CN107267864A - A kind of novel high-strength LPD50 spring steel - Google Patents
A kind of novel high-strength LPD50 spring steel Download PDFInfo
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/021—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant characterised by their composition, e.g. comprising materials providing for particular spring properties
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of novel high-strength LPD50 spring steel, belong to thermal pressure processing purposes high-strength spring steel and preparation technology field.It is characterized in that according to quality very than including following component：C 0.47 0.53%, Si 0.15 0.35%, Mn 0.75 1.10%, Cr 0.90 1.20%, V 05 0.10%, Nb 0.02 0.10%, Mo 0.15 0.25%, Cu≤0.25%, Ni≤0.25%, P≤0.02%, S≤0.015%, its surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.The present invention possesses the good characteristic of low decarburization, high intensity, high-plasticity, low-alloy and low cost, disclosure satisfy that high stress, high fatigue property, high technology performance and the high reliability request of the few leaf spring of lightweight.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to thermal pressure processing purposes high-strength spring steel and preparation technology field, a kind of new height is specifically referred to
Chemical composition, content and the preparation method of intensity spring material.
Background technology
Automotive light weight technology is the trend of development of automobile, wherein piece variable-section steel sheet spring less（Few leaf spring）This advanced steel plate
Spring technology is the light-weighted main development direction of truck, and it can reduce more than the 30% of automotive dead weight.At present domestic few leaf spring by
Low thus do not obtain widespread adoption in fatigue behaviour, this is mainly problem of materials and not solved effectively, therefore to bullet
Spring material proposes high intensity, low-alloy, high-plasticity, low decarburization and the requirement of low cost, to meet the few leaf spring of lightweight
High stress, high fatigue property, high technology performance and high reliability request.
In the market conventional spring material be difficult to and meanwhile meet the low decarburization of few piece variable-section steel sheet spring, high intensity,
The requirement of high-plasticity, low-alloy and low cost.For example, 51CrV4 spring steel can meet the requirement of low decarburization but be unsatisfactory for
The requirement of high intensity and high-plasticity.54SiCr6 has high intensity and high-plasticity, but decarburization is serious.South Korea Pu spring steel
（The disclosure of Chinese patent 94191328.7) reduce Fully decarburized layer (ferrite lamellae) depth by adding Ni, but add dilute noble alloy member
Element causes the cost of material very high and is difficult to be acceptable to the market.
In addition, being experimentally confirmed, in quenching process, if shortening steam blanket cooling stage, energy by design technology
Whole workpiece surface is evenly and rapidly cooled down, make the surface treatment quality of product keep high evenness.And pass through extension
Boiling cooling procedure, then be conducive to the cooling effect of large-scale part, and quenching degree is improved while evenness is kept.Above-mentioned technique
Optimization only realized by traditional means, be limited, in order to break through this limitation, the creative order quenching of applicant
In the stage, especially apply high-voltage pulse current to spring steel in air film stage and boiling stage, the office of traditional means can be broken through
It is sex-limited, realize the maximization of process advantage.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of novel high-strength LPD50 spring steel, possess low decarburization, height
Intensity, high-plasticity, low-alloy and inexpensive good characteristic, disclosure satisfy that the high stress of the few leaf spring of lightweight, high fatigability
Energy, high technology performance and high reliability request.Second technical problem that the present invention is solved be can by the air film stage and
Boiling stage applies high-voltage pulse current to spring steel, can break through the limitation of traditional means, shortens steam blanket cooling stage
Duration, makes whole workpiece surface evenly and rapidly be cooled down, and makes the surface treatment quality of product keep high evenness；Pass through extension
Boiling cooling procedure, then be conducive to the cooling effect of large scale spring lever, and quenching degree is improved while evenness is kept.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：A kind of novel high-strength LPD50 spring steel is provided,
It is characterized in that according to quality very than including following component：
C 0.47-0.53%、
Si 0.15-0.35%、
Mn 0.75-1.10%、
Cr 0.90-1.20%、
V 0.05-0.10%、
Nb 0.02-0.10%、
Mo 0.15-0.25%、
Cu≤0.25%、
Ni≤0.25%、
P≤0.02%、
S≤0.015%,
Its surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
A kind of novel high-strength LPD50 spring steel of the present invention, it is characterised in that heat treatment step includes following work
Skill step：Quenching temperature is 840-930 DEG C；Temperature is 360-560 DEG C.
It is preferred that, high-voltage pulse current is passed to the two ends of spring steel in quenching process, energization gap is 1-3 seconds, is broken
Electric gap is 0.1-1.5 seconds.
It is preferred that, the energization total duration of high-voltage pulse current is the 1/3 of quenching total duration, and wherein length dimension is 200-
2300mm, width dimensions are 70-120mm, and thickness is 6-45mm spring steel plate, and its air film stage is 1-5 seconds, and it seethes with excitement
Stage is 5-10 seconds.It is preferred that, the quenching liquid used in the heat treatment step is pure oil hardening liquid.
The spring steel of novel high-strength LPD 50 that the present invention is developed, solves thermal pressure by high temperature autoxidation process and adds
The problem of work purposes high-strength spring material Fully decarburized layer.Its high temperature autoxidation process refers to the component and proportioning by material
The inoxidizability of selection reduction material, makes material easily be oxidized at high operating temperatures and forms oxide skin（Including in technical process
Fully decarburized layer produced by decarburization is oxidized to oxide skin simultaneously）, oxide skin is and material cohesion very low frangible loose matter
Matter, has the further decarburization of prevention and shields.Thus the Fully decarburized layer produced by decarburization is eliminated naturally, is obtained without complete
The notable technique effect of decarburized layer.
The novel high-strength LPD50 spring steel that the present invention is developed, passes through middle carbon, composite alloying and dilute noble alloy member
The technical thought of plain microalloying solves high intensity, high-ductility and the low-alloy of spring material simultaneously and solution Fully decarburized layer is asked
Topic.The beneficial effect of alloying element is so given full play to and strengthened, reduces the harm produced by alloying element, it is obvious obtaining
Alloying element content is reduced on the premise of technique effect, material cost is not only reduced but also is conducive to protecting resource.
Composite alloying (including combined microalloying) is the key and technical characterstic of the present invention, what alloying element had
Performance and behavior are the results of each constituent element (including trace element) synergy, rather than a certain alloying element is simple, qualitative
Effect or influence, especially improved constantly but in the case of requiring high-ductility in the intensity of material.
The novel high-strength LPD50 spring steel developed of the present invention, in the case of using Si as intensified element, by V and
Nb microalloy composite alloying reduces the inoxidizability of material, and is obtained using the high-temperature oxydation effect in technical process without complete
The low decarburization effect of decarburized layer, moreover, having the raising important function such as the strength of materials and crystal grain thinning simultaneously.The present invention is developed
Novel high-strength LPD50 spring steel, the surfacing consumed in high temperature autoxidation seldom, the size of spring is not influenceed
Required precision.The adhesive force of oxide skin is very low, is come off naturally after quenching.
Technical solution of the present invention is further described below：
The C content of technical solution of the present invention is 0.47 ~ 0.53%.Quenching structure is middle carbon martensite tissue, is high after average tempering
The secondary troostite tissue of intensity and high-ductility, and without Fully decarburized layer.
In order to improve intensity and reduction inoxidizability and decarburizing tendency, Si contents are 0.15 ~ 0.35%.
Cr, Mn effect and mutual compound action are to improve intensity, high-plasticity and quenching degree.Therefore, Cr contents are
0.90 ~ 1.20%, Mn contents are 0.75 ~ 1.10%.
V, Mo, Ni, Cu and Nb must be added simultaneously, and the effect produced by this composite alloying is that single-element is difficult to reach
Arrive.In the present invention, each alloying element can not be replaced mutually, be added simultaneously using the amount of microalloy, invent compound micro- conjunction
Golden spring material, its function and significance is：1）Reduce inoxidizability, improve quenching temperature 2）Ni and V carbide are tiny more
Dissipate and be uniformly distributed, with obvious grain refining effect, improve grain coarsening temperature, 3）The elements such as Mo, Ni, Cu, which are added, improves strong
Degree and plasticity and toughness, 4) 54SiCrV6 spring steel is only containing a kind of strong carbide elements of V, and V content is at least more than 0.10%, and sheet
Being added while invention is due to V and Nb makes V content to lack 0.05% level, only the 20 of 51CrV4 or 54SiCrV6 steel point
One of, this is V and Nb combined microalloyings notable technique effect.The V and Nb composite alloying that the present invention is used are achieved
The microalloying effect of dilute noble alloy constituent content is greatly reduced.It is worth noting that, when considering alloying element proportioning, not only
Consider that beneficial effect will more consider damaging effect.Consider, C 0.47-0.53% of the invention, Si 0.15-0.35%, Mn
0.75-1.10%、Cr 0.90-1.20%、V 05-0.10%、Nb 0.02-0.10%、Mo 0.15-0.25%、Cu≤0.25%、Ni
≤0.25%。
S, P are harmful elements, reduce the plasticity and toughness of material.Controlled by amount commonly, P≤0.02%, S≤0.015%.
The present invention uses novel high-strength LPD50 spring steel metallurgical production process, is simply related to high-temperature heat treatment step
Rapid and condition is that the performance of the object with the formula of spring material of the invention and acquisition matches.The system of material of the present invention
Preparation Method step and condition are as follows：The outer ladle refining of dispensing, electric furnace smelting, stove and degassing processing, ingot casting or continuous casting, cogging, acid
Wash, reconditioning, flaw detection, rolling；It is characterized in that, Technology for Heating Processing is：Quenching temperature 850 ± 10-920 ± 10 DEG C oil quenching
Fire；Temperature 370 ± 10-550 ± 10 DEG C.It is of course also possible to from other metallurgical technologies, such as electroslag remelting
Beneficial effects of the present invention and significant technological progress effect are as follows：
1st, a kind of novel high-strength spring steel LPD 50 is developed（Low decarburization, high intensity, high-plasticity, low-alloy and low cost）,
To meet high stress, high fatigue property, high technology performance and the high reliability request of the few leaf spring of lightweight.
2nd, the technical performance of the materials of novel high-strength spring steel LPD 50 of the present invention is：Fully decarburized layer depth=0mm, tension
1650 ~ 1900MPa of intensity, the contraction percentage of area 44 ~ 48%, alloy content is less than 51CrV4 or 54SiCrV6 spring steel, particularly dilute
Noble alloy element.51CrV4 and 54SiCrV6 are the thermal pressure processing purposes spring materials of advanced technology in the world.Table 1 is this hair
The spring material of bright offer is contrasted with the technical performance of 51CrV4 and 54SiCrV6 spring steel, it can be seen that the reality acquired by the present invention
The notable technique effect of matter and advanced technical merit.
3rd, the spring material that the present invention is provided, is the high intensity and high-ductility spring material of a kind of thermal pressure processing purposes.
There is unique technology feature on composition and proportioning, refer to table 2.On common alloying elements, the present invention with 51CrV4 or
54SiCrV6 steel is suitable, but dilute noble alloy element is significantly lower than 51CrV4 or 54SiCrV6 steel.Dilute noble alloy is combined and microalloy
Change is the distinguishing feature of the present invention, is significant technological progress for existing spring material technology.
4th, the spring material that the present invention is provided, solves the problems, such as that thermal pressure processes purposes high-strength spring steel Fully decarburized layer.
The spring material is suitable to high temperature autoxidation process, solves the problems, such as the Fully decarburized layer of high decarburizing tendency spring material.It has been generally acknowledged that
High-temperature oxydation is harmful, but the spring material that the present invention is provided, and is exactly solved using this oxidation in technical process
Industry insoluble Fully decarburized layer problem for a long time.
The material of the present invention of table 1 is contrasted with existing spring material intensity, plasticity and decarburization
The chemical analysis of table 2 contrasts (Wt%)
In order to ensure the high intensity and high-plasticity of spring, it is desirable to which spring material has certain quenching degree.Table 3 is that the present invention is carried
The spring material of confession and the Hardenability Technique data comparison of EN10089 grade of steel 54SiCrV6,51CrV4 and 52CrMoV4 spring steel,
By the visible material of the present invention of table have compared with high-hardenability, oil hardening diameter is up to 50mm.
Table 3
The spring material that the present invention is provided, the bearing spring for manufacturing medium-heavy automobile, it may also be used for car suspension helical bullet
Spring, automobile torsion bar spring, stabiliser bar, taper-leaf spring of middle thickness etc., and the big-wire diameter suspension helical spring that the present invention is provided
Material, is the excellent material of high strength spring steel wire and oil tempered spring steel wires, and tool has been widely used.
5th, optimization design Technology for Heating Processing of the present invention, using pure oily catalytic liquid, to prevent catching fire or breakdown and electrolysis；In addition
This technique applies high voltage pulse electric current by the first two stage in quenching to material, and last stage material is maintained by joule heating effect
The temperature lowering curve of material is unlikely excessively steep, is evaporated after quickly making surface air film shaping, and by suitably maintaining hyperpyrexia, extend boiling stage
Duration.Thus, this technique can break through the limitation of traditional means, by shortening steam blanket cooling stage duration, make whole
Workpiece surface is evenly and rapidly cooled down, and makes the surface treatment quality of product keep high evenness；It is cooled by extending boiling
Journey, then be conducive to the cooling effect of large scale spring lever, and quenching degree is improved while evenness is kept.
Embodiment
A kind of novel high-strength LPD50 spring steel of the present invention, according to quality very than including following component：
C 0.47-0.53%、
Si 0.15-0.35%、
Mn 0.75-1.10%、
Cr 0.90-1.20%、
V 0.05-0.10%、
Nb 0.02-0.10%、
Mo 0.15-0.25%、
Cu≤0.25%、
Ni≤0.25%、
P≤0.02%、
S≤0.015%,
Its surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
A kind of novel high-strength LPD50 spring steel of the present invention, heat treatment step is comprised the technical steps that：Quenching
Heating-up temperature is 840-930 DEG C；Temperature is 360-560 DEG C.
High-voltage pulse current is passed to the two ends of spring steel in quenching process, energization gap is 1-3 seconds, power-off gap is
0.1-1.5 seconds.
The energization total duration of high-voltage pulse current is the 1/3 of quenching total duration, and wherein length dimension is 200-2300mm, wide
Degree size is 70-120mm, and thickness is 6-45mm spring steel plate, and its air film stage is 1-5 seconds, and its boiling stage is 5-
10 seconds.
The quenching liquid used in the heat treatment step is pure oil hardening liquid.
Embodiment 1
1) the chemical analysis proportioning of the material of embodiment 1（Wt% 4) are shown in Table, its surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
Table 4
2）The metallurgical production process of the material of embodiment 1 is：By as above 1）Material composition (Wt%) dispensing, industrial production electric furnace smelting
Refining, the outer ladle refining of stove and degassing processing, molding, cogging, pickling, reconditioning, rolling.Hot rolling material：33x89mm band steels.
3) Fully decarburized layer depth, grain size and the nonmetal inclusion of the material of embodiment 1（Metallographic method is examined）：
Fully decarburized layer depth=0mm, 7 grades of grain size.900 DEG C of insulations are (under air condition), Fully decarburized layer depth=0mm, grain size 7
Level.
Nonmetal inclusion such as table 5 below.
Table 5
4）The quenching degree of the material of embodiment 1
Jominy test (900 DEG C of austenitizing temperature), test data such as table 6 below：
Table 6
Hardness HRC56.5, centre hardness HRC56 at 33mm thickness samples, 900 DEG C of oil hardening, subsurface hardness 58HRC, 1/2R.
5）The mechanical performance of the material of embodiment 1.
Diameter 10mm, 5 times of ratio standard specimens are tested by national standard.Technology for Heating Processing and the following (table of mechanical performance
7)：
Table 7
It is pointed out that above-mentioned embodiment is only the preferred embodiment of the invention, for the ordinary skill of the art
For personnel, on the premise of operation principle of the present invention is met, any equivalent or similar replacement each falls within the protection of the present invention
In the range of.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of novel high-strength LPD50 spring steel, it is characterised in that according to quality very than including following component：
C 0.47-0.53%、
Si 0.15-0.35%、
Mn 0.75-1.10%、
Cr 0.90-1.20%、
V 0.05-0.10%、
Nb 0.02-0.10%、
Mo 0.15-0.25%、
Cu≤0.25%、
Ni≤0.25%、
P≤0.02%、
S≤0.015%,
Its surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. a kind of novel high-strength LPD50 spring steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that heat treatment step is included such as
Lower processing step：Quenching temperature is 840-930 DEG C；Temperature is 360-560 DEG C.
3. a kind of novel high-strength LPD50 spring steel according to claim 2, it is characterised in that to bullet in quenching process
The two ends of spring steel pass to high-voltage pulse current, and energization gap is 1-3 seconds, and power-off gap is 0.1-1.5 seconds.
4. a kind of novel high-strength LPD50 spring steel according to claim 3, it is characterised in that high-voltage pulse current it is logical
Electric total duration is the 1/3 of quenching total duration, and wherein length dimension is 200-2300mm, and width dimensions are 70-120mm, thickness gauge
The very little spring steel plate for 6-45mm, its air film stage is 1-5 seconds, and its boiling stage is 5-10 seconds.
5. a kind of novel high-strength LPD50 spring steel according to claim 4, it is characterised in that in the heat treatment step
The quenching liquid used is pure oil hardening liquid.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN107557671A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-01-09 | 山东汽车弹簧厂淄博有限公司 | Microalloying spring steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN107587079A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-01-16 | 山东汽车弹簧厂淄博有限公司 | Nitrogenous microalloying spring steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN109735771A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-05-10 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of high-strength spring steel and its production method with excellent fatigue behaviour and corrosion resisting property |
| CN109797348A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-05-24 | 四川丰元机械制造有限公司 | A kind of high intensity leaf spring and its production technology |
| CN111363976A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-07-03 | 江苏利淮钢铁有限公司 | Microalloyed steel with long service life, high strength and toughness for high-speed rail plate spring and production process thereof |
| CN111705261A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-09-25 | 湖北神风汽车弹簧有限公司 | High-stress spring steel and preparation process thereof |
| CN114410896A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-04-29 | 北京科技大学 | Ultrahigh-strength medium-carbon spring steel, heat treatment process and high-speed train bogie spring |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107557671A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-01-09 | 山东汽车弹簧厂淄博有限公司 | Microalloying spring steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN107587079A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-01-16 | 山东汽车弹簧厂淄博有限公司 | Nitrogenous microalloying spring steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN107587079B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-05-14 | 山东汽车弹簧厂淄博有限公司 | Nitrogenous microalloying spring steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN107557671B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-05-14 | 山东汽车弹簧厂淄博有限公司 | Microalloying spring steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN109797348A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-05-24 | 四川丰元机械制造有限公司 | A kind of high intensity leaf spring and its production technology |
| CN109735771A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-05-10 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of high-strength spring steel and its production method with excellent fatigue behaviour and corrosion resisting property |
| CN111363976A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-07-03 | 江苏利淮钢铁有限公司 | Microalloyed steel with long service life, high strength and toughness for high-speed rail plate spring and production process thereof |
| CN111705261A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-09-25 | 湖北神风汽车弹簧有限公司 | High-stress spring steel and preparation process thereof |
| CN114410896A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-04-29 | 北京科技大学 | Ultrahigh-strength medium-carbon spring steel, heat treatment process and high-speed train bogie spring |
| CN114410896B (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-10-21 | 北京科技大学 | Ultrahigh-strength medium-carbon spring steel, heat treatment process and high-speed train bogie spring |
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