CN107290224A - Microwave heating equipment and experimental method for true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment - Google Patents
Microwave heating equipment and experimental method for true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment Download PDFInfo
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- CN107290224A CN107290224A CN201710663713.XA CN201710663713A CN107290224A CN 107290224 A CN107290224 A CN 107290224A CN 201710663713 A CN201710663713 A CN 201710663713A CN 107290224 A CN107290224 A CN 107290224A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
- G01N2203/0064—Initiation of crack
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
- G01N2203/0066—Propagation of crack
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0658—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using acoustic or ultrasonic detectors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of microwave heating equipment and experimental method for true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment, the present invention microwave heating equipment include three axle presser units, microwave heating unit, fracturing fluid injection unit, acoustic emission monitor, temperature monitoring unit and control and signal gathering unit：Present invention incorporates microwave heating equipment and hydraulic fracturing equipment, avoid in existing experimental facilities, due to the missing of simulated ground stress in connection procedure, caused by experiment test block property change, preferably simulation rock expansion and contraction confrontation fracturing effect influence；It can monitor under the conditions of simulated ground stress, the situation of test block expanded by heating is tested when microwave is heated；The affecting laws of the parameter fracture crack initiation such as temperature difference and perforating condition of crustal stress condition, heating-up temperature, test block and fracturing fluid and extension can be investigated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil-gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing and microwave heat study field, more particularly to a kind of true triaxial waterpower pressure
The microwave heating equipment and experimental method of simulated experiment are split, to monitor the property that the rock under the conditions of simulated ground stress expands with heat and contract with cold
Verify and improve the effect of fracturing effect, and investigate the temperature difference and perforation of crustal stress condition, heating-up temperature, test block and fracturing fluid
The parameter fracture crack initiation such as condition and the affecting laws of extension.
Background technology
With economic fast development, national demand for energy is constantly lifted.Hydraulic fracturing technology, is oil-gas reservoir exploitation
During commonly use well stimulation.Utilize hydraulic fracturing technology, it is possible to increase the intrinsic fracture of reservoir of oil and gas, formation are manually split
Connectedness between seam, enhancing crack, improves the permeability of reservoir of oil and gas.Meanwhile, the property expanded with heat and contract with cold using rock can
The efficiency of hydraulic fracturing is improved, is conducive to the formation of fracture network.
Microwave heating technique is compared with the conventional heating techniques such as conduction, convection current, and with instantaneous heating, thermal losses is small and grasps
The features such as making to facilitate.Microwave heating process, is a heating medium inside and outside while the process for heating, heating up.Therefore, it is heated
In journey and in the absence of thermograde, medium heating quality and the efficiency of heating surface are substantially increased.Meanwhile, its characteristic for being plus stopping has
Beneficial to the production of Automated condtrol.
In past research, the effect of crustal stress is not considered during heating reservoir of oil and gas, it tests knot
Fruit often with the gap of the heating state in true stratum.Meanwhile, existing apparatus fails reservoir of oil and gas heating and waterpower
The process of pressure break is linked up, it is impossible to effectively simulate the work of the property expanded with heat and contract with cold to underground reservoir of oil and gas hydraulic fracturing
With.Therefore, design can be by the experimental provision that reservoir of oil and gas is heated and hydraulic fracturing is combined, to simulation underground oil and gas reservoir
The effect of rock expansion and contraction property is significant in expanded by heating and fracturing process.
Therefore, it is necessary first to the feelings such as crustal stress condition, fracture initiation and extension to mining area's oil-gas reservoir reservoir disposal area
Condition has been investigated.Simultaneously, it is contemplated that the harmfulness of microwave from leakage, in experimental provision before use, must be to carrying out microwave device control
The region of system carries out microwave leakage detection, with " every square centimeter to be no more than 5 milliwatts " for standard.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is monitored under the conditions of simulated ground stress, and rock expansion and contraction, which is verified, improves hydraulic fracturing effect
The effect of fruit, and the influence of the parameter fracture crack initiation such as different temperatures, the temperature difference and perforating condition and extension is observed, provided for this
A kind of microwave heating equipment and experimental method for true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment.
The microwave heating equipment of the true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment of the present invention, including three axle presser units, microwave add
Hot cell, fracturing fluid injection unit, acoustic emission monitor, temperature monitoring unit and control and signal gathering unit：
The three axles presser unit include four fixing axles, eight bolts, pressure break room main frames, promote platform, three load plates,
One rear baffle, X are to triple valve, Y-direction triple valve, Z-direction triple valve, X to pressure sensor, Y-direction pressure sensor, Z-direction pressure
Sensor, X are to press cylinder, Y-direction press cylinder, Z-direction press cylinder, two X to discharging hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic station；
Wherein, Y-direction press cylinder, Z-direction press cylinder are fixed on the main frame of pressure break room by sunk screw；X to
Press cylinder carries out thread seal by four fixing axles and eight bolts with pressure break room main frame and is connected；Platform is promoted by being glued
Connected mode, is simultaneously connected with X to the base of press cylinder, is simultaneously connected with pressure break room main frame, and heavy with sample chamber base
Close, enter sample chamber to push experiment test block；X is fixed on the main frame of pressure break room to material returned oil cylinder by sunk screw；X is to adding
Pressure cylinder, Y-direction press cylinder, the hydraulic rod end of Z-direction press cylinder are connected with load plate respectively, and connected mode is heavy
Head mode connects for screw；In the X direction, rear baffle is placed with sample chamber, and is passed through with the hydraulic rod end of two X to discharging hydraulic cylinders
Sunk screw is connected；
X is to press cylinder, Y-direction press cylinder and Z-direction press cylinder oil inlet junction, respectively with X to threeway
Valve, Y-direction triple valve and the threaded connection of Z-direction triple valve are divided into two-way, all the way respectively with X to pressure sensor, Y-direction pressure sensor
Connected with Z-direction pressure sensor by thread seal, pressure information is passed into control and signal gathering unit；Another road difference
It is connected with hydraulic oil transport pipeline, connected mode is threadedly coupled for hex union；X is to material returned hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic oil transport pipeline
Connection, connected mode is threadedly coupled for hex union；
Hydraulic station includes hydraulic valve combination, pump installation, fuel tank, pressure controller and bladder type hydropneumatic accumulator, is transported with hydraulic oil
Pipeline connection is to provide hydraulic power source, and connected mode is threadedly coupled for hex union；
The microwave heating unit includes microwave generating apparatus, waveguide and microwave antenna；The microwave generating apparatus can
Within the specific limits, the frequency and power of regulation microwave；The microwave antenna is fixed in the base of three axle pressurizing units,
Microwave antenna is located at the lower section of pressure break sample chamber；The waveguide is connected with microwave antenna, and it is single that waveguide is fixed on the pressurization of three axles
In the base of element apparatus；
The fracturing fluid injection unit includes one-way hydraulic cylinder, fracturing fluid pumping control system and fracturing fluid pipeline, controllable
The pressure and speed of fracturing fluid pumping processed；The fracturing fluid pipeline passes through preceding hex bolts and rear hex bolts, preceding hex bolts
It is connected with analog casing fixed in experiment test block by carrying out thread seal, rear hex bolts passes through screw thread with pressure break room main frame
It is tightly connected, prevents microwave from leakage；
The acoustic emission monitor is included by being glued the acoustic emission sensor being connected with four apexes of load plate, sound
Emission sensor transmission line is stretched out from the notch after load plate, and acoustic emission sensor transmission line is fixed in fixed -piping；
On Y, Z-direction, fixed -piping one end is connected through a screw thread with pressure break room main frame, and the other end can fixed transmission lines；Fixed -piping material
Matter belongs to microwave reflecting material；
The temperature monitoring unit is included by being glued the temperature sensor being connected with load plate center, temperature sensor
Transmission line stretches out and is fixed in fixed -piping from the notch after load plate；
The control and signal gathering unit are connected with pressure sensor transmission line, are gathered simulated ground stress value and are shown in
In display device；Control and signal gathering unit are connected with hydraulic station by signal transmssion line, using thirdly axle pressurized control is filled
Put the triaxial stress size that can directly control to apply；Control and signal gathering unit are connected with acoustic emission sensor transmission line, interior
The Acoustic emission signal processing device put handles acoustic emission signal and shown on the display apparatus；Control and signal gathering unit and pressure
Split liquid injection unit to connect by signal transmssion line, collection fracturing fluid pumping information is simultaneously shown on the display apparatus；Control and letter
Number collecting unit is connected with temperature sensor transmission line, and monitoring experiment test block heating real time information is simultaneously shown on the display apparatus；
It is preferred that, pressure break room main frame is in addition to the sample chamber bottom material directly over microwave antenna, and remaining material belongs to micro-
Wave reflection material；Load plate, rear baffle, rear hex bolts, fixed -piping, X are to press cylinder, Y-direction press cylinder, Z-direction
Press cylinder, two X belong to cylinder body from microwave reflecting material to discharging hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic stem；Acoustic emission sensor and temperature
Sensor high temperature resistant is spent, the couplant high temperature resistant of use facilitates and sensitive measures signal.
The experimental method of the microwave heating equipment of the true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
Step 1: calculating microwave frequency λ：Measure the permittivity ε of the oil-gas reservoir reservoir rock sample collected ' and dielectric loss
Factor ε ", on the basis of the size of the test block, calculates microwave frequency λ, L between experiment test block upper bottom surface and microwave antenna away from
From：
Step 2: making experiment test block：Drilled reaming section and bore hole pressure in the oil-gas reservoir reservoir rock sample center of collection
Section is split, and inserts analog casing, and it centered on, the experiment test block that size is 200*200*200mm is made in casting concrete；
Step 3: experiment test block is in place：To it is obtained experiment test block on analog casing in water filling emptying air, by its with
Fracturing fluid pipeline is connected；High temperature resistant couplant is smeared on acoustic emission sensor face in the X, Y, Z direction preferably to measure
Acoustic emission signal, and using X to press cylinder by the sample chamber for testing test block push-in pressure break room main frame, while by rear hexagonal
Bolt is connected with pressure break room main frame；
Step 4: triaxial pressure is loaded：Start control and signal gathering unit, three are controlled using three axle pressurized control devices
Axle pressure-loaded, until reaching the simulated ground stress value of setting；
Step 5: microwave is heated：Microwave generating apparatus is opened, is heated in fact with the microwave frequency λ obtained by being calculated in step one
Test test block, the acoustic emission signal waveform of observation acoustic emission monitor collection；When the temperature in display device reaches design temperature
When, close microwave generating apparatus；
Step 6: carrying out hydraulic fracturing：Pressure break liquid pump system is opened, the pumping pressure by setting or pumping with a fixed displacement
Speed pumps fracturing fluid to experiment test block；Acoustic emission signal in fracturing process, observation sound are gathered by acoustic emission monitor
Transmission signal waveform changes；Observe the Hydraulic fracturing pressure curve and X, Y, Z triaxial pressure curve in display device；When waterpower pressure
When split pressure value and triaxial pressure value zero, hydraulic fracturing process terminates；
Step 7: taking out experiment test block：The pressure for controlling X, Y, Z-direction using three axle pressurized control devices is progressively reduced until
Zero, X removes sample chamber to the hydraulic stem of press cylinder, and control X will test test block to discharging hydraulic cylinder and rear baffle and release；
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
The microwave heating equipment and experimental method for the true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment that the present invention is provided, compared to existing skill
Art, combine microwave heating equipment and hydraulic fracturing equipment, it is to avoid in existing experimental facilities, due to being simulated in connection procedure
The missing of crustal stress, caused by test test block property change, preferably simulation rock expansion and contraction confrontation hydraulic fracturing
The influence of effect；It can monitor under the conditions of simulated ground stress, the situation of test block expanded by heating is tested when microwave is heated；It can investigate ground
The influence of the parameter fracture crack initiation such as stress condition, heating-up temperature, the temperature difference and perforating condition of test block and fracturing fluid and extension is advised
Rule.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the analogue experiment installation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the dimensional structure diagram of the three axle presser units of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structure sectional view of the three axle presser units of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the load plate semi-section structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the acoustic emission sensor and temperature sensor transmission structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is experiment test block structural representation in the present invention.
In figure：1. microwave generating apparatus；2. waveguide；3. microwave antenna；4. hydraulic station；5. fuel tank；6. bladder type hydropneumatic accumulator；
7. hydraulic valve is combined；8. pump installation；9. pressure controller；10.X is to press cylinder；11.Y is to press cylinder；12.Z is to adding
Pressure cylinder；13.X is to material returned hydraulic cylinder；14. bolt；15. fixing axle；16. promote platform；17. pressure break room main frame；18. sample
Room；9.X is to pressure sensor；20.Y is to pressure sensor；21.Z is to pressure sensor；22.X is to triple valve；23.Y is to threeway
Valve；24.Z is to triple valve；25. load plate；26. fracturing fluid pipeline；27. before hex bolts；28. after hex bolts；29. hydraulic oil
Transport pipeline；30. fracturing fluid pumping control system；31. one-way hydraulic cylinder；32. signal transmssion line；33. fixed -piping；34. sound
Emission sensor transmission line；35. temperature sensor transmission line；36. pressure sensor transmission line；37. display device；38. three axles
Pressurized control device；39. Acoustic emission signal processing device；301. rear baffle；401. acoustic emission sensor；402. TEMP
Device；403. notch；601. experiment test blocks；602. bore hole fracturing sections；603. reamings section；604. analog casing.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, a kind of true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment of the present invention it is micro-
Wave heating device, including three axle presser units, microwave heating unit, fracturing fluid injection unit, acoustic emission monitor, temperature prison
Survey unit and control and signal gathering unit：
The three axles presser unit includes four fixing axles 15, eight bolts 14, pressure break room main frame 17, propulsion platforms 16, three
Individual load plate 25, rear baffle 301, X are to triple valve 22, Y-direction triple valve 23, Z-direction triple valve 24, X to pressure sensor 19, Y-direction
Pressure sensor 20, Z-direction pressure sensor 21, X to press cylinder 10, Y-direction press cylinder 11, Z-direction press cylinder 12,
Two X are to discharging hydraulic cylinder 13 and hydraulic station 4；
Wherein, Y-direction press cylinder 11, Z-direction press cylinder 12 are fixed on pressure break room main frame 17 by sunk screw
On；X carries out thread seal by four fixing axles 15 and eight bolts 14 with pressure break room main frame 17 to press cylinder 10 and is connected；
Promote platform 16 by being glued connected mode, simultaneously the base with X to press cylinder 10 is connected, and is simultaneously connected with pressure break room main frame 17
Connect, and with the base coincident of sample chamber 18, so as to push experiment test block enter sample chamber 18；X passes through countersunk head spiral shell to material returned oil cylinder 13
Nail is fixed on pressure break room main frame 17；X to press cylinder 10, Y-direction press cylinder 11, Z-direction press cylinder 12 hydraulic pressure
Boom end is connected with load plate 25 respectively, and connected mode connects for sunk screw；In the X direction, it is placed with rear baffle in sample chamber
301, and be connected with the hydraulic rod end of two X to discharging hydraulic cylinders 13 by sunk screw；
X is to press cylinder 10, Y-direction press cylinder 11 and the oil inlet junction of Z-direction press cylinder 12, respectively with X
It is divided into two-way to the threaded connection of triple valve 22, Y-direction triple valve 23 and Z-direction triple valve 24, all the way respectively with X to pressure sensor
19th, Y-direction pressure sensor 20 and Z-direction pressure sensor 21 are connected by thread seal, and pressure information is passed into control and believed
Number collecting unit；Another road is connected with hydraulic oil transport pipeline 29 respectively, and connected mode is threadedly coupled for hex union；X is to moving back
Feed liquid cylinder pressure 13 is connected with hydraulic oil transport pipeline 29, and connected mode is threadedly coupled for hex union；
Hydraulic station 4 includes hydraulic valve combination 7, pump installation 8, fuel tank 5, pressure controller 9 and bladder type hydropneumatic accumulator 6, with hydraulic pressure
Oily transport pipeline 29 is connected to provide hydraulic power source, and connected mode is threadedly coupled for hex union；
The microwave heating unit includes microwave generating apparatus 1, waveguide 2 and microwave antenna 3；The microwave generating apparatus
1 within the specific limits, can adjust the frequency and power of microwave；The microwave antenna 3 is fixed in the base of three axle presser units,
Microwave antenna 3 is located at the lower section of pressure break sample chamber；The waveguide 2 is connected with microwave antenna 3, and waveguide 2 is fixed on three axles and added
In the base for pressing unit；
The fracturing fluid injection unit includes one-way hydraulic cylinder 31, fracturing fluid pumping control system 30 and fracturing fluid pipeline
26, it can control the pressure and speed of fracturing fluid pumping；The fracturing fluid pipeline 26 passes through preceding hex bolts 27 and rear hex bolts
28, preceding hex bolts 27 is connected with analog casing 604 fixed in experiment test block 601 by carrying out thread seal, rear hexagonal spiral shell
Bolt 28 is connected with pressure break room main frame 17 by thread seal, prevents microwave from leakage；
The acoustic emission monitor is included by being glued the acoustic emission sensor being connected with four apexes of load plate
401, acoustic emission sensor transmission line 34 is stretched out from the notch 403 after load plate 25, and acoustic emission sensor transmission line 34 is fixed
In fixed -piping 33；In Y, Z-direction, the one end of fixed -piping 33 is connected through a screw thread with pressure break room main frame 17, fixed -piping
33 other end energy fixed transmission lines；The material of fixed -piping 33 belongs to microwave reflecting material；
The temperature monitoring unit is included by being glued the temperature sensor 402 being connected with load plate center, and temperature is passed
Sensor transmission line 35 stretches out and is fixed in fixed -piping 33 from the notch 403 after load plate 25；
The control and signal gathering unit are connected with pressure sensor transmission line 36, are gathered simulated ground stress value and are shown
In display device 37；Control and signal gathering unit are connected with hydraulic station 4 by signal transmssion line 32, using thirdly axle pressurizes
Control device 38 can directly control the triaxial stress size applied；Control and signal gathering unit and acoustic emission sensor transmission line
34 connections, built-in Acoustic emission signal processing device 39 handles acoustic emission signal and is shown in display device 37；Control and letter
Number collecting unit is connected with fracturing fluid injection unit by signal transmssion line 32, and collection fracturing fluid pumping information is simultaneously shown in display
On device 37；Control and signal gathering unit are connected with temperature sensor transmission line 35, monitoring experiment test block heating real time information
And be shown in display device 37；
It is preferred that, pressure break room main frame 17 is in addition to the bottom material of sample chamber 18 directly over microwave antenna 3, and remaining material belongs to
In microwave reflecting material；Load plate 25, rear baffle 301, rear hex bolts 28, fixed -piping 33, X are to press cylinder 10, Y-direction
Press cylinder 11, Z-direction press cylinder 12, two X belong to cylinder body from microwave reflection to discharging hydraulic cylinder 13 and hydraulic stem
Material；Acoustic emission sensor 401 and the high temperature resistant of temperature sensor 402, the couplant high temperature resistant of use facilitate and sensitive measure letter
Number.
The experimental method of the microwave heating equipment of the true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
Step 1: calculating microwave frequency λ：Measure the permittivity ε of the oil-gas reservoir reservoir rock sample collected ' and dielectric loss
Factor ε ", on the basis of the size of the test block, calculates microwave frequency λ, L between experiment test block upper bottom surface and microwave antenna away from
From：
Step 2: making experiment test block：Drilled reaming section 602 and bore hole in the oil-gas reservoir reservoir rock sample center of collection
Fracturing section 603, and analog casing 604 is inserted, and it centered on, it is 200*200*200mm's that size, which is made, in casting concrete
Test test block 601；
Step 3: experiment test block is in place：The water filling emptying air into the analog casing 604 in obtained experiment test block 601,
It is connected with fracturing fluid pipeline 26；On the face of acoustic emission sensor 401 in the X, Y, Z direction smear high temperature resistant couplant so as to
Acoustic emission signal is preferably measured, and will be tested in test block push-in sample chamber 18 to press cylinder 10 using X, while six by after
Corner bolt 28 is connected with pressure break room main frame 17；
Step 4: triaxial pressure is loaded：Start control and signal gathering unit, controlled using three axle pressurized control devices 38
Triaxial pressure is loaded, until reaching the simulated ground stress value of setting；
Step 5: microwave is heated：Microwave generating apparatus 1 is opened, is heated in fact with the microwave frequency λ obtained by being calculated in step one
Test test block, the acoustic emission signal waveform of observation acoustic emission monitor collection；When the temperature in display device 37 reaches setting temperature
When spending, microwave generating apparatus 1 is closed；
Step 6: carrying out hydraulic fracturing：Pressure break liquid pump system 30 is opened, with pumping pressure or pump of the fixed displacement by setting
Speed is sent to experiment test block pumping fracturing fluid；Acoustic emission signal in fracturing process, observation are gathered by acoustic emission monitor
Acoustic emission signal wave deformation；Observe the Hydraulic fracturing pressure curve and X, Y, Z triaxial pressure curve in display device 37；Work as water
When forcing split pressure value and triaxial pressure value zero, hydraulic fracturing process terminates；
Step 7: taking out experiment test block：The pressure for controlling X, Y, Z-direction using three axle pressurized control devices 38 is gradually decreased directly
To being zeroed, X removes sample chamber 18 to the hydraulic stem of press cylinder 10, and control X will be real to discharging hydraulic cylinder 13 and rear baffle 301
Test block 601 is tested to release.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of microwave heating equipment of true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment, it is characterised in that：Including three axle presser units, micro-
Wave heating unit, fracturing fluid injection unit, acoustic emission monitor, temperature monitoring unit and control and signal gathering unit：
The three axles presser unit includes four fixing axles (15), eight bolts (14), pressure break room main frame (17), propulsion platforms
(16), three load plates (25), rear baffle (301), X to triple valve (22), Y-direction triple valve (23), Z-direction triple valve (24), X to
Pressure sensor (19), Y-direction pressure sensor (20), Z-direction pressure sensor (21), X pressurize to press cylinder (10), Y-direction
Hydraulic cylinder (11), Z-direction press cylinder (12), two X are to discharging hydraulic cylinder (13) and hydraulic station (4)；
Y-direction press cylinder (11), Z-direction press cylinder (12) are fixed on pressure break room main frame (17) by sunk screw；X
To press cylinder (10) and pressure break room main frame (17) thread seal is carried out by four fixing axles (15) and eight bolts (14)
Connection；Promote platform (16) by being glued connected mode, simultaneously the base with X to press cylinder (10) is connected, simultaneously with pressure break
Room main frame (17) connect, and with sample chamber (18) base coincident, so as to push experiment test block enter sample chamber (18)；X is to the material returned
Oil cylinder (13) is fixed on pressure break room main frame (17) by sunk screw；X is to press cylinder (10), Y-direction press cylinder
(11), the hydraulic rod end of Z-direction press cylinder (12) is connected with load plate (25) respectively, and connected mode connects for sunk screw
Connect；In the X direction, rear baffle (301) is placed with sample chamber, and is led to two X to the hydraulic rod end of discharging hydraulic cylinder (13)
Cross sunk screw connection；
X to press cylinder (10), Y-direction press cylinder (11) and Z-direction press cylinder (12) oil inlet junction, respectively with
X is divided into two-way to the threaded connection of triple valve (22), Y-direction triple valve (23) and Z-direction triple valve (24), all the way respectively with X to pressure
Sensor (19), Y-direction pressure sensor (20) and Z-direction pressure sensor (21) are connected by thread seal, and pressure information is passed
Pass control and signal gathering unit；Another road is connected with hydraulic oil transport pipeline (29) respectively, and connected mode is hex union
Threaded connection；X is connected to material returned hydraulic cylinder (13) with hydraulic oil transport pipeline (29), and connected mode connects for hex union screw thread
Connect；
Hydraulic station (4) includes hydraulic valve combination (7), pump installation (8), fuel tank (5), pressure controller (9) and bladder type hydropneumatic accumulator
(6), it is connected with hydraulic oil transport pipeline (29) to provide hydraulic power source, connected mode is threadedly coupled for hex union；
The microwave heating unit includes microwave generating apparatus (1), waveguide (2) and microwave antenna (3)；Microwave antenna (3) is solid
In the base for being scheduled on three axle presser units, microwave antenna (3) is located at the lower section of pressure break sample chamber；Waveguide (2) and microwave antenna
(3) connect, waveguide (2) is fixed in the base of three axle presser units；
The fracturing fluid injection unit includes one-way hydraulic cylinder (31), fracturing fluid pumping control system (30) and fracturing fluid pipeline
(26) pressure and speed of fracturing fluid pumping, be can control；The fracturing fluid pipeline (26) passes through preceding hex bolts (27) and rear six
Corner bolt (28), preceding hex bolts (27) is with analog casing (604) fixed in experiment test block (601) by carrying out thread seal
Connection, rear hex bolts (28) is connected with pressure break room main frame (17) by thread seal；
The acoustic emission monitor is included by being glued the acoustic emission sensor (401) being connected with four apexes of load plate,
Acoustic emission sensor transmission line (34) stretches out from the notch (403) after load plate (25), acoustic emission sensor transmission line (34)
It is fixed in fixed -piping (33)；In Y, Z-direction, fixed -piping (33) one end is connected with pressure break room main frame (17) by screw thread
Connect, fixed -piping (33) other end energy fixed transmission lines；
The temperature monitoring unit is included by being glued the temperature sensor (402) being connected with load plate center, TEMP
Device transmission line (35) stretches out from the notch (403) after load plate (25) and is fixed in fixed -piping (33)；
The control and signal gathering unit are connected with pressure sensor transmission line (36), are gathered simulated ground stress value and are shown in
In display device (37)；Control and signal gathering unit are connected with hydraulic station (4) by signal transmssion line (32), using thirdly axle
Pressurized control device (38) can directly control the triaxial stress size applied；Control and signal gathering unit and acoustic emission sensor
Transmission line (34) is connected, and built-in Acoustic emission signal processing device (39) handles acoustic emission signal and is shown in display device (37)
On；Control and signal gathering unit are connected with fracturing fluid injection unit by signal transmssion line (32), collection fracturing fluid pumping letter
Cease and be shown in display device (37)；Control and signal gathering unit are connected with temperature sensor transmission line (35), and monitoring is real
Test test block heating real time information and be shown in display device (37).
2. a kind of microwave heating equipment of true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Described load plate (25), rear baffle (301), rear hex bolts (28), fixed -piping (33), X are to press cylinder (10), Y
To press cylinder (11), Z-direction press cylinder (12), cylinder body from two X to discharging hydraulic cylinder (13) and hydraulic stem be micro-
Wave reflection material.
3. the experimental method of the microwave heating equipment of true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment described in a kind of claim 1, including such as
Lower step：
Step 1: calculating microwave frequency λ：Measure the permittivity ε of the oil-gas reservoir reservoir rock sample collected ' and dielectric loss factor
ε ", on the basis of the size of the test block, it is the distance between experiment test block upper bottom surface and microwave antenna to calculate microwave frequency λ, L：
Step 2: making experiment test block：Drilled reaming section (602) and bore hole pressure in the oil-gas reservoir reservoir rock sample center of collection
Section (603) is split, and inserts analog casing (604), and it centered on, it is 200*200*200mm that size, which is made, in casting concrete
Experiment test block (601)；
Step 3: experiment test block is in place：The water filling emptying air into the analog casing (604) on obtained experiment test block (601),
It is connected with fracturing fluid pipeline (26)；High temperature resistant couplant is smeared on acoustic emission sensor (401) face in the X, Y, Z direction
Preferably to measure acoustic emission signal, and it will be tested using X to press cylinder (10) in test block push-in sample chamber (18), together
When rear hex bolts (28) is connected with pressure break room main frame (17)；
Step 4: triaxial pressure is loaded：Start control and signal gathering unit, three are controlled using three axle pressurized control devices (38)
Axle pressure-loaded, until reaching the simulated ground stress value of setting；
Step 5: microwave is heated：Microwave generating apparatus (1) is opened, with the microwave frequency λ Heating Experiments obtained by calculating in step one
Test block, the acoustic emission signal waveform of observation acoustic emission monitor collection；When the temperature in display device (37) reaches setting temperature
When spending, microwave generating apparatus (1) is closed；
Step 6: carrying out hydraulic fracturing：Pressure break liquid pump system (30) is opened, the pumping pressure by setting or pumping with a fixed displacement
Speed pumps fracturing fluid to experiment test block；Acoustic emission signal in fracturing process, observation sound are gathered by acoustic emission monitor
Transmission signal waveform changes；Observe the Hydraulic fracturing pressure curve and X, Y, Z triaxial pressure curve in display device (37)；Work as water
When forcing split pressure value and triaxial pressure value zero, hydraulic fracturing process terminates；
Step 7: taking out experiment test block：The pressure for controlling X, Y, Z-direction using three axle pressurized control devices (38) is progressively reduced until
Zero, X removes sample chamber (18) to the hydraulic stem of press cylinder (10), controls X to discharging hydraulic cylinder (13) and rear baffle
(301) experiment test block (601) is released.
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