CN107255062A - A kind of Wind turbines torque rotary speed control method of density self-adapting - Google Patents
A kind of Wind turbines torque rotary speed control method of density self-adapting Download PDFInfo
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- CN107255062A CN107255062A CN201611179695.XA CN201611179695A CN107255062A CN 107255062 A CN107255062 A CN 107255062A CN 201611179695 A CN201611179695 A CN 201611179695A CN 107255062 A CN107255062 A CN 107255062A
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method for changing adjustment Wind turbines pitch setting value in real time based on atmospheric density, on the basis of being contacted between analysis unit torque and atmospheric density, set up mapping relations therebetween, when significant change occurs for atmospheric density, torque settings value is adjusted, the reference torque rotating speed operation curve for changing the determination of unit design stage changes the present situation for lacking adaptive, self-adjusting ability to atmospheric environment.The present invention by variable density import direct torque link setting value adaptive setting part, by torque from be originally the monotropic function of rotating speed be changed into rotating speed, density function, so that torque rotary speed operation curve is changed into cluster from original one；New method makes unit possess to environment good adaptability, when season and humidity change causing density to change, unit energy adjust automatically torque settings value, improves unit operation power curve, control strategy can be preferably realized in unit optimum tip-speed ratio target phase.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wind power generation field, it is related to running of wind generating set control design case field, and in particular to one kind certainly
Adapt to the Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density.
Background technology
Wind-powered electricity generation is that current Technical comparing maturation, higher degree of being practical, business development value and the market competitiveness are stronger
Energy utilization type, obtains tremendous development in recent years, according to National Energy Board's statistics, by the end of the year 2014, Wind Power In China
Add up grid-connected installed capacity close to 100,000,000 kilowatts.With the rapid growth of scale, in industry to the concern of unit operation performance also by
Step heating, correlative study has deployed, it was found that some such as unit operation efficiencies do not reach exerts oneself under design load, equal wind speed
Long-term relatively low compared with guarantee power, the corresponding wind speed of rated power is higher than design rated wind speed；Control strategy to density bad adaptability,
The problems such as torque regulation can not be well matched with control characteristic of the mechanical parts such as impeller etc..
By analysis, it is found that it is main cause therein generator set control strategy is set improper.The speed change of current main flow
Constant frequency double-fed unit whole service curve can be divided into four workspaces, be that first paragraph raising speed is grid-connected, second segment C respectivelypIt is optimal (most
Good tip speed ratio), the 3rd section of invariablenes turning speed, the 4th section of power invariability, the relatively low situation of above-mentioned unit efficiency is main with second
Based on operation phase.So-called optimum tip-speed ratio target phase refers to that unit, by controlling electromagnetic torque (hereinafter referred to as torque), is adjusted
Wheel speed is saved, the continuous tracking that coefficient is caught to maximal wind-energy is realized.But in engineer applied, because accurate measurement wind speed has
Certain difficulty, actually by calculating and emulating, is determined under design condition, unit operation when optimum tip-speed ratio section,
Generating unit speed and the corresponding relation of torque, form torque-speed operation curve, and unit is adjusted around the operation curve.But
It is that the actual motion environment of unit varies, there is larger difference, moment when air themperature, pressure, humidity on space-time
Quarter is all changing, and causes unit often to operate near non-optimal curve, causes certain energy loss.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of unit torque-speed control method of adaptive space air tightness, torque-speed is run bent
Line is changed into cluster from original one, and solution is that unit direct torque ring setting value can not accurately respond atmospheric parameter change
Problem so that unit is operated on different torque-speed curves under different atmospheric density.I.e. according to local environment not
Together, torque settings value is adaptively adjusted, realizes that optimum operating condition generates electricity.
Unit torque-speed control method proposed by the present invention, comprises the following steps：
S1：The relation studied and established between unit seizure mechanical work and generating set torque；
S2：Research and analyse calculating unit reference torque-corresponding baseline air density of rotating speed operation curve and its setting work
Condition atmospheric parameter (including temperature, pressure, humidity)；
S3：Determine the relation between unit direct torque link setting value and atmospheric density；
S4：Atmospheric density calculating is carried out according to actual measurement atmospheric temperature, pressure, humidity, carried out further according to real atmosphere density
The regulation of torque settings value.
Present invention analysis unit torque and the relation of atmospheric density, unit torque control is adjusted according to actual measurement atmospheric density in real time
Definite value is set up, unit is improved to the adaptability of environment, realizes unit automatic adjusument torque-speed operation curve, fully profit
With tracking advantage of the variable units to optimum tip-speed ratio, the maximum conversion of power is realized.
The Wind turbines catch the power that mechanical work refers to the capture of wind energy conversion system part, and wind energy conversion system includes blade, wheel hub, master
The parts such as axle and its corresponding governor motion, its mechanical energy size absorbed are relevant with to wind and change oar, are not considering unit pair
In the case of windage losses, it is relevant that generating unit speed comes wind interflow angle with blade.
Unit reference torque-rotating speed the operation curve refers to unit under design environment, in set grid-connection rotating speed to volume
Determine speed stage (i.e. optimum tip-speed ratio section), to realize that unit optimum tip-speed ratio and optimal wind energy catch coefficient, set in unit
In the meter stage, the corresponding relation of unit torque and optimum speed is fitted to unit when being run on a curve, this curve and maintained
In optimum tip-speed ratio, when come wind change wind speed round off-target curve when, unit adjustment generator torque so that turn
Speed revert to best curve.
The unit torque refers to that the current transformer being connected with unit rotor, by exciting current feed-in rotor windings, forms alternation
Magnetic field, rotor forms induced-current in the stator windings in prime mover input lower band moving field rotation, in the stator windings
Form the torque opposite with rotor machine torque action direction.Relation between mechanical work and torque can represent with following equation,
Wind energy conversion system catch mechanical work be：
It is represented by with machine torque and torque：
P=Tm·ωm=Te·ωe (2)
Wherein, TmTable machine torque, ωmTable low speed rotating speed, TeTable generator electromagnetic torque, ωeTable generator speed,
AndN is gear-box no-load voltage ratio.
The corresponding baseline air density of the reference torque-rotating speed operation curve and its design conditions atmospheric parameter refer to
Unit carry out operation control design case when, corresponding atmospheric environment, using temperature, pressure, humidity represent its corresponding density as：
Wherein, ρ0Table atmospheric density, T0Table atmospheric temperature (absolute temperature), B0Table atmospheric pressure, Φ tables relative humidity, R0
The dry air gas constant (287.05J/kgK) of surface drying, RwTable water vapor gas constant (461.5J/kgK), PwTable vapour pressure
Power, expression formula is：
When being run in design conditions air, unit turns in reference torque-speed curves according to rotation speed change adjustment
During square setting value, unit obtains maximum electromagnetic power output under optimal capturing efficiency, equal input wind speed.
Relation between the unit direct torque link setting value and atmospheric density refers to, when atmospheric density changes
When, direct torque target set point follows the relational expression of variable density：
Do not change in unit attribute, under same wind speed input condition, by torque settings value Te refBy original
Simply generator speed ωeMonotropic function is changed into and ωe, all related functions of atmospheric density ρ.
The actual measurement atmospheric temperature, pressure and other parameters carry out torque settings and referred to, according to formula (4) to real atmosphere density
Calculated, and then according to the calculating of formula (5) progress torque setting valve.
The invention provides a kind of method for changing adjustment Wind turbines pitch setting value in real time based on atmospheric density, dividing
On the basis of being contacted between analysis unit torque and atmospheric density, mapping relations therebetween are set up, are occurred in atmospheric density bright
During aobvious change, torque settings value is adjusted, reference torque-rotating speed operation curve of unit design stage determination is changed to big compression ring
Border change lacks the adaptive, present situation of self-adjusting ability.Variable density is imported the whole of direct torque link setting value by the present invention
Determine calculating section, by torque from be originally the monotropic function of rotating speed be changed into rotating speed, density function, so that torque-speed be transported
Row curve is changed into cluster from original one.New method makes unit possess to environment good adaptability, in season and humidity
When change causes the density to change, unit can adjust automatically torque settings value, unit operation power curve is improved, in machine
Group optimum tip-speed ratio target phase can preferably realize control strategy.
Contact, air are established between present invention level atmospheric monitoring device on the scene, field level monitoring system, unit main control PLC
Monitoring device will meet the parameter input monitoring systems, same opportunity such as atmospheric pressure, the humidity of control accuracy and sampling period requirement
Group controller is by the environment temperature input monitoring system at unit point position, according to the parameters such as temperature, pressure, humidity, monitoring system
Air actual density can be calculated and input unit main control PLC again, PLC is bent according to the operation of actual density basis of reference torque-speed
Line adjusts electromagnetic torque setting value, realizes regulation.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the accompanying drawing used required in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without having to pay creative labor, may be used also
To obtain other accompanying drawings according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is step schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is schematic flow sheet of the invention.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, following examples be explanation of the invention and
The invention is not limited in following examples.
Embodiment 1：
As shown in Fig. 1 Fig. 2, the wind field and unit of technological transformation are implemented in selection first, and wind field should have measurement atmospheric pressure, wet
The sensor of degree, measurement accuracy and cycle meet control and required, and the sensor can carry out analog-to-digital conversion, measurement dress to physical quantity
Corresponding communication device and interface are equipped with, possesses and variable is uploaded to other platforms, the logical of information exchange is carried out with other systems
Road.Implementing the big part such as blade, gear-box of retrofitted unit does not have mass defect, each subsystem (such as wind measuring device, change oar driftage
System etc.) normal operation, the opening of unit master control system communication interface.
Unit design power curve, reference torque-rotating speed operation curve and its corresponding atmospheric parameter is collected (to contain：Air
Temperature, pressure, density, humidity).
Barometer, hygrometer sample frequency meet the requirement of master control system controlling cycle, set up big using field level monitoring
The medium that gas measurement apparatus is communicated with machine set PLC, adjusts the communication of logical monitoring system to aeromerric moasurenont device, implementation machine set PLC to connect
Mouthful.
With certain frequency collection atmospheric pressure, humidity, the environment temperature input monitoring system that unit is tested oneself, monitoring will be implemented
System calculates air real-time density according to pressure, temperature, humidity parameter, inputs machine set PLC controller.
Using master control system PLC configuration softwares, primary control program source code is edited, by direct torque setting value by tracking rotating speed
Be changed into tracking rotating speed and variable density, so that torque-speed operation curve is become into cluster by original one, it is determined that
Under rotating speed, unit carries out setting value in certain interval according to actual measurement atmospheric density and adjusted.Unit main control unit will be calculated
Torque settings value inputs inverter controller, and inverter controller is received is compared meter with current torque after torque setting valve
The exciting current adjustment value in next regulating cycle is calculated, realizes that torque is adjusted.Because atmospheric environment change is frequent, turn in addition
Stronger stochastic volatility is also presented in the change of speed, therefore causes the adjustment of torque also inevitable more frequent, should in Practical Project
In, it set up regulation dead band, it is to avoid current transformer continues frequent movement, influence regulating effect.
Embodiment one：
Two season of Ningxia wind field summer in winter 30 DEG C of temperature difference, the density that typical day in the case of humidity is not considered is respectively
0.937kg/m3And 1.04kg/m3, density difference 11%, according to unit operation principle, torque settings value also answers equal proportion to improve
11%, active power is also accordingly improved.The atmospheric parameter of unit original torque-rotating speed operation curve reference is design conditions air
Parameter, has a tremendous difference, winter air density is larger, unit can not properly increase torque and set with two season of summer in winter air actual parameter
Definite value, causes seizure power to have very big loss；Summer atmospheric density is less than normal, and unit torque settings are improper, the optimal leaf of offspeed
Tip-speed ratio, capturing efficiency is relatively low.The influence controlled for accurate reactive atmosphere environmental change unit operation, it is necessary to unit control
It is processed to be transformed.
The wind field has anemometer tower, and the wind speed at different height, wind direction are measured respectively, can be to temperature, air pressure, wet
Degree is monitored, and will be measured, in the data logger of monitoring result deposit tower body, but the recorder can not lead data in real time
Admission level monitoring system, while field level monitoring system can not also calculate air real-time density, and inputs machine set PLC by this density.
Therefore the communication between atmospheric monitoring device, field level monitoring system, machine set PLC need to be transformed first, communications protocol is entered
Row is unified and changes, it is ensured that data transmission bauds, the degree of accuracy meet controlling unit requirement；Air is added in level monitoring system on the scene
Density conversion algorithm, retrofitted unit PLC primary control programs set up contacting between density and unit torque settings link.
Initial stage torque settings value changes caused by atmospheric density are segmented according to the form of four sections " step " and changed, " step "
Interior torque settings value does not change, and when variations in density amplitude exceedes " step ", can be scaled according to amplitude of variation
Torque settings value.In actual motion, atmospheric monitoring device is with ms grades of sample frequency by parameter acquisitions such as atmospheric pressure, humidity
Field level monitoring system is sent out after filtering, generator set controller is also fed into field level monitoring system after the atmospheric temperature at seat in the plane is sampled,
Field level monitoring system sends this density back to unit master control, controller receives air actual density and opened again after density conversion
Beginning torque is adjusted, and realizes rotational speed regulation.
Unit is excluded the special circumstances, under normal power generation state, equal wind speed input, statistical test stage such as to break down
Generated energy, it is found that improved unit generation amount is above before transformation.
Furthermore, it is necessary to explanation, the specific embodiment described in this specification, is named the shape of its parts and components
Title etc. can be different.The equivalent or simple change that all construction, feature and principles according to described in inventional idea of the present invention are done, is wrapped
Include in the protection domain of patent of the present invention.Those skilled in the art can be to described specific implementation
Example is made various modifications or supplement or substituted using similar mode, structure without departing from the present invention or surmounts this
Scope as defined in the claims, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the Wind turbines torque-speed control method of a kind of density self-adapting, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1：The relation studied and established between unit wind energy seizure mechanical work and generating set electromagnetic torque；
S2：Analysis calculates unit reference torque-corresponding baseline air density of rotating speed operation curve and its setting operating mode air ginseng
Number, including temperature, pressure, humidity；
S3：Determine the relation between unit direct torque link setting value and atmospheric density；
S4：Atmospheric density calculating is carried out according to actual measurement atmospheric temperature, pressure, humidity, torque is carried out further according to real atmosphere density
The adaptive setting of setting value.
2. the Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density self-adapting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
State unit torque and refer to that the current transformer being connected with unit rotor, by exciting current feed-in rotor windings, forms alternating magnetic field, rotor
In prime mover input lower band moving field rotation, and then induced-current is formed in the stator windings, formed in the stator windings with turning
The torque in opposite direction of handset tool torque；Relation between mechanical work and torque can represent that wind energy conversion system is caught with following equation
The mechanical work caught is：
<mrow>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>&rho;&pi;R</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<msup>
<mi>V</mi>
<mn>3</mn>
</msup>
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<mi>C</mi>
<mi>P</mi>
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<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
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<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
It is represented by with machine torque and torque：
P=Tm·ωm=Te·ωe (2)
Wherein, TmTable machine torque, ωmTable low speed rotating speed, TeTable generator electromagnetic torque, ωeTable generator speed, andN is gear-box no-load voltage ratio.
3. the Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density self-adapting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
State the corresponding baseline air density of reference torque-rotating speed operation curve and its design conditions atmospheric parameter refers to be transported in unit
During row control design case, corresponding atmospheric environment, using temperature, pressure, humidity represent its corresponding density as：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&rho;</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>R</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>&Phi;</mi>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mi>w</mi>
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<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
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<mo>-</mo>
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<mo>(</mo>
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<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, ρ0Table atmospheric density, T0Table atmospheric temperature (absolute temperature), B0Table atmospheric pressure, Φ tables relative humidity, R0Surface drying is dry
Air gas constant (287.05J/kgK), RwTable water vapor gas constant (461.5J/kgK), PwTable steam pressure, expression
Formula is：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mi>w</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0.0000205</mn>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
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<mn>0.0631846</mn>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
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<mo>-</mo>
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<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
When being run in design conditions air, unit adjusts torque according to rotation speed change in reference torque-speed curves and set
During definite value, unit obtains maximum electromagnetic power output under optimal capturing efficiency, equal input wind speed.
4. the Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density self-adapting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
The relation stated between unit direct torque link setting value and atmospheric density refers to, when atmospheric density changes, torque control
Target set point processed follows the relational expression of variable density：
<mrow>
<msup>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
</msub>
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<mi>r</mi>
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1
Do not change in unit attribute, under same wind speed input condition, by torque settings value Te refIt is by original
Generator speed ωeMonotropic function is changed into and ωe, all related functions of atmospheric density ρ.
5. the Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density self-adapting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
Actual measurement atmospheric temperature, the adaptive setting of pressure and other parameters progress torque settings value is stated to refer to, it is close to real atmosphere according to formula (4)
Degree is calculated, and then according to the calculating of formula (5) progress torque setting valve.
6. the Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density self-adapting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that build
The contact between unit main control PLC, field level monitoring system, atmospheric monitoring device is stood, generator set controller is carried out with monitoring system
Data interaction, controller uploads the environment temperature at unit point position place, and atmospheric monitoring device uploads atmospheric pressure, humidity to monitoring
System, field level monitoring system issues actual density to controller.
7. the Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density self-adapting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that field
Level monitoring system adds the computational methods of real-time density, and field level monitoring system is according to atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, with reference to dry
The parameters such as dry air gas constant, water vapor gas constant, steam pressure can calculate air actual density.
8. the Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density self-adapting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that big
Gas monitoring device need to meet control accuracy and cycle request.
9. the Wind turbines torque-speed control method of density self-adapting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that machine
Electromagnetic torque setting valve is changed into the function of many variables of density and rotating speed by the monotropic function of rotating speed in group master controller so that turned
Square-rotating speed reference curve is changed into a set of curves from an original datum curve.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110966142A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-07 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Control method and device for wind generating set |
| CN117318562A (en) * | 2023-10-24 | 2023-12-29 | 北京皓德创业科技有限公司 | Energy-saving motor curve design method |
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