CN107291974B - Parameter setting method for high-frequency transient simulation model of spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker - Google Patents
Parameter setting method for high-frequency transient simulation model of spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a parameter setting method of a spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker high-frequency transient simulation model, which comprises the steps of building a test circuit comprising a three-phase power supply, an adjustable transformer, a three-phase cable, a vacuum circuit breaker and a capacitive load, measuring the closing resistance, the capacitance and the inductance of the vacuum circuit breaker, the voltage at two ends of the vacuum circuit breaker and the current flowing through the vacuum circuit breaker in the closing transient process, calculating a closing high-frequency transient parameter of the vacuum circuit breaker by adopting a linear fitting and averaging method, and comparing the fitting parameter with an error verification parameter of a closing speed. The invention measures parameters under different voltages by changing the voltage of the adjustable transformer with the secondary side voltage being capable of being randomly adjusted within the rated range and calculates the general parameters of the voltage level by adopting an averaging method, thereby realizing accurate calculation of the high-frequency transient simulation model parameters of the vacuum circuit breaker, having wider applicable voltage range, being applicable to high-frequency transient simulation under different working conditions and being widely applicable to various researches.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of transient simulation models of power systems, in particular to a parameter setting method of a high-frequency transient simulation model of a spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker based on a test.
Background
The vacuum circuit breaker has the advantages of strong arc extinguishing capability, high reliability, long service life, no fire hazard, suitability for frequent operation and the like, and is increasingly widely applied to power systems and power distribution networks thereof. Different from an ideal state, in the operation of an actual power system, a vacuum circuit breaker often causes system operation overvoltage due to phenomena of pre-breakdown, re-ignition and the like in the opening and closing operation process, overvoltage accidents such as circuit breaker inter-phase insulation breakdown in a transformer substation, bus voltage-variable high-voltage fuse blowout and the like occur, a parallel compensation device is seriously threatened, the service life of electrical equipment is damaged, the insulation of the power equipment is endangered, and the normal operation of the power system is influenced. In order to protect the installation and operation safety of a power system and a power distribution network thereof, simulation research needs to be carried out on the switching-on transient state and protection of the vacuum circuit breaker, so that the accuracy of a vacuum circuit breaker model is one of key factors influencing the research on the operation overvoltage of the vacuum circuit breaker, wherein the parameter setting of the high-frequency transient state simulation model of the vacuum circuit breaker is particularly important.
At present, the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker only has standard power frequency parameters, and the parameters required by high-frequency transient simulation are very lacking. The existing high-frequency transient parameters lack accuracy and universality, so that the improvement on a parameter setting method is necessary, and the method has certain research and engineering application values on simulation research on the problems of overvoltage and the like caused by the switching-on transient state of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker in the running state of a power system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test-based parameter setting method for a high-frequency transient simulation model of a spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker aiming at the defects of a traditional parameter setting method for a simulation model of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a parameter setting method for a high-frequency transient simulation model of a spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of setting up a test circuit comprising a three-phase power supply, a transformer bank, a three-phase cable, a spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker and a load, wherein the transformer bank is connected with a transformer by using the low-voltage side of an adjustable transformer, and the adjustable transformer is initially set to be rated voltage;
2) measuring a closing resistor, a capacitor and an inductor of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker and a gap distance between two contacts of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker;
3) controlling the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker to perform switching for multiple times, and measuring the switching-on time, the voltage at two ends of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker and the passing current in the switching-on transient process by using an oscilloscope and current and voltage measuring equipment;
4) calculating the closing speed according to the contact gap distance and the closing time, and taking the average value of the multiple test closing speeds as the test closing speed;
5) selecting a plurality of pre-breakdown points measured in each test, namely peak points of the high-frequency transient voltage of the switch-on according to the waveform of the measured voltage, and integrating and linearly fitting the peak values of the tests for multiple times to obtain a linear correlation coefficient;
6) selecting a high-frequency current interception point according to the waveform of the measured current, calculating the current change frequency of the point, integrating frequency values calculated by multiple tests and performing linear fitting to obtain a linear correlation coefficient;
7) adjusting the voltage of the low-voltage side of the adjustable transformer to be 0.9 times and 1.1 times of the rated voltage respectively, repeating the steps 3), 4), 5) and 6) to obtain another two groups of linear correlation coefficients, and calculating the average value of each correlation coefficient and the switching-on speed by synthesizing the three groups of linear correlation coefficients and the switching-on speed value, namely the simulation model parameter of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker at the speed, and verifying the parameter;
8) changing a spring operating mechanism of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker, repeating the steps 3), 4), 5), 6) and 7) to obtain simulation model parameters of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker at different speeds, establishing the simulation model of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker in a PSCAD/EMTDC environment, and simultaneously connecting a closing resistor, a capacitor and an inductive circuit in parallel with an ideal circuit breaker.
In step 4), the closing speed is not completely equal but remains within the allowable variation range of the equipment in each test, so the closing speed is averaged, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein k is 1,2, 3; i is 1,2, 3; n is the number of times of each group of tests; v. ofkIs the closing speed of each test; d is the contact gap distance; t is tkThe closing time of each test is; v. ofiThe switching-on speed of each group of tests is the average value of the switching-on speeds of the group of tests;
in step 5), the formula of the linear fit is as follows:
Ui＝ait+bi
where t is time, tikIs the time of each fitting point; u shapeiIs a voltage, UikIs the voltage at each fitting point; a isiFitting a proportionality coefficient for the voltage linearity; biLinearly fitting a constant to the voltage;
in step 6), the formula of the linear fit is as follows:
di/dti＝cit+di
wherein, di/dtiIs the frequency of change of current, di/dtikIs the current change frequency of each fitting point; c. CiLinearly fitting a scaling factor for the current frequency; diFor linear fitting of current frequencyAn amount;
in the step 7), parameters for calculating the dielectric strength and the high-frequency current arc quenching capacity of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker are obtained by processing the linear fitting data in the steps 5) and 6):
a. dielectric strength
Dielectric strength U of vacuum circuit breaker at different momentsbThe calculation formula is as follows:
Ub＝Ublimit-A(t-tclose)-B
wherein, UblimitThe ultimate dielectric strength of the vacuum circuit breaker is related to the dielectric material between the contacts of the circuit breaker; a is closing speed; t is the current simulation time; t is tcloseStarting the action time of the contact of the circuit breaker; b is a dielectric strength constant;
b. high frequency current arc quenching capability
And (3) taking the critical value of the current change rate di/dt as the high-frequency current arc quenching capability, and adopting a first-order polynomial expression:
di/dt＝C(t-tclose)+D
wherein C is the rising proportion of the high-frequency current arc quenching capability; d is the high-frequency current arc quenching capacity when the contact starts to be switched on;
thus, the closing speed measurement
Next, the closing parameters of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker are as follows:
and comparing the closing speed A with the closing speed measured value V to verify parameters, and when the deviation of the A and the V is within an error allowable range, enabling the group of parameters to be used for a simulation model.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the method comprises the steps of building a test circuit, measuring a switching-on high-frequency transient circuit of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker by adopting measuring equipment, and fitting and calculating parameters required by a built simulation model.
2. The invention adopts the adjustable transformer, respectively carries out test measurement on three conditions of rated voltage, 0.9 times of rated voltage and 1.1 times of rated voltage of the adjustable transformer, and takes the average value of three groups of tests as a final parameter, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the high-frequency transient parameter of the closing of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker.
3. According to the invention, the switching-on speed of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker is changed by changing the spring operating mechanism of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker, and the high-frequency transient state parameters of the switching-on of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker at different speeds are measured and calculated, so that various references are provided for simulation models of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker and simulation under different working conditions.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a parameter setting method of a high-frequency transient simulation model of a spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker according to the invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural view of a test circuit for measuring parameters of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a circuit structure diagram of a simulation model of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the parameter setting method for the high-frequency transient simulation model of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker provided by this embodiment includes the following steps:
1) a test circuit shown in figure 2 is built, and comprises a 380V three-phase power supply, a 380V adjustable transformer (with an adjustable range of 0-430V and an initial set rated voltage of 380V), a 35/0.38kV transformer, a 35kV elastic-operated vacuum circuit breaker and a capacitive load which are sequentially connected in series.
2) The closing resistance R, the capacitance L and the inductance C of the 35kV elastic vacuum circuit breaker are measured by using an elastic vacuum circuit breaker closing resistance tester, a capacitance measuring instrument and an inductance measuring instrument, and the gap distance d between two contacts of the elastic vacuum circuit breaker is measured by using a position sensor.
3) Controlling the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker to perform multiple switching, and measuring the switching-on time t in the transient switching-on process by using a current transformer and a voltage transformer connected with an oscilloscopeikSpring-operated vacuum circuit breaker two-end voltage UikAnd the passing current Iik。
4) Calculating the closing speed and taking the closing speed v of multiple testskIs the set of test closing speeds viThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein k is 1,2, 3; i is 1,2, 3; n is the number of times of each group of tests; v. ofkIs the closing speed of each test; d is the contact gap distance; t is tkThe closing time of each test is; v. ofiAnd the switching-on speed of each group test is the average value of the switching-on speeds of the group in multiple tests.
5) According to the measured voltage data, MATLAB is used for drawing the waveform of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker, a plurality of pre-breakdown points measured in each test, namely peak points of high-frequency transient voltage of closing, are selected by combining the data and the waveform, and the peak values of multiple tests are integrated and linearly fitted by using MATLAB statements to obtain linear correlation coefficients, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Ui＝ait+bi
where t is time, tikIs the time of each fitting point; u shapeiIs a voltage, UikIs the voltage at each fitting point; a isiFitting a proportionality coefficient for the voltage linearity; biLinearly fitting a constant to the voltage;
6) according to the measured voltage data, MATLAB is used for drawing the waveform of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker, a plurality of high-frequency current interception points are measured in each test and the current change frequency of the points is calculated by combining the data and the waveform, and the peak values of the tests are integrated and linearly fitted by using MATLAB sentences to obtain linear correlation coefficients, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
di/dti＝cit+di
wherein, di/dtiIs the frequency of change of current, di/dtikIs the current change frequency of each fitting point; c. CiLinearly fitting a scaling factor for the current frequency; diLinearly fitting a constant to the current frequency;
7) adjusting the voltage value of the adjustable transformer to be 0.9 times and 1.1 times of rated voltage respectively, namely 342V and 418V, repeating the steps 3), 4), 5) and 6) to obtain another two groups of linear correlation coefficients, and calculating the average value of each correlation coefficient and the closing speed by integrating the three groups of linear correlation coefficients and the closing speed value, namely the parameters of the dielectric strength and the high-frequency current arc extinguishing capability of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker at the speed:
a. dielectric strength
Dielectric strength U of different-time spring-operated vacuum circuit breakerbThe calculation formula is as follows:
Ub＝Ublimit-A(t-tclose)-B (4)
wherein, UblimitThe ultimate dielectric strength of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker is related to the dielectric material between the contacts of the circuit breaker; a is closing speed; t is the current simulation time; t is tcloseStarting the action time of the contact of the circuit breaker; b is a dielectric strength constant;
b. high frequency current arc quenching capability
And (3) taking the critical value of the current change rate di/dt as the high-frequency current arc quenching capability, and adopting a first-order polynomial expression:
di/dt＝C(t-tclose)+D (5)
wherein C is the rising proportion of the high-frequency current arc quenching capability; d is the high-frequency current arc quenching capacity when the contact starts to be switched on;
thus, the closing speed measurement
Next, the closing parameters of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker are as follows:
in addition, verification parameters need to be compared between the closing speed A and a closing speed measured value V, and when the deviation between the A and the V is within an error allowable range, the group of parameters can be used for a simulation model.
8) Repeating the steps 3), 4), 5), 6) and 7) by changing the spring operating mechanism of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker, measuring and calculating the parameters of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker simulation model at different speeds and establishing the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker simulation model in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment, as shown in FIG. 3. The simulation model adopts a structure that a closing resistor, a capacitor and an inductor (RLC) circuit are connected with an ideal breaker in parallel, wherein the closing resistor, the capacitor and the inductor use data measured in 2), and A, B, C, D parameters obtained in 7) are used for calculating dielectric strength and high-frequency truncation capacity for judging the opening and closing state of the breaker.
A test circuit is built according to the steps, the voltage at two ends of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker and the current flowing through the circuit breaker in the transient switching-on process of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker are measured, the high-frequency transient switching-on parameters of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker are calculated by adopting a linear fitting and averaging method, and the parameters are verified by comparing the error between the fitting parameters and the switching-on speed, so that the method has higher effectiveness. In the embodiment, the switching-on transient voltage and current conditions of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker are measured when the adjustable circuits are 380V, 342V and 418V respectively, namely the terminal voltage of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker is 35kV, 31.5kV and 38.5kV, and the required simulation model parameters are obtained by adopting an averaging method, so that the calculated parameters are accurate and the applicable voltage range is wide. This example is tested various closing speeds, so the simulation model is applicable to multiple operating modes. The example can show that the parameter setting method of the high-frequency transient simulation model of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker based on the test can better measure and calculate the parameters required by the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker simulation model, and the parameters can accord with the actual working conditions when being used for simulation, can be widely used for setting the parameters of all the spring-operated vacuum circuit breakers, and is worthy of popularization.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, so that the changes in the shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A parameter setting method for a high-frequency transient simulation model of a spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) the method comprises the following steps of setting up a test circuit comprising a three-phase power supply, a transformer bank, a three-phase cable, a spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker and a load, wherein the transformer bank is connected with a transformer by using the low-voltage side of an adjustable transformer, and the adjustable transformer is initially set to be rated voltage;
2) measuring a closing resistor, a capacitor and an inductor of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker and the gap distance between two contacts of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker;
3) controlling the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker to perform switching for multiple times, and measuring the switching-on time, the voltage at two ends of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker and the passing current in the switching-on transient process by using an oscilloscope and current and voltage measuring equipment;
4) calculating the closing speed according to the contact gap distance and the closing time, and taking the average value of the multiple test closing speeds as the test closing speed;
5) selecting a plurality of pre-breakdown points measured in each test, namely peak points of the switching-on transient high-frequency voltage according to the waveform of the measured voltage, and integrating and linearly fitting the peak values of the tests for multiple times to obtain a linear correlation coefficient;
6) selecting a high-frequency current interception point according to the waveform of the measured current, calculating the current change frequency of the point, integrating frequency values calculated by multiple tests and performing linear fitting to obtain a linear correlation coefficient;
7) adjusting the voltage of the low-voltage side of the adjustable transformer to be 0.9 times and 1.1 times of the rated voltage respectively, repeating the steps 3), 4), 5) and 6) to obtain another two groups of linear correlation coefficients, and calculating the average value of each correlation coefficient and the closing speed by synthesizing the three groups of linear correlation coefficients and the closing speed value, namely the parameters of the simulation model of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker at the speed, and verifying the parameters, wherein the parameters specifically comprise: comparing the switching-on speed A with the switching-on speed measured value V to verify parameters, wherein when the deviation of the A and the V is within an error allowable range, the group of parameters can be used for a simulation model;
8) changing a spring operating mechanism of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker, repeating the steps 3), 4), 5), 6) and 7) to obtain simulation model parameters of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker at different speeds, establishing the simulation model of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker in a PSCAD/EMTDC environment, and simultaneously connecting a closing resistor, a capacitor and an inductive circuit in parallel with an ideal circuit breaker.
2. The method for setting the parameters of the high-frequency transient simulation model of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step 4), the closing speed is not completely equal but remains within the allowable variation range of the equipment in each test, so the closing speed is averaged, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein k is 1,2, 3; i is 1,2, 3; n is the number of times of each group of tests; v. ofkIs the closing speed of each test; d is the contact gap distance; t is tkThe closing time of each test is; v. ofiThe switching-on speed of each group of tests is the average value of the switching-on speeds of the group of tests;
in step 5), the formula of the linear fit is as follows:
Ui＝ait+bi
where t is time, tikIs the time of each fitting point; u shapeiIs a voltage, UikIs the voltage at each fitting point; a isiFitting a proportionality coefficient for the voltage linearity; biLinearly fitting a constant to the voltage;
in step 6), the formula of the linear fit is as follows:
di/dti＝cit+di
wherein, di/dtiIs the frequency of change of current, di/dtikIs the current change frequency of each fitting point; c. CiLinearly fitting a scaling factor for the current frequency; diLinearly fitting a constant to the current frequency;
in the step 7), parameters for calculating the dielectric strength and the high-frequency current arc quenching capacity of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker are obtained by processing the linear fitting data in the steps 5) and 6):
a. dielectric strength
Dielectric strength U of vacuum circuit breaker at different momentsbThe calculation formula is as follows:
Ub＝Ublimit-A(t-tclose)-B
wherein, UblimitThe ultimate dielectric strength of the vacuum circuit breaker is related to the dielectric material between the contacts of the circuit breaker; a is closing speed; t is the current simulation time; t is tcloseStarting the action time of the contact of the circuit breaker; b is a dielectric strength constant;
b. high frequency current arc quenching capability
And (3) taking the critical value of the current change rate di/dt as the high-frequency current arc quenching capability, and adopting a first-order polynomial expression:
di/dt＝C(t-tclose)+D
wherein C is the rising proportion of the high-frequency current arc quenching capability; d is the high-frequency current arc quenching capacity when the contact starts to be switched on;
thus, the closing speed measurement
Next, the closing parameters of the spring-operated vacuum circuit breaker are as follows:
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