CN101619418A - Big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.429 to 0.529 percent of C, 0.70 to 1.19 percent of Si, 0.50 to 1.20 percent of Mn, 0.50 to 1.20 percent of Cr, 0.01 to 0.07 percent of V, 0.01 to 0.07 percent of Nb, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of S, 5 to 25ppm of O, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material has technical properties of low decarburization, high strength and high plasticity, has a low alloy content and is a good material for making a helical spring of a suspension having a big wire diameter of a medium or heavy vehicle and also for making a suspension helical spring of a car, a vehicle torsion bar spring and a stock stabilizer, and also a good material used for making a high-strength spring steel wire and an oil tempering spring steel wire.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to thermal pressure processing purposes spring steel, relate to a kind of hot-work purposes big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material and preparation method.
Background technology
Medium and heavy automobile big-wire diameter suspension helical spring needs to carry out press working (as metal pointing and coiling) under the condition of high temperature, quench afterwards and tempering heat treatment, thisly be used for high temperature pressure processing and quench afterwards and the tempered spring steel is called thermal pressure processing purposes spring steel.
As everyone knows, the heat and the heating of quenching can cause decarburization, the fatigue lifetime that the full Decarburized layer (ferrite lamellae) that decarburization produced significantly reduces spring.Therefore, hot pressing processing purposes spring steel especially high-strength spring steel should have the processing performance of low decarburization, does not just allow full Decarburized layer after the heat and the heating of quenching.So big-wire diameter suspension helical spring is low decarburization to the primary requirement of spring material, not allowing has full Decarburized layer after hot-work or the quenching heating.
For consumption and the light-weighted needs of spring that reduce the spring material and the energy, if the comprehensive mechanical performance that requires spring material to have high strength and high-ductility is the low problems such as brittle rupture or low stress fracture that easily produce of intensity height and plasticity.So big-wire diameter suspension helical spring is the comprehensive mechanical performance of high strength and high-ductility to the second aspect requirement of spring material.
Solve decarburization, intensity and the plasticity problem of spring material by the method for adding rare noble alloy element (as Ni), must cause the mass consumption of rare noble alloy element, not only to protection with utilize natural resources unfavorable but also more be unfavorable for cost and application.Europe spring steel technological standard EN10089:2002 (E) (being designated hereinafter simply as EN10089) is the technological standard about thermal pressure processing purposes spring steel, from EN10089 as can be seen, the alloy content of its spring material is all lower, strictly controlling the kind and the content of alloying element, is the inevitable outcome of industrialization and commercialization requirement.Obviously, big-wire diameter suspension helical spring is low-alloy and low cost to the third aspect requirement of spring material.
In sum, big-wire diameter suspension helical spring is low decarburization, high strength, high-ductility and low-alloy to the requirement of its spring material, must satisfy the requirement of these four aspects simultaneously.
Existing spring material is difficult to satisfy low decarburization, high strength, high-ductility and the low-alloyed requirement of big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material, although can satisfy in one aspect.For example, EN10089 grade of steel 51CrV4 spring steel can satisfy the requirement of low decarburization, but does not satisfy the requirement of high strength and high-ductility.EN10089 grade of steel 54SiCrV6 spring steel has high strength and higher plasticity but does not satisfy the requirement of low decarburization.This class is that the technical problem underlying of the high-strength spring steel of strengthening element is full Decarburized layer problem with Si, is well known fact.Si is that the important alloying element and the aboundresources cost of raising spring material intensity is low, but increase the decarburizing tendency of steel and cause the formation of full Decarburized layer, the beneficial effect of this raising intensity exists simultaneously with the harm that forms full Decarburized layer, makes the full Decarburized layer problem that contains the Si high-strength spring steel be difficult to solve.Korea S's Pu item spring steel (Chinese patent 94191328.7 is open) reduces full Decarburized layer (ferrite lamellae) degree of depth by adding Ni, " formation of decarburized layer deepness is subjected to largely suppressing " must cause the cost of material very high and be difficult to accept but the rare noble alloy element of this interpolation solves full Decarburized layer problem.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material and preparation method, this big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material is low decarburization, high strength, high-ductility and low-alloyed thermal pressure processing purposes spring material.
Reduce the formation of decarburizing tendency or " inhibition " full Decarburized layer of material by the heavy addition alloying element, be main method and the approach that solves the full Decarburized layer problem of thermal pressure processing purposes high-strength spring steel at present, but must cause material cost height or other problem like this.If pass through composition proportion cleverly, the full Decarburized layer that this material decarburization is produced is removed in heating naturally, can certainly obtain the effect of low decarburization, thereby solves the full Decarburized layer problem that the big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material decarburization is produced.
Under technical conceive as above, the invention provides big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material, solved the problem of the full Decarburized layer of thermal pressure processing purposes high-strength spring material.This big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material is suitable for high temperature natural oxidation method and removes full Decarburized layer.The oxidation-resistance that high temperature natural oxidation method selects to reduce material by the component and the proportioning of material, make material easily oxidized and formation oxide skin under the condition of high temperature, thereby the full Decarburized layer that decarburization in the technological process is produced is oxidized to oxide skin simultaneously, naturally removed the full Decarburized layer that decarburization produced thus, therefore obtain the low decarburization effect of no full Decarburized layer, solved the full Decarburized layer problem that high decarburizing tendency produced of material.Oxide skin is the frangible bulk material very low with material sticking power, has to stop further decarburization and shield.Big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material provided by the invention, the remarkable technique effect of the no full Decarburized layer of acquisition.
The present invention solves the high strength, high-ductility of big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material and another technical thought that low-alloy solves full Decarburized layer problem simultaneously again is middle carbon, composite alloying and rare noble alloy microalloying.Give full play to and strengthened the beneficial effect of alloying element like this, reduce the harm that alloying element produces, the prerequisite decline low alloyed element content obtaining obvious technique effect not only reduces material cost but also helps resources conseravtion.Composite alloying (comprising combined microalloying) is key of the present invention and technical characterstic, performance that alloy material had and behavior are the synergistic results of each constituent element (comprising trace element), rather than a certain alloying element simply, effect qualitatively or influence, especially improve constantly but require under the situation of high-ductility in the intensity of material.For example, Ultra-High Strength Maraging Steel is extremely strict to the requirement of carbon, even the increase of trace carbon all will destroy the performance of steel, makes maraging steel lose technical meaning and technical purpose; In phosphorous high tensile steel plate, the phosphorus that only adds trace just can significantly improve armor plate strength.This shows that effect of trace elements be can not ignore.
Big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material provided by the invention, be under the situation of strengthening element with Si, reduce the oxidation-resistance of material by the microalloy composite alloying of V and Nb, and utilize high temperature oxidation effect in the technological process to obtain the low decarburization effect of no full Decarburized layer, and, have vital role such as the strength of materials of raising and crystal grain thinning simultaneously.Big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material provided by the invention, the surfacing that is consumed in the high temperature natural oxidation seldom do not influence the dimension precision requirement of spring.The sticking power of oxide skin is very low, takes off nature after the quenching and comes off.
The Chemical Composition of big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material provided by the invention and weight percent proportioning are: C0.429～0.529%, Si0.70～1.19%, Mn0.50～1.20%, Cr0.50～1.20%, V0.01～0.07%, Nb0.01～0.07%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.025%, [O] 5～25ppm, its surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
As follows to further specifying of technical solution of the present invention:
The content that reduces carbon is unfavorable to improving intensity; It is unfavorable to improving plasticity and Heating temperature to carry high-carbon content, and easily causes hardening break.The C content of technical solution of the present invention is 0.429～0.529%.Quenching structure is middle carbon martensite tissue, is the tempering troostite tissue of the higher and high-ductility of intensity behind the average tempering, also is in order to improve quenching temperature, to be beneficial to big silk helical spring press working in footpath and the full Decarburized layer problem of solution.
Si is the alloying element that improves intensity, but increases decarburizing tendency, and has the effect that improves oxidation-resistance.In order to improve intensity and to reduce oxidation-resistance and decarburizing tendency, Si content is 0.70～1.19%.
The effect of Cr, Mn and mutual compound action are to improve intensity and hardening capacity.The low technique effect that do not reach of the content of Cr, Mn; Its high content can reduce the efficient of alloying element beneficial effect, is unfavorable for material cost, and produces deleterious effect, descends, reduces quenching temperature etc. as plasticity.Therefore, Cr content is 0.50～1.20%, Mn content is 0.50～1.20%.
V and Nb must add simultaneously, and the effect that this composite alloying produced is that single-element is unapproachable.It is generally acknowledged that V and Nb are the strong carbide elements, select V and Nb one or both, have the effect that improves intensity, improves elastoresistance decay and crystal grain thinning.In the present invention, V and Nb can not replace mutually, and be to adopt the amount of microalloy to add V and Nb simultaneously, the effect that it produced is microalloying, reduction oxidation-resistance, raising quenching temperature, grain refining, raising grain coarsening temperature, improve intensity and hardening capacity etc.For example, EN10089 grade of steel 54SiCrV6 spring steel only contains V strong carbide element, V content is at least more than 0.10%, and the present invention since V with Nb the time adding to make V content can only be 1/10th of 51CrV4 or 54SiCrV6 steel less to 0.01% level.V that the present invention adopts and the composite alloying of Nb have been obtained the microalloying effect that significantly reduces rare noble alloy constituent content.It should be noted that when considering the alloying element proportioning, consider that not only useful effect more will consider damaging effect.Take all factors into consideration, V content of the present invention is 0.01～0.07%, and Nb content is 0.01～0.07%.
Big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material provided by the invention, [O] is harmful element, reduces that [O] content can make the nonmetal inclusion of oxide type tiny, disperse and quantity reduces, and is favourable to the plasticity and toughness that improve material.The contriver discovers that further reducing [O] has the significant role that prevents along brilliant fracture, favourable to solving full Decarburized layer problem.Obviously, [O] is important factor or the technical characterictic in the technical solution of the present invention, has equal even prior technology status and effect with other alloying element; But low excessively [O] content is unfavorable to metallurgical method and cost.Take all factors into consideration, [O] of the present invention content is 5～25ppm.
S, P are harmful elements, reduce the plasticity and toughness of material.By amount control usually, S content≤0.025%, P content≤0.025%.
What the present invention adopted is existing helical spring material metallurgical production technology, only relates to high temperature heat treatment step and condition and be complementary with the performance of the target compound of the prescription of big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material of the present invention and acquisition.
The preparation method's step and the condition of big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material of the present invention are as follows: batching, electrosmelting, the outer ladle refining of stove and degassing processing, ingot casting or continuous casting, cogging, pickling, reconditioning, flaw detection, rolling; It is characterized in that the thermal treatment process that also comprises is: 900 ± 10 ℃ of quenching temperatures, oil quenching; 390 ± 10 ℃ of tempering temperatures.
Certainly, also can select other metallurgical technology for use, as esr.
The nonmetal inclusion of material of the present invention (JK grading) is: A≤1.5, B≤1.5, C≤1, D≤1.
Beneficial effect of the present invention and technical progress are as follows:
1) big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material provided by the invention, it is the big silk of a kind of thermal pressure processing purposes footpath helical spring material, have low decarburization, high strength, high-ductility and low-alloyed characteristics, solved the desired low decarburization of big silk footpath whisker, high strength, high-ductility and low-alloyed spring material problem.
The technical feature of material of the present invention is: full decarburized layer deepness=0mm, and tensile strength 1750～1900MPa, relative reduction in area 40～44%, alloy content is lower than EN10089 grade of steel 51CrV4 or 54SiCrV6 spring steel on year-on-year basis.
2) EN10089 grade of steel 51CrV4 and 54SiCrV6 are the thermal pressure processing purposes spring materials of advanced technology in the world.Table 1 is the technical feature contrast of big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material provided by the invention and EN10089 grade of steel 51CrV4 and 54SiCrV6 spring steel, can find out substantive significantly technique effect and advanced state of the art that the present invention is obtained:
(1) big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material provided by the invention does not have full Decarburized layer, and is suitable with EN10089 grade of steel 51CrV4 spring steel, but the strength ratio 51CrV4 of big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material provided by the invention improves 30%, plasticity improves 33%;
(2) the strength ratio EN10089 grade of steel 54SiCrV6 spring steel of big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material provided by the invention improves 6%, plasticity improves 14%, the more important thing is that there is full delamination problems in the 54SiCrV6 steel, big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material provided by the invention does not have full Decarburized layer.
Table 1
| Grade of steel | Tensile strength (MPa) | Relative reduction in area (%) | Full Decarburized layer (nm) | Standard and explanation |
| ??51CrV4 | ??1350~1650 | ??≥30 | ??0 | European standard EN10089:2002 (E) |
| ??54SiCrV6 | ??1650~1950 | ??≥35 | Seriously | European standard EN10089:2002 (E) |
| The present invention | ??1750～1900 | ??40～44 | ??0 | Data see the embodiment of the invention for details |
3) big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material provided by the invention is a kind of high strength and the big silk of high-ductility footpath helical spring material of thermal pressure processing purposes.The unique technique feature is arranged on composition and proportioning, see following contrast table 2 for details.On common alloying element, the present invention and 51CrV4 or 54SiCrV6 steel are suitable, but rare noble alloy element is starkly lower than 51CrV4 or 54SiCrV6 steel.Calculate by the price analogy, the V of material of the present invention and Nb content are equivalent to 50% of 51CrV4 or 54SiCrV6 steel V content, have obtained low-alloyed remarkable technique effect.Rare noble alloy compound with microalloying be distinguishing feature of the present invention, be substantial major technological breakthrough and technical progress significantly for existing spring material technology.
Table 2 (Wt%)
4) the helical spring spring filament diameter in big silk footpath more than 25mm, for high strength and the high-ductility that guarantees spring, requires spring material to have certain hardening capacity usually.
Table 3 is Hardenability Technique data contrasts of big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material provided by the invention and EN10089 grade of steel 54SiCrV6,51CrV4 and 52CrMoV4 spring steel, have high-hardenability by the visible material of the present invention of table, the oil quenching diameter can reach 50mm.
Table 3
| Grade of steel | To the end-to-end distance of quenching from (mm) | Hardness (HRC) | Oil quenching maximum diameter (nm) heart portion 90% martensite | Explanation |
| ??54SiCrV6 | ??6.5 | ??55 | ??14 | European standard EN10089:2002 (E), table 5 |
| ??51CrV4 | ??13 | ??54 | ??33 | European standard EN10089:2002 (E), table 5 |
| ??52CrMoV4 | ??20 | ??54 | ??54 | European standard EN10089:2002 (E), table 5 |
| The present invention | ??21 | ??55.5 | ??≥50 | Data see the embodiment of the invention for details |
5) big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material provided by the invention has solved the full Decarburized layer problem of thermal pressure processing purposes high-strength spring steel.This big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material is suitable for high temperature natural oxidation method, has solved the full Decarburized layer problem of high decarburizing tendency spring material, has obtained not have the significantly low decarburization technique effect of full Decarburized layer.It has been generally acknowledged that high temperature oxidation is deleterious, but big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material provided by the invention utilizes just this oxygenizement in the preparation process to solve the insoluble for a long time full Decarburized layer problem of industry.Compare with adding the method that Ni suppresses full Decarburized layer, big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material alloy content provided by the invention is very low especially not to contain rare noble alloy Ni, and material cost or economic advantages are remarkable.Table 2 is technique effect contrasts that big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material provided by the invention and the technical scheme of adding Ni solve full Decarburized layer problem, as can be seen the obtained substance and remarkable technique effect of the present invention.
Table 4
| The decarburization test conditions | Full decarburization layer depth (ferrite lamellae) (mm) | Data Source | |
| Korea S's Pu item Comparative Examples 2 | 900 ℃ of insulation 120min | ??0.19 | Chinese patent 94191328.7 open (table 1) |
| Korea S's Pu item example 1 | 900 ℃ of insulation 120min | ??0.13 | Chinese patent 94191328.7 open (table 1) |
| Korea S's Pu item example 2 | 900 ℃ of insulation 120min | ??0.08 | Chinese patent 94191328.7 open (table 1) |
| Korea S's Pu item example 3 | 900 ℃ of insulation 120min | ??0.06 | Chinese patent 94191328.7 open (table 1) |
| Material of the present invention | 900 ℃ of insulation 120min | ??0 | Data see the embodiment of the invention for details |
6) big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material provided by the invention, be used to make the big-wire diameter suspension helical spring of medium and heavy automobile, also can be used for the taper-leaf spring of car suspension helical spring, automobile torsion bar spring, stabilizer bar, middle thickness etc., and big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material provided by the invention, be the excellent material of high strength spring steel wire and oil quenching tempering spring wire, have purposes widely.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1) the Chemical Composition proportioning (Wt%) of embodiment 1 material sees Table 5, and its surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Table 5
| ??C | ??Si | ??Mn | ??P | ??S | ??Cr | ??V | ??Nb | ??[O] |
| ??0.50 | ??0.94 | ??0.84 | ??0.018 | ??0.006 | ??0.97 | ??0.03 | ??0.03 | ??14ppm |
2) the metallurgical production technology of embodiment 1 material is: by as above 1) material composition (Wt%) batching, industrial production electrosmelting, the outer ladle refining of stove and degassing processing, die casting, cogging, pickling, reconditioning, rolling.
3) hot rolling material of embodiment 1 material: Φ 16～Φ 35.
4) metallographic method of full decarburized layer deepness, grain fineness number and the nonmetal inclusion of embodiment 1 material check:
Φ 16 hot rolling materials, full decarburized layer deepness=0mm, 8 grades of grain fineness numbers.
Φ 34 samples, 900 ℃ of insulations (under the air condition) 120min, full decarburized layer deepness=0mm, 8 grades of grain fineness numbers.
Nonmetal inclusion such as following table 6.
Table 6
5) hardening capacity of embodiment 1 material
Jominy test (900 ℃ of austenitizing temperatures), testing data such as following table 7:
Table 7
| To quenched end distance (mm) | ?1.5 | ??3 | ??6 | ??9 | ??12 | ??15 | ??18 | ??21 | ??24 | ??27 | ??30 | ??35 | ??40 | ??45 | ??50 |
| Hardness (HRC) | ?58 | ??57 | ??57 | ??57.5 | ??57.5 | ??57 | ??57 | ??55.5 | ??55 | ??53 | ??52 | ??51 | ??47 | ??40 | ??35 |
Φ 34 samples, 900 ℃ of oil quenching, subsurface hardness 58HRC, the hardness HRC56.5 of 1/2R place, centre hardness HRC56.
6) mechanical property of embodiment 1 material.
Diameter 10mm, 5 multiple proportions example standard test specimen is by the national standard test.Thermal treatment process and mechanical property such as following table 8:
Table 8
| Sequence number | Quenching temperature (℃) | Quenchant | Tempering temperature (℃) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Relative reduction in area (%) |
| ??1 | ??900 | Oil | ??370 | ??1900 | ??41 |
| ??2 | ??900 | Oil | ??390 | ??1870 | ??44 |
| ??3 | ??900 | Oil | ??410 | ??1840 | ??43 |
| ??4 | ??920 | Oil | ??390 | ??1850 | ??44 |
| ??5 | ??940 | Oil | ??390 | ??1820 | ??43 |
Claims (2)
1. big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material, it is characterized in that: its Chemical Composition and weight percent proportioning are: C0.429～0.529%, Si0.70～1.19%, Mn0.50～1.20%, Cr0.50～1.20%, V0.01～0.07%, Nb0.01～0.07%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.025%, [O] 5～25ppm, its surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
2, the preparation method of big-wire diameter suspension helical spring material as claimed in claim 1, step and condition are as follows: batching, electrosmelting, the outer ladle refining of stove and degassing processing, ingot casting or continuous casting, cogging, pickling, reconditioning, flaw detection, rolling; It is characterized in that the thermal treatment process that also comprises is: 900 ± 10 ℃ of quenching temperatures, oil quenching; 390 ± 10 ℃ of tempering temperatures.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102586687A (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2012-07-18 | 东风汽车悬架弹簧有限公司 | Spring steel material with high strength and high hardenability |
| CN104451330A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-25 | 柳州市俊杰汽配制造有限公司 | Automobile balancing pole |
| CN104451332A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-25 | 柳州市俊杰汽配制造有限公司 | Hanger bracket for automobile |
| CN104451334A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-25 | 柳州市俊杰汽配制造有限公司 | Brake disc for automobile |
| CN105671428A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-06-15 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of steel material, hot-rolled flat steel and steel plate spring, manufactured steel plate spring and vehicle |
| CN106756513A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-05-31 | 山东雷帕得汽车技术股份有限公司 | A kind of spring steel for possessing low decarburization, high intensity and high-ductility performance |
| CN107190204A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-09-22 | 山东雷帕得汽车技术股份有限公司 | A kind of novel high-strength LPD52 spring steel |
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2008
- 2008-07-03 CN CN200810050912A patent/CN101619418A/en active Pending
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102586687A (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2012-07-18 | 东风汽车悬架弹簧有限公司 | Spring steel material with high strength and high hardenability |
| CN104451330A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-25 | 柳州市俊杰汽配制造有限公司 | Automobile balancing pole |
| CN104451332A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-25 | 柳州市俊杰汽配制造有限公司 | Hanger bracket for automobile |
| CN104451334A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-25 | 柳州市俊杰汽配制造有限公司 | Brake disc for automobile |
| CN105671428A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-06-15 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of steel material, hot-rolled flat steel and steel plate spring, manufactured steel plate spring and vehicle |
| CN105671428B (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2017-11-03 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of Steel material, flat hot rolled bar, the preparation method of leaf spring and prepared leaf spring and vehicle |
| CN106756513A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-05-31 | 山东雷帕得汽车技术股份有限公司 | A kind of spring steel for possessing low decarburization, high intensity and high-ductility performance |
| CN107190204A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-09-22 | 山东雷帕得汽车技术股份有限公司 | A kind of novel high-strength LPD52 spring steel |
| CN107190204B (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2019-01-04 | 山东雷帕得汽车技术股份有限公司 | A kind of high-strength spring steel |
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Application publication date: 20100106 |