraulic conductivity coefficient and a flow velocity coefficient of a conservation layer of the research area, and calculating the water conservation amount of a horizontal period by combining a topography index and a month-by-month water amount evaluation result of the research area, wherein a calculation formula is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
the water source conservation quantity for the j-th horizontal period, m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the V is a flow velocity coefficient, dimensionless; k is the saturated hydraulic conductivity coefficient of the conservation layer, and mm/d; TI is a topography index; r is R i For the water supply amount of the ith month, m 3 。
5. The method for comprehensively evaluating the conservation amount of water source according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation of the conservation amount of water source in the flood season period in the step 3 comprises the steps of:
1) Evaluation of the water supply amount with reference to the underlying surface: the bare land is used as a reference underlying surface, the information is input into a calibrated distributed hydrological model for calculation, the corresponding water yield is obtained and recorded as data W Ginseng radix ；
2) And (3) evaluating the water supply amount of the real underlying surface: replacing the reference underlying surface with the real underlying surface information, inputting a calibrated distributed hydrologic model for calculation to obtain corresponding water yield, and recording as data W At present ；
3) Calculating the water conservation amount of the flood season period: the calculation formula of the water conservation amount in the flood season period is as follows:
wherein:
the water conservation quantity m is the water conservation quantity m of the j-th year flood period 3 ；W i At present M is the water conservation quantity corresponding to the real underlying surface 3 ；W i Ginseng radix M is the water conservation quantity corresponding to the underlying surface 3 。
6. The comprehensive evaluation method of water conservation amount according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of evaluating the water conservation amount in the dead water period in the step 3 is as follows:
and (3) evaluating the water supply quantity of the withered water period by using the calibrated distributed hydrologic model, wherein a calculation formula is as follows:
wherein:
the water source conservation quantity m for the j-th water withering period 3 ；R i For the water supply amount of the ith month, m 3 。
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