CN107285577B - 一种去除废水中卡马西平的处理系统 - Google Patents
一种去除废水中卡马西平的处理系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种去除废水中卡马西平的处理系统，包括pH调节池、粗格栅、斜板沉淀池、生物聚合反应器、高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽、净水池、弱硝化棉烘干成形系统等。本系统创造性的采用了物理手段、化学方法与微生物处理相结合的技术路线，通过能量效应与聚合催化效应的直接作用，高压电弧所产生的高能量被N,N‑二烷基脲吸收，其中的胺根和羰基的化学键受到能量激发处于不稳定状态，并在二氯四羰基二铑的表面催化作用下发生键断裂并重组，最终发生聚合反应生成硝酸纤维素颗粒物，（弱硝化棉），从而实现了氮元素资源的回收利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种去除废水中卡马西平的处理系统，属于环境保护中的废水处理领域。
背景技术
卡马西平(又称卡巴咪嗪)是一种临床常用的精神性药物，它经常和其他药物一起使用来治疗癫痫病、抑郁症和三叉神经痛等。患者服用后部分母体及其代谢产物随排泄物进入水体环境中。因此，卡马西平的母体以及代谢物在污水中经常被检测到。卡马西平的化学名称是5H-二苯并【b,f】氮杂卓-5-甲酰胺，是含氮的芳香族化合物，化学结构复杂，同时其在废水中的浓度很低，现有的污水处理方法很难去除低浓度的卡马西平。
但是如果废水及环境中残留的卡马西平不能被有效去除，则对人类健康存在着高风险的潜在威胁。因此继续一种能够有效去除废水中卡马西平的处理系统和方法。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种去除废水中卡马西平的处理系统，该系统包括pH调节池、粗格栅、斜板沉淀池、生物聚合反应器、高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽、净水池、弱硝化棉烘干成形系统等；其中含卡马西平的废水通过废水管线进入pH调节池的进口，pH调节池的出口通过废水管线连接粗格栅，粗格栅的出口通过废水管线连接斜板沉淀池，斜板沉淀池的出口通过废水管线连接生物聚合反应器，生物聚合反应器的上部排液口通过废水管线连接高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽，高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽的出口通过废水管线连接净水池，净水池的出口通过废水管线将经过本系统处理后的净化出水外排，同时，高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽中生成的硝酸纤维素通过颗粒物排放口排出，并进入弱硝化棉烘干成形系统，经烘干脱水及压制成形得到弱硝化棉可被回收利用；其中，生物聚合反应器内部固定了多个生物聚合膜，膜上附着有高活性圆红冬孢酵母菌和莫拉氏链球菌等，当废水进入生物聚合反应器与生物聚合膜接触时，圆红冬孢酵母菌和莫拉氏链球菌在生物活动过程中会将卡马西平分子中的环状结构打开并使分子间发生聚合反应，形成重复单元为N,N-二烷基脲的大分子有机物；其中，高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽的外表面包裹有槽体绝缘保护层，内部为碳化硅陶瓷结构，反应槽的右上部设有进水阀门，左下部设有出水阀门，槽体中央部分安装有二氯四羰基二铑多孔填料，作为聚合反应催化剂，填料层下部连接有多个颗粒物排放口，左、右两侧壁板正中各安装有一支高压放电电极，在反应槽底部左、右两侧各装有一支搅拌桨叶，经过生物聚合反应器处理的废水通过高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽的进水阀门进入反应槽内部，高压放电电极每间隔0.1s进行一次高压放电，会在反应槽中产生一道横贯槽体左右的高压电弧，高压电弧所产生的高能量被N,N-二烷基脲吸收，其中的胺根和羰基的化学键受到能量激发处于不稳定状态，并在二氯四羰基二铑的表面催化作用下发生键断裂并重组，最终发生聚合反应生成硝酸纤维素颗粒物，反应生成的硝酸纤维素颗粒物直接从颗粒物排放口排出，同时，经过反应净化后的废水通过出水阀门排出反应槽并进入净水池中；其中，弱硝化棉烘干成形系统的作用是将反应生成的硝酸纤维素颗粒物脱水并烘干，再经过挤压成形，最终制成弱硝化棉块供回收再利用。
高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽，其高压放电电极的放电电压范围约为5500~8000V，二氯四羰基二铑填料的孔径为4.8mm，比表面积为6.0cm2/g，反应槽的有效容积为200m3。
弱硝化棉烘干成形系统的烘干温度为70~85℃，压制成形的弱硝化棉块规格为1.5cm×1.0cm×1.0cm。
弱硝化棉是一种含氮的有机高分子聚合物，其分子式为：[C6H7O2（ONO2）a（OH）3-a]n，其中a为酯化度，n为聚合度。它属于硝酸纤维素的一种，其外形为白色纤维状，物理性质与棉花基本相同。弱硝化棉的含氮量为8~12%，可用于生产电影胶片、赛璐珞和硝基清漆等材料。
本发明的优点在于：
（1）本系统探索出了一种的去除废水中低浓度卡马西平的新模式，创造性的采用了物理手段、化学方法与微生物处理相结合的技术路线，通过能量效应与聚合催化效应的直接作用，高压电弧所产生的高能量被N,N-二烷基脲吸收，其中的胺根和羰基的化学键受到能量激发处于不稳定状态，并在二氯四羰基二铑的表面催化作用下发生键断裂并重组，最终发生聚合反应生成硝酸纤维素颗粒物，（弱硝化棉），从而实现了氮元素资源的回收利用。
（2）本系统使用生物聚合反应器，利用圆红冬孢酵母菌和莫拉氏链球菌在生物活动过程中会将卡马西平分子中的环状结构打开并使分子间发生聚合反应，形成重复单元为N,N-二烷基脲的大分子有机物，从而将卡马西平分子富集，提高了后续处理高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应的处理效率。
（3）本系统采用了二氯四羰基二铑多孔填料的设计，使废水能够充分与催化剂发生接触反应，提高了转化效率，提升了整个系统的处理能力。
（4）本系统中的二氯四羰基二铑聚合催化剂具有使用寿命长和不易发生催化剂中毒的特点，从而实现了处理系统的低运维成本和长时间运行。
（5）本系统的催化反应在液态基体中进行，因此反应效率和速度均受到控制，只能生成弱硝化棉，杜绝了含氮量更高的强硝化棉或胶棉的生成，从而消除了运行中发生爆炸的风险。
（6）通过本系统处理后的废水，其卡马西平的去除率达到99.9%，并且弱硝化棉的转化率在90%以上。
附图说明
图1是本发明的设备示意图。
图中：1-pH调节池、2-粗格栅、3-斜板沉淀池、4-生物聚合反应器、5-高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽、6-净水池、7-弱硝化棉烘干成形系统
图2是高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽的示意图。
51-高压放电电极、52-二氯四羰基二铑多孔填料、53-槽体绝缘保护层、54-进水阀门、55-出水阀门、56-搅拌桨叶、57-颗粒物排放口。
具体实施方式
如图1所示的一种去除废水中卡马西平的处理系统，该系统包括pH调节池1、粗格栅2、斜板沉淀池3、生物聚合反应器4、高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽5、净水池6、弱硝化棉烘干成形系统7等；其中含卡马西平的废水通过废水管线进入pH调节池1，在此进行集中暂存并将pH调节为6.0-7.0，pH调节池1的出口通过废水管线连接粗格栅2，在此去除废水中的大直径固体物质，粗格栅2的出口通过废水管线连接斜板沉淀池3，在此进一步去除废水中的不溶物质，斜板沉淀池3的出口通过废水管线连接生物聚合反应器4，生物聚合反应器4内部固定了多个生物聚合膜，膜上附着有高活性圆红冬孢酵母菌和莫拉氏链球菌等，当废水进入生物聚合反应器与生物聚合膜接触时，圆红冬孢酵母菌和莫拉氏链球菌在生物活动过程中会将卡马西平分子中的环状结构打开并使分子间发生聚合反应，形成重复单元为N,N-二烷基脲的大分子有机物，以利于后续高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应的进行，生物聚合反应器4的出口通过废水管线连接高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽5，高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽5的外层包裹有槽体绝缘保护层53，内部为碳化硅陶瓷结构，反应槽的有效容积为200m3，反应槽的右上部设有进水阀门54，左下部设有出水阀门55，槽体中央部分安装有二氯四羰基二铑多孔填料52，作为聚合反应催化剂，填料的孔径为4.8mm，比表面积为6.0cm2/g，填料层下部连接有颗粒物排放口57，左、右两侧壁板正中各安装有一支高压放电电极51，在反应槽底部左、右两侧各装有一支搅拌桨叶56，经过生物聚合反应器处理的废水通过高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽5的进水阀门54进入反应槽内部，高压放电电极51每间隔0.1s进行一次高压放电，放电电压范围为5500~8000V，会在反应槽中产生一道横贯槽体左右的高压电弧，高压电弧所产生的高能量被废水中的N,N-二烷基脲吸收，其中的胺根和羰基的化学键受到能量激发处于不稳定状态，并在二氯四羰基二铑的表面催化作用下发生键断裂并重组，最终生成硝酸纤维素颗粒物（弱硝化棉），反应生成的硝酸纤维素颗粒物直接从颗粒物排放口57排出，同时，经过反应净化后的废水通过出水阀门55排出反应槽并进入净水池6中，净水池6的出口通过废水管线将经过本系统处理后的净化出水外排，同时，高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽5中生成的硝酸纤维素通过颗粒物排放口57排出，并进入弱硝化棉烘干成形系统7，弱硝化棉经烘干脱水及压制成形后可被回收利用；其中，弱硝化棉烘干成形系统7的作用是将反应生成的硝酸纤维素颗粒物脱水并烘干，再经过挤压成形，最终制成弱硝化棉块供回收再利用，其弱硝化棉烘干成形系统的烘干温度为70~85℃，压制成形的弱硝化棉块规格为1.5cm×1.0cm×1.0cm，弱硝化棉的含氮量为8~12%。
通过本系统处理后的废水，其卡马西平的去除率达到99.9%，并且弱硝化棉的转化率在90%以上。
Claims (2)
1.一种去除废水中卡马西平的处理系统，其特征在于，该系统包括pH调节池、粗格栅、斜板沉淀池、生物聚合反应器、高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽、净水池、弱硝化棉烘干成形系统；其中含卡马西平的废水通过废水管线进入pH调节池的进口，pH调节池的出口通过废水管线连接粗格栅，粗格栅的出口通过废水管线连接斜板沉淀池，斜板沉淀池的出口通过废水管线连接生物聚合反应器，生物聚合反应器的上部排液口通过废水管线连接高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽，高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽的出口通过废水管线连接净水池，净水池的出口通过废水管线将经过本系统处理后的净化出水外排，同时，高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽中生成的硝酸纤维素通过颗粒物排放口排出，并进入弱硝化棉烘干成形系统，经烘干脱水及压制成形得到弱硝化棉可被回收利用；其中，生物聚合反应器内部固定了多个生物聚合膜，膜上附着有高活性圆红冬孢酵母菌和莫拉氏链球菌，当废水进入生物聚合反应器与生物聚合膜接触时，圆红冬孢酵母菌和莫拉氏链球菌在生物活动过程中会将卡马西平分子中的环状结构打开并使分子间发生聚合反应，形成重复单元为N,N-二烷基脲的大分子有机聚合物；其中，高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽的外表面包裹有槽体绝缘保护层，内部为碳化硅陶瓷结构，反应槽的右上部设有进水阀门，左下部设有出水阀门，槽体中央部分安装有二氯四羰基二铑多孔填料，作为聚合反应催化剂，填料层下部连接有多个颗粒物排放口，左、右两侧壁板正中各安装有一支高压放电电极，在反应槽底部左、右两侧各装有一支搅拌桨叶，经过生物聚合反应器处理的废水通过高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽的进水阀门进入反应槽内部，高压放电电极每间隔0.1s进行一次高压放电，会在反应槽中产生一道横贯槽体左右的高压电弧，高压电弧所产生的高能量被N,N-二烷基脲吸收，其中的胺基和羰基的化学键受到能量激发处于不稳定状态，并在二氯四羰基二铑的表面催化作用下发生键断裂并重组，最终发生聚合反应生成硝酸纤维素颗粒物，反应生成的硝酸纤维素颗粒物直接从颗粒物排放口排出，同时，经过反应净化后的废水通过出水阀门排出反应槽并进入净水池中；其中，弱硝化棉烘干成形系统的作用是将反应生成的硝酸纤维素颗粒物脱水并烘干，再经过挤压成形，最终制成弱硝化棉块供回收再利用；
其中，弱硝化棉烘干成形系统的烘干温度为70~85℃，压制成形的弱硝化棉块规格为1.5cm×1.0cm×1.0cm；
弱硝化棉是一种硝酸纤维素，为白色纤维状，含氮量为8~12%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的去除废水中卡马西平的处理系统，其特征在于，高压放电有机铑催化聚合反应槽，其高压放电电极的放电电压范围为5500~8000V，二氯四羰基二铑填料的孔径为4.8mm，比表面积为6.0cm2/g，反应槽的有效容积为200m3。
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