CN107286970B - Tea residue smokeless carbon and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Tea residue smokeless carbon and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107286970B CN107286970B CN201610200484.3A CN201610200484A CN107286970B CN 107286970 B CN107286970 B CN 107286970B CN 201610200484 A CN201610200484 A CN 201610200484A CN 107286970 B CN107286970 B CN 107286970B
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- carbonization
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/02—Multi-step carbonising or coking processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
- C10B57/10—Drying
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
The invention discloses tea residue smokeless carbon and a preparation method thereof. The tea residue smokeless carbon not only solves the pollution problem, but also can furthest utilize wastes as resources. The smokeless tea residue carbon is environment-friendly, green, environment-friendly, safe, clean, tasteless, smokeless, nontoxic, safe to use, wide in application range, low in cost and high in social benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of tea leaves and tea products, in particular to a method for preparing smokeless carbon by using tea leaves and a product.
Background
Tea leaves are used as traditional drinks, are various in types and large in consumption, but most of used tea leaves (namely tea leaves) are discarded as household garbage, so that the environment is polluted, and resource waste is caused.
The planting area of tea leaves in China and even in the world is continuously enlarged, the yield is continuously increased, meanwhile, the demand of consumers for tea leaves is continuously increased, and the quantity of tea leaves generated is increased every year, so that the quantity of the tea leaves is increased more and more. At present, tea leaves are mainly treated in an incineration (ashing) mode, which causes great pressure to urban living environment and even causes serious pollution of air and water, and causes a series of environmental and ecological problems, such as aggravation of non-point source pollution of water, increase of air particulate matters, accumulation of pollutants in soil and the like.
If the tea leaves can be fully utilized, the tea leaves can be used for developing suitable products, so that waste can be changed into valuable, and natural resources can be fully utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide green, environment-friendly, smokeless, tasteless and nontoxic tea residue smokeless carbon prepared from tea residues serving as raw materials.
The water content of the tea leaves is 10wt% -16wt%, preferably 13wt% -16wt%, most preferably 14wt% -15 wt%.
The shape of the hollow glass is a quadrangular prism or a hexagonal prism with a through hole at the center.
The outer diameter of the tea residue smokeless carbon is 50-70mm, and the aperture of the central through hole is 15-20 mm.
The calorific value is more than 7500kcal/kg, and the burning time is more than 3 hours.
In a second aspect, the invention aims to provide a method for preparing the smokeless tea residue carbon, which comprises the steps of drying and forming tea residues, anaerobic carbonization, aerobic carbonization, cleaning and the like.
The anaerobic carbonization temperature is 450-500 ℃, and the anaerobic carbonization time is 5-7 days; the anaerobic carbonization temperature is preferably 460-490 ℃, and most preferably 480-490 ℃; the anaerobic carbonization time is preferably 5 to 6 days, most preferably 6 days. That is, when the anaerobic carbonization temperature is 460-; when the anaerobic carbonization temperature is 480-490 ℃, the anaerobic carbonization time can also be 5-6 days or 6 days.
The aerobic carbonization temperature is 800-; the aerobic carbonization temperature is preferably 830-870 ℃, and most preferably 830-850 ℃; the aerobic charring time is preferably 4-5h, most preferably 4 h. That is, when the aerobic carbonization temperature is 830-870 ℃, the aerobic carbonization time can be 4-5h or 4 h; when the aerobic carbonization temperature is 830-850 ℃, the aerobic carbonization time can be 4-5h or 4 h.
The molding temperature is 260 ℃ and 350 ℃, and the pressure is 80 MPa.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) airing or drying the tea leaves until the water content is 10-16 wt%;
(2) the tea leaves are placed into a 50-rod making machine for forming, and the tea leaves are plasticized into a rod-shaped firewood rod with a through hole in the center through 260-350 ℃ high temperature and 80MPa high pressure, wherein the firewood rod is a hollow quadrangular prism or a hollow hexagonal prism, the outer diameter is 50-70mm, and the hole diameter is 15-20 mm;
(3) putting the firewood rod obtained in the step (2) into a carbonization furnace, sealing the carbonization furnace, adjusting the temperature in the carbonization furnace to 450-500 ℃, and performing anaerobic carbonization for 5-7 days;
(4) after the anaerobic carbonization is finished, the sealing of the carbonization furnace is released, the temperature in the carbonization furnace is adjusted to 800-900 ℃, and the aerobic carbonization is carried out for 4-6 hours;
(5) opening the carbonization furnace, quickly taking out the firewood rods, covering the firewood rods, and stopping oxygen cooling;
(6) and after cooling, washing away floating ash on the surface layer by using clear water, and airing until the water content is about 5 wt%.
The tea residue smokeless carbon is prepared by firing tea residues, and the fired smokeless carbon does not contain any additive due to the high content of carbon elements, is high in heat value, green, environment-friendly, smokeless, tasteless, nontoxic and low in cost, can utilize wastes, and avoids the pollution of the tea residues to the environment. The method for preparing the smokeless carbon of the tea leaves can change the tea leaves into valuables, and reduce the environmental and ecological pollution; the organic matters in the tea leaves are recycled, the yield is high, and the social benefit is high.
Detailed Description
The present invention is directed to waste utilization, and the inventors propose to produce machine-made charcoal from tea leaves in view of the large amount of lignin and fibrous substances present in tea leaves.
The existing mechanical charcoal (smokeless charcoal) is made up by using tree branch, sawmilling (wood shavings), grain shell and plant straw through the processes of pulverizing, drying, extruding, high-temp. carbonization and firing, and can be used for substituting natural original charcoal. It can be seen that the raw materials in the preparation process of the machine-made charcoal are various in types and different in water content, and the raw materials need to be respectively treated in the crushing and drying processes, so that the process is complex and complicated. The tea residue is waste after tea or tea products are brewed, and the properties of the tea residue are different from those of the raw materials in the original state, so that a charcoal making process which can be directly used for reference does not exist. Through groping and experiments, the inventor truly utilizes the tea residues, determines a method for preparing the smokeless carbon by jointly treating the tea residues through anaerobic and aerobic high-temperature carbonization, and finally obtains the green, environment-friendly, smokeless, tasteless and nontoxic tea residue smokeless carbon.
The method for preparing the smokeless tea residue carbon comprises the processes of drying, forming, anaerobic carbonization, aerobic carbonization, cleaning and the like of tea residues.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) drying or baking the recovered tea leaves until the water content is 10% -16%;
(2) molding the tea leaves in a 50-rod making machine, and molding the tea leaves into a rod-shaped firewood rod with a round hole in the middle part through 260-350 ℃ high temperature and 80MPa high pressure to obtain the firewood rod with the outer diameter of 50-70mm and the diameter of the round hole in the middle part of 15-20mm, wherein the firewood rod is in the shape of a hollow quadrangular prism or a hexagonal prism;
(3) placing the firewood rod obtained in the step (2) into a carbonization furnace, closing the door and sealing the gap, igniting and igniting, adjusting the temperature in the carbonization furnace to 450 ℃ and 500 ℃, and performing anaerobic carbonization for 5-7 days;
(4) after the anaerobic carbonization is finished, opening the gap, adjusting the temperature in the carbonization furnace to 800-900 ℃, and carrying out aerobic combustion for 4-6 hours;
(5) opening the door of the carbonization furnace, quickly taking out the firewood rods, covering the firewood rods by covers made of iron sheets to block oxygen, and then cooling to room temperature;
(6) and taking out after cooling, washing away floating ash on the surface layer by clear water, and airing until the water content is about 5 percent to obtain the tea residue smokeless carbon.
The present invention will be described more specifically and further illustrated with reference to specific examples, which are by no means intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
A series of tea residue smokeless charcoals (examples 1-6) were prepared as described above, with the parameters of the preparation process shown in table 1. Comparative examples 1 to 6 were prepared according to the method of the present invention, and only the parameters in the preparation method were adjusted out of the range of the present invention, specifically, see table 2; in comparative examples 1 to 2, the water content of the tea leaves during molding was out of the range of the present invention, the temperature and time for anaerobic carbonization in comparative examples 3 to 4 were out of the range of the present invention, and the temperature and time for aerobic carbonization in comparative examples 5 to 6 were out of the range of the present invention.
TABLE 1 preparation of tea residue smokeless carbon Process parameters
TABLE 2 preparation of tea residue smokeless carbon Process parameters
Detecting the prepared tea residue smokeless carbon:
firstly, morphology inspection:
the tea residue smokeless charcoal prepared by the method of the invention has the advantages of complete appearance, no crack, no pulverization, and only blackened color compared with the formed firewood stick without other morphological changes, such as examples 1-6.
In contrast, comparative example 1-2 failed to obtain molded tea leaves; comparative examples 3 to 6 can give the molded tea grounds smokeless carbon, but the yields were significantly less than those obtained in examples 1 to 6.
Secondly, measuring the calorific value:
compared with charcoal with the same quality, the tea residue smokeless carbon of 1kg has the advantages that the calorific value is more than 7500kcal/kg, the density is high, the tea residue smokeless carbon is firm and uniform in shape, a through hole in the center is easy to burn and use, and the burning time is more than 3 hours; the charcoal with the same quality has low fixed carbon content, the heat value is only about 6500kcal/kg, and the heat value of the existing anthracite is only 6000-6500 kcal/kg; comparative example 1-2 the calorific value thereof could not be considered because no formed tea residue smokeless carbon could be obtained; the calorific values of comparative examples 3 and 5 were about 7000kcal/kg, but they produced thick smoke during combustion, and they did not meet the original intention of smokeless charcoal; the calorific values of comparative examples 4 and 6 were between 6000-.
Thirdly, yield:
because the tea leaves of the invention have higher moisture content before drying and have fair yield compared with the prior smokeless carbon, the tea leaves are calculated by taking the weight of the raw materials after drying and before forming as the reference: the yield of the tea residue smokeless carbon prepared by the method is about 55 percent, while the yield of the existing smokeless carbon is about 40 percent; comparative example 1-2 could not be molded and was not comparable; comparative examples 4 and 6 showed comparable yields to the existing smokeless carbon; the yields of comparative examples 3-5 are slightly higher than those of the prior art smokeless coals, but significantly lower than those of examples 1-6.
Comparing the products obtained in tables 1 and 2, by comparing their appearance, combustion process and calorific value results, and then combining the data in tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that:
the moisture content of the tea leaves is the key of the forming step, the firewood stick with too low moisture content is not easy to form and is easy to disperse, and finally the formed tea leaves are not smokeless carbon; the firewood rod with too high moisture content is too soft, cracks are easy to appear in the subsequent carbonization process, the tea leaves are easy to crush in the using process, and finally the formed tea residue smokeless carbon cannot be obtained.
The anaerobic carbonization has the functions of decomposing impurities which are easy to generate smoke during combustion and keeping the carbon content in the raw materials; the temperature and time are critical, the temperature is too low, the carbonization time is too short, the impurity components of smoke generated during combustion are not completely decomposed, and a large amount of dense smoke is generated during use; the carbon in the raw materials can participate in the reaction due to overhigh temperature and overlong carbonization time, so that the carbon content in the product is low, the raw materials are greatly lost, and the heat value is low.
The aerobic carbonization is a step discovered by the invention aiming at the tea leaves as the raw materials, and is used for further removing substances which are easy to generate smoke in the raw materials during combustion, and the carbon content in the raw materials is ensured to be retained to the maximum extent by controlling the carbonization temperature and time. And the step of aerobic carbonization is not adopted in the process of preparing the existing smokeless carbon. In the aerobic carbonization process, the carbonization temperature and time are also key factors, the temperature is too low, the carbonization time is too short, and the obtained final product is easy to generate a large amount of smoke when being combusted; when the temperature is too high and the carbonization time is too long, carbon in the raw materials can react with oxygen to generate carbon dioxide which is consumed, so that the carbon content in the product is low, the raw materials are greatly lost, and the heat value is low.
Experiments and analysis show that the tea residue smokeless carbon not only solves the pollution problem, but also can furthest utilize waste resources; not only changing the tea residue into valuables, reducing the pollution risk of environment and ecology, but also increasing the social benefit. Because only one tea residue is used as the raw material of the smokeless carbon, the preparation process can be greatly simplified, the smokeless carbon is easier to realize, and the yield is high. The tea residue smokeless carbon provided by the invention only contains tea residues as raw materials, does not contain any additive, is environment-friendly, green, environment-friendly, safe, clean, tasteless, smokeless and nontoxic, and is safe to use, wide in application range, low in cost and high in social benefit.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the content of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A method for preparing smokeless carbon of tea residue is characterized in that the smokeless carbon is prepared by taking tea residue as a raw material, and comprises the steps of drying, forming, anaerobic carbonization, aerobic carbonization and cleaning of the tea residue;
the drying is to air-dry or dry the tea leaves until the water content is 10wt% -16 wt%;
the molding temperature is 260 ℃ and 350 ℃, and the pressure is 80 MPa;
the anaerobic carbonization temperature is 450-500 ℃, and the anaerobic carbonization time is 5-7 days;
the aerobic carbonization temperature is 800-900 ℃, and the aerobic carbonization time is 4-6 hours.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drying is air drying or oven drying the tea leaves to a moisture content of 13wt% to 16 wt%.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drying is air drying or oven drying the tea leaves to a moisture content of 14wt% to 15 wt%.
4. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the anaerobic carbonization temperature is 460 ℃ and 490 ℃ and the anaerobic carbonization time is 5 to 6 days.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the anaerobic carbonization temperature is 480 ℃ to 490 ℃ and the anaerobic carbonization time is 6 days.
6. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the aerobic carbonization temperature is 830 ℃ and 870 ℃, and the aerobic carbonization time is 4 to 5 hours.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the aerobic carbonization temperature is 830-850 ℃ and the aerobic carbonization time is 4 h.
8. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the aerobic carbonization temperature is 830 ℃ and 870 ℃, and the aerobic carbonization time is 4-5 h.
9. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the aerobic carbonization temperature is 830 ℃ and 870 ℃, and the aerobic carbonization time is 4-5 h.
10. The method of claim 4, wherein the aerobic carbonization temperature is 830-850 ℃ and the aerobic carbonization time is 4 h.
11. The method of claim 5, wherein the aerobic carbonization temperature is 830-850 ℃ and the aerobic carbonization time is 4 h.
12. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) airing or drying the tea leaves until the water content is 10-16 wt%;
(2) the tea leaves are placed into a 50-rod making machine for forming, and the tea leaves are plasticized into a rod-shaped firewood rod with a through hole in the center through 260-350 ℃ high temperature and 80MPa high pressure, wherein the firewood rod is a hollow quadrangular prism or a hollow hexagonal prism, the outer diameter is 50-70mm, and the hole diameter is 15-20 mm;
(3) putting the firewood rod obtained in the step (2) into a carbonization furnace, sealing the carbonization furnace, adjusting the temperature in the carbonization furnace to 450-500 ℃, and performing anaerobic carbonization for 5-7 days;
(4) after the anaerobic carbonization is finished, the sealing of the carbonization furnace is released, the temperature in the carbonization furnace is adjusted to 800-900 ℃, and the aerobic carbonization is carried out for 4-6 hours;
(5) opening the carbonization furnace, quickly taking out the firewood rods, covering the firewood rods, and stopping oxygen cooling;
(6) and after cooling, washing away floating ash on the surface layer by using clear water, and airing until the water content is about 5 wt%.
13. A smokeless tea residue charcoal prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by a calorific value of 7500kcal/kg or more and a burning time of 3 hours or more.
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| CN1279268A (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2001-01-10 | 沈智杰 | Process for preparing charcoal from cane dregs |
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Effective date of registration: 20200327 Address after: 666200 Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture tea factory of Menghai County Road No. 9 Applicant after: MENGHAI TEA INDUSTRY Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: Yunnan Dayi Microbial Technology Co., Ltd Address before: 666200 Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture of Menghai Menghai County town of Tea Road No. nine Applicant before: MENGHAI TEA INDUSTRY Co.,Ltd. |
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