CN107258144B

CN107258144B - Method for improving germination rate of feeding coix seeds

Info

Publication number: CN107258144B
Application number: CN201710618169.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周树峰; 杨爱国; 刘海岚; 郭超; 曹墨菊; 兰海; 荣廷昭; 付凤玲; 唐祈林; 卢艳丽
Original assignee: Sichuan Agricultural University
Current assignee: Sichuan Agricultural University
Priority date: 2017-07-26
Filing date: 2017-07-26
Publication date: 2020-11-17
Anticipated expiration: 2037-07-26
Also published as: CN107258144A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the germination rate of feeding coix seeds. The method comprises the following steps: soaking mature and plump semen Coicis in 0.75-1 vol% hydrogen peroxide water at 28-30 deg.C for 2-3 days. The method for improving the germination rate of the coix lacryma-jobi seeds for feeding is established by utilizing the characteristics that the dissolved oxygen in the hydrogen peroxide is utilized to provide the oxygen required by the seeds for germination, and simultaneously, the oxidation effect of the hydrogen peroxide can sterilize and disinfect the seeds and improve the vitality of the seeds. Experiments prove that the method for germinating the feeding coix seeds has the advantages of high speed, low cost and easy operation.

Description

Method for improving germination rate of feeding coix seeds

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of plants, and relates to a method for improving the germination rate of feeding coix seeds.

Background

In recent 20 years, with the development of economy and society, the food consumption structure of China has changed newly, the demand on ration is gradually reduced, the demand on meat, eggs and milk is continuously increased, and more forage grass is undoubtedly needed to support the rapid development of animal husbandry. The development of livestock husbandry in agricultural regions in south China adopts high-grain consumption and straws after grain harvesting to feed livestock for a long time, grain consumption type pigs are mainly used at present, the proportion of herbivores is low, the requirement of food structure change cannot be met, the consumption of feed is large, and the problem of grain safety is also aggravated by the livestock breeding mode of human and livestock sharing grain. In fact, the pressure of 'grain safety' in China is not only the shortage of edible grains, but also the serious shortage of feed grains caused by the common use of human and livestock for a long time, 50% of grains in China are used as feeds in 2009, and the consumption of grain in the mouth only accounts for 35% of the grain yield. The agricultural area has unreasonable industrial structure, the supply of high-quality forage grass is insufficient, the development requirement of the grass-eating animal husbandry cannot be met, and the industrialized and large-scale production of the forage grass is difficult to realize. Compared with developed countries, the grassy and animal husbandry in China has a considerable gap, the grassy and animal husbandry yield value in China only accounts for about 10% of the total agricultural yield value, and some developed countries reach 50% -80%.

The breeding and popularization of excellent forage grass varieties are the premise and the foundation for realizing the healthy development of animal husbandry. The forage grass in China at present breaks through the lack of new varieties and cannot meet the development requirements of breeding grass and livestock. Taking the variety of the pasture as an example, 453 pasture varieties are examined nationwide by the end of 2012, but the true bred varieties are only 171, and the variety suitable for the southwest region of China is particularly insufficient. The adaptability of the main-pushed pasture variety in the current production is relatively poor, and the main characteristic is that the heat resistance or cold resistance is not enough, so that the connection of the variety in the growing season is limited.

The 3 most basic conditions necessary for plant seed germination are temperature, moisture and oxygen. Generally, mature plant seeds can germinate as long as the conditions are met, but some mature and full plant seeds still have difficulty in germination or slow germination under the conditions of proper temperature, moisture and oxygen and show a dormancy characteristic. Seed dormancy is a characteristic of the plant to adapt to the environment and continue survival, and is a stable strategy for the evolution of seed plants. Seed coat failure, incomplete development and physiological after-ripening of embryo morphology, and chemical inhibitors contained in the seeds, etc., all can cause seed dormancy. The dormancy period of the seeds is long, which brings disadvantages to agricultural production, and causes low germination rate, long seedling emergence period, inconsistent seedling size and the like.

The Daheishan Job's tears is a corn research institute of Sichuan agricultural university, and the feeding type Job's tears bred from wild Job's tears are examined by the grass variety examination committee of Sichuan province in 2016 12 months, and has the characteristics of high yield, good quality and strong resistance. According to the analysis and test center of the academy of agricultural sciences of Sichuan province, 10.7% of the whole crude protein before flowering, 13.5% of starch, 7.7% of total sugar, 27.9% of acid detergent fiber and 48.4% of neutral detergent fiber. Long grass supplying period, strong moisture resistance and good cold resistance (good growth at about 10 ℃); the disease resistance and the insect resistance are good, and the whole growth period does not need to prevent and control any plant diseases and insect pests. Under a better cultivation condition, the annual fresh grass yield is more than 10 t/mu, and in the high-yield cultivation in the Jinghong city in 2014, the annual fresh grass yield is 15.2 t/mu at the highest. The variety has good performance in introduction, experiments and demonstration in Sichuan, Yunnan, Hunan and other places in China, wherein the variety is shown in Lezhi county, Rong county, Guangyuan city and Yaan city in Sichuan; the performance of the regions such as Menghai county in Yunnan, Jinghong city, Huaishi city in Hunan, Tanzhou and the like is particularly prominent. The plant is tall and big, the lodging resistance is good, the high yield performance is outstanding, and the palatability is good, so the plant is introduced or demonstrated in a large area by units such as a nature farming and animal husbandry limited company in le Zhi county, a farming and animal husbandry investment limited company in Guangyuan city, a farming ecological agriculture science and technology limited company in Yonggong city, a Meng Hai farming professional cooperative company, a Xishuangbanna Yunbo aquaculture development limited company, a Ming Yuan family farm in le Zhi county, a Hunan ecological pasture in Hunan south of Hunan province, a southwang farming academy of sciences and the like, and is used for breeding cows, goats, grass carp, rex rabbits, guinea pigs and the like.

However, because the thick and hard enamel involucre is arranged outside the seeds of the adlay, the seeds form a natural barrier to prevent water and oxygen from contacting the seeds, so that the physical dormancy effect of the seeds is enhanced, the characteristic is very favorable for the adlay seeds to resist the attack of adverse environment and plant diseases and insect pests, but on the other hand, the emergence period is long, the emergence is irregular, and the emergence lasts for 45 days from sowing to emergence without any treatment. The problems of low germination rate and long dormancy period of the feeding coix lacryma-jobi become bottlenecks which restrict the large-scale production of the feeding coix lacryma-jobi.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for improving the germination rate of feeding coix seeds.

The method for improving the germination rate of the seeds of the coix lacryma-jobi for feeding provided by the invention can comprise the following steps: soaking mature and plump semen Coicis in 0.75-1 vol% hydrogen peroxide water at 28-30 deg.C for 2-3 days.

Further, the temperature of the coix seed when it is soaked in hydrogen peroxide is preferably 30 ℃. The hydrogen peroxide for soaking the coix seed is preferably 1 percent by volume. The time for soaking the coix seed in hydrogen peroxide is preferably 3 days.

In the method, the method also comprises the step of transferring the coix seed to an incubator at 30 ℃ for culturing for 10-12 days after soaking the coix seed in hydrogen peroxide.

Further, the coix seed is transferred to an incubator at 30 ℃ after being soaked in hydrogen peroxide for culturing for 10 days.

More specifically, the method for improving the germination rate of the seeds of the coix lacryma-jobi for feeding provided by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) putting 1kg of feeding coix seeds into a plastic basin with the length, width and height of 45cm multiplied by 30cm multiplied by 15 cm;

(2) 1.5L of hydrogen peroxide with the volume percentage of 1 percent is poured into the plastic basin, and the liquid surface is preferably 5cm submerged over the seeds;

(3) placing the plastic basin in a constant temperature incubator to be cultivated for 3 days at the temperature of 30 ℃, and clearing away floating materials such as glumes and the like on the liquid surface after 1 day;

(4) transferring the feeding coix seeds to a 30 ℃ incubator on the 4 th day for culturing for 10 days, or directly sowing the germinating seeds in a seedling cup.

The relative humidity in the 30 ℃ incubator described above is preferably controlled to 80%.

Transferring the coix seed to a 30 ℃ incubator for dark culture.

The culture of transferring the seeds of Job's tears to a 30 ℃ incubator further comprises a step of watering the seeds of Job's tears every 2 days

In one embodiment of the invention, the feeding coix is specifically a large black-mountain coix.

The experiment proves that the method for germinating the feeding coix seeds has the advantages of high speed, low cost and easy operation.

The greatest innovation point of the invention is that the dissolved oxygen in the hydrogen peroxide is utilized to provide oxygen required by seed germination, and the oxidation effect of the hydrogen peroxide can sterilize and disinfect the seeds and improve the seed vitality. The method comprises the following specific steps:

1. innovation of utilization mode of hydrogen peroxide solution oxygen

The 3 essential factors for seed germination are temperature, moisture and oxygen, none of which is satisfactory. The feeding coix seed is externally provided with hard enamel involucre, so that the water permeability and the air permeability of the seed are poor, the germination rate of the untreated feeding coix seed is low under normal conditions, and the germination rate of the coix seed after sowing for 7 days is less than 5% under field conditions. Because the hydrogen peroxide contains a large amount of soluble oxygen, the seeds are soaked in the hydrogen peroxide, so that the oxygen required by the seeds for germination can be provided, and the germination condition of the seeds is met.

2. Innovation of utilizing oxydol oxidation

Hydrogen peroxide (H)₂O₂) The oxygen is a strong oxidant, the oxygen element is in a high valence state and can generate oxidation reduction by itself, one oxygen is changed into-2 valence, the other oxygen is changed into 0 valence, namely an O atom, the O atom is unstable and can deprive the electrons of bacteria to be changed into stable-2 valence O ions, so that the protein of the bacteria is denatured, and the effects of sterilization and disinfection are achieved. Generally, the surface of seeds of the feeding coix carries germs, and if the carrying amount is too large, the seeds are mildewed and lose the germination capacity. The sterilization effect of the hydrogen peroxide can kill harmful bacteria on the surface of the seeds and improve the vitality of the seeds.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows seeds of Job's tears of Heihai mountain. (A) After the seeds are ripe, the harvested seeds of the coix lacryma-jobi for feeding have hard enamel buds outside; (B) the enamel buds are cut off by nail clippers; (C) is semen Coicis without enamel involucre.

FIG. 2 shows the germination of Coix lacryma-jobi seeds for feeding in mountain. Soaking feeding seeds of Job's tears in 1% hydrogen peroxide solution at 30 deg.C for 3d, and culturing in 30 deg.C incubator for 6 d.

FIG. 3 shows the germination of Coix lacryma-jobi seeds for feeding in mountain. Soaking feeding semen Coicis in 1% hydrogen peroxide solution at 30 deg.C for 3d, and planting in seedling tray, wherein the seedling emergence condition is shown after 4 d.

FIG. 4 shows the seedlings of Job's tears for feeding in big black mountain. A is to soak Coix lacryma-jobi seeds for feeding in 1% hydrogen peroxide solution at 30 deg.C for 3d, and to plant the germinated seeds in seedling raising cup of 10cm × 10cm, and cover the seedling raising cup with soil of 1 cm. B, soaking the feeding coix seeds of the big black mountains in 1% hydrogen peroxide at 30 ℃ for 3d, and planting the seeds in seedling raising cups of 10cm multiplied by 10cm, wherein the figure shows the growth condition after the 6d planting. And C, soaking the seeds of the coix lacryma-jobi fed in the Changbai mountain in 1% hydrogen peroxide at 30 ℃ for 3d, and planting in a seedling growing cup of 10cm multiplied by 10cm, wherein the figure shows the growth situation after the 14 th planting. D, soaking the feeding coix seeds of the big black mountains in 1% hydrogen peroxide at 30 ℃ for 3D, and planting the seeds in seedling raising cups of 10cm multiplied by 10cm, wherein the figure shows the growth condition after the 20 th day of planting.

Detailed Description

The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.

Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

Adlay: is recorded in the report of animal husbandry in China for 1 month and 8 days in 2017; sichuan rural daily newspaper 2017, 1 month and 12 days; the nutritional value of the whole plant of the large black mountain coix lacryma-jobi sun-dried in Shandong institute, Tiangang, Yubing and the like on the growing meat rabbits is evaluated, the grass science, 2017,34(5):1100 + 1106 ", the public can obtain from the applicant and can only be used for repeated experiments.

Example 1 optimization of method for increasing germination rate of feeding coix seeds

Influence of temperature on germination of feeding coix seed

The optimum temperature required for germination of different species is different, for example, the optimum temperature for germination of wheat is about 18 ℃, while the optimum temperature for germination of rice seeds is about 25 ℃, which is higher or lower than the optimum germination temperature of seeds, and germination is affected. Because the coix originates from subtropical regions such as southwest and southeast Asia in China, the optimal germination temperature is different from other crops. For this reason, we measured the germination rates of the seeds of adlay for feeding at different temperatures. The specific operation is as follows: placing seeds of Coicis semen (FIG. 1A) in germination box, and setting at 10 deg.C, 12 deg.C, 14 deg.C, … … 36 deg.C, 38 deg.C, 40 deg.C respectively, for 16 temperature gradients. The seeds were placed on a germination filter paper, water was poured every 2d, the number of seeds germinated every 2d from the 4 th day to the 20 th day was investigated, and the germination percentage was calculated. The relative humidity in the germination box was 80%, and 3 replicates of 500 seeds were set for each temperature treatment.

The results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the germination of the seeds of Coix lacryma-jobi starts from the 4d, and the germination rate shows an increasing tendency as the cultivation time increases. Below 30 ℃, the germination rate shows a tendency to increase with increasing temperature, starting from 10 ℃; the highest germination rate at 30 ℃ may be associated with an increased enzyme activity associated with germination of some seeds after an increase in temperature; when the temperature exceeds 30 ℃, the germination rate shows a tendency to decrease again with the increase of the temperature, which is probably that after the temperature is too high, the related enzyme activity is inhibited, so that the activity of the seeds is reduced, which is shown as the reduction of the germination rate. Therefore, in subsequent studies, we adopted 30 ℃ as the optimal germination temperature of the coix for feeding. However, the germination rate of the feeding coix is very low, and the germination rate of the feeding coix at 20 th day under the condition of 30 ℃ is only 38.7 percent, and a method for rapidly improving the germination rate of the feeding coix is needed.

TABLE 1 Germination rates of Coix lacryma-jobi seeds for feed at different temperatures

Secondly, the dense enamel total bract of the feeding coix seed is a key factor influencing the germination

The reasons for the non-germination of mature seeds can be roughly classified into two main categories, the first category is endogenous factors, namely factors of the embryo itself, including incomplete morphological development of the embryo, physiological immature lack of necessary hormones or existence of substances for inhibiting germination; the second type is the limitation of exogenous factors, i.e., various tissues other than the embryo, i.e., the seed shell, seed coat, pericarp, endosperm, etc., including mechanical obstruction, impermeability to water, impermeability to air, presence of germination-inhibiting substances in the seed shell, etc. In order to find out the reason of low germination rate of the coix seed for feeding, the influence of the coix enamel total bud on the germination of the coix seed is measured. The specific operation is as follows: the dense enamel total bracts outside the seeds of the large black mountain coix lacryma-jobi are cut off by nail clippers (fig. 1 (C)), and the seeds are not damaged. Placing the seeds without bracts and the seeds with bracts on a germination filter paper in a germination box, watering every 2d, and investigating the number of the seeds germinated every 2d from the 4 th d to the 20 th d. The germination box was incubated at 30 ℃ in the dark with a relative humidity of 80%, and the number of germinated seeds was examined at 2d, 4d, 6d, 8d, 15d and 20, respectively, to calculate the germination percentage. The experiment was set up in 3 replicates of 500 seeds each.

The results are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the germination rate of the coix seed enamel buds reaches 78.4% in 4d, while the coix seed buds have not germinated; at 8d, the germination rate of enamel-free bract seeds reaches 92.2%, while the percentage of bract-carrying seeds is only 10.7%. After the time is delayed, the germination rate of the enamel-free involucre seeds is not increased any more, which indicates that the active seeds completely germinate; the germination rate of the enamel-covered bract seeds also shows a rising trend, which indicates that all the active seeds do not germinate. The experiment shows that the dense enamel total bud of the feeding coix has poor water permeability and air permeability, is a key factor for limiting the germination of the feeding coix, and the removal of the enamel total bud is a method for improving the germination of the feeding coix.

TABLE 2 influence of enamel involucre on germination rate of Coix lacryma-jobi for feeding^*

Influence of hydrogen peroxide with different concentrations on germination rate of coix seeds

Although the germination rate of the coix lachrymal-jobi can be well improved by manually removing the total enamel bracts of the coix lachrymal-jobi with scissors, the total enamel bracts of the coix lachrymal-jobi are particularly hard, the total bracts removing efficiency is particularly low, and only about 40 coix lachrymal-jobi can be cut by a skilled worker per hour. The method for improving the germination rate by manually removing the involucre can be applied to a test which generally does not consider the cost, but cannot be applied to large-scale production practice at all, and therefore, according to the germination condition of the seeds, a test for improving the feeding coix seeds by using hydrogen peroxide is carried out. The specific operation is as follows: soaking the seeds of Job's tears of Heihe macrocarpa in hydrogen peroxide solution with the concentration of 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5% and 4.0% (% represents volume percentage content) for 3d at 30 ℃, taking out and placing in an incubator, culturing for 20d on germination filter paper, watering once every 2d, investigating the number of the seeds germinated once every 2d from the 4 th d, and calculating the germination rate. The temperature in the incubator was 30 ℃ and the relative humidity was 80%. Each concentration treatment was set to 3 replicates of 500 seeds each.

The results are shown in Table 3. From the data in table 3, the following rules can be derived: (1) the dioxygen water greatly improves the germination speed of the coix seed for feeding. Taking 0.50% hydrogen peroxide concentration as an example, the germination percentage of seeds with involucre at the 4 th day is 11.6%, the germination percentage of seeds without involucre is 81.2%, while the germination percentage of corresponding control (0% hydrogen peroxide) is 0 and 79.2%, respectively, and the germination percentage at the 6 th day and the 8 th day also shows similar trend; (2) the low-concentration hydrogen peroxide can promote the germination of the seeds of the feeding coix seeds, and the high-concentration hydrogen peroxide is not beneficial to the germination of the seeds. Taking the germination rate of the 6 th-time seeds with the involucre as an example, when the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is lower than 1%, the germination rate shows a rising trend along with the increase of the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide; when the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is higher than 1%, the germination rate is reduced along with the increase of the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide. The germination rates at 0%, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% were 2.4%, 8.7%, 19.9% and 21.3%, respectively, and at 1% the highest germination rate was 32.1%, and the germination rates at 1.25%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5% and 4.0% hydrogen peroxide concentrations were 30.1%, 20.3%, 19.3%, 18.2%, 17.4%, 16.2% and 13.4%, respectively. The hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidant, and the seeds have a certain corrosion effect when the concentration is high, so that the germination rate of the coix seeds is influenced. The inhibition effect is particularly obvious when the involucre seeds are removed. For example, the germination rates of the degummed involucre seeds at the concentrations of 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.0% of hydrogen peroxide are respectively 79.2%, 83.2%, 81.2%, 80.2% and 77.5%, and an inhibition trend is shown when the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 0.50%, which may have a protection effect on the seeds with the degummed involucre seeds, and the degummed involucre seeds are directly exposed in the hydrogen peroxide, so that the seeds are easily corroded by the hydrogen peroxide; (3) the optimal germination condition of feeding coix seed is 1.0% hydrogen peroxide solution soaking for 10 days. From the point of view of the germination speed and the time required for reaching the maximum germination rate, the germination speed of the coix lacryma-jobi is the fastest when the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 1.0% (fig. 2-4). Under the test conditions, the germination percentage of the 10 th day is 91.9%

TABLE 3 influence of hydrogen peroxide on germination percentage of feeding coix

Claims

1. A method for improving the germination rate of feeding coix seeds comprises the following steps: soaking mature and plump semen Coicis in 0.75-1 vol% hydrogen peroxide water at 30 deg.C for 3 days;

soaking the coix seed in hydrogen peroxide, and culturing in 30 deg.C incubator for 10-12 days;

the feeding coix is big black mountain coix.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the hydrogen peroxide for soaking the coix seed is 1 percent by volume.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: soaking in hydrogen peroxide, transferring the Coicis semen seeds to 30 deg.C incubator, and culturing for 10 days.

4. A method for improving the germination rate of feeding coix seeds comprises the following steps:

(1) putting 1kg of feeding coix seeds into a plastic basin with the length, width and height of 45cm multiplied by 30cm multiplied by 15 cm; the feeding coix is large black mountain coix;

(3) placing the plastic basin in a constant temperature incubator to be cultured for 3 days at 30 ℃, and clearing away floaters on the liquid surface after 1 day;

(4) on day 4, the seeds of the feeding coix lacryma-jobi are transferred into an incubator at 30 ℃ for 10 days.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the relative humidity in the 30 ℃ incubator was 80%.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: transferring the coix seed to a 30 ℃ incubator for dark culture.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the culture of transferring the coix seed into the 30 ℃ incubator further comprises a step of watering the coix seed every 2 days.