CN107255062B - A kind of Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density self-adapting - Google Patents
A kind of Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density self-adapting Download PDFInfo
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- CN107255062B CN107255062B CN201611179695.XA CN201611179695A CN107255062B CN 107255062 B CN107255062 B CN 107255062B CN 201611179695 A CN201611179695 A CN 201611179695A CN 107255062 B CN107255062 B CN 107255062B
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of methods for changing adjustment Wind turbines pitch setting value in real time based on atmospheric density, on the basis of connection between analysis unit torque and atmospheric density, establish mapping relations between the two, when significant change occurs for atmospheric density, torque settings value is adjusted, reference torque-revolving speed operation curve that the unit design stage determines is changed and adaptive, self-adjusting ability status is lacked to atmospheric environment variation.Variable density is imported the adaptive setting part of direct torque link setting value by the present invention, by torque from being originally that the monotropic function of revolving speed becomes the function of revolving speed, density, so that torque-speed operation curve is become cluster from original one；New method has unit to environment good adaptability, when season and humidity variation density being caused to change, unit energy adjust automatically torque settings value, improves unit operation power curve, can preferably realize control strategy in unit optimum tip-speed ratio target phase.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wind power generation fields, are related to running of wind generating set control design case field, and in particular to certainly to one kind
Adapt to the Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density.
Background technique
Wind-powered electricity generation is that current Technical comparing is mature, degree of being practical is higher, business development value and the market competitiveness are stronger
Energy utilization type obtains tremendous development in recent years, according to National Energy Board's statistical data, by the end of the year 2014, Wind Power In China
Add up grid-connected installed capacity close to 100,000,000 kilowatts.With the rapid growth of scale, in industry to the concern of unit runnability also by
Step heating, correlative study have been unfolded, it was found that design value is not achieved in some such as unit operation efficiencies, contributes under same wind speed
Long-term relatively low compared with guarantee power, the corresponding wind speed of rated power is higher than design rated wind speed；Control strategy to density bad adaptability,
The problems such as torque adjusting cannot be well matched with the control characteristic etc. of the mechanical parts such as impeller.
By analysis, discovery generator set control strategy setting improper the main reason for being wherein.The speed change of mainstream at present
Constant frequency double-fed unit whole service curve can be divided into four workspaces, be that first segment raising speed is grid-connected, second segment C respectivelypIt is optimal (most
Good tip speed ratio), third section invariablenes turning speed, the 4th section of power invariability, the relatively low situation of above-mentioned unit efficiency is mainly with second
Based on operation phase.So-called optimum tip-speed ratio target phase refers to that unit by control electromagnetic torque (hereinafter referred to as torque), is adjusted
Wheel speed is saved, realizes that capturing coefficient to maximal wind-energy is continuously tracked.But in engineer application, since precise measurement wind speed has
Certain difficulty is determined under design condition actually by calculating and emulating, when unit runs on optimum tip-speed ratio section,
The corresponding relationship of generating unit speed and torque, forms torque-speed operation curve, and unit is adjusted around the operation curve.But
Be unit actual motion environment it is multifarious, there is larger difference on space-time, moment when air themperature, pressure, humidity
Quarter is all changing, and causes unit often to operate near non-optimal curve, causes certain energy loss.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of unit torque-speed control method of adaptive space air tightness, torque-speed is run bent
Line becomes cluster from original one, and solution is that unit direct torque ring setting value can not accurately respond atmospheric parameter and change
Problem, so that unit under different atmospheric density, operates on different torque-speed curves.I.e. not according to local environment
Together, torque settings value is adaptively adjusted, realizes optimum operating condition power generation.
Unit torque-speed control method proposed by the present invention, comprising the following steps:
S1: studying and establishes the relationship between unit capture mechanical work and generating set torque；
S2: it researchs and analyses and calculates the corresponding baseline air density of unit reference torque-revolving speed operation curve and its setting work
Condition atmospheric parameter (including temperature, pressure, humidity)；
S3: the relationship between unit direct torque link setting value and atmospheric density is determined；
S4: atmospheric density calculating is carried out according to actual measurement atmospheric temperature, pressure, humidity, is carried out further according to real atmosphere density
The adjusting of torque settings value.
The present invention analyzes the relationship of unit torque and atmospheric density, adjusts unit torque control in real time according to actual measurement atmospheric density
Definite value is set up, unit is improved to the adaptability of environment, realizes unit automatic adjusument torque-speed operation curve, sufficiently benefit
With variable units to the tracking advantage of optimum tip-speed ratio, the maximum conversion of power is realized.
The Wind turbines capture the power that mechanical work refers to the capture of wind energy conversion system part, and wind energy conversion system includes blade, wheel hub, master
The components such as axis and its corresponding regulating mechanism, the mechanical energy size absorbed is related with to wind and variable pitch, is not considering unit pair
In the case where windage losses, it is related that generating unit speed and blade come wind interflow angle.
Unit reference torque-revolving speed the operation curve refers to unit under design environment, in set grid-connection revolving speed to volume
Determine speed stage (i.e. optimum tip-speed ratio section), to realize that unit optimum tip-speed ratio and optimal wind energy capture coefficient, is set in unit
The corresponding relationship of unit torque and optimum speed is fitted to a curve by the meter stage, and unit maintains when running on this curve
In optimum tip-speed ratio, when come wind change wind speed round off-target curve when, unit adjusts generator torque, so that turning
Speed revert to best curve.
The unit torque refers to that the current transformer being connected with unit rotor by exciting current feed-in rotor windings, forms alternation
Magnetic field, rotor drives magnetic field rotating under prime mover input, and then forms induced current in the stator windings, in the stator windings
Form the torque opposite with rotor machine torque action direction.Relationship between mechanical work and torque can indicate with following equation,
The mechanical work that wind energy conversion system captures are as follows:
It may be expressed as: with machine torque and torque
P=Tm·ωm=Te·ωe (2)
Wherein, TmTable machine torque, ωmTable slow-speed shaft revolving speed, TeTable generator electromagnetic torque, ωeTable generator speed,
AndN is gear-box no-load voltage ratio.
The corresponding baseline air density of the reference torque-revolving speed operation curve and its design conditions atmospheric parameter refer to
When unit carries out operation control design case, corresponding atmospheric environment indicates its corresponding density with temperature, pressure, humidity are as follows:
Wherein, ρ0Table atmospheric density, T0Table atmospheric temperature (absolute temperature), B0Table atmospheric pressure, Φ table relative humidity, R0
The dry air gas constant (287.05J/kgK) of surface drying, RwTable water vapor gas constant (461.5J/kgK), PwTable vapour pressure
Power, expression formula are as follows:
When in the operation of design conditions atmosphere, unit turns in reference torque-speed curves according to rotation speed change adjustment
When square setting value, unit obtains optimal capturing efficiency, same to input maximum electromagnetic power output under wind speed.
Relationship between the unit direct torque link setting value and atmospheric density refers to, when atmospheric density changes
When, direct torque target set point follows the relational expression of variable density:
It does not change, under same wind speed input condition in unit attribute, by torque settings value Te refBy original
Only generator speed ωeMonotropic function becomes and ωe, all related function of atmospheric density ρ.
The actual measurement atmospheric temperature, pressure and other parameters carry out torque settings and refer to, according to formula (4) to real atmosphere density
It is calculated, and then carries out the calculating of torque setting valve according to formula (5).
The present invention provides a kind of methods for changing adjustment Wind turbines pitch setting value in real time based on atmospheric density, are dividing
On the basis of contacting between analysis unit torque and atmospheric density, mapping relations between the two are established, are occurred in atmospheric density bright
When aobvious variation, torque settings value is adjusted, changes reference torque-revolving speed operation curve of unit design stage determination to big compression ring
Border variation lacks adaptive, self-adjusting ability status.Variable density is imported the whole of direct torque link setting value by the present invention
Calculating section is determined, by torque from being originally that the monotropic function of revolving speed becomes the function of revolving speed, density, so that torque-speed be transported
Row curve becomes cluster from original one.New method has unit to environment good adaptability, in season and humidity
When variation causes density to change, unit energy adjust automatically torque settings value improves unit operation power curve, in machine
Group optimum tip-speed ratio target phase can preferably realize control strategy.
Present invention grade atmospheric monitoring device on the scene, field grade monitoring system establish connection, atmosphere between unit main control PLC
Monitoring device will meet the parameters input monitoring systems such as atmospheric pressure, the humidity of control precision and sampling period requirement, same to opportunity
Group controller is by the environment temperature input monitoring system at unit point, according to the parameters such as temperature, pressure, humidity, monitoring system
Atmosphere actual density can be calculated and input unit main control PLC again, PLC is bent according to the operation of actual density basis of reference torque-speed
Line adjusts electromagnetic torque setting value, realizes and adjusts.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention without any creative labor, may be used also for those of ordinary skill in the art
To obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is step schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is flow diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, following embodiment be explanation of the invention and
The invention is not limited to following embodiments.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Fig. 1 Fig. 2, the selection wind field and unit of implementing technological transformation, wind field should have measurement atmospheric pressure, wet first
The sensor of degree, measurement accuracy and period meet control and require, and the sensor can carry out analog-to-digital conversion, measurement dress to physical quantity
It is equipped with corresponding communication device and interface, has and variable is uploaded to other platforms, carries out the logical of information exchange with other systems
Road.Implementing the big component such as blade, gear-box of retrofitted unit does not have mass defect, and (such as wind measuring device, variable pitch yaw each subsystem
System etc.) normal operation, the opening of unit master control system communication interface.
Unit design power curve, reference torque-revolving speed operation curve and its corresponding atmospheric parameter is collected (to contain: atmosphere
Temperature, pressure, density, humidity).
Barometer, hygrometer sample frequency meet master control system control cycle request, are established using field grade monitoring big
The medium of gas measuring device and machine set PLC communication, the communication for adjusting logical monitoring system to aeromerric moasurenont device, implementation machine set PLC connect
Mouthful.
Atmospheric pressure, humidity are acquired with certain frequency, unit will be implemented from the environment temperature input monitoring system surveyed, monitoring
System calculates atmosphere real-time density according to pressure, temperature, humidity parameter, inputs machine set PLC controller.
Using master control system PLC configuration software, primary control program source code is edited, by direct torque setting value by tracking revolving speed
Become tracking revolving speed and variable density, so that torque-speed operation curve is become cluster by original one, in determination
Under revolving speed, unit carries out setting value adjusting according to actual measurement atmospheric density in certain section.Unit main control unit will calculate
Torque settings value inputs inverter controller, and inverter controller is compared meter with current torque after receiving torque setting valve
The exciting current adjustment value in next regulating cycle is calculated, realizes torque adjustment.Frequently due to atmospheric environment variation, turn in addition
Stronger stochastic volatility is also presented in the variation of speed, therefore causes the adjustment of torque also inevitable more frequent, answers in Practical Project
In, sets up and adjust dead zone, avoid current transformer from continuing frequent movement, influence regulating effect.
Embodiment one:
Do not consider that the density of typical day in the case where humidity is respectively 30 DEG C of temperature difference of two season of Ningxia wind field summer in winter
0.937kg/m3And 1.04kg/m3, density difference 11%, according to unit operation logic, torque settings value also answers equal proportion to improve
11%, active power also correspondinglys increase.Unit original torque-revolving speed operation curve reference atmospheric parameter is design conditions atmosphere
Parameter has a tremendous difference with two season of summer in winter atmosphere actual parameter, and winter air density is larger, and unit cannot properly increase torque and set
Definite value causes capture power to have very big loss；Summer atmospheric density is less than normal, and unit torque settings are improper, the optimal leaf of offspeed
Tip-speed ratio, capturing efficiency are relatively low.Influence for accurate reactive atmosphere environmental change to unit operation control, it is necessary to unit control
System is transformed.
The wind field has anemometer tower, measures respectively to wind speed, the wind direction at different height, can be to temperature, air pressure, wet
Degree is monitored, and measurement, monitoring result is stored in the data logger of tower body, but the recorder can not lead in real time data
Admission grade monitoring system, while field grade monitoring system can not also calculate atmosphere real-time density, and this density is inputted machine set PLC.
Therefore atmospheric monitoring device, field grade monitoring system, the communication between machine set PLC need to be transformed first, to communications protocol into
Row is unified and converts, it is ensured that data transmission bauds, accuracy meet controlling unit requirement；Air is added in grade monitoring system on the scene
Density conversion algorithm, retrofitted unit PLC primary control program establish contacting between density and unit torque settings link.
Initial stage, which changes torque settings value caused by atmospheric density, is segmented variation, " step " according to four sections " step " of form
Interior torque settings value does not change, and when variations in density amplitude is more than " step ", can be scaled according to amplitude of variation
Torque settings value.In actual operation, atmospheric monitoring device is with ms grades of sample frequency by parameter acquisitions such as atmospheric pressure, humidity
Field grade monitoring system is sent out after filtering, generator set controller is also fed into field grade monitoring system after sampling the atmospheric temperature at seat in the plane,
Field grade monitoring system sends this density back to unit master control, controller receives atmosphere actual density and opens after density conversion again
Beginning torque adjusting, realizes rotational speed regulation.
Unit is excluded the special circumstances such as to break down, under normal power generation state, same wind speed input, the statistical test stage
Generated energy, it is found that before improved unit generation amount is above transformation.
In addition, it should be noted that, the specific embodiments described in this specification, the shape of parts and components are named
Title etc. can be different.The equivalent or simple change that all structure, feature and principles described according to the invention patent design are done, is wrapped
It includes in the scope of protection of the patent of the present invention.Those skilled in the art can be to described specific implementation
Example is done various modifications or additions or is substituted in a similar manner, and without departing from structure of the invention or surmounts this
Range as defined in the claims, is within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density self-adapting, which comprises the following steps:
S1: studying and establishes the relationship between unit wind energy capture mechanical work and generating set electromagnetic torque；
S2: analytical calculation unit reference torque-corresponding baseline air density of revolving speed operation curve and its setting operating condition atmosphere ginseng
Number, including temperature, pressure, humidity；
S3: the relationship between unit direct torque link setting value and atmospheric density is determined；
S4: atmospheric density calculating is carried out according to actual measurement atmospheric temperature, pressure, humidity, carries out torque further according to real atmosphere density
The adaptive setting of setting value；
The unit torque refers to that the current transformer being connected with unit rotor by exciting current feed-in rotor windings, forms alternation magnetic
, rotor drives magnetic field rotating under prime mover input, and then forms induced current in the stator windings, in the stator windings shape
At the torque opposite with rotor machine torque action direction；Relationship between mechanical work and torque can indicate with following equation, wind
The mechanical work that power machine captures are as follows:
It may be expressed as: with machine torque and torque
P=Tm·ωm=Te·ωe (2)
Wherein, TmTable machine torque, ωmTable slow-speed shaft revolving speed, TeTable generator electromagnetic torque, ωeTable generator speed, andN is gear-box no-load voltage ratio.
2. the Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density self-adapting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
It states the corresponding baseline air density of reference torque-revolving speed operation curve and its design conditions atmospheric parameter refers to and transported in unit
When row control design case, corresponding atmospheric environment indicates its corresponding density with temperature, pressure, humidity are as follows:
Wherein, ρ0Table atmospheric density, T0Table atmospheric temperature (absolute temperature), B0Table atmospheric pressure, Φ table relative humidity, R0Surface drying is dry
Air gas constant (287.05J/kgK), RwTable water vapor gas constant (461.5J/kgK), PwTable steam pressure, expression
Formula are as follows:
When in the operation of design conditions atmosphere, unit adjusts torque according to rotation speed change in reference torque-speed curves and sets
When definite value, unit obtains optimal capturing efficiency, same to input maximum electromagnetic power output under wind speed.
3. the Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density self-adapting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
The relationship stated between unit direct torque link setting value and atmospheric density refers to, when atmospheric density changes, torque control
Target set point processed follows the relational expression of variable density:
It does not change, under same wind speed input condition in unit attribute, by torque settings value Te refIt is by original
Generator speed ωeMonotropic function becomes and ωe, all related function of atmospheric density ρ.
4. the Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density self-adapting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
State actual measurement atmospheric temperature, pressure and other parameters carry out torque settings value adaptive setting refer to, it is close to real atmosphere according to formula (4)
Degree is calculated, and then the calculating of torque setting valve is carried out according to formula (5).
5. the Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density self-adapting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that build
Unit main control PLC, field grade monitoring system, the connection between atmospheric monitoring device are found, generator set controller and monitoring system carry out
Data interaction, controller upload the environment temperature at unit point, and atmospheric monitoring device uploads atmospheric pressure, humidity to monitoring
System, field grade monitoring system issue actual density to controller.
6. the Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density self-adapting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that field
Grade monitoring system joined the calculation method of real-time density, and field grade monitoring system is according to atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, in conjunction with dry
The parameters such as dry air gas constant, water vapor gas constant, steam pressure can calculate atmosphere actual density.
7. the Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density self-adapting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that big
Gas monitoring device need to meet control precision and cycle request.
8. the Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density self-adapting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that machine
Electromagnetic torque setting valve is changed into the function of many variables of density and revolving speed by the monotropic function of revolving speed in group master controller, so that turning
Square-revolving speed reference curve becomes a set of curves from an original datum curve.
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| CN103573550A (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-02-12 | 华锐风电科技(集团)股份有限公司 | Control method and system of wind turbine |
| CN103758697A (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2014-04-30 | 南京理工大学 | Improved maximum power point tracking control method on basis of effective tracking intervals of fans |
| CN103758699A (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2014-04-30 | 浙江运达风电股份有限公司 | Pitch angle control method and pitch angle controller of wind generating set |
| CN104747366A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-01 | 上海电气风电设备有限公司 | Wind electricity generator set control method capable of adapting to air density changes |
| CN106194581A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2016-12-07 | 中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 | A kind of method and system improving wind turbine transmission chain operation stability |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103573550A (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-02-12 | 华锐风电科技(集团)股份有限公司 | Control method and system of wind turbine |
| CN104747366A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-01 | 上海电气风电设备有限公司 | Wind electricity generator set control method capable of adapting to air density changes |
| CN103758697A (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2014-04-30 | 南京理工大学 | Improved maximum power point tracking control method on basis of effective tracking intervals of fans |
| CN103758699A (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2014-04-30 | 浙江运达风电股份有限公司 | Pitch angle control method and pitch angle controller of wind generating set |
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