CN107258396B - 一种结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置 - Google Patents
一种结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107258396B CN107258396B CN201710430460.1A CN201710430460A CN107258396B CN 107258396 B CN107258396 B CN 107258396B CN 201710430460 A CN201710430460 A CN 201710430460A CN 107258396 B CN107258396 B CN 107258396B
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- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置，由相对设置的前墙和纳米流体吸热耦合相变蓄热墙以及设置于前墙和蓄热墙之间的采光板围合形成太阳房腔体；纳米流体吸热耦合相变蓄热墙由内到外依次为吸热层、热交换层、保温层和外墙；其中，吸热层由多个集热模块拼合而成，每个集热模块内均封装有石墨烯纳米流体作为集热材料；热交换层由多层封装有相变材料的蓄热层和多层风道组成，多层蓄热层和多层风道沿水平向依次交替排布；每层风道的上端口设有进风阀，下端口设有出风阀。吸热层内的石墨烯纳米流体直接吸收透过太阳房采光板的太阳辐射，然后将热量传递给蓄热层，并通过各层风道内风阀的启闭控制，循环空气与多层蓄热层进行热交换，实现热量的蓄热和释放功能。本发明装置可实现太阳房室内温度的自动调节控制，有效提高了太阳能的收集效率和相变层的蓄热释热能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置，属于太阳能热利用技术领域。
背景技术
太阳房技术在当前的生产生活中应用广泛，它包括农业温室大棚、工业干燥太阳房，及太阳能建筑住宅、阳光房等。温室大棚技术在太阳房技术中研究与应用较为深入，现以温室大棚为重点来分析本发明的背景技术。现有的温室大棚可以分为以下几类：
依靠相变墙体附近的空气自然对流来蓄热和放热的温室大棚。这种温室系统比较传统、研究和应用广泛。它便于安装施工、造价相对较低，但是它的缺点也是很明显的，如蓄热释热缓慢，温度调节的空间区域有限，难以收到预期的调温效果。
在传统相变蓄热墙体中增设空气循环装置的温室大棚。这种温室相比于传统温室大棚，蓄热和释热能力有所提高。所采用的空气循环装置多为贯穿在相变墙体中的通风管道，但相变墙体往往较厚，风管换热面积有限，导致了蓄热和释热水平难以大幅提高。
以上所述温室为被动式温室系统，当前结合太阳能、风能和电能主动蓄热的温室也有不少研究。这种温室多为通过太阳能集热器集热，并使集热介质流经相变墙体而蓄热，在夜间温度较低时放热；或者增加利用风能和电能的辅助设备，通过电加热来达到蓄热的目的。这种主动式温室系统可以明显地提高蓄热能力，但是由于增加了主动式设备，初投资大，由于水泵等的耗功，运行成本增加。
近年来，应用纳米流体直接吸收太阳能集热的方法获得了研究者的广泛关注。在集热流体中添加纳米颗粒，可以使集热流体具有很强的太阳辐射吸收特性。纳米流体的这种集热性能使其在温室大棚集热蓄热领域具有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置，该装置可实现太阳房室内温度的自动调节控制，有效提高了太阳能的收集效率和相变层的蓄热释热能力。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案为：
一种结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置，由相对设置的前墙和纳米流体吸热耦合相变蓄热墙以及设置于前墙和蓄热墙之间的采光板围合形成太阳房腔体；所述蓄热墙由内到外依次为吸热层、热交换层、保温层和外墙；其中，吸热层由多个集热模块拼合而成，每个集热模块内均封装有石墨烯纳米流体作为集热材料；热交换层由多层封装有相变材料的蓄热层和多层风道组成，多层蓄热层和多层风道沿水平向依次交替排布；每层风道的上端口设有进风阀，下端口设有出风阀；所述蓄热墙顶端与采光面的空隙处水平向上依次设有内风阀I和外风阀I，所述蓄热墙底端与地面的空隙处水平向上依次设有内风阀II和外风阀II。
吸热层内的石墨烯纳米流体直接吸收透过太阳房采光板的太阳辐射，然后将热量传递给蓄热层，并通过各层风道内风阀的启闭控制，循环空气与多层蓄热层进行热交换，实现热量的蓄热和释放功能。
其中，所述集热材料采用液态石蜡类有机相变材料或水作为基液，往基液中添加的纳米颗粒为具有强吸光性能的纳米颗粒。
其中，所述内风阀I和外风阀II处均设有风机。
其中，还包括设置于太阳房腔体内和太阳房腔体外的温度传感器。
其中，还包括用于控制阀门、风机启闭的控制系统。
其中，所述吸热层含有支撑结构，所述集热模块安装于支撑结构上。
其中，所述集热模块为由透明玻璃与金属板II围合成的中空腔体，集热模块内均封装有集热材料，玻璃在与金属板II镶接的部位采用隔离密封组件密封。
其中，相邻金属板I之间设置有波纹状金属翅片，空气在金属板I与波纹状金属翅片形成的通道中流通。
其中，所述吸热层和蓄热层之间采用波纹状金属翅片连接。
与现有技术相比，本发明技术方案具有的有益效果为：
首先，相比于被动式温室，本发明装置有效提高了太阳房温室的蓄热释热能力，相比于主动式温室，本发明装置是一种低成本高效益的温室技术；
其次，本发明装置可实现太阳房室内温度自动调节，当室内温度高于设定值时可自动蓄热，当室内温度低于设定值时自动释热；
最后，本发明装置采用多层相变蓄热层和多层风道，增加了空气与相变材料之间的换热面积，显著地增强了系统蓄热和释热速度，同时，本发明还实现了相变蓄热金属板和风道的一体化，安装方便。
附图说明
图1为本发明结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置的结构示意图；
图2为本发明结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置的局部结构示意图；
图3为本发明结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置中吸热层的结构示意图；
图4为本发明结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置中蓄热层和风道的结构示意图；
图5为本发明结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置中集热模块的局部放大图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明，但是本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于此。
如图1～5所示，本发明结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房，由相对设置的前墙2和纳米流体吸热耦合相变蓄热墙3以及设置于前墙2和蓄热墙3之间的采光板1围合形成太阳房腔体23；蓄热墙3由内到外依次为吸热层5、热交换层、保温层8和外墙9；其中，热交换层由多层封装有相变材料的蓄热层6和多层风道7组成，多层蓄热层6和多层风道7沿水平向依次交替排布，蓄热层6和风道7层数的选择是根据太阳房腔体23空间的大小、蓄能能力的需求而进行的，每层风道7的上端口设有进风阀11，下端口设有出风阀10；蓄热墙3中吸热层5顶端与采光面1的空隙处设有内风阀I12，外墙9顶端与采光面1的空隙处设有外风阀I13，蓄热墙3中吸热层5底端与地面4的空隙处设有内风阀II14，外墙9底端与底面4的空隙处设有外风阀II15；吸热层5由多个集热模块24拼合而成，每个集热模块24内均封装有集热材料石墨烯纳米流体22，石墨烯纳米流体22对太阳辐射能具有强吸收能力，从而用于集热；蓄热层6为金属板I18之间封装有相变材料，相邻金属板I18之间设置有波纹状金属翅片17，空气在金属板I18与波纹状金属翅片17形成的通道中流通；其中，吸热层5和蓄热层6之间也采用波纹状金属翅片17连接，即金属板II20和金属板I18之间也采用波纹状金属翅片17连接，增强传热性能。
本发明太阳房温度调节装置还包括设置于太阳房腔体23内的温度传感器27和设置于太阳房腔体23外的温度传感器28，以及设置于内风阀I12处的风机25和设置于外风阀II15处的风机26，以及用于控制阀门、风机启闭的控制系统。
其中，沿太阳房长度方向，可安装多块独立的集热模块24，集热模块24沿外墙9高度和长度方向可模块化安装，避免模块下端承压过大和纳米颗粒沉聚，集热模块24安装于支撑结构16上；集热模块24为由透明玻璃19与金属板II20围合成的中空腔体，集热模块24内均封装有集热材料22，玻璃19在与金属板II20镶接的部位采用隔离密封组件21密封；其中，集热材料采用液态石蜡类有机相变材料或水作为基液，往基液中添加的纳米颗粒不局限于石墨烯，添加的纳米颗粒也可以是具有强吸光性能的其他纳米颗粒；相变材料的选择是根据太阳房温度控制的要求选择适宜的相变材料，选择依据为相变材料的相变温度与太阳房温度设定值相等或接近。
在太阳房腔体23内、外分别安装有温度检测器27和温度检测器28，通过太阳房腔体23实际温度与设定值、以及室外气温的比较，自动控制系统控制蓄热墙3上下端的内风阀I12、外风阀I13、内风阀II14和外风阀II15，内风阀I12处的风机25、外风阀II15处的风机26以及风道7上下端的出风阀10和进风阀11的工作状态，实现不同工况的切换。在太阳房腔体23内同时也安装了手动开关，可在自动控制系统失效和室内外通风换气供氧时人工开启。空气在流经内风阀I12和外风阀I13时，流向为垂直蓄热墙3壁厚方向由室内至室外方向；空气在流经内风阀II14和外风阀II15时，流向为垂直蓄热墙3壁厚方向由室外至室内方向；风道7内空气流向为沿高度方向从上往下。
吸热层5内的石墨烯纳米流体吸收太阳辐射能而具有集热作用，蓄热通过两种方式进行：一方面，吸热层5集热后温度较高，将热量传递给相变蓄热层6，热量同时在相变蓄热层6之间逐层传递；另一方面，当太阳房腔体23内气温较高时，通过内风阀I12处的风机25强制空气在多层风道7内对流而将热量传递给相变蓄热层6，释热是上述蓄热的逆过程。热量通过强制空气对流而释放给太阳房腔体23，吸热层5因为具有一定的蓄热能力，也会向太阳房腔体23放热。本发明根据不同的室内参数，可在多种工况下工作，包括蓄热升温工况、蓄热降温工况、释热降温工况、室内外通风换气工况，本发明太阳房具有温度自动调节的功能，不仅可以实现基本的蓄热和释热工况，也可实现在特殊工况下的良好运行。升温工况用于室内温度低于设定值时，降温工况用于室内温度高于设定值时，室内外通风换气工况用于补充室内氧气、利用室外空气调节室内温度。在蓄热升温工况、蓄热降温工况、释热降温工况下，关闭外风阀I13和外风阀II15，打开出风阀10、进风阀11、内风阀I12和内风阀II14以及内风阀I12处的风机25，通过蓄热和释热调节室内温度；在室内外通风换气工况下，关闭出风阀10和进风阀11，打开内风阀I12、外风阀I13、内风阀II14、外风阀II15以及内风阀I12处的风机25和外风阀II15处的风机26，在室内温度超过设定值、相变材料完全融化且室外气温相对较低时，可通过此控制策略降低室内温度。
具体说明如下：
1.蓄热升温工况。这种情况在春秋冬季白天气温较低时比较常见，即太阳房腔体23内气温低于设定值，且具有一定太阳辐射时。此时，温度传感器27检测到室内气温低于设定值后，自动控制系统打开内风阀I12和内风阀II14以及内风阀I12处的风机25，打开风道7入口和出口的进风阀11和出风阀10，关闭外风阀I13和外风阀II15。空气自上而下流经蓄热层6和风道7，吸热层5集热后温度较高，通过导热、辐射将热量传递给相变蓄热层6，热量同时在相变蓄热层6之间逐层传递。通过风机强制空气在多层风道7内对流，热量将输送到室内，同时一部分热量将通过波纹状金属翅片17进一步向相变蓄热层6传递。在此工况下，太阳房腔体23内气温上升的同时相变蓄热层6也将储存热量。
2.蓄热降温工况。这种情况在夏季白天室外气温较高和太阳辐射强度较大的时候比较常见，此时室内气温将很快升高到设定值以上。温度传感器27检测到室内气温高于设定值后，自动控制系统打开内风阀I12和内风阀II14以及内风阀I12处的风机25，打开风道7入口和出口的进风阀11和出风阀10，关闭外风阀I13和外风阀II15。由于相变蓄热层6中相变材料的相变温度等于设定温度，所以当温度高于相变蓄热层6相变温度的空气流经风道7时，热量将向蓄热层8传递。这种蓄热作用将使室内气温降低，直至达到设定值。另一方面，吸热层5也将吸收太阳辐射起到蓄热作用。
3.释热升温工况。这种情况常见于夜间室内气温较低时。温度传感器27检测到室内气温低于设定值后，自动控制系统打开内风阀I12和内风阀II14以及内风阀I12处的风机25，打开风道7入口和出口的进风阀11和出风阀10，关闭外风阀I13和外风阀II15。此时相变蓄热层6在蓄热后呈液态，当温度低于相变蓄热层6相变温度的空气流经风道7时，热量将由蓄热层6向室内空间传递，这种释热作用将使室内气温上升。
4.室内外通风换气的特殊工况。当夏季太阳房内气温持续上升，相变蓄热层6都吸热融化时，此时室外气温往往稍低于室内气温，如果将室外空气引进室内，将起到降温效果。此时，自动控制系统打开外风阀I13和外风阀II15以及外风阀II15处的风机26，关闭风道7入口和出口的进风阀11和出风阀10，打开内风阀I12和内风阀II14以及内风阀I12处的风机25。室内外气体可相互串通而起到降低室温的作用。另一种情况是，通过室内外通风换气增加室内空气氧含量。在此工况下，可通过人工控制开关，按照上述方式选择相应风阀和风机的开启和关闭。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而这些属于本发明的精神所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之中。
Claims (9)
1.一种结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置，其特征在于：由相对设置的前墙和纳米流体吸热耦合相变蓄热墙以及设置于前墙和蓄热墙之间的采光板围合形成太阳房腔体；所述蓄热墙由内到外依次为吸热层、热交换层、保温层和外墙；其中，吸热层由多个集热模块拼合而成，每个集热模块内均封装有石墨烯纳米流体作为集热材料；热交换层由多层封装有相变材料的蓄热层和多层风道组成，多层蓄热层和多层风道沿水平向依次交替排布；每层风道的上端口设有进风阀，下端口设有出风阀；所述蓄热墙顶端与采光板的空隙处水平向上依次设有内风阀I和外风阀I，所述蓄热墙底端与地面的空隙处水平向上依次设有内风阀II和外风阀II。
2.根据权利要求1所述的结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置，其特征在于：所述集热材料采用液态石蜡类有机相变材料或水作为基液，往基液中添加的纳米颗粒为具有强吸光性能的纳米颗粒。
3.根据权利要求1所述的结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置，其特征在于：所述内风阀I和外风阀II处均设有风机。
4.根据权利要求1所述的结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置，其特征在于：还包括设置于太阳房腔体内和太阳房腔体外的温度传感器。
5.根据权利要求3所述的结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置，其特征在于：还包括用于控制阀门、风机启闭的控制系统。
6.根据权利要求1所述的结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置，其特征在于：所述吸热层含有支撑结构，所述集热模块安装于支撑结构上。
7.根据权利要求6所述的结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置，其特征在于：所述集热模块为由透明玻璃与金属板II围合成的中空腔体，集热模块内均封装有集热材料，玻璃在与金属板II镶接的部位采用隔离密封组件密封。
8.根据权利要求1所述的结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置，其特征在于：蓄热层为金属板I之间封装有相变材料，相邻金属板I之间设置有波纹状金属翅片，空气在金属板I与波纹状金属翅片形成的通道中流通。
9.根据权利要求1所述的结合纳米流体集热与相变材料蓄热的太阳房温度调节装置，其特征在于：所述吸热层和蓄热层之间采用波纹状金属翅片连接。
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