CN107264761B - 电功率分配系统、用于为对应的任务供能的方法、用于船舶的推进系统和方法 - Google Patents
电功率分配系统、用于为对应的任务供能的方法、用于船舶的推进系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
该电能分配系统包括各由热力引擎(6)驱动并供应分配网络的电能发电机(G)的组合件;用于回收在热力引擎操作期间生成的热能并用于蒸发工作流体的部件(7);由工作流体驱动并与连接到分配网络的发电机相关联蒸汽涡轮机(8),用于将回收的热能转换成电能;以及布置在分配网络和电气负载之间的至少一个频率转换器(11)。它包括用于控制分配网络的频率的部件,其中蒸发的工作流体的流动速率被调节到最大值。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般涉及用于分配电能的系统,且具体而言,涉及用于在船舶上供应电荷的电能分配系统,例如,在采用电气推进的船舶的情况下的推进系统。
本发明还涉及用于配备有这种电功率分配系统的船舶的推进系统。
背景技术
船舶推进系统能够是各种类型。为了减少燃料消耗和向大气的污染物排放,已经提出使用驱动具有螺旋桨的传动轴系(line shafting)的主热力引擎和再循环主引擎的废气来驱动传动轴系连同热力引擎的蒸汽涡轮机。
在这点上,我们能够参考描述这种布置的文献GB 1159090。
我们还能够参考文献EP-B-2057068,其描述了另一种类型的推进系统,其包括专用于驱动传动轴系的主热力引擎,例如二冲程柴油引擎,并包括耦合到传动轴系并由分配网络供应的辅助电马达。
分配网络本身由通过辅助热力引擎驱动的发电机供应。
主热力引擎的废气压力用来驱动功率涡轮机,并且废气的热量在热交换器中用来驱动蒸汽涡轮机。这两个涡轮机与供应分配网络的发电机相关联。
机载电气系统中可用的电功率能够用来为在船上的各种任务供能或用于其推进。
回收在热力引擎操作期间生成的热能的系统(在这种情况下主热力引擎驱动传动轴系或辅助热力引擎以产生电力)被称为WHRS(即“余热回收系统”)。
在文献EP-B-2057068中描述的系统中,输送到蒸汽涡轮机的蒸汽的流速由阀调节。控制装置控制阀的打开,使得蒸汽压力保持在预定压力范围内。
更具体地,控制允许进入蒸汽涡轮机的蒸汽的压力,以便作用于消耗或产生的功率。
推进系统提供用于可逆操作。
根据第一操作模式,耦合的辅助电马达通过经由转换器从分配网络获取能量来促进螺旋桨轴的驱动。该操作模式通常被称为PTI(即“功率吸收(Power Take IN)”)。
辅助马达还能够在发电机模式中操作并且经由转换器将电能输送到分配网络。该操作模式通常被称为PTO(即“功率取出(Power Take Off)”)。
因此,如果由蒸汽涡轮机供应的功率增加到高值,使得蒸汽涡轮机是更加重载的,则耦合到传动轴系的辅助电马达在马达模式中操作,以便增加消耗的能量的量。
另一方面,如果蒸汽涡轮机中的压力降低,则耦合的辅助马达经由转换器在发电机模式中操作,以便重新注入用来供应分配网络所要求的功率。
WHRS系统的另一种控制技术是要使用根据速度和功率生成蒸汽涡轮机阀的控制信号的控制装置。
然而,已经发现,根据现有技术的WHRS系统的控制方法遭受一定数量的缺点,特别是因为系统的效率是相对低的,特别是关于最大可用能量值。在当辅助发电机并行操作时或当WHRS系统从PTI模式切换到PTO模式时的瞬时阶段(transient phase)期间也已观察到稳定性问题。
发明内容
鉴于上述,本发明的目的是要克服与现有技术相关联的缺点,并特别是要增加由WHRS系统输送的最大能量,同时提高系统在操作和瞬时阶段中的可靠性。
因此,本发明的目的在第一方面中是一种用于分配电能的系统,其包括各由热力引擎驱动并供应分配网络的电能发电机的组合件;用于回收在热力引擎操作期间生成的热能并且用于蒸发工作流体的部件;由工作流体驱动并与连接到分配网络的发电机相关联的蒸汽涡轮机,用于将回收的热能转换成电能;以及布置在分配网络和电气负载之间的至少一个频率转换器。
该分配系统还包括用于控制分配网络的频率的部件,其中蒸发的工作流体的流动速率被调节到最大值。
根据按照本发明的电能分配系统的另一个特性,控制部件包括用于在最小和最大频率值之间调节网络的频率的调节部件。
在一个实施例中,调节部件包括与积分比例型校正器相关联的锁相环。
有利地,所述或每个频率转换器是能够提供双向功率传递的双向转换器。
在一个实施例中,每个转换器包括滤波器输入级、有源整流电路、平滑电路和逆变器电路。
另外,每个转换器可包含输出滤波电感器。
因此,本发明的目的在第二方面中还是一种经由用于分配电能的系统供应电荷的方法,该系统包括:各由热力引擎驱动并供应分配网络的电能发电机的组合件;用于回收在热力引擎操作期间生成的热能并且用于蒸发工作流体的部件;由工作流体驱动并与连接到分配网络的发电机相关联的蒸汽涡轮机,用于将回收的热能转换成电能;以及布置在分配网络和电气负载之间的至少一个频率转换器,其特征在于蒸发的工作流体的流动速率被以最大蒸汽调节,且分配网络的频率被控制。
优选地,通过打开阀至最大来调节蒸发的工作流体的流动速率,以用于控制蒸发的工作流体的流动速率。
有利地,在最小和最大频率值之间调节网络的频率。
最后,本发明的目的在于一种用于船舶的推进系统,包括:
- 驱动传动轴系的主热力引擎;
- 耦合到传动轴系并由电功率分配网络供应的辅助电马达,所述分配网络由与电能发电机相关联的辅助热力引擎供应;
- 回收在推进系统操作期间生成的热能并用于蒸发工作流体的部件;
- 由工作流体驱动并与连接到分配网络的发电机相关联的蒸汽涡轮机,用于将回收的热能转换成电能,以及
- 布置在分配网络和辅助电马达之间的至少一个频率转换器;
其特征在于,它包括用于控制分配网络的频率的部件,其中蒸发的工作流体的流动速率被调节到最大值。
在一个实施例中,推进系统还包括电功率发电机的组合件,每个电功率发电机由热力引擎驱动并且供应分配网络。
还可以提供的是,推进系统还包括至少一个船首推进器,其包括能够通过电功率分配网络经由频率转换器供应的电马达,当船首推进器由所述网络供应时,所述网络由热力引擎供能。
根据第三方面,本发明具有经由推进系统来推进船舶的方法的另外的目的,所述推进系统包括驱动传动轴系的主热力引擎;耦合到传动轴系并由电功率分配网络供应的辅助电马达,所述分配网络由与电功率发电机相关联的辅助热力引擎供应;用于回收在推进系统操作期间生成的热能并且用于蒸发工作流体的部件;由工作流体驱动并与连接到分配网络的发电机相关联的蒸汽涡轮机,用于将回收的热能转换成电能;以及布置在分配网络和辅助电马达之间的至少一个频率转换器,其中蒸发的工作流体的流动速率被调节到最大蒸汽且分配网络的频率被控制。
有利地,根据该推进方法,分配网络通过各由热力引擎驱动的电功率发电机的组合件供应。
在一个实施例中,包括电马达的至少一个船首推进器通过电功率分配网络经由频率转换器供应,当船首推进器由所述网络供应时,所述网络由热力引擎供能。
本发明提供一组技术方案,如下:
1. 一种电功率分配系统,包括:电功率发电机(G)的组合件,每个电功率发电机由热力引擎(6)驱动并供应分配网络;
回收在热力引擎操作期间生成的热能并用于蒸发工作流体的部件(7);
由所述工作流体驱动并与连接到所述分配网络的发电机相关联的蒸汽涡轮机(8),用于将回收的热能转换成电能,以及
布置在所述分配网络和电气负载之间的至少一个频率转换器(11);
其特征在于,它包括用于控制所述分配网络的频率的部件,其中蒸发的工作流体的流动速率被调节到最大值。
2. 根据技术方案1所述的系统,其中所述控制部件包括用于在最小和最大频率值之间调节所述网络的所述频率的调节部件。
3. 根据技术方案1和2中的一个所述的系统,其中所述调节部件包括与比例积分校正器(25,26)相关联的至少一个锁相环(22)。
4. 根据技术方案1至3中任一项所述的系统,其中所述或每个频率转换器是能够提供双向功率传递的双向转换器。
5. 根据技术方案4所述的系统,其中每个转换器(11)包括滤波器输入级(12)、有源整流电路(13)、平滑电路(14)和逆变器电路(15)。
6. 根据技术方案5所述的系统,其中每个转换器还包括输出滤波电感器(L)。
7. 一种经由用于分配电能的系统供应电荷的方法,所述系统包括:各由热力引擎(6)驱动并供应分配网络(5)的电能发电机(4)的组合件;用于回收在所述热力引擎操作期间生成的热能并且用于蒸发工作流体的部件(7);由所述工作流体驱动并与连接到所述分配网络的发电机相关联的蒸汽涡轮机(8),用于将回收的热能转换成电能;以及布置在所述分配网络和电气负载之间的至少一个频率转换器(11),其特征在于蒸发的工作流体的流动速率被以最大蒸汽调节,且所述分配网络的频率被控制。
8. 根据技术方案7的所述方法,其中通过打开阀至最大来调节蒸发的工作流体的所述流动速率,以用于控制蒸发的工作流体的流动速率。
9. 根据技术方案7和8中的一个所述的方法,其中所述网络的所述频率在最小和最大频率值之间被调节。
10. 一种用于船舶的推进系统,包括:
- 驱动传动轴系的主热力引擎(1);
- 耦合到所述传动轴系并由电功率分配网络供应的辅助电马达(4),所述分配网络由与电能发电机(G)相关联的辅助热力引擎(6)供应;
- 回收在所述推进系统操作期间生成的热能并用于蒸发工作流体的部件(7);
- 由所述工作流体驱动并与连接到所述分配网络的发电机相关联的蒸汽涡轮机(8),用于将回收的热能转换成电能,以及
- 布置在所述分配网络和所述辅助电马达之间的至少一个频率转换器(11);
其特征在于,它包括用于控制所述分配网络的频率的部件,其中蒸发的工作流体的流动速率被调节到最大值。
11. 根据技术方案10所述的推进系统,还包括电功率发电机(G)的组合件,每个电功率发电机由热力引擎(6)驱动并供应所述分配网络。
12. 根据技术方案10和11的一个所述的推进系统,还包括包括能够通过电功率分配网络(5)经由频率转换器(11)供应的电马达(28)的至少一个船首推进器,当所述船首推进器由所述网络供应时,所述网络由所述热力引擎供能。
13. 一种经由推进系统推进船舶的方法,所述推进系统包括:驱动传动轴系的主热力引擎(1);耦合到所述传动轴系并由电功率分配网络供应的辅助电马达(4),所述分配网络由与电功率发电机(G)相关联的辅助热力引擎(6)供应;用于回收在所述推进系统操作期间生成的热能并且用于蒸发工作流体的部件(7);由所述工作流体驱动并与连接到所述分配网络的发电机相关联的蒸汽涡轮(8),用于将回收的热能转换成电能;以及布置在所述分配网络和所述辅助电马达之间的至少一个频率转换器(11),其特征在于蒸发的工作流体的流动速率被调节到最大蒸汽且所述分配网络的频率被控制。
14. 根据技术方案13所述的推进方法,其中通过各由热力引擎(6)驱动的电功率发电机(G)的组合件供应所述分配网络。
15. 根据技术方案13和14的一个所述的推进系统,其中至少一个船首推进器包括通过电功率分配网络(5)经由频率转换器(11)供应的电马达(28),当所述船首推进器由所述网络供应时,所述网络正由所述热力引擎供能。
附图说明
在参考附图阅读仅通过非限制性示例给出的以下描述,本发明的其它目的、特性和优点将变得显而易见,其中:
- 图1图示了根据本发明的包括电能分配系统的用于船舶的推进系统的一般架构;以及
- 图2、3和4图示了根据本发明的推进系统的实施例的不同变型。
具体实施方式
该推进系统首先包括驱动提供有螺旋桨3的马达轴2的热力引擎1,其配备有SGM型(即“轴发电机马达”)的辅助电马达4,其由具有固定频率的AC型的分配网络5供应。
网络5由发电机G的组合件供应,这里发电机G的数量为四个,各由辅助热力引擎例如6(在这种情况下为二冲程柴油引擎)驱动。
除了与发电机相关联的分配网络5和辅助热力引擎6之外,电功率分配系统还提供有用于回收热能的部件WHRS,其包括:接收用于蒸发工作流体(在这种情况下为水)的辅助电马达6的废气的热交换器7;和经由通过控制装置10控制的调节阀9从交换器接收蒸汽的蒸汽涡轮机8。
一旦蒸汽涡轮机上游的蒸汽压力超过Pmin最小值,控制装置就作用在阀9上以便将其控制在完全打开位置中。因此,控制装置包括用于测量蒸汽涡轮机8上游的压力的构件10a和将测量的压力值与用于控制阀9的最小值进行比较的比较器10b。
如图中所示,辅助电马达4经由频率转换器11由分配网络5供应。
转换器11是可逆转换器并且构成用于将固定频率网络5上的可用AC电压转换成用于供应辅助马达4的可变频率电压的固定频率-可变频率转换器。
在分配网络侧上,它包括滤波器输入级12、然后是有源整流电路13、平滑电路14、逆变器电路15和滤波电感L。
分配网络5基本上包括由辅助马达和与发电机G相关联的燃气涡轮机供应的主母线。
它还包括由主母线经由分配变压器16供应的次级母线5a。
还能够看出,系统包括能够将分配网络5与发电机G、频率转换器11和分配变压器隔离的多个电路断路器17、18和19。
附加的电路断路器,例如20,使得隔离次级供应母线5a和主供应母线5的部分成为可能。
最后,分配系统由用于控制分配网络的频率的级补充。
该级首先包括用于测量网络5上可用的电压的变压器21以及用于将测量的电压转换成频率的锁相环22。
比较器23提供了分配网络的频率与参考频率FREF的比较。比较器23在输出处与滞后功能(hysteresis function)24相关联,其当活动时,当测量的频率和参考频率之间的差高于阈值ΔFmin和ΔFmax时,在输出处再现输入。当差小于这些阈值时,滞后功能的输出为零。
滞后功能的输出被供应至比例积分校正器25,以将频率保持在滞后频带内。
另外,比较器27接收功率参考值Pref和校正器25的输出用于控制频率转换器。
最后,必须注意的是,分配网络也意图在船上供应各种电荷。
实际上,推进系统由互补马达补充,在这种情况下,船首马达(bow motor)28驱动承载螺旋桨的轴并由网络5经由自耦变压器29供应。
上述分配系统如下操作。
首先,当辅助马达6操作时,当被允许进入蒸汽涡轮机8的输入的蒸汽的压力增加时,这导致蒸汽涡轮机的加速和分配网络5的频率中的随后的增加,并且如果SGM马达处于马达模式中,则控制SGM马达以增加其有功功率消耗,或如果其处于发电机模式中,则控制SGM马达以减少其有功功率产生。
取决于辅助马达4的消耗,或者如果由蒸汽涡轮机供应的能量是过度可用的,则控制频率转换器11以便将可用能量经由辅助电马达4重新注入到传动轴系中。
如果蒸汽涡轮机的输入处可用的蒸汽压力降低,则如果SGM马达处于引擎模式中,则控制其以提高其有功功率消耗,或者如果其处于发电机模式中,则控制其以减少其有功功率产生,以便减少由蒸汽涡轮机生成的功率。频率转换器11的可逆性使其能够从发电机模式切换到马达模式,或者反之亦然。
然而,在蒸汽涡轮机的输入处可用的压力被控制并与Pmin极限值进行比较(图1)。一旦压力超过该极限值,阀9就控制在完全打开位置中,并且通过在由SGM马达经由频率转换器供应的功率电平作用来调节分配网络5的固定频率AC电压的频率。
最后,注意到,本发明不限于所描述的实施例。
实际上,在参考图1描述的实施例中,推进系统包括船首推进器,各包括电船首马达28,其驱动配备有螺旋桨的轴并由分配网络5经由自耦变压器29供应。
如图2、3和4所示,其中我们认识到配备有辅助电马达4的主热力引擎1(其共同驱动提供有螺旋桨3的马达轴2)和经由电路断路器18和变压器T连接到分配网络5的频率变换器11。作为变型,也有可能从转换器11供应船首马达28。
因此,当船舶正操纵时,即当船舶以低速移动并且分配网络5由与相应发电机G相关联的辅助马达6供能时,船首推进器可由频率转换器供应。
在图2的实施例中,能够由单个频率转换器供应多个船首马达,在这种情况下为两个。
在图3和图4的实施例中,船首马达能够由多个个并联连接的频率转换器11供应。
Claims (13)
1.一种电功率分配系统,包括:电功率发电机(G)的组合件,每个电功率发电机由热力引擎(6)驱动并供应分配网络;
回收在热力引擎操作期间生成的热能并用于蒸发工作流体的部件(7);
由所述工作流体驱动并与连接到所述分配网络的发电机相关联的蒸汽涡轮机(8),用于将回收的热能转换成电能,以及
布置在所述分配网络和电气负载之间的至少一个频率转换器(11);
其特征在于,它包括用于控制所述分配网络的频率的部件,其中蒸发的工作流体的流动速率被调节到最大值,
其中用于控制所述分配网络的频率的所述部件包括用于在最小和最大频率值之间调节所述分配网络的所述频率的调节部件,
其中所述调节部件包括与比例积分校正器(25,26)相关联的至少一个锁相环(22),以及接收功率参考值和所述校正器(25)的输出以用于控制所述频率转换器(11)的比较器(27)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中每个频率转换器是能够提供双向功率传递的双向转换器。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中每个频率转换器(11)包括滤波器输入级(12)、有源整流电路(13)、平滑电路(14)和逆变器电路(15)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的系统,其中每个频率转换器还包括输出滤波电感器(L)。
5.一种经由用于分配电能的系统供应电荷的方法,所述系统包括:由热力引擎(6)驱动并供应分配网络(5)的电功率发电机(4)的组合件;用于回收在所述热力引擎操作期间生成的热能并且用于蒸发工作流体的部件(7);由所述工作流体驱动并与连接到所述分配网络的发电机相关联的蒸汽涡轮机(8),用于将回收的热能转换成电能;以及布置在所述分配网络和电气负载之间的至少一个频率转换器(11),其特征在于蒸发的工作流体的流动速率被以最大蒸汽调节,且通过使用与比例积分校正器(25、26)相关联的至少一个锁相环(22),以及接收功率参考值和所述校正器(25)的输出以用于控制所述频率转换器(11)的比较器(27)将所述分配网络的频率控制在最小和最大频率值之间。
6.根据权利要求5的所述方法,其中通过打开阀至最大来调节蒸发的工作流体的所述流动速率,以用于控制蒸发的工作流体的流动速率。
7.根据权利要求5和6中的任一项所述的方法,其中所述分配网络的所述频率在最小和最大频率值之间被调节。
8.一种用于船舶的推进系统,包括:
- 驱动传动轴系的主热力引擎(1);
- 耦合到所述传动轴系并由电功率分配网络供应的辅助电马达(4),所述分配网络由与电功率发电机(G)相关联的辅助热力引擎(6)供应;
- 回收在所述推进系统操作期间生成的热能并用于蒸发工作流体的部件(7);
- 由所述工作流体驱动并与连接到所述分配网络的发电机相关联的蒸汽涡轮机(8),用于将回收的热能转换成电能,以及
- 布置在所述分配网络和所述辅助电马达之间的至少一个频率转换器(11);
其特征在于,它包括用于控制所述分配网络的频率的部件,其中蒸发的工作流体的流动速率被调节到最大值,
其中所述用于控制所述分配网络的频率的部件包括用于在最小和最大频率值之间调节所述网络的所述频率的调节部件,
其中所述调节部件包括与比例积分校正器(25,26)相关联的至少一个锁相环(22),以及接收功率参考值和所述校正器(25)的输出以用于控制所述频率转换器(11)的比较器(27)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的推进系统,还包括电功率发电机(G)的组合件,每个电功率发电机由所述辅助热力引擎(6)驱动并供应所述分配网络。
10.根据权利要求8和9的任一项所述的推进系统,还包括至少一个船首推进器,其中所述至少一个船首推进器包括能够通过电功率分配网络(5)经由频率转换器(11)供应的电马达(28),当所述船首推进器由所述分配网络供应时,所述分配网络由所述辅助热力引擎供能。
11.一种经由推进系统推进船舶的方法,所述推进系统包括:驱动传动轴系的主热力引擎(1);耦合到所述传动轴系并由电功率分配网络供应的辅助电马达(4),所述分配网络由与电功率发电机(G)相关联的辅助热力引擎(6)供应;用于回收在所述推进系统操作期间生成的热能并且用于蒸发工作流体的部件(7);由所述工作流体驱动并与连接到所述分配网络的发电机相关联的蒸汽涡轮(8),用于将回收的热能转换成电能;以及布置在所述分配网络和所述辅助电马达之间的至少一个频率转换器(11),其特征在于蒸发的工作流体的流动速率被调节到最大蒸汽,且通过使用与比例积分校正器(25、26)相关联的至少一个锁相环(22),以及接收功率参考值和所述校正器(25)的输出以用于控制所述频率转换器(11)的比较器(27)将所述分配网络的频率控制在最小和最大频率值之间。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中通过由所述辅助热力引擎(6)驱动的电功率发电机(G)的组合件供应所述分配网络。
13.根据权利要求11和12的任一项所述的方法,其中至少一个船首推进器包括通过电功率分配网络(5)经由频率转换器(11)供应的电马达(28),当所述船首推进器由所述分配网络供应时,所述分配网络由所述辅助热力引擎供能。
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EP16305376.2A EP3225536B1 (fr) | 2016-03-31 | 2016-03-31 | Système de distribution d'énergie électrique, procédé d'alimentation d'une charge correspondant, système et procédé de propulsion pour navire |
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