CN107253946B - 一种苯并咔唑类染料敏化剂的合成及应用 - Google Patents
一种苯并咔唑类染料敏化剂的合成及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种苯并咔唑类化合物及其制备与应用。所述苯并咔唑类化合物如式I、式II和式III所示;本发明所述的合成方法为:将式IVa~IVc化合物与式V与有机溶剂混合,在碱性物质的作用下,加热回流搅拌反应8~14h,反应完全后,旋干溶剂,残余物用洗脱剂溶剂进行硅胶柱层析,获得式I~III所示的含喹喔啉衍生物的咔唑类化合物。本发明所述的苯并咔唑类化合物可以作为染料敏化剂应用于染料敏化太阳能电池,为染料敏化剂的筛选增添了新的可应用物质。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种苯并咔唑类染料敏化剂的合成及应用。
(二)背景技术
染料敏化剂是DSSC中决定可见光吸收和光电转换效率的关键结构材料,具有结构易设计修饰和加工、成本低、稳定性好等特点。咔唑衍生物由于其独特的电子和光学性能并且有着显著的热稳定性已被广泛用于有机发光二极管、有机光伏电池和DSSCs中。咔唑由于具有许多修饰位点,经常在DSSC中用作供体和π桥。苯并咔唑作为分子内共轭的电子转移化合物,具有较强的给电子能力、平面性较好、能够促进染料分子更好地离域等特点,由于其在可见光区响应度高、太阳光照射下稳定性好而受到了广泛关注。2015年Zheng课题组报道了一类以基于2-乙基已基取代的苯并咔唑作为电子给体的D-π-A型染料敏化剂,取得了7.54%的光电转换效率。
本发明将苯并咔唑结构引入电子给体中,以苯并噻二唑联芳环作为桥键,氰乙酸作为受体,合成得到了三个苯并咔唑类染料敏化剂。目前,尚无文献报道该结构的太阳能电池应用。
(三)发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种苯并咔唑类化合物的制备及将其应用于染料敏化太阳能电池。
一种结构如式I、式II或式III所示的苯并咔唑类化合物:
本发明所述如式I、式II或式III所示的苯并咔唑类化合物可按照以下方法制备得到:
向式Iva、Ivb或IVc所示的化合物中加入式V所示的化合物,在有机溶剂中,在碱性物质的作用下,在60-80℃(优选为61-62℃)下加热回流搅拌反应8~14h(优选为10~12h),反应完全后,所得反应混合液经后处理分别得到式I、式II或式III所示的苯并咔唑类化合物;所述的式Iva、Ivb或IVc所示的化合物与式V所示的化合物、碱性物质的物质的量之比为:1:1.0~3.0:3.0~6.0;
进一步,所述碱性物质为哌啶、吡啶、三乙胺或者二甲胺中的一种或多种,优选哌啶。
进一步,所述有机溶剂为乙腈、氯仿、四氢呋喃或1,4-二氧六环中的一种或多种,优选氯仿。
再进一步,所述有机溶剂用量以式Iva、Ivb或IVc所示的化合物的物质的量计为40~100mL/mmol,优选70mL/mmol。
本发明所述反应混合液的后处理方法为:反应结束后,所得反应混合液蒸除溶剂后,残余物用洗脱剂溶剂进行硅胶柱层析,以氯仿或二氯甲烷中的一种与甲醇或乙醇中的一种及醋酸组成的混合溶液为洗脱剂,收集含目标化合物的洗脱液,浓缩干燥得式I、式II或式III所示的苯并咔唑类化合物。
进一步,优选所述的洗脱溶剂为体积比为200:4:1的二氯甲烷、甲醇和醋酸的混合溶剂。
再进一步,所述式Iva、Ivb或IVc所示的化合物的制备方法为本领域技术人员公知的制备方法,具体可按照以下步骤制备得到:
将式VII所示的化合物与式VIII、IX或Ⅹ所示的化合物及四三苯基膦钯溶于四氢呋喃(THF)中,加入碳酸钾的水溶液,在N2保护下,在65℃下加热回流10h,反应结束后,向所得反应混合物中加入二氯甲烷,用水洗涤,有机相干燥后柱层析(VCH2Cl2:VPE=2:1)分别得到式Iva、Ivb或IVc所示的化合物,所述的式VII所示的化合物与式VIII、IX或Ⅹ所示的化合物及四三苯基膦钯的物质的量之比为1:1.2:0.1,
进一步,所述的四氢呋喃的加入量以式VII所示的物质的量计为12~41mL/mmol。
进一步,所述的碳酸钾水溶液加入量以式VII所示的物质的量计为2mL/mmol。
再进一步,所述的碳酸钾水溶液的浓度为2mol/L。
本发明所述的苯并咔唑类化合物作为染料敏化剂在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用。
进一步,具体的应用如下:
将式I、式II或式III所示的苯并咔唑类化合物溶于CH3Cl与CH3OH的混合溶剂中,并加入双层TiO2纳米粒子膜光电极在室温下浸泡24h,分别得到负载式I、式II或式III所示的苯并咔唑类化合物的TiO2电极,将所述的负载式I、式II或式III所示的苯并咔唑类化合物的TiO2电极与铂对电极以及由含碘电解质组装成染料敏化太阳能电池;将所述的染料敏化太阳能电池于100mW/cm2光强照射下,测定光电压-电流特性曲线。其结果表明此类苯并咔唑类化合物的光电转换效率为4.35-5.20%。
与现有技术相比,本发明制备的苯并咔唑类化合物有益效果主要体现在:
本发明提供了一种新的苯并咔唑类化合物,该化合物作为染料敏化剂组装成的染料敏化太阳能电池具有较好的光电转换效率,为染料敏化剂的筛选增添了新的可应用物质。
(四)附图说明
图1为基于式I、II或式III所示的苯并咔唑类染料敏化剂的敏化太阳能电池的光电流-电压曲线。
(五)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
实施例1
化合物IVa的合成
化合物VII(0.5g,0.98mmol),4-甲酰基苯基硼酸VIII(0.18g,1.17mmol),Pd(PPh3)4(0.12g,0.098mmol),饱和K2CO3溶液(1.96mL,2mol/L),溶于THF(40mL),在氮气保护下,于65℃下加热回流10h,反应结束后,用CH2Cl2和水萃取三次,将有机层用NaSO4干燥,除去溶剂后,残余物通过柱色谱(VCH2Cl2:VPE=2:1)纯化,得到红色固体(0.35g,70%)。m.p.238~240℃;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ10.17(s,1H),8.67(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.36(s,1H),8.28(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),8.13(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),8.00(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.93(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.87-7.81(m,1H),7.79(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.67(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.63(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.54(t,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.45(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.33(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.89(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.19-2.13(m,2H),1.67-1.61(m,2H),1.09(t,J=7.4Hz,3H);HRESIMS m/z 512.1798[M+H]+,cacld C33H25N3OS for:511.1718
化合物I的合成
化合物IVa(0.24g,0.47mmol),氰基乙酸V(0.084g,0.985mmol),溶于CHCl3(20mL),加入0.16mL哌啶,在N2保护下,于60℃下加热回流12h后冷却至室温,然后真空除去溶剂,残余物通过柱色谱(VCH2Cl2:VCH3OH:VHAc=400:8:2)纯化,得到黄色固体(0.23g,87%)。m.p.270~272℃;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)δ8.75(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),8.47(d,J=11.7Hz,2H),8.36(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),8.29(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),8.25(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.22(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),8.00(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.74-7.69(m,2H),7.53(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.46(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.30(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),4.98(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),2.01-1.95(m,2H),1.53-1.44(m,2H),0.97(t,J=7.4Hz,3H);HRESIMS m/z 579.1853[M+H]+,cacldC36H26N4O2S for:578.1776
实施例2
化合物IVb的合成
化合物VII(0.6g,1.17mmol),5-甲酰基呋喃-2-硼酸IX(0.2g,1.4mmol),Pd(PPh3)4(0.135g,0.117mmol),饱和K2CO3溶液(2.34mL,2mol/L),溶于THF(30mL),在N2保护下,于65℃加热回流10h,反应结束后,用CH2Cl2和水萃取三次,将有机层用Na2SO4干燥,除去溶剂后,残余物通过柱色谱(VCH2Cl2:VPE=2:1)纯化,得到红色固体(0.30g,52%)。m.p.221.5~222.9℃;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.80(s,1H),8.66(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),8.50(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),8.35(s,1H),8.15(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),8.01(d,J=3.7Hz,1H),7.92(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.75(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.68-7.65(m,1H),7.63(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.55(dd,J=7.1,1.0Hz,1H),7.52(d,J=3.7Hz,1H),7.45-7.41(m,1H),7.33(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),4.89(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.18-2.12(m,2H),1.66-1.60(m,2H),1.09(t,J=7.4Hz,3H);HRESIMS m/z 502.1583[M+H]+,cacld C31H23N3O2S for:501.1511
化合物II的合成
化合物IVb(0.1g,0.2mmol),氰基乙酸V(0.016g,0.2mmol),溶于CHCl3乙腈(20mL),加入0.065mL吡啶,在N2保护下,于80℃加热回流14h后冷却至室温,然后真空除去溶剂,残余物通过柱色谱(VCH2Cl2:VCH3OH:VHAc=400:8:2)纯化,得到红色固体(0.07g,63%)。m.p.281~282℃;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)δ8.74(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),8.47(s,1H),8.44(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),8.27-8.23(m,2H),8.06(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),8.03(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.75(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),7.72(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),7.71(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),7.53(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.45(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.30(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),4.98(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),2.02-1.94(m,2H),1.53-1.44(m,2H),0.97(t,J=7.4Hz,3H);HRESIMS m/z569.1647[M+H]+,cacld C34H24N4O3S for:568.1569
实施例3
化合物IVc的合成
化合物VII(1.68g,3.3mmol),5-甲酰基噻吩-2-硼酸Ⅸ(0.62g,3.96mmol),Pd(PPh3)4(0.382g,0.33mmol),饱和K2CO3(6.6mL,2mol/L),溶于THF(40mL),在N2保护下,于65℃加热回流10h,反应结束后,用CH2Cl2和水萃取三次,将有机层用Na2SO4干燥,除去溶剂后,残余物通过柱色谱(VCH2Cl2:VPE=2:1)纯化,得到红色固体(0.69g,41%)。m.p.244~245℃;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ10.04(s,1H),8.66(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),8.34(s,1H),8.33(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),8.19(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),8.14(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.93(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.77(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.69-7.65(m,1H),7.63(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.56-7.52(m,1H),7.43(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.33(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),4.89(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.19-2.12(m,2H),1.67-1.59(m,2H),1.09(t,J=7.4Hz,3H);HRESIMS m/z 518.1348[M+H]+,cacld C31H23N3OS2for:517.1283
化合物III的合成
化合物IVc(0.15g,0.28mmol),氰基乙酸V(0.07g,0.84mmol),溶于THF(20mL),加入0.24mL三乙胺,N2保护65℃加热8h后冷却至室温,然后真空除去溶剂,残余物通过柱色谱(VCH2Cl2:VCH3OH:VHAc=400:8:2)纯化,得到紫色固体(0.13g,80%)。m.p.283~285℃;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)δ8.74(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),8.61(s,1H),8.50(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),8.46(s,1H),8.40(d,J=4.1Hz,1H),8.25(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.18(d,J=4.1Hz,1H),7.98(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.74-7.70(m,2H),7.53(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.45(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.30(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),4.98(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.02-1.95(m,2H),1.52-1.45(m,2H),0.97(t,J=7.3Hz,3H);HRESIMS m/z 585.1419[M+H]+,cacld C34H24N4O2S2for:584.1341
实施例4
式I、II或式III所示的苯并咔唑类化合物作为染料敏化剂在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用。
利用丝网印刷制备的双层TiO2纳米粒子膜作为光电极:首先在导电玻璃FTO上印一层12μm厚的20nm的TiO2粒子,在马弗炉内于450℃下煅烧30min;将煅烧产物浸入0.04mol·L-1的TiCl4水溶液在70℃预处理30min,然后将产物分别用水和乙醇冲洗,电吹风吹干后置于马弗炉中,在450℃下再次煅烧30min后,冷却至80℃后将煅烧产物分别浸入3×10-4mol·L-1式I、II或式III所示的苯并咔唑化合物的乙腈与二甲基亚砜的混合溶液,室温下24h敏化,分别得到三种双层TiO2纳米粒子膜。
对电极的制备:采用丝网印刷方法,将一定浓度的H2PtCl6溶液印刷在FTO导电玻璃上,然后在马弗炉内于400℃烧结20min,得到铂对电极。将1-甲基-3-丙基碘化咪唑I2、LiI、异硫氰酸胍、4-叔丁基吡啶及溶剂乙腈配置成0.07mM/L I-的含碘的电解质溶液并分别与所述的三种双层TiO2纳米粒子膜电极及铂对电极组装成三种染料敏化太阳能电池,对新材料进行光电性能测试。将所述的染料敏化太阳能电池于100mW/cm2光强照射下,测定得到如附图1所示的光电压-电流特性曲线。其结果如图1和表1所示:
表1苯并咔唑类染料敏化剂组装得到的DSSC性能参数
由表1可知:本发明所述的苯并咔唑类染料敏化剂组装得到的DSSC光电转换性能为4.35~5.20%,其中以呋喃为桥键的式所示的苯并咔唑为染料敏化剂时,染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换性能最高,为5.20%。
Claims (8)
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂为乙腈、氯仿、四氢呋喃或1,4-二氧六环中的一种或多种任意比例的混合物组成。
4.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂的体积用量以式Ivb所示的化合物的物质的量计为40~100mL/mmol。
5.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的反应混合液的后处理方法为:反应结束后,所得反应混合液蒸除溶剂后,对所得残余物进行硅胶柱层析分离,以氯仿或二氯甲烷中的一种与甲醇或乙醇中的一种及醋酸组成的混合溶液为洗脱剂,收集含目标化合物的洗脱液,浓缩干燥得式II所示的苯并咔唑类化合物。
6.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱性物质为哌啶。
7.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂为氯仿。
8.一种如权利要求1所述的苯并咔唑类化合物作为染料敏化剂在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用。
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