CN107254431B - 一种新型组织工程皮肤制备方法 - Google Patents

一种新型组织工程皮肤制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107254431B
CN107254431B CN201710376693.8A CN201710376693A CN107254431B CN 107254431 B CN107254431 B CN 107254431B CN 201710376693 A CN201710376693 A CN 201710376693A CN 107254431 B CN107254431 B CN 107254431B
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mesenchymal stem
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张君祥
姜大奎
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Lin Cuixia
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种新型组织工程皮肤制备方法。本发明方法是以羊膜脱细胞支架和间充质干细胞联合培养作为载体,接种角质细胞,采用无血清培养系统培养,得到完整的组织工程皮肤膜片。通过上述方式,本发明能够培养出完整皮肤膜片可用于皮肤疤痕修复,白癜风治疗。本发明所述角质细胞来源自体皮肤或新生儿包皮。本发明方法采用的载体免疫原性低同时又具有生物活性,无血清培养系统实现角质细胞的体外无血清培育和扩增,对细胞生长、增殖,细胞的形态、活性和功能均不会产生不良的影响,反而起到改善的作用,采用本发明方法培养得到的皮肤膜片与天然肌肤接近,进行植皮培养后,可用于烧伤、烫伤等受损皮肤的疤痕修复,也可用于皮肤病,如白癜风等的治疗。

Description

一种新型组织工程皮肤制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及组织工程皮肤构建及再生医学领域,特别是涉及一种用于治疗皮肤缺损,疤痕修复的新型组织工程皮肤制备方法。
背景技术
组织工程皮肤是组织工程研究最为成熟的一个领域,其核心内容是构建一种支持细胞生长的三维支架,与角质形成细胞和/或成纤维细胞进行体外复合培养,形成可用于创面覆盖与修复的皮肤等同物。其中,支架材料为种子细胞提供了黏附、迁移、增生和分化的空间环境,在组织工程皮肤的构建中起着重要作用。
组织工程皮肤支架材料主要包括人工合成组织工程皮肤支架材料(简称人工合成支架材料)和天然组织工程皮肤支架材料(简称天然支架材料)两大类。人工合成支架材料主要包括聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚原酸酯、聚己内酯、聚氰基丙烯酸烷基酯及其共聚物等。人工合成支架材料始终无法模拟天然真皮的三维空间结构,其成分为人工合成,亲水性不够理想,缺乏细胞识别信号,与细胞间缺乏生物性相互作用,对细胞黏附力较弱。而天然支架材料来源于天然组织,来源丰富,制作较为简单,造价低廉,且在三维结构、组织亲和性、机械性能及生物降解性等方面显著优于人工合成支架材料,但天然支架材料因来源和所含成分不同,存在着不同程度的免疫原性,限制了其临床的广泛应用。
Rheinwald和Green等进行早期研究发现,人类表皮角质细胞能够在体外被分离、培养。这样人们就可以在体外进行有关角质细胞形态、生化特性以及分化的研究。重建表皮也可用于研究表皮发育,也可以作为药理学研究的表皮外模型,或者作为自体移植物用于临床治疗。传统人类表皮角质细胞培养很难获得可用于临床移植的组织工程皮肤。
发明内容
为克服现有技术的不足,本发明目的在于提供一种以羊膜脱细胞支架和间充质干细胞为载体,构建角质细胞类体内培养环境,采用无血清培养系统培养制备新型组织工程方法的方法,解决现有技术中,人工支架不具备生物活性和天然支架的免疫原性的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种新型组织工程皮肤培养方法,是以羊膜脱细胞支架和间充质干细胞联合培养作为载体,接种角质细胞,采用无血清培养系统培养20-22天,得到完整的组织工程皮肤膜片。
所述无血清培养系统采用的培养液可采用商品化角质细胞无血清培养基。优选的,采用商品化角质细胞无血清培养基中添加人表皮生长因子52-58纳克/毫升,氢化可的松0.25-0.5微克/毫升,胰岛素1.2-4.5微克/毫升。
所述无血清培养系统采用的培养液最优的组成是:在商品化角质细胞无血清培养基中添加人表皮生长因子55纳克/毫升,氢化可的松0.3微克/毫升,胰岛素2.5微克/毫升。
所述以羊膜脱细胞支架和间充质干细胞联合培养作为载体,是将羊膜脱细胞支架和间充质干细胞混合后,平铺并包被于培养皿中,培养7-9天,待用。
优选的,所述羊膜脱细胞支架和间充质干细胞的混合比例为:每2~25克羊膜脱细胞支架与20000~150000个间充质干细胞混合。
优选的,所述羊膜脱细胞支架采用如下步骤制备:
(1)消毒:将羊膜分离后,加入离心管中,每15g羊膜加入20ml体积分数65-75%的酒精消毒2-3分钟;(2)脱细胞:将消毒后的羊膜剪碎、在-80℃冻存48小时后,置于52-60℃水浴0.5-1.5小时,反复5~10次,匀浆后得匀浆液;在匀浆液中加入胰酶,消化25-35分钟,胰酶加入量为每5ml匀浆液加入2ml 0.2~0.3%的胰酶;消化结束,加入基础培养基DMEM清洗,离心,取沉淀,在-198~-80℃冻干储存,得羊膜脱细胞支架,备用。
优选的,所述羊膜脱细胞支架为人脐带羊膜脱细胞支架。所述间充质干细胞为脐带间充质干细胞。
所述脐带间充质干细胞采用如下步骤制备:将华通氏胶分离,取新鲜脐带去除血管,剪碎,放入培养瓶中,加入脐带间充质干细胞培养液培养;培养第5天,第一次更换脐带间充质干细胞培养液;培养第10天,第二次更换脐带间充质干细胞培养液;培养15天后,根据细胞生长状态,进行传代培养。
优选的,所述脐带间充质干细胞培养液是在商品化的脐带间充质干细胞培养基中添加肝素钠2.2-4.8微克/毫升获得。
优选的,所述角质细胞取自自体皮肤或新生儿切除的包皮皮肤。所述角质细胞可采用如下无血清分离培养技术获得,具体步骤是: 取皮肤组织,消毒、灭菌,将表皮自真皮分离;然后在37℃下,将表皮在胰酶-EDTA溶液中消化10-20分钟;每隔5分钟摇动消化液,提高细胞数量;消化结束,加入基础培养基DMEM溶液离心5-10分钟,将细胞悬浮于5ml角质细胞培养液中,再以70-100μm细胞筛,过滤细胞悬液,获得角质细胞。
所述角质细胞培养液可采用本申请技术方案所述的无血清培养系统所采用的培养液,具体组成是:在角质细胞无血清培养基中添加人表皮生长因子52-58纳克/毫升,氢化可的松0.25-0.5微克/毫升,胰岛素1.2-4.5微克/毫升。优选的,添加人表皮生长因子55纳克/毫升,氢化可的松0.3微克/毫升,胰岛素2.5微克/毫升。角质细胞无血清培养基可选择商品化的产品。
在本发明所提供的组织工程皮肤培养方法中,所述角质细胞体外培养和扩增还可采用本领域常见的任何用于为获得自体细胞的体外培养和扩增方法,如组织消化培养法、组织块培养法等,角质细胞分离培养优选采用组织消化培养法;间充质干细胞分离培养优选组织块培养法。
本发明所述的采集的皮肤组织是自体皮肤或新生儿切除的包皮的皮肤,所述皮肤同时包括表皮和真皮。
本发明相对于现有技术的有益技术效果如下:
(1)采用羊膜脱细胞支架与间充质干细胞联合培养作为载体可为角质细胞生长提供有利条件;
(2)传统培养基通常加入约10%~20%的新生牛血清或胎牛血清,而本发明使用的是无血清培养系统,该系统对于细胞生长、增殖、 形态、活性和功能没有不良影响,甚至有所改善;同时本发所获得的组织工程皮肤在韧性,强度和厚度等方面都更加接近于天然表皮;
(3)本发明方法采用的载体免疫原性低同时又具有生物活性,采用无血清培养系统实现角质细胞的体外无血清培育和扩增,对细胞生长、增殖,细胞的形态、活性和功能均不会产生不良的影响,反而起到改善的作用,采用本发明方法培养得到的皮肤膜片与天然肌肤接近,进行植皮培养后,可用于烧伤、烫伤等受损皮肤的疤痕修复,也可用于皮肤病,如白癜风等的治疗。
附图说明
图1为本发明的新型组织工程皮肤制备流程图。图2为培养4天后的皮肤(20x倍数的显微镜下);图3为培养21天后的皮肤表面形态图(20x倍数的显微镜下);图4为培养第21天得到的组织工程皮肤膜片的DOPA染色结果。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所述的内容更易于理解,下面通过具体实施例对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的详述,但本发明不仅限于此。
实施例1 通过以下步骤实现本发明。
1、皮肤组织准备:
(1)迅速将割下的自体皮肤置于无菌PBS液中,在4℃运输至实验室;
(2)用剪刀尽可能除去皮下脂肪组织;
(3)室温下,将经步骤(2)处理的皮肤组织以碘伏消毒10分钟;
(4)采用无菌PBS将消毒后的皮肤组织清洗3次;
(5)将步骤(4)清洗后的皮肤组织置于无菌培养皿中,切成尺寸为5mm×5mm的小块;
(6)将步骤(5)的皮肤组织置于15ml离散酶中,4℃下保存过夜。
2、羊膜脱细胞支架制备:
(1)消毒:将羊膜分离后,加入离心管,每15g羊膜加入20ml体积分数65-75%的酒精消毒2-3分钟;(2)脱细胞:将消毒后的羊膜剪碎、在-80℃冻存48小时后,置于52-60℃水浴0.5-1.5小时,反复5~10次,匀浆后得匀浆液;在匀浆液中加入胰酶,消化25-35分钟,胰酶加入量为每5ml匀浆液加入2ml 0.2~0.3%的胰酶;消化结束,加入基础培养基DMEM清洗,离心,取沉淀,在-198~-80℃冻干储存,得羊膜脱细胞支架,备用。
3、人脐带间充质细胞制备:采用新型组织块培养法进行,先将华通氏胶分离,取新鲜脐带去除血管,剪碎,放入培养瓶中,加入脐带间充质干细胞培养液培养;培养第5天,第一次更换脐带间充质干细胞培养液;培养第10天,第二次更换脐带间充质干细胞培养液;培养15天后,根据细胞生长状态,进行传代培养,得脐带间充质干细胞;其中,所采用的脐带间充质干细胞培养液是在商品化的脐带间充质干细胞培养基(Stemcell 05420 MesenCult™-XF Medium 间充质干细胞无血清培养基)中添加肝素钠3.5微克/毫升获得。
4、培养皿包被处理:将步骤2制得的羊膜脱细胞支架10克,步骤3制得的脐带间充质干细胞100000个混合平铺至培养皿中,在二氧化碳培养箱37℃培养48小时,得到羊膜脱细胞支架与间充质干细胞联合培养的载体,待用。
5、角质细胞的分离、培养:
(1)将步骤1中4℃下保存过夜的皮肤组织置于另一培养皿中,加入少量PBS防止干燥;
(2)用无菌镊子将表皮自真皮分离;
(3)37℃下,将表皮在5ml胰酶-EDTA溶液中消化15分钟;
(4)每隔5分钟摇动消化液,提高细胞数量;
(5)加入10ml基础培养基DMEM溶液;
(6)666g离心5分钟;
(7)细胞悬浮于5ml培养液中;所采用的培养液组成为:在商品化角质细胞无血清培养基(Defined Keratinocyte-SFM (1X), Liquid货号: 10744019 Gibco™)中添加人表皮生长因子55纳克/毫升,氢化可的松0.3微克/毫升,胰岛素2.5微克/毫升;
(8)以80μm细胞筛,过滤细胞悬液,获得角质细胞;
(9)细胞计数并判断活力;
(10)按照5000个细胞/平方厘米的接种密度,将角质细胞接种在步骤4制得的、羊膜脱细胞支架与间充质干细胞联合培养作为载体包被的培养皿中;加入步骤(7)的培养液培养;(11)每周观察,2~3天更换培养液一次;
(12)培养到15天添加氯化钙1.5mmol/L;
(13)培养21天可以剥离,获得新型组织工程皮肤,出厂,检测,用于临床治疗。
培养4天、21天后的皮肤表面形态(20x倍数的显微镜下)分别如图2、图3所示;图4为培养第21天得到的工程皮肤膜片的DOPA染色结果。可以看到,采用本发明方法获得的皮肤,皮肤膜片角质细胞分布紧密,黑色素细胞分布均匀。
实施例2 通过以下步骤实现本发明。
1、皮肤组织准备:
(1)迅速将割下的自体皮肤置于无菌PBS液中,在4℃运输至实验室;
(2)用剪刀尽可能除去皮下脂肪组织;
(3)室温下,将经步骤(2)处理的皮肤组织以碘伏消毒10分钟;
(4)采用无菌PBS将消毒后的皮肤组织清洗3次;
(5)将步骤(4)清洗后的皮肤组织置于无菌培养皿中,切成尺寸为5mm×5mm的小块;
(6)将步骤(5)的皮肤组织置于15ml离散酶中,4℃下保存过夜。
2、羊膜脱细胞支架制备:
(1)消毒:将羊膜分离后,加入离心管,每15g羊膜加入20ml体积分数65-75%的酒精消毒2-3分钟;(2)脱细胞:将消毒后的羊膜剪碎、在-80℃冻存48小时后,置于52-60℃水浴0.5-1.5小时,反复5~10次,匀浆后得匀浆液;在匀浆液中加入胰酶,消化25-35分钟,胰酶加入量为每5ml匀浆液加入2ml 0.2~0.3%的胰酶;消化结束,加入基础培养基DMEM清洗,离心,取沉淀,在-198~-80℃冻干储存,得羊膜脱细胞支架,备用。
3、人脐带间充质细胞制备:采用新型组织块培养法进行,先将华通氏胶分离,取新鲜脐带去除血管,剪碎,放入培养瓶中,加入脐带间充质干细胞培养液培养;培养第5天,第一次更换脐带间充质干细胞培养液;培养第10天,第二次更换脐带间充质干细胞培养液;培养15天后,根据细胞生长状态,进行传代培养,得脐带间充质干细胞;其中,所采用的脐带间充质干细胞培养液是在商品化的脐带间充质干细胞培养基(Stemcell 05420 MesenCult™-XF Medium 间充质干细胞无血清培养基)中添加肝素钠2.2微克/毫升获得。
4、培养皿包被处理:将步骤2制得的羊膜脱细胞支架10克,步骤3制得的脐带间充质干细胞100000个混合平铺至培养皿中,在二氧化碳培养箱37℃培养48小时,得到羊膜脱细胞支架与间充质干细胞联合培养的载体,待用。
5、角质细胞的分离、培养:
(1)将步骤1中4℃下保存过夜的皮肤组织置于另一培养皿中,加入少量PBS防止干燥;
(2)用无菌镊子将表皮自真皮分离;
(3)37℃下,将表皮在5ml胰酶-EDTA溶液中消化15分钟;
(4)每隔5分钟摇动消化液,提高细胞数量;
(5)加入10ml基础培养基DMEM溶液;
(6)666g离心5分钟;
(7)细胞悬浮于5ml培养液中;所采用的培养液组成为:在商品化角质细胞无血清培养基(Defined Keratinocyte-SFM (1X), Liquid货号: 10744019 Gibco™)中添加人表皮生长因子52纳克/毫升,氢化可的松0.5微克/毫升,胰岛素1.2微克/毫升;
(8)以80μm细胞筛,过滤细胞悬液,获得角质细胞;
(9)细胞计数并判断活力;
(10)按照5000个细胞/平方厘米的接种密度,将角质细胞接种在步骤4制得的、羊膜脱细胞支架与间充质干细胞联合培养作为载体包被的培养皿中;加入步骤(7)的培养液培养;
(11)每周观察,2~3天更换培养液一次;
(12)培养到15天添加氯化钙1.5mmol/L;
(13)培养21天可以剥离,获得新型组织工程皮肤,出厂,检测,用于临床治疗。
实施例3 通过以下步骤实现本发明。
1、皮肤组织准备:
(1)迅速将割下的自体皮肤置于无菌PBS液中,在4℃运输至实验室;
(2)用剪刀尽可能除去皮下脂肪组织;
(3)室温下,将经步骤(2)处理的皮肤组织以碘伏消毒10分钟;
(4)采用无菌PBS将消毒后的皮肤组织清洗3次;
(5)将步骤(4)清洗后的皮肤组织置于无菌培养皿中,切成尺寸为5mm×5mm的小块;
(6)将步骤(5)的皮肤组织置于15ml离散酶中,4℃下保存过夜。
2、羊膜脱细胞支架制备:
(1)消毒:将羊膜分离后,加入离心管,每15g羊膜加入20ml体积分数65-75%的酒精消毒2-3分钟;
(2)脱细胞:将消毒后的羊膜剪碎、在-80℃冻存48小时后,置于52-60℃水浴0.5-1.5小时,反复5~10次,匀浆后得匀浆液;在匀浆液中加入胰酶,消化25-35分钟,胰酶加入量为每5ml匀浆液加入2ml 0.2~0.3%的胰酶;消化结束,加入基础培养基DMEM清洗,离心,取沉淀,在-198~-80℃冻干储存,得羊膜脱细胞支架,备用。
3、人脐带间充质细胞制备:采用新型组织块培养法进行,先将华通氏胶分离,取新鲜脐带去除血管,剪碎,放入培养瓶中,加入脐带间充质干细胞培养液培养;培养第5天,第一次更换脐带间充质干细胞培养液;培养第10天,第二次更换脐带间充质干细胞培养液;培养15天后,根据细胞生长状态,进行传代培养,得脐带间充质干细胞;其中,所采用的脐带间充质干细胞培养液是在商品化的脐带间充质干细胞培养基(Stemcell 05420 MesenCult™-XF Medium 间充质干细胞无血清培养基)中添加肝素钠4.8微克/毫升获得。
4、培养皿包被处理:将步骤2制得的羊膜脱细胞支架10克,步骤3制得的脐带间充质干细胞100000个混合平铺至培养皿中,在二氧化碳培养箱37℃培养48小时,得到羊膜脱细胞支架与间充质干细胞联合培养的载体,待用。
5、角质细胞的分离、培养:
(1)将步骤1中4℃下保存过夜的皮肤组织置于另一培养皿中,加入少量PBS防止干燥;
(2)用无菌镊子将表皮自真皮分离;
(3)37℃下,将表皮在5ml胰酶-EDTA溶液中消化15分钟;
(4)每隔5分钟摇动消化液,提高细胞数量;
(5)加入10ml基础培养基DMEM溶液;
(6)666g离心5分钟;
(7)细胞悬浮于5ml培养液中;所采用的培养液组成为:在商品化角质细胞无血清培养基(Defined Keratinocyte-SFM (1X), Liquid货号: 10744019 Gibco™)中添加人表皮生长因子58纳克/毫升,氢化可的松0.25微克/毫升,胰岛素4.5微克/毫升;
(8)以80μm细胞筛,过滤细胞悬液,获得角质细胞;
(9)细胞计数并判断活力;
(10)按照5000个细胞/平方厘米的接种密度,将角质细胞接种在步骤4制得的、羊膜脱细胞支架与间充质干细胞联合培养作为载体包被的培养皿中;加入步骤(7)的培养液培养;
(11)每周观察,2~3天更换培养液一次;
(12)培养到15天添加氯化钙1.5mmol/L;
(13)培养21天可以剥离,获得新型组织工程皮肤,出厂,检测,用于临床治疗。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (1)

1.一种新型组织工程皮肤制备方法,其特征在于:是以羊膜脱细胞支架和间充质干细胞联合培养作为载体,接种角质细胞,采用无血清培养系统培养20-22天,得到完整的组织工程皮肤膜片;
所述角质细胞取自自体皮肤或新生儿切除的包皮皮肤;
所述无血清培养系统采用的培养液是采用商品化角质细胞无血清培养基中添加人表皮生长因子52-58纳克/毫升,氢化可的松0.25-0.5微克/毫升,胰岛素1.2-4.5微克/毫升;
其实现步骤如下:
1)皮肤组织准备:
(1)迅速将割下的自体皮肤置于无菌PBS液中,在4℃运输至实验室;
(2)用剪刀尽可能除去皮下脂肪组织;
(3)室温下,将经步骤(2)处理的皮肤组织以碘伏消毒10分钟;
(4)采用无菌PBS将消毒后的皮肤组织清洗3次;
(5)将步骤(4)清洗后的皮肤组织置于无菌培养皿中,切成尺寸为5mm×5mm的小块;
(6)将步骤(5)的皮肤组织置于15ml离散酶中,4℃下保存过夜;
2)羊膜脱细胞支架制备:(1)消毒:将羊膜分离后,加入离心管,每15g羊膜加入20ml体积分数65-75%的酒精消毒2-3分钟;(2)脱细胞:将消毒后的羊膜剪碎、在-80℃冻存48小时后,置于52-60℃水浴0.5-1.5小时,反复5~10次,匀浆后得匀浆液;在匀浆液中加入胰酶,消化25-35分钟,胰酶加入量为每5ml匀浆液加入2ml 0.2~0.3%的胰酶;消化结束,加入基础培养基DMEM清洗,离心,取沉淀,在-198~-80℃冻干储存,得羊膜脱细胞支架,备用;
3)人脐带间充质干细胞制备:采用新型组织块培养法进行,先将华通氏胶分离,取新鲜脐带去除血管,剪碎,放入培养瓶中,加入脐带间充质干细胞培养液培养;培养第5天,第一次更换脐带间充质干细胞培养液;培养第10天,第二次更换脐带间充质干细胞培养液;培养15天后,根据细胞生长状态,进行传代培养,得脐带间充质干细胞;其中,所采用的脐带间充质干细胞培养液是在商品化的脐带间充质干细胞培养基中添加肝素钠2.2-4.8微克/毫升获得;
4)培养皿包被处理:将步骤2制得的羊膜脱细胞支架10克,步骤3制得的脐带间充质干细胞100000个混合平铺至培养皿中,在二氧化碳培养箱37℃培养48小时,得到羊膜脱细胞支架与间充质干细胞联合培养的载体,待用;
5)角质细胞的分离、培养:
(1)将步骤1中4℃下保存过夜的皮肤组织置于另一培养皿中,加入少量PBS防止干燥;
(2)用无菌镊子将表皮自真皮分离;
(3)37℃下,将表皮在5ml胰酶-EDTA溶液中消化15分钟;
(4)每隔5分钟摇动消化液,提高细胞数量;
(5)加入10ml基础培养基DMEM溶液;
(6)666g离心5分钟;
(7)细胞悬浮于5ml培养液中;所采用的培养液组成为:在商品化角质细胞无血清培养基中添加人表皮生长因子52-58纳克/毫升,氢化可的松0.25-0.5微克/毫升,胰岛素1.2-4.5微克/毫升;
(8)以80μm细胞筛,过滤细胞悬液,获得角质细胞;
(9)细胞计数并判断活力;
(10)按照5000个细胞/平方厘米的接种密度,将角质细胞接种在步骤4制得的、羊膜脱细胞支架与间充质干细胞联合培养作为载体包被的培养皿中;加入步骤(7)的培养液培养;
(11)每周观察,2 3天更换培养液一次;
(12)培养到15天添加氯化钙1.5mmol/L;
(13)培养21天可以剥离,获得新型组织工程皮肤,出厂,检测,用于临床治疗;
所述羊膜脱细胞支架为人脐带羊膜脱细胞支架;所述间充质干细胞为脐带间充质干细胞。
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