CN107260811B - 具有防治痤疮功效的皮肤养护/治疗组合物 - Google Patents
具有防治痤疮功效的皮肤养护/治疗组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107260811B CN107260811B CN201710489353.6A CN201710489353A CN107260811B CN 107260811 B CN107260811 B CN 107260811B CN 201710489353 A CN201710489353 A CN 201710489353A CN 107260811 B CN107260811 B CN 107260811B
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- essential oil
- osmanthus
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- skin care
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Abstract
具有防治痤疮功效的皮肤养护/治疗组合物,以桂花精油形式的提取物为活性成分,重量组成包括:桂花精油形式提取物0.006%~0.2%,余量为皮肤外用制剂中可以接受的辅料成分。其中,所述桂花精油形式提取物中作为标志性成分的脂肪醇类衍生物和脂肪酮类衍生物的气相色谱‑质谱的色谱离子峰的面积之和,至少应为桂花精油形式提取物气相色谱全部峰面积总和的40%。实验表明,以本发明该皮肤养护/治疗组合物制成的药物和/或化妆品制剂,可显著减少皮脂的过多分泌,并有助于减少因皮脂分泌过多而导致的痤疮。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可具有防治痤疮功效的皮肤养护治疗组合物,可作为对有皮脂分泌过多症状或为易患痤疮的皮肤具有养护/治疗作用的外用药物或化妆品。
背景技术
痤疮,俗称青春痘、粉刺或暗疮,为一种毛囊皮脂腺的慢性炎症性皮肤疾病,中医古代称为面疮或酒刺,是皮肤科常见病和多发病,好发于青春期人群,发病原因多与雄激素分泌增加,皮脂腺分泌旺盛,毛囊皮脂腺导管发生角化过度以及痤疮丙酸杆菌感染等因素有关。也有研究报道,其还可能与遗传、免疫以及内分泌障碍等有关。其中得到比较公认的原因认为内分泌增加(特别是雄性激素分泌增加),刺激皮脂腺过多分泌皮脂,加之毛囊的上皮增生,阻塞毛囊皮脂腺管口,随后发生细菌感染,引起慢性化脓性毛囊炎。现有的研究也表明,雄激素的分泌过盛可刺激皮脂腺分泌明显增多,然而当激素水平发生异常后,皮脂腺分泌也发生变化,导致皮脂成分改变如亚油酸含量减少,临床上表现为脓疮、丘疹、脓肿、结节等。痤疮多发生在面部、胸部和后背等部位。
目前有关痤疮的药物治疗方法大致分为西药治疗,中西药结合治疗和中药治疗三类。药物治疗包括内服、外用或两者同时兼用。药物治疗的主要出发点有调节内分泌(如激素),以降低雄性激素分泌水平,从而达到降低皮脂分泌水平;抗皮脂分泌药物(如维A酸等),这是直接抑制皮脂腺的分泌能力,达到减少皮脂的作用;抗生素(如氯霉素等),杀灭或抑制细菌,从而减少感染。中药则是主要以清热解毒药物为主。痤疮的治疗除了药物治疗外,还需要患者注意日常的清洁卫生。洗面奶是清洗皮脂最常用的日化品。洗面奶虽可以较完全地清洗掉皮脂,但频繁地使用洗面奶,反而会刺激皮脂腺更旺盛地分泌皮脂,导致恶性循环。
激素类药物的长期使用,可能导致严重的毒副作用,特别是对于正处于青春期的青少年而言,可能会导致其生殖功能紊乱。所以激素用于痤疮的治疗需要严格控制,并需要在医师的指导下进行。抗皮脂分泌药物主要是通过抑制皮脂腺的分泌,长期使用则可能导致皮脂腺功能障碍,进而导致干皮症等危害;抗生素的长期使用则可能会导致菌群平衡失调,甚至可能导致真菌感染,因此,抗生素在用于痤疮的治疗方面也受到严格控制。
从上述的痤疮的现有药物治疗方法中,可以看出,控制皮脂的分泌量是主要关注点。
皮脂是由皮脂腺分泌的一种混合的脂类,包含角鲨烯、蜡、胆固醇以及游离和成酯形式的甘油三酯,起到对皮肤的保护作用。皮脂量过少可能导致干皮症。皮脂量过多则容易形成痤疮。
当然,采用洗面乳、洗面奶或香皂或其它洗剂,也可以将皮肤表面的皮脂清洗掉。但是,频繁地使用洗面乳、洗面奶或香皂或其他洗剂,会打破为保持皮脂腺分泌平衡的自然调节机制,反而会促进皮脂腺更多的分泌,因而“洗除”皮肤表面的皮脂并不能有效解决皮脂分泌过多的问题。
发明内容
鉴于此,本发明提供了一种具有防治痤疮功效的皮肤养护/治疗组合物,可作为皮肤局部外用药物和/或化妆品等制剂形式使用,至少能显著减少局部皮肤的皮脂分泌,并对因皮脂分泌过多引致痤疮有辅助的治疗作用。
本发明具有防治痤疮功效的皮肤养护/治疗组合物中的基本活性成分,是含有桂花芳香性挥发成分的桂花精油形式的提取物;特别是在无其它特殊需要而主要为降低皮肤表面皮脂分泌过多症状时,所述的桂花精油形式的提取物,可以作为本发明所述组合物中的唯一活性成分。
桂花是木樨科木犀属下众多树木的习称,代表物种木犀(Osmanthus fragrans(Thunb.) Lour.),又名桂花、岩桂、九里香等,常绿乔木或灌木,花冠合瓣四裂,形小。由于桂花显著的甜美芳香的气味和味道,其作为食品加工领域中的添加成分已有广泛的应用和悠久的历史。经过长期的人工栽培和自然杂交,目前已形成了多种栽培品种,如四季桂、金桂、丹桂和银桂等。我国现已登录的桂花栽培品种达150余个(刘玉莲:桂花品种资源及其分类研究,江苏林业科技,2000,(S1):26-31;臧德奎等:中国桂花的研究历史、现状与桂花品种国际登录,植物资源与环境学报,2003,(04):49-53;臧德奎等:桂花品种研究(英文),南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2004(S1):7-13)。
植物精油是指采用水蒸气蒸馏法获得的,在常温下可完全挥发的、具有特殊气味的油状液体。精油的化学成分一般较复杂,根据其结构可分为醇类化合物、醛和酮类化合物、小分子有机酸类化合物、萜类化合物、芳香族类化合物等特殊化合物。一般可具有多种生理活性,包括抗菌、消炎、抗病毒、镇痛、抗肿瘤、驱蚊虫、促渗透、抗氧化等。桂花的花卉中含有一定量的精油成分,桂花的特征性气味主要来源于桂花精油的各种化学成分。现有研究显示,尽管目前的桂花品种繁多,但至少在构成其特征性芳香成分的组成上实际并无本质差异。
桂花精油的制备方法,是目前已有许多研究和文献报道的成熟技术,所用的原料包括桂花的鲜花、盐渍桂花和冷冻桂花等。
公开号CN106281686A的中国发明专利公开了一种桂花精油的制备方法:桂花粉碎后加入20-100倍质量的水,混合均匀后加入至提取釜中,并加热提取釜至釜内液体温度达到55-65℃,然后开启真空泵,使提取釜内形成真空状态,真空度以提取釜内体液沸腾为准,然后关闭提取釜与真空泵之间的通路,并使提取釜、冷凝器、缓存罐、疏水性渗透汽化系统以及分液器等形成通路,开始渗透汽化粗提桂花精油,桂花精油在分液器中得到收集并分离成油相和水相,油相为桂花粗油;桂花粗油用亲水性渗透汽化系统进行精提,进一步去除水分至精油中水分含量小于0.1%得到桂花精油。
公开号CN106244327A的中国发明专利,公开了一种桂花精油的提取方法,是将清洗干净的桂花冷冻干燥,粉碎过150目筛后加水,用超声波处理35~50min,处理后的粉末放入水蒸汽蒸馏装置中蒸馏得到桂花精油。
公开号CN105441193A的中国发明专利,公开了一种桂花精油的提纯方法,该方法经桂花清洗、超声、萃取以及精馏等步骤,得到纯度高于99的桂花精油。
公开号CN106609186A和CN106281691A的中国发明专利,分别提供了一种桂花提炼精油的方法,是将桂花洗净、晾干,并粉碎至100目以下;将醚液态丁烷溶剂反复淋在预萃取的桂花碎末上,然后将其置蒸馏器中蒸馏,得到含有桂花精油的蒸汽;利用吸附剂对所得含有桂花精油的蒸汽进行吸附处理;将经过吸附剂的蒸汽送入冷却塔中冷却,将冷凝液送入油水分离塔中,分离出桂花精油。
公开号CN105112167A的中国发明专利,提供了一种桂花精油的提取方法,将挑选的桂花清洗杀菌,引入湿空气,获得带有桂花精油的湿空气;降温,去除冷凝水,使用吸附剂吸附;萃取后减压蒸馏,得到桂花精油。
公开号CN104342289的中国发明专利涉及的一种桂花香精油提取方法,是将去杂整理干净的新鲜桂花,用30-50W的紫外灯照射2-3小时,待桂花萎凋,失水率为75%~85%时停止光照,再将其置于恒温炉中,在氮气的保护下于35℃-40℃下干燥1-2小时。将干桂花置萃取釜中,在温度35℃-40℃和压力16-18MPa条件下,以CO2流量3-5kg/h进行超临界CO2萃取2-3小时;将得到的桂花浸膏用无水乙醇溶解,冷却后密封保存于-18℃冰箱中12小时,经针头过滤器过滤,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,得到的橙黄色透明油状液体的桂花精油。
公开号CN104004590A的中国发明专利,公开了一种丹桂花精油提取方法,是用盐腌制鲜花后,在冷库中15~20℃储存,通过二次蒸馏等技术提取丹桂花挥发性成分,在不引入有机溶剂的前提下,不仅有效保证了丹桂花中大部分挥发性成分被提出,避免非丹桂花精油成分的引入,同时将丹桂花精油的提取率较其它蒸馏工艺高出20%左右。
公开号CN101775337A的中国发明专利,公开了一种以桂花为原料,同时制备桂花精油、干品桂花、桂花精华露的方法,是在对桂花鲜花进行真空干燥得到干品桂花过程中的水蒸气和挥发油气体,冷凝为液体得到油水混合液,经油水分层后收集上层得到桂花精油,下层得到桂花精华露。
公开号CN101705150A的中国发明专利,公开了一种桂花香料的绿色制备方法,是将盐桂花依次经漂洗、甩干、粉碎后,在设定的超临界状态下用超临界CO2设备萃取,桂花的可溶性成分被CO2溶解并携带依次进入两个分离釜。从第一个分离釜的底部收得桂花浸膏。
公开号CN101597543A的中国发明专利,公开了一种以桂花为原料,同时制备桂花香精、水溶精粉、纤维微粉的方法,是将桂花经湿法破碎得到桂花浆,经真空蒸馏得到油水混合气体和浓缩浆;油水混合气体冷凝为液体,油水分层后收集得到桂花净油,桂花净油经分子蒸馏纯化后得到桂花精油。浓缩浆经固液分离后得到含水固渣和混合水溶液,含水固渣干燥后得到纤维微粉;混合水溶液经膜分离得到水溶液浓浆干燥后得到水溶活性精粉。
在此基础上,本发明具有防治痤疮功效的皮肤养护/治疗组合物的重量组成包括:
桂花精油形式提取物 0.006%~0.2%,
皮肤外用制剂可以接受的辅料成分 余量,
其中,所述桂花精油形式提取物活性成分中作为标志性成分的脂肪醇类衍生物和脂肪酮类衍生物的气相色谱-质谱的离子峰面积之和,至少应为桂花精油形式提取物的气相色谱-质谱的全部离子峰面积总和的40%。
其中所述的活性成分,可以为上述各品种的桂花鲜花、冷冻鲜花或盐渍鲜花为原料,采用目前已有报道和/或使用的水蒸气蒸馏法制备得到的桂花精油形式的提取物,或是含有所述桂花精油成分的芳香水。
进一步,上述组成中的桂花精油形式提取物活性成分重量含量可优选为0.01%~0.2%;更好的比例可以为0.06%~0.2%。
作为本发明上述组合物中活性成分的桂花精油形式提取物,一般情况下多为呈淡黄色至黄色的油状液体(颜色的深浅主要与制备方法及条件、过程有关,例如提取的温度高,则颜色较深;温度低,则颜色可较浅),具有桂花的特征香气,相对密度20℃/20℃通常可为0.80~0.85。其中,作为本发明所述活性成分桂花精油提取物质量控制的标志性成分的脂肪醇类衍生物和脂肪酮类衍生物气相色谱-质谱峰的离子峰面积之和,至少应为桂花精油气相色谱-质谱峰的离子峰面积总和的40%,这是保证其具有桂花特定芳香气味和有效性所必需的。所述活性成分桂花精油形式提取物中标志性成分的脂肪醇类衍生物和脂肪酮类衍生物气相色谱-质谱峰的离子峰的面积之和,一般控制为桂花精油气相色谱-质谱峰的离子峰面积总和的45%~80%范围都是较为理想的。
另一方面,本发明上述具有防治痤疮功效的皮肤养护/治疗组合物中所述活性成分中,所述桂花精油形式提取物活性成分中的标志性成分脂肪醇类衍生物和脂肪酮类衍生物的含量比例优选为(40-60):(5~20),是保证所述活性成分具有桂花特定芳香气味和有效性的另一种可参考方式。
与目前各类药物/化妆品类似,为适应或满足不同使用对象的特点、实际情况、使用条件或环境等多方面的使用需求,上述皮肤养护/治疗组合物组成中所述的皮肤外用制剂可以接受的辅料成分,可以包括在外用药物和/或化妆品制剂中可以接受的各类辅料添加成分。例如,除作为最为普遍使用的水外,还可以分别选择如软化剂或润滑剂,增稠剂,表面活性剂或乳化剂,稳定剂或保存剂或防腐剂,皮肤渗透促进剂,角质蛋白溶解剂,防晒剂等常用辅料中的一种或几种成分的组合。其中,
软化剂或润滑剂,可包括常用的动物油、植物油或矿物油等油类物质,凡士林,石蜡,纯地蜡,天然地蜡,微晶蜡,全氢角鲨烯,二甲基聚硅氧烷,甲基苯基聚硅氧烷,硅氧烷-乙二醇共聚物,三酸甘油酯,乙酰化单酸甘油酯,乙氧化甘油酯,脂肪酸的烷基酯,脂肪酸和醇类,羊毛脂和羊毛脂衍生物,多元醇酯,甾醇,蜂蜡衍生物,多元醇和聚醚类,以及脂肪酸的酰胺等。可有助于软化皮肤角质层,滋润皮肤。
增稠剂,可以包括如黄原胶、黄原胶盐水耐受剂、羟丙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、水溶乙烯基聚合物(carbopol)和阿拉伯树胶,以及铝硅酸镁盐或铝硅酸镁等,可有助于提高制剂使用时的延展性,方便涂抹。
乳化剂或表面活性剂,可以有阳离子乳化剂、阴离子乳化剂、非离子乳化剂、两性乳化剂等,或是其不同形式的组合,其中可优选的是非离子乳化剂,如已得到广泛使用的聚山梨糖醇、脱水山梨糖醇、烷氧化脂肪醇和烷基聚糖苷等。阴离子乳化剂可以选择如皂、烷基硫酸盐、单烷基和双烷基磷酸盐、烷基磺酸盐和酰基异硫代硫酸盐等常用的品种。此类成分有利于使所述的有效成分形成水包油和/或油包水的乳化状态,使有效成分能更均匀地分散在制剂中。
湿润剂,可包括常用的尿素,吡咯烷酮羧酸(PCA,皮肤保湿成分),氨基酸,包括丙二醇,1,3-丁二醇,甘油、山梨醇等在内的常用多元醇类,以及如聚乙二醇,透明质酸等其他具有吸湿性的化合物,有利于提高所述活性成分的利用率。
保存剂(防腐剂)或稳定剂,可包括如烷醇,特别是乙醇和苯甲醇,以及羟苯甲酸酯、山梨酸酯、咪唑烷基脲衍生物、碘丙炔醇丁基胺甲酸酯和异噻唑啉酮等。能抑制制剂中微生物的繁殖,保障制剂在限定保质期限内的品质。
角质蛋白溶解剂或脱落剂,可包括水杨酸、过氧化苯甲酰、曲酸苯醌、甘草衍生物、抗坏血酸及其衍生物(如抗坏血酰基磷酸镁)、甘油酸(glycerhetinic acid)及其衍生物等化妆品中常用的有助于改善或提高皮肤光亮性的成分。
皮肤渗透促进剂可包括如氮酮(月桂氮䓬酮),二甲基亚砜,N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮,1-丁基-3-十二烷基-2-吡咯烷酮,1-己基-2-吡咯烷酮,1-月桂酰-2-吡咯烷酮,丙二醇, 油酸,吐温-80,吐温-60,司盘-60,卵磷脂,泊洛沙姆和卡波姆,冰片,薄荷脑等成分,有利于促进活性成分穿透皮肤,提高活性效果。
防晒剂可有如二氧化钛,氧化锌,对甲氧基肉桂酸异辛酯,二苯丙酮-1、二苯丙酮-2 和二苯丙酮-4,芦荟提取物,黄芩提取物等,有利于降低紫外线对皮肤的再损伤,保障活性成分的效果。
本发明上述皮肤养护/治疗组合物,可以制成目前已有报道/使用的不同类型/形式的皮肤外用药物和/或化妆品供使用,可包括水剂、喷剂、乳液剂、乳霜剂、乳膏剂、乳条剂、凝胶剂、软膏剂、胶布或贴布、巴布剂、脂质体调配物等形式的皮肤外用药物和/或化妆品制剂。例如,
乳霜膏形式的制剂,可以由所述比例的桂花精油形式提取物活性成分,与0.5~50(w)%(以下未特别说明时均为w%)的软化剂,0.1~6%的增稠剂,及余量部分的水共同组成;或者由所述比例的桂花精油形式提取物活性成分,与0.5~50%软化剂,0.1~30%的乳化剂,0.1~6%的增稠剂及余量部分的水共同组成。
微乳液形式的制剂,可以由所述比例的桂花精油形式提取物活性成分,与0.5~20%的凡士林等外用制剂中常用烃类成分,0.5~20%的霍霍巴油、橄榄油、大米油、玉米胚芽油等外用制剂中常用的一种或多种油类成分及余量部分的水共同组成;或由所述比例的桂花精油形式提取物活性成分,与0.5~15%的烃,1~15%的油,0.1~10%的甘油、1,3-丁二醇、丙二醇等外用制剂中常用的一种或多种脂肪醇成分,30%的吐温-80,吐温-60,司盘-60,卵磷脂等非离子表面活性剂,及余量部分的水共同组成。
乳液形式的制剂,可包括如常用的水包油型或油包水型乳液,以及如水/油/水型、油/水/硅氧烷流体型三重乳液等形式的多相乳液(可参照美国专利No.4254105、No.4960764等文献)。
脂质体调配物形式的制剂,可以将所述比例的桂花精油形式提取物活性成分的液滴包埋在以磷脂或其他适宜脂质(如皮脂)外壳的脂质体囊内,形成如脂质体、纳米粒、乳剂或微球形式的组合物,或可将所述的桂花精油形式提取物活性成分包埋在由明胶、交联明胶、聚酰胺、聚丙烯酸酯等适当聚合物外壳的聚合囊内,形成囊后再掺入所述该组合物中。具体方法可参照《药剂学》第450页-475页(陆彬主编,药剂学,中国医药科技出版社,北京,2003年出版)。
由上述内容还可以理解,作为本发明上述皮肤养护/治疗组合物中的活性成分,除直接使用上述的桂花精油形式提取物外,作为其替代物使用的活性成分,也可以为含有上述相应比例量精油成分提取物的桂花其它形式的提取物。由于在该“替代物”中的实际活性成分仍是其中所含有的桂花精油形式提取物,因此所述的含有上述相应比例量的相应精油成分提取物,是指作为所述活性成分“替代物”的使用量中经折算,仍应含有上述同样组成形式和比例量的桂花精油形式提取物,以保证在所获得的制剂中能含有足够有效量的实际活性成分。根据目前文献的报道及实验结果显示,所述“精油”等形式的桂花提取物中实际含有的所述桂花精油提取物的比例通常可为40%-80%。
由于皮脂分泌过多是痤疮的一个典型症状表现和病因,除皮脂分泌过多外,不少痤疮皮肤疾患还可能伴有不同形式/程度的皮肤损伤或其他症状。因此,在本发明上述形式的组合物基础上,根据综合治疗或缓解其他方面症状的需要,还可以根据中国药典规定允许使用的成分和/或用量范围,进一步含有其他适当的辅助活性成分,包括抗生素类成分,抗/杀菌或真菌性成分,营养性成分(维生素、氨基酸),类视黄醇(retinoids)成分,抗过敏成分,H1和/或H2抗组胺成分,激素类成分,麻醉性成分等中的至少一种。例如,
抗生素类成分,可包括如红霉素、四环素、多西霉素、头孢菌素、青霉素、大环内酯类等;肽化合物中的新生霉素、万古霉素、竹桃霉素、巴龙霉素、桂晶白霉素等;带大环内酯分子的安福霉素、喹诺酮衍生物等;以及具有干扰细菌等微生物的细胞壁合成、膜功能、RNA代谢、嘌呤、嘧啶和蛋白质合成、呼吸或磷酸化作用等功能的化合物。
抗/杀真菌类成分,包括如克霉唑、酮康唑、咪康唑、萘替芳、托萘酯、两性霉素B、制霉菌素、5-氟胞嘧啶、灰黄霉素、卤普罗近等。
维生素类成分,包括如维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素D3、1,25-二羟基维生素D3、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素K、维生素E、生育三烯酚类及其衍生物、烟酸及其酯类、泛酸及其酯类、泛醇、叶酸及其衍生物、胆碱、肉碱以及无正式维生素状态的物质,酶辅因子,以及如视黄醇、视黄酸、棕榈酸视黄基酯、丙酸视黄基酯、乙酸视黄基酯、异视黄酸及合成的类视黄素模拟物等可具有促进修复修复作用的类视黄醇化合物。
激素类成分,包括雌三醇、雌二醇、雌酮或缀合的雌激素组合成组合物;氢化可的松、羟基曲安西龙(hydroxytriamcilone)、α-甲基地塞米松、磷酸地塞米松、二丙酸氯地米松(beclamethasone dipropionate)、戊酸氢化可的松、氢化可的松环戊丙酸酯、泼尼松龙及其混合物(可优选泼尼松龙和氢化可的松)等皮质酮成分。在所述组合物中用量的比例范围一般可为0.025~10%,优选的范围是0.5-1%(重量%)。
氨基酸类成分,包括如甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、丝氨酸、硫堇、蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、天冬酰胺、组氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、赖氨酸、胱氨酸、半胱氨酸、色氨酸、丝氨酸、苯丙氨酸、瓜氨酸、肌酸、脯氨酸、3-或4-羟脯氨酸、5-羟赖氨酸、鸟氨酸及其衍生物、3-氨基丙酸,以及如氨基羧酸中的刀豆氨酸、副刀豆氨酸、高精氨酸、牛磺酸、氨基醛糖酸和氨基糖、氨基糖醛酸、氨基醛糖二酸、脱乙酰透明质酸、玻璃二糖醛酸(hyalobiuronic acid)、软骨胶素、脱硫肝素、神经氨酸或唾液酸、蛋氨酸砜、甘氨酰甘氨酸、软骨素、D,L-鞘氨醇、鞘磷脂、蛇肉肽、胰高血糖素、高肌肽、磷脂酰丝氨酸、可可基两性甘氨酸 (cocoamphoglycine)、磷脂酰乙醇胺、半胱亚磺酸、谷胱甘肽、两性无机氧化物、聚酰氨基胺、基于聚酰氨基胺的树枝状物、羟甲基甘氨酸钠和聚乙烯胺等,可以增强本发明上述组合物对皮肤的一般活性和温和性。
抗过敏剂和H1和/或H2抗组胺类成分,可包括如二苯基醇胺、克立咪唑(clomisole)、安他唑啉、噻苯哌胺、苄苯醇胺柠檬酸盐,以及三环抗过敏剂的酮替芬,二硫庚啶和硫庚啶(thiadene)中的3-噻吩基硫化物,H2受体阻滞剂,特别是布立马胺、甲硫米特和西咪替丁(cimetidien)、色甘酸(cromolic acid)及其盐等。
本发明上述皮肤养护/治疗组合物,可以采用目前对相应制剂形式的皮肤外用药物或化妆品中现有的成熟技术制备得到。以常用的乳霜型制剂为例,可通过目前化妆品生产中的常规方式,将所用的水相和油相等各种物料在高压均质器中混合均质化,形成50-200纳米大小乳液粒子的乳霜膏制品;或也可采用微流化方法,且无需使用传统乳化剂和表面活性剂,即可制备得到相应的精美且稳定的乳霜膏制品。
对比实验结果显示,本发明上述形式的皮肤养护/治疗组合物,可以有效溶解皮脂,并将皮脂带入皮肤角质层,保持皮肤的皮脂总量不变,从而利用细胞负反馈机制,降低皮脂腺的皮脂分泌,对皮肤皮脂分泌过多具有显著的减轻效果,并对痤疮的综合治疗产生直接或间接的积极作用。
以下通过实施例的具体实施方式再对本发明的上述内容作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。在不脱离本发明上述技术思想情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段做出的各种替换或变更,均应包括在本发明的范围内。
具体实施方式
下述各实施例中所使用的桂花精油提取物,如非特别说明,均为以四川成都地区产金桂的冷冻鲜花为原料,按照徐继明等人在“桂花精油化学成分研究”(分析试验室,2007,(01):37-41)中报道的方法,采用水蒸气蒸馏法制备得到的桂花精油形式的提取物(黄色油状液体,具有桂花的特征气味,相对密度20℃/20℃为0.8,气相色谱-质谱分析,含脂肪醇类衍生物55.9%和脂肪酮类衍生物10.4%和含桂花精油的芳香水作为有效成分(无色水液,具有桂花的特征气味,相对密度20℃/20℃为1.0;经测定其中含桂花精油为0.06%(w/w);气相色谱-质谱分析,所含精油中含脂肪醇类衍生物50.9%,脂肪酮类衍生物11.6%)。
实施例1:控油保湿霜(化妆品制剂)
组成:
组 成 | 克 |
桂花精油提取物 | 0.01 |
甘油(厦门星鲨制药有限公司,批号:140901) | 7.0 |
硬脂酸(天津市鼎盛鑫化工有限公司,生产日期:2016年3月10日) | 8.0 |
羊毛脂(天津市致远化学试剂有限公司,生产日期:2016年4月10日) | 2.0 |
乳化剂(聚山梨醇-80,成都科龙化工试剂厂,批号:151201) | 1.5 |
防腐剂(杰马BP,上海同顶实业有限公司,批号:20160301) | 0.1 |
去离子水 | 加至100 |
制备方法:按常规化妆品制备方法,将上述组成中的硬脂酸、羊毛脂和聚山梨醇-80混合,70-80℃水浴加热熔化成液态(油相)。另将甘油、防腐剂加入到去离子水中,搅拌溶解均匀后,水浴加热至70-80℃(水相)。在保持70-80℃温度,并在搅拌下,缓慢将水相加入到油相中至乳化形成,待冷却后,加入桂花精油提取物,混合均匀。即制得所述产品。
实施例2:控油保湿乳剂(化妆品制剂)
组成:
组 成 | 克 |
桂花精油提取物 | 0.02 |
甘油(同实施例1) | 6.0 |
硬脂酸(同实施例1) | 2.0 |
1,3-丁二醇(美国OXEA,上海同顶实业有限公司,批号:20160115) | 1.0 |
木糖醇(山东福田药业有限公司,批号:116032307) | 0.5 |
乳化剂(同实施例1) | 1.5 |
防腐剂(同实施例1) | 0.1 |
去离子水 | 89 |
制备方法:按常规化妆品制备方法,将上述组成中的硬脂酸、木糖醇和乳化剂混合,70-80℃水浴加热熔化成液态,在保持70-80℃温度,并在搅拌下,加入20克的去离子水,搅拌至乳化完成,放冷。另将甘油,1,3-丁二醇和防腐剂加入到剩余的去离子水中,搅拌溶解均匀。将乳化完成的乳化液,加入到溶解了甘油,1,3-丁二醇和防腐剂的水中,搅拌均匀,加入桂花精油提取物、搅拌均匀即制得所述产品。
实施例3:控油保湿水(化妆品制剂)
组成:
组 成 | 克 |
甘油(同实施例1) | 5.0 |
防腐剂(同实施例1) | 0.1 |
含桂花精油提取物的芳香水(含0.06%w/w桂花精油) | 加至100 |
制备方法:将甘油、防腐剂直接加入到含桂花精油提取物的芳香水中,搅拌均匀,高温灭菌后,即得到所述产品。
实施例4:控油保湿凝胶(化妆品制剂)
组成:
组 成 | 克 |
甘油(同实施例1) | 6.0 |
卡波姆940(广州美懿生物科技有限公司,批号:160415) | 0.5 |
杰马BP(上海同顶实业有限公司,批号:20160301) | 0.1 |
三乙醇胺(成都市科隆化学品有限公司,批号:2016122101) | 0.5 |
含桂花精油提取物的芳香水(含0.06%w/w桂花精油) | 加至100 |
制备方法:取卡波姆,加入甘油和70克芳香水,搅匀,使其充分溶胀,待用。另取杰马BP加入30克芳香水,搅拌均匀后,加入到待用的卡波姆液中,搅拌均匀后,高温灭菌。冷却后,补加芳香水至100克,搅拌均匀,用三乙醇胺调节pH值至凝胶形成,研磨均匀,即得所述凝胶产品。
实施例5:控油软膏(药物制剂)
组成:
组 成 | 克 |
桂花精油提取物 | 0.04 |
丙二醇(同实施例1) | 6.0 |
十四酸异丙酯(广州美懿生物科技有限公司,批号:151205) | 4.0 |
十六醇(广州美懿生物科技有限公司,批号:151108) | 2.0 |
十八醇(广州美懿生物科技有限公司,批号:151221) | 1.5 |
失水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯(广州美懿生物科技有限公司,批号:151118) | 1.2 |
聚山梨醇80(同实施例1) | 1.0 |
无水亚硫酸钠(成都科龙化工试剂厂,批号:151016) | 0.8 |
防腐剂(同实施例1) | 0.2 |
纯化水 | 加至100 |
制备方法:按常规的皮肤外用药制备方法,将桂花提取物(精油)和聚山梨醇80加入到10ml纯化水中,超声乳化后备用。另取丙二醇,十四酸异丙酯,十六醇,十八醇,失水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯混合,加热至70-80℃,即得油相,备用。另取无水亚硫酸钠,防腐剂加入到余量的纯化水中,溶解后,加入乳化液,加热至70-80℃,即得水相。将同温的水相缓慢加入到油相中,边价边搅拌至冷凝,即得所述的外用药膏。
实施例6:控油膜剂(药物制剂)
组成:
组 成 | 克 |
桂花精油提取物 | 0.08 |
聚乙烯醇 | 20.0 |
甘油(同实施例1) | 5.0 |
纯化水 | 加至150 |
制备方法:按常规的皮肤外用药制备方法,将聚乙烯醇,加入纯化水浸泡溶胀后,于80-90oC水浴上加热溶解,加入1克甘油,搅拌均匀,趁热过80目筛网,备用。另取桂花提取物(精油),甘油4克和纯化水10克,搅拌溶解,得到溶解液。将溶解液加入到聚乙烯醇液中,搅拌均匀后,于80-90oC水浴上保温30分钟除去气泡。趁热将上述液体倒在以保鲜膜为垫材的玻璃板上,用刮板将液体刮成厚度约为0.3mm的液膜,静置至冷却后,即得所述的药膜。
实施例7:控油巴布剂(药物制剂)
组成:
组 成 | 克 |
桂花精油提取物 | 0.16 |
甘油(南京化学试剂有限公司,批号:14072610893) | 14.0 |
1,3-丙二醇(上海凌峰化学试剂有限公司,批号:130815) | 3.0 |
聚丙烯酸钠(北京国人逸康科技有限公司,批号:20150227) | 1.8 |
卡波姆940(北京国人逸康科技有限公司,批号:20141205) | 0.3 |
甘羟铝(山西西岳制药有限公司,批号:150901) | 0.16 |
柠檬酸(南京化学试剂厂) | 0.32 |
明胶(国药集团化学试剂有限公司,批号:F20150713) | 1.5 |
高岭土(国药集团化学试剂有限公司,批号:F20150420) | 1.6 |
纯化水 | 加至150 |
制备方法:取处方量卡波姆加适量水静置,使其充分溶胀,作为I相。取处方量明胶加入适量水,自然溶胀,60 oC水浴溶解,加入溶解好的甘羟铝和柠檬酸溶液,混匀,作为II相。取处方量甘油和丙二醇,将聚丙烯酸钠和高岭土分散其中,作为III相。取桂花提取物,加入甘油5克,水3克,搅拌溶解,作为IV相。将IV相加入到I相中混匀后,加入III相混匀,再加入II相充分搅搅拌均匀后,用三乙醇胺调 pH 6-7,低速搅拌,至黏稠状半固态流体后立即涂布于无纺布上,干燥,加聚乙烯膜覆盖,即得所述的止痒修复巴布剂。
实施例8:控油祛痘氯霉素软膏(药物制剂)
组成:
组 成 | 克 |
桂花精油提取物 | 0.2 |
氯霉素 | 1.0 |
丙二醇(同实施例1) | 6.0 |
十四酸异丙酯(广州美懿生物科技有限公司,批号:151205) | 4.0 |
十六醇(广州美懿生物科技有限公司,批号:151108) | 2.0 |
十八醇(广州美懿生物科技有限公司,批号:151221) | 1.5 |
失水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯(广州美懿生物科技有限公司,批号:151118) | 1.2 |
聚山梨醇80(同实施例1) | 1.0 |
无水亚硫酸钠(成都科龙化工试剂厂,批号:151016) | 0.8 |
防腐剂(同实施例1) | 0.2 |
去离子水 | 加至100 |
制备方法:按常规的皮肤外用药制备方法,取氯霉素,丙二醇,十四酸异丙酯,十六醇,十八醇,失水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯混合,加热至70-80oC,即得油相,备用。另取无水亚硫酸钠,防腐剂加入到去离子水中,搅拌溶解后,加热至70-80oC,即得水相。将同温的水相缓慢加入到油相中,边加边搅拌至冷凝,加入桂花精油提取物,搅拌均匀即得所述的外用药膏。
实施例9:本发明所述组合物对皮肤刺激性/腐蚀性的试验
材料和方法:
1. 受试物:健康日本大耳白兔4只,普通级,雌雄均可,由四川省实验动物管委会养殖场提供(生产许可证号:SCXK(川)2.13-14)。由四川省实验动物管委会养殖场在温度20-220C,相对湿度40-70%,12/12小时明暗交替照明。单笼饲养,自主饮水,全价颗粒饲料喂养。试验前适应3天。
2. 试验样品:按实施例3方式,分别制备成桂花精油提取物的含量分别为0.01%,0.02%,0.04%,0.08%,0.16%的控油保湿水剂;试样用量:0.5ml/2.5cm*2.5cm/只。
3. 试验方法:试验前约24小时,将实验动物背脊两侧毛减掉,不可损伤表皮,去毛范围左右各约为3×3cm。将试样0.5ml直接涂抹在皮肤上(面积约为2.5×2.5cm),每天涂抹1次,连续涂抹14天。从第2天开始,每次涂抹前剪毛,用温水清除残留受试物。1小时后观察结果,按《化妆品卫生规范》(2007年版)皮肤刺激性/腐蚀性试验表1评分,对照区和试验区同样处理。按照相应公式计算每天每只动物平均积分,以表1判定皮肤刺激强度。
4. 试验结果:见表1。
试验结论:桂花精油提取物含量不超过0.16%的受试物对家兔的皮肤刺激性试验为无刺激性。
实施例10:对面部控油功效试验1
1. 试验样品:按实施例3方式制备成桂花精油提取物的含量分别为0.01%,0.02%,0.04%,0.08%和0.16%的控油水制剂,空白对照物:为同样按实施例3方式制备的不含桂花精油提取物的(以去离子水替换含桂花精油的芳香水)水制剂。
2. 试验对象:年龄为18岁~24岁的试验志愿者,女性24人。
3. 试验方法、分组与观察时间:将24人随机分为2组,实验组20人,对照组4人。将试验样品2-3ml直接喷涂在面部额头部位1次,轻轻拍打至吸收,观察15分钟。
试验结果判断标准:用吸油纸对额头部位擦拭,观察吸油纸的油渍程度进行打分(0-10分):
无皮酯:0分;吸油纸的未见明显油渍
正常皮酯:1-3分,吸油纸的有油渍,但油渍区域较小;
中度皮酯:4-6分,吸油纸的有油渍,但油渍区域较大;
重度皮酯:7-10分,吸油纸的有明显油渍,吸油纸呈透明状,油渍区域大;
为便于判断和统一操作,避免不同实验人员的操作差异。试验前和试验后的吸油纸擦拭均有实验实施者进行实施。
4. 试验结果:见表2。
试验结论:桂花精油提取物含量低于0.01%时的试样有一定降低皮肤皮脂的作用,含量为0.02%~0.16%的试样降低皮肤皮脂的作用明显。
实施例11:对面部控油功效试验2
1. 试验对象:年龄为18岁~24岁的试验志愿者,男性24人。
2. 试验样品:将实施例2(含桂花精油提取物0.01%)、实施例3(含桂花精油提取物0.02%)、实施例4(含桂花精油提取物0.04%)、实施例5(含桂花精油提取物0.08%)和实施例6(含桂花精油提取物0.16%)的制剂样品分别分成5份,随机发给实验组人员。
对照组:分别不添加桂花精油提取物或用去离子水替代含桂花精油的芳香水,其他辅料一致,制备方法一致所获得的空白对照品。
3. 试验方法、分组与观察时间:将24人随机分为2组,实验组20人,对照组4人。使用次数为1次,观察时间15分钟。
试验结果判断标准:同实施例10方法。
4. 实验结果:见表3。
实施例12:对因皮脂分泌过多导致痤疮缓解功效的试验
1. 试验对象:志愿者30名,其中男性20人,女性10人;年龄分布:18岁~26岁。
2. 实验样品:将实施例2、实施例3、实施例4和实施例5的制剂分别等分成6份,随机发给实验组人员。
对照品:空白对照品。
3. 实验方法、观察时间与分组:试验对象随机分为2组,实验组24人,对照组6人。使用次数,每天早晚各1次,连续使用2个月。
皮脂分泌程度的判断标准:同实施例10。
因试验对象的部分有皮损,增加了观察实验样品的刺激性。刺激性的判断标准:
严重刺激性:有剧烈刺痛感,且继续时间60秒以上;
有刺激性:有刺痛感,且继续时间30秒以上;
低刺激性或无刺激性:没有刺痛感或有轻微刺痛感但快速消失(10秒以内)。
4. 试验结果:
(1)降低皮脂功效的试验结果,见表4。
(2)刺激性的试验结果,见表5
(3)改善痤疮功效的试验,结果见表6。
实施例13:降低皮脂分泌功效的对比试验
1. 试验对象:志愿者18名,其中男性12人,女性6人;年龄分布:18岁~26岁。
2. 实验样品:以实施例3的控油保湿水为试验样品。
对照品:1)舒肤佳香皂;2)妮维雅洗面奶
3. 实验方法、观察时间与分组:试验对象随机分为3组,实验组6人,香皂对照组6人,洗面奶对照组6人。使用次数1次。观察时间为使用前,使用后30分钟,使用后60分钟,使用后120分钟。
4. 使用方法: 实验组:取试验样品2-3ml,直接涂抹在面部,并轻拍至完全吸收。
香皂对照组:取香皂在手心涂抹,搓揉至产生丰富的泡沫后,涂抹在面部,并轻揉,然后用清水洗去泡沫,擦干残留水。
香皂对照组:取洗面奶2-3ml,加少量清水,在手心搓揉至产生丰富的泡沫后,涂抹在面部,并轻揉,然后用清水洗去泡沫,擦干残留水。
皮脂分泌程度的判断标准:同实施例10。
5. 试验结果:
降低皮脂功效的对比试验结果,见表7。
Claims (8)
1.具有防治痤疮功效的皮肤养护/治疗组合物,其特征是以桂花精油形式的提取物为活性成分,其重量组成为:
桂花精油形式提取物 0.006%~0.2%,
皮肤外用制剂可以接受的辅料成分 余量,
其中,所述桂花精油形式提取物活性成分中作为标志性成分的脂肪醇类衍生物和脂肪酮类衍生物的气相色谱-质谱的离子峰面积之和,至少应为桂花精油形式提取物的气相色谱-质谱的全部离子峰面积总和的40%。
2.如权利要求1所述的皮肤养护/治疗组合物,其特征是所述桂花精油形式提取物活性成分中所述标志性成分的脂肪醇类衍生物和脂肪酮类衍生物气相色谱-质谱的离子峰的面积之和,为桂花精油形式提取物的气相色谱-质谱的离子峰全部峰面积总和的45%~80%。
3.如权利要求1所述的皮肤养护/治疗组合物,其特征是所述组成中桂花精油形式提取物活性成分的重量含量为0.01%~0.2%。
4.如权利要求3所述的皮肤养护/治疗组合物,其特征是所述组成中桂花精油形式提取物活性成分的重量含量为0.06%~0.2%。
5.如权利要求1所述的皮肤养护/治疗组合物,其特征是所述桂花精油形式提取物中作为标志性成分的脂肪醇类和脂肪酮类的含量比例为(40-60):(5~20)。
6.如权利要求1所述的皮肤养护/治疗组合物,其特征是所述的辅料成分为润滑剂,增稠剂,表面活性剂,防腐剂,皮肤渗透促进剂,角质蛋白溶解剂,防晒剂中的至少一种。
7.如权利要求1至6之一所述的皮肤养护/治疗组合物,其特征是为包括水剂、乳液、乳霜、乳膏、乳条、凝胶、软膏、喷剂、胶布或贴布、巴布剂、脂质体调配物形式的皮肤外用药物和/或化妆品制剂。
8.如权利要求1至6之一所述的皮肤养护/治疗组合物,其特征是所述的组成中还含有辅助活性成分,所述的辅助活性成分包括抗生素类成分,抗/杀真菌性成分,激素类成分中的至少一种。
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