CN107290591A - A kind of resistivity test device of vertical liquid - Google Patents

A kind of resistivity test device of vertical liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107290591A
CN107290591A CN201610199838.7A CN201610199838A CN107290591A CN 107290591 A CN107290591 A CN 107290591A CN 201610199838 A CN201610199838 A CN 201610199838A CN 107290591 A CN107290591 A CN 107290591A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
electrode
liquid
measurement
resistivity
container
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CN201610199838.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王薇
郭风祥
唐建国
王瑶
田学雷
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Qingdao University
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Qingdao University
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Priority to CN201610199838.7A priority Critical patent/CN107290591A/en
Publication of CN107290591A publication Critical patent/CN107290591A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/08Measuring resistance by measuring both voltage and current
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/22Measuring resistance of fluids

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of resistivity test device of vertical liquid, it is characterised in that using insulating materials such as quartz ampoule, ceramics as covering material, coats the inert conductors such as tungsten filament, graphite bars and is used as electrode;Four jacketed electrodes are fixed together to form electrode group, and be connected respectively with current source, potentiometer, by the use of special-shaped quartz tube or an end closure of other non-conducting materials the straight tubule of length as liquid container, the vertical direction of container is ensured by the design and positioning fixture at container closure end, so as to ensure the precision of the resistivity measurement of liquid.The present invention's is simple in construction, and cost is low, easy to operate, and measurement accuracy is high, wide adaptability, portable strong, can effectively meet high-temperature metal, fused salt, seawater, the resistivity measurement requirement of the harsh liquid of severe corrosive, high oxidative, condition such as conducting polymer.

Description

A kind of resistivity test device of vertical liquid
Technical field
The present invention relates to material tests and instrument and meter industry, specifically, the present invention is to carry out high temperature, corrosivity, Asia The device and technical method of the resistivity properties test of the liquid existed under the harsh conditions such as stable state.
Background technology
Resistivity be characterize liquid metal, fused salt, seawater, glassy metal, conducting polymer, the property of sewage, structure with The important physical parameter of state.But, because the existence condition of these liquid is harsher, and there is stronger corrosivity, with There is stronger interaction in common electrode material, test device, cause pollution sample, damage sample so that test result It is undesirable.Conventional resistivity measurement method is contact type measurement, compared with non-cpntact measurement, high with precision, good reliability, The advantage such as equipment is simple.
Conventional resistivity test device is the liquid container of horizontal positioned, and according to Ohm's law, container needs larger Size, could ensure the precision of measurement.On the one hand, the test container of high temperature fluent metal etc., by bars such as burner hearth, protective atmospheres The limitation of part;On the other hand, under condition of negative pressure, still there is sample and be difficult to inject in the liquid container of horizontal positioned, gas Bubble is difficult to empty, the technical barrier such as electrode is difficult to arrange.The measurement apparatus arranged vertically has sectional dimension smaller and stably may be used Control, stability are higher, and sample injection and electrode placement operations are convenient, are not likely to produce bubble, the advantage such as measuring accuracy height;But it is relative Horizontally disposed test device, the device arranged vertically generally operate it is complex, demarcation flow it is cumbersome.
The present invention proposes that a kind of straight tubule of length by the use of an end closure, as container, is encapsulated conductive using thin-walled quartz socket tube Material is as electrode, for the device of the resistivity high-acruracy survey of liquid, with the advantage such as simple in construction, easy to operate, and Continuous measurement can be realized and become temperature measurement.
[patent:201010032433.7] a kind of Quick detection device for resistivity of molten metals and detection method are proposed, should System uses the working method of negative pressure, melt is sucked into quartziferous pair of test cylinder, the system is used reliably, but current loop It is complex, so as to influence measurement accuracy to a certain extent.[patent:201210244182.8] propose a kind of single conductance cell High-precision seawater salinity gauge, facility compact, stability is good, measurement accuracy is high, easy to operate, automaticity is high, and A kind of conductive pool structure of cuboid is proposed, but the patent is not provided to the concrete structure parameter of the conductance cell of key structure Clear and definite patent requirements, and the invention is dfficult to apply to high-temperature metal, the resistivity measurement of the system such as fused salt.[patent: 201010508948.X] a kind of concentric ring electrode of invention and coaxial spiral line spiral liquid runner, be conductivity measurement Area between larger electrode is provided, so as to improve the measurement accuracy of electrical conductivity;The device is particularly suitable for the liquid electric of low conductivity The measurement of conductance, but high conductance is directed to, high viscosity, the fused salt of poor fluidity etc. is difficult to meet measurement request.Patent [application number: 201110456218.4] a kind of Multipurpose induction conductivity measuring electrode is proposed, the electrode is by metal shell and provides at it On the composition such as insulation numerical value disk, electrode retaining collar, shading ring, the noncontact that resistivity is carried out by the way of electromagnetic induction surveyed Amount, is a kind of non-contacting measurement apparatus.Patent [application number:201120405940.0] propose a kind of new absolute method conductance Conductance cell locating support is used in rate measurement, and the measurement apparatus that the device is arranged horizontally, floor space is larger, it is difficult to meet higher temperatures The measurement of liquid resistivity under degree.Patent [application number:201310277221.9] propose a kind of solution and high-temperature fusant conductance The absolute method of measurement and device of rate, the device measure the electrical conductivity of conducting liquid, knot using direct-current bridge with capillary effect Structure is ingenious, but the surface tension of the liquid in capillary can have a certain impact to measurement result tool.Patent [application number: 201410617707.7] a kind of Combined resistance rate measuring system and the method with its measured resistivity are proposed, the device is main For the resistivity measurement of mud, container, electrode size it is big, prepare for sample and the requirement of energy resource consumption be higher, it is difficult to Meet the fused salt of higher-value and the resistivity measurement of metal.
The content of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of resistivity test device of vertical liquid, the inert electrode of coated insulation material is utilized Measured with long straight tubule as liquid container with the vertical high precision for realizing liquid resistivity.Compared with prior art, it is of the invention Advantage and good effect be:The resistivity test device of liquid of the present invention, the electricity using surface with inert material Pole group, it is to avoid the short circuit of traditional four electrode, simplifies the structure of measurement apparatus, the length using the sectional uniform placed vertically is straight Tubule, it is to avoid the residual of bubble, eliminates the page caused by temperature change and lifts influence to measurement result, realize liquid The high-acruracy survey of resistivity.The present invention is by simple device structure, relatively low measurement cost, the less burner hearth of diameter, i.e., The high-acruracy survey of the resistivity of seawater, fused salt, metal liquid, solution etc. can be realized, promotes physics, testing of materials, change Learn the development in the field such as chemical industry and quality testing.
Brief description of the drawings
The measurement apparatus structural representation of liquid resistivity vertical Fig. 1.In figure, 1 liquid container, 2 twin shaft locating clips Encapsulated electrode and 5 electrode group fixing devices that tool, 3 inert conductors and 4 insulative potting materials are constituted.
The electrode structure schematic diagram of Fig. 2 coated insulation materials.
The structure chart for the electrode group that Fig. 3 is made up of four encapsulated electrodes.
Fig. 4 liquid Pbs50Sb50The resistivity measurement temperature relation of alloy at high temperature.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described in further detail with reference to embodiment.
A kind of measurement apparatus of vertical liquid resistivity, referring to accompanying drawing 1, the present invention includes:Liquid container 1, twin shaft is fixed The electrode group for encapsulated electrode a, b, c, d composition that position fixture 2, inert conductor 3 and insulative potting material 4 are constituted, electrode group is fixed Device 5, electrode a, d are connected with current source, and electrode a, b are connected with potentiometer, electrode group and tested conducting liquid and potentiometer, electricity Stream source constitutes measuring loop, and concrete operations are as follows.
The cleaning of electrode and measurement container is carried out using ethanol, and is dried using drier etc., slide measure is utilized Measure the internal diameter D of liquid container, the vertical range H of vessel port to container bottom inwall.
Testing liquid is added in liquid container, and measurement container is slightly shaken, by what is remained in testing liquid Removal of bubbles, so as to reduce due to changes of section caused by bubble disturbance and prevent between aeration electrode and testing liquid Contact.
The transverse plane of twin shaft positioning fixture 2 and liquid container coordinates, and the test container for filling testing liquid is maintained at into perpendicular Nogata to.
Assemble electrode group, and measure dimensional parameters, the external diameter Φ of coated insulation material, electrode b, c measurement end it is vertical between Away from L.
The clear and definite electrode group of parameter is slowly inserted in testing liquid, and measurement container is slightly shaken, is introduced into Removal of bubbles in testing liquid, thus reduce due to bubble disturbance caused by changes of section and prevent aeration electrode with Contact between testing liquid, and measuring electrode a measurement end and the horizontal range l of bottom center.
Protection gas is constantly passed through into liquid receptacle, and container is placed in the cool-bag at required temperature about 30min, until the uniform temperature fields of liquid and reaching required temperature.
By electrode a in electrode group, d terminals are connected with current source respectively, electrode b, c terminals respectively with voltage Meter is connected, and constitutes complete path, obtains current value I.
During constant-current source connects electrode b, c, using inverter, the sense of current conversion of constant-current source is realized, from And the contact potential between electrode and testing liquid is reduced, obtain high-precision magnitude of voltage U.
The calculating of resistivity:, the ρ of conductivityσ=1/.
Embodiment 1:Liquid Pb is measured with following steps50Sb50The resistivity measurement of alloy at high temperature.
The cleaning of electrode and measurement container is carried out using ethanol, and is dried using drier etc., slide measure is utilized Measure internal diameter D=1.81cm of liquid container, vertical range H=34.8cm of vessel port to container bottom inwall.
By Pb50Sb50Alloy block adds liquid container, is passed through protective gas, until resistivity measurement terminates, by Pb50Sb50 Alloy block and liquid container, which are placed under hot conditions, makes it melt as liquid.
Measurement container is slightly shaken, by the removal of bubbles remained in testing liquid.
The transverse plane of positioning fixture 2 and liquid container is coordinated, the test container for filling testing liquid is maintained at vertical Direction.
Electrode group is assembled, and measures dimensional parameters, coated insulation material is external diameter Φ=2.82mm of quartz ampoule, using tungsten Silk is used as electrode conductor, vertical interval L=12.376cm of measuring electrode b, c measurement end.
The clear and definite electrode group of parameter is slowly inserted in liquid alloy to be measured, and measurement container slightly shaken, electricity After pole position is stable, and measuring electrode a measurement end and horizontal range l=3.10cm of bottom center.
Protection gas is constantly passed through into liquid receptacle, and container is placed in the cool-bag at required temperature about 30min, until the uniform temperature fields of liquid and reaching required temperature.
By electrode a in electrode group, d terminals are connected with current source respectively, constitute complete current path, obtain electricity Flow I=0.54732 ampere.
B, c, 550 degrees Celsius of high-precision magnitude of voltage U of acquisition of potentiometer connection electrode=2.69E-04 volts.
The calculating of resistivity:, under different temperatures, The result of resistance alloys rate is as shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment 2:Resistivity measurement of the melting zinc chloride under 450 degrees Celsius is measured with following steps.
The cleaning of electrode and measurement container is carried out using ethanol, and is dried using drier etc., slide measure is utilized The internal diameter D for measuring liquid container is 12.60mm, vertical range H=14.802cm of vessel port to container bottom inwall.
Zinc chloride powder block is added into liquid container, protective gas is passed through, until resistivity measurement terminates, by enough powder End and liquid container, which are placed under hot conditions, makes it melt as liquid.
Measurement container is slightly shaken, the bubble remained in testing liquid, vapor are discharged.
The transverse plane of positioning fixture 2 and liquid container is coordinated, the test container for filling testing liquid is maintained at vertical Direction.
Electrode group dimensional parameters are measured, coated insulation material is external diameter Φ=2.80cm of quartz ampoule, and electricity is used as using tungsten filament Pole conductor, vertical interval L=36.61mm of measuring electrode b, c measurement end.
The clear and definite electrode group of parameter is slowly inserted in liquid alloy to be measured, and measurement container slightly shaken, electricity After pole position is stable, and measuring electrode a measurement end and horizontal range l=2.10cm of bottom center.
Protection gas is constantly passed through into liquid receptacle, and container is placed in the cool-bag at required temperature about 20min, until the uniform temperature fields of liquid and reaching required temperature.
By electrode a in electrode group, d terminals are connected with current source respectively, constitute complete current path, obtain electricity Flow I=9.75E-05 peaces.
Potentiometer connects electrode b, c, and it is 6.36E-02 volts to obtain high-precision magnitude of voltage U.
The calculating of resistivity:, it is 238.06 Ω Cm, the ρ of conductivityσ=1/, is 4.2 E-03 (Ω cm)-1
Embodiment 3:Resistivity of the NaCl saturated solutions at 25 DEG C is measured with following steps.
The cleaning of electrode and measurement container is carried out using ethanol, and is dried using drier etc., slide measure is utilized Measure internal diameter D=18.12mm of liquid container, vertical range H=34.80cm of vessel port to container bottom inwall.
Saturation NaCl solution is added into liquid container.
Measurement container is slightly shaken, the bubble remained in testing liquid, vapor are discharged.
The transverse plane of positioning fixture 2 and liquid container is coordinated, the test container for filling testing liquid is maintained at vertical Direction.
Electrode group dimensional parameters are measured, coated insulation material is external diameter Φ=2.80mm of quartz ampoule, and electricity is used as using tungsten filament Pole conductor, vertical interval L=9.72cm of measuring electrode b, c measurement end.
The clear and definite electrode group of parameter is slowly inserted in liquid alloy to be measured, and measurement container slightly shaken, electricity After pole position is stable, and measuring electrode a measurement end and horizontal range l=3.08mm of bottom center.
Liquid container is placed in 25 degrees Celsius of water-bath 1 hour, makes the uniform temperature fields of liquid.
By electrode a in electrode group, d terminals are connected with current source respectively, constitute complete current path, obtain electricity Flow I=0.325 milliampere.
Potentiometer connects electrode b, c, obtains high-precision magnitude of voltage U=4.357E-03.
The calculating of resistivity:, it is 4.026 Ω cm, The ρ of conductivityσ=1/, is 0.2484 (Ω cm)-1
Above example is only several in several preferred embodiment of the invention, it is noted that the invention is not restricted to Above-described embodiment;For the person of ordinary skill of the art, still can be to the technical scheme described in previous embodiment Modify, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic;And these modifications or substitutions, do not make relevant art side The essence of case departs from the spirit and scope of claimed technical solution of the invention.

Claims (13)

1. a kind of measurement apparatus of vertical liquid resistivity, the measurement apparatus is characterized mainly in that:Insulating bag is used by four The electrode for covering inert conductor is fixed together to form electrode group, and the straight tubule of length by the use of an end closure passes through as the container of liquid Current source is connected to form complete dynamometry loop with electrode group respectively with potentiometer;Specifically, device is by liquid container 1, twin shaft The electrode group for encapsulated electrode a, b, c, d composition that positioning fixture 2, inert conductor 3 and insulative potting material 4 are constituted, electrode group is fixed Device 5, the current source being connected with electrode a, d, the potentiometer being connected with electrode a, b, electrode group and tested conducting liquid and potentiometer, electricity Stream source constitutes measuring loop;The resistivity of fluid to be measured sample can be obtained by Ohm's law,, D, L are respectively the internal diameter and length of liquid container measuring section, and U, I is respectively the voltage and electric current at tested sample two ends, and H is liquid Container open end is to the distance of sealing end, and l is that electrode a measurement end deviates the horizontal range at test tube center.
2. a kind of measurement apparatus of vertical liquid resistivity according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Using insulating materials The electrode of encapsulation, the electrode is the elongated rod shape electrode coated by insulating materials 21, and the electrode is applied using quartz ampoule, ceramics, insulation The insulating materials such as material, plastics are used as electrode material as covering material using the inert conductors such as tungsten filament, graphite bars, platinum filament, copper wire 22 Material, and insulating materials is coated conductor using modes such as sintering, spin coating, heating solidifications, the section of electrode can be arbitrary shape Shape, its sectional area δ is 0.01mm2To 5.0mm2, the end of electrode can also be connected with thin slice, bar, the conductor such as silk, insulation material The thickness for expecting clad is 0.01mm to 2.5mm, and suitable spacing is exposed at electrode two ends respectively, wherein the measurement end contacted with liquid Electrode exposed length m is 0.1-1.0mm, and the lead end exposed length n connected with ammeter, voltmeter is 1.0mm-50mm.
3. the processing method of the electrode of use insulating materials encapsulation according to claim 2:Insulation-encapsulated process is mainly, The encapsulation of conductive electrode is carried out using insulating materials such as fine quartz pipes;Electrode is protruded into suitable distance m at insulating materials encapsulation to enter Row heat-seal, to prevent fluid to be measured from entering the gap between quartz socket tube and electrode, encapsulated electrode is down to after ambient temperature, profit Electrode surface and its end of prominent insulating barrier are handled with modes such as mechanical grinding, pickling, removes remnants insulating barrier, it is ensured that electricity Electric conductivity when pole is contacted with fluid to be measured.
4. a kind of key feature of the measurement apparatus of vertical liquid resistivity according to claim 1 is:By four The electrode group of encapsulated electrode composition, the electrode group is that 4 electrodes coated by insulating materials are made up of together fixed Combination , cross sectional shape and the dimensional parameters of every electrode can be selected arbitrarily under conditions of claim 2 and claim 3 is met Select;Ascending to the distance of liquid container sealing end according to electrode measurement end, four electrodes use a, b, c, d to represent successively, electricity The parameter area of pole group is b, and contact jaw is 20mm-150mm apart from L between c, on the one hand ensures measurement accuracy, on the other hand Reduce the consumption of liquid;The spacing l of a, b contact jawabFor 3.0mm-20.0mm, c, the spacing l between dcdFor 3.0mm- 20.0mm;The dimensional parameters and relative position of electrode group keep constant in the measurement process of resistivity, this right it is all Spacing be along electrode axial direction numerical value.
5. it is by four measurement end encapsulated electrodes with good conductivity, full according to the manufacture method of electrode group in claim 4 In sufficient claim 1, claim 2 and claim 3 on the premise of size requirement, misplace suitable distance successively vertically, and It is fixed and is obtained using the fixed material 31 such as molybdenum filament, it is ensured that the dimensional parameters of electrode does not change in test process, improve The precision of resistivity measurement.
6. can be polymer according to the fixation material of electrode group in claim 4, resin, natural fiber, Metal and Alloy etc. Silk, band or other fasteners that material is made, fastening form include bonding, binding, clamping, cutting ferrule etc., it would however also be possible to employ carry The composite fastener pattern of guide-localization effect.
7. a kind of measurement apparatus of vertical liquid resistivity according to claim 1, is primarily characterized in that:Electrode group Simple circuit is constituted in measurement process;After measuring loop is formed, testing liquid need to submerge electrode a, b, c, d, and electrode a, d Current source is respectively connected to, b, c is respectively connected to potentiometer;The mode commutated by using electric current, eliminate electrode and testing liquid it Between contact potential, so as to reduce influence of the contact potential to measurements resistivity.
8. a kind of measurement apparatus of vertical liquid resistivity according to claim 1, is primarily characterized in that:Test fluid The liquid container that body resistivity is used is the long straight tube of an end closure, and the sealing end outer surface of the long straight tube is a facet, Inner surface smoothly transits, to improve the stability of liquid container and prevent the generation of bubble;The material of container can be quartz, glass Glass, ceramic, the non-conductor such as polymer, size characteristic has identical section for the measuring section between electrode b, c measurement end Face shape and size, measuring section internal diameter D are 8mm-50mm, and material can be according to temperature, the physicochemical properties for measuring liquid etc. Selected.
9. a kind of measurement apparatus of vertical liquid resistivity according to claim 1, is primarily characterized in that:With fixed Position fixture, and utilize the cooperation of positioning fixture and the horizontal bottom of container, it is ensured that the vertical arrangement of measurement container.
10. a kind of measurement apparatus of vertical liquid resistivity according to claim 1, is primarily characterized in that:Can be with Increase gas shield device for the device, place the oxidation of sample.
11. a kind of measurement apparatus of vertical liquid resistivity according to claim 1, is primarily characterized in that:Can be with Measurement applied to the resistivity of the fluid systems such as liquid metal, fused salt, the aqueous solution, conducting polymer.
12. a kind of measurement apparatus of vertical liquid resistivity according to claim 1, is primarily characterized in that:The dress Putting can use cooperatively, obtain not with device and the thermocouple such as salt bath, water-bath, heating furnace, the temperature measuring equipment such as infrared radiation thermometer Precise resistances rate under synthermal.
13. the principle of the present invention is Ohm's law, by controlling the constant electricity of the constant cross-section and structural parameters of test container Pole group, realizes the accurate measurement of resistivity and electrical conductivity.
CN201610199838.7A 2016-04-04 2016-04-04 A kind of resistivity test device of vertical liquid Pending CN107290591A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109142462A (en) * 2018-06-22 2019-01-04 思贝科斯(北京)科技有限公司 Conducting probe and its manufacturing method
CN110133056A (en) * 2019-05-30 2019-08-16 浙江大学 A kind of conductivity measurement system of highly conductive liquid
CN112147415A (en) * 2020-09-27 2020-12-29 中国科学院地球化学研究所 Method for measuring resistivity of metal iron sheet at high temperature and high pressure

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB922709A (en) * 1958-02-10 1963-04-03 Electronic Switchgear London L Improvements in or relating to liquid conductivity measuring cells
CN202710503U (en) * 2012-04-27 2013-01-30 国网电力科学研究院 Four-electrode electrical conductivity sensor
CN104407223A (en) * 2014-11-05 2015-03-11 贝兹维仪器(苏州)有限公司 Combined resistivity measurement system and method for measuring resistivity by using combined resistivity measurement system
CN104502708A (en) * 2014-11-05 2015-04-08 贝兹维仪器(苏州)有限公司 Electrical network electrode resistivity measurer
CN204631135U (en) * 2015-04-29 2015-09-09 浙江大学 A kind of aqueous solution conductivity detector

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB922709A (en) * 1958-02-10 1963-04-03 Electronic Switchgear London L Improvements in or relating to liquid conductivity measuring cells
CN202710503U (en) * 2012-04-27 2013-01-30 国网电力科学研究院 Four-electrode electrical conductivity sensor
CN104407223A (en) * 2014-11-05 2015-03-11 贝兹维仪器(苏州)有限公司 Combined resistivity measurement system and method for measuring resistivity by using combined resistivity measurement system
CN104502708A (en) * 2014-11-05 2015-04-08 贝兹维仪器(苏州)有限公司 Electrical network electrode resistivity measurer
CN204631135U (en) * 2015-04-29 2015-09-09 浙江大学 A kind of aqueous solution conductivity detector

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109142462A (en) * 2018-06-22 2019-01-04 思贝科斯(北京)科技有限公司 Conducting probe and its manufacturing method
CN110133056A (en) * 2019-05-30 2019-08-16 浙江大学 A kind of conductivity measurement system of highly conductive liquid
CN112147415A (en) * 2020-09-27 2020-12-29 中国科学院地球化学研究所 Method for measuring resistivity of metal iron sheet at high temperature and high pressure

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Application publication date: 20171024