CN107247083B - Online monitoring, early warning and real-time processing system and method for farmland heavy metal pollution - Google Patents
Online monitoring, early warning and real-time processing system and method for farmland heavy metal pollution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an on-line monitoring, early warning and real-time processing system and method for farmland heavy metal pollution. The method combines the on-site on-line monitoring and early warning with the real-time treatment of heavy metal pollution, has the characteristics of quick and simple test, accurate result, low cost, low detection limit and high sensitivity, has no destructiveness to samples, greatly shortens the detection period, is suitable for on-site on-line detection of the content of heavy metal and real-time treatment of heavy metal pollution, reduces the professional skill requirements on operators, and realizes the technical aim of on-line monitoring and early warning and real-time treatment integration of heavy metal pollution in farmlands. Moreover, the system can be used for measuring the concentration of certain heavy metals in the area, measuring the total metal pollution degree in the area, and detecting the content of any heavy metals simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heavy metal pollution treatment, in particular to an on-line monitoring, early warning and real-time treatment system and method for farmland heavy metal pollution.
Background
In recent years, heavy metal pollution of soil is becoming serious, and heavy metal pollutants enter agricultural soil in various modes mainly due to factors such as excessive discharge of industrial production, random dumping of town sewage and household garbage, sewage irrigation in agricultural production, unreasonable use of pesticides and fertilizers and the like. The heavy metals are difficult to degrade and accumulate, the heavy metals which are enriched in the soil are difficult to leach along with water and difficult to degrade by microorganisms, can enter the crops along with the absorption of plant root systems, influence the growth and development of the crops, and can cause the yield reduction, the absolute yield and even the death of the crops after accumulating to a certain degree. More seriously, heavy metals enter the human body along with the food chain and are combined with proteins, active enzymes and the like of the human body, so that the heavy metals are distorted and lose physiological activity, and the human body has symptoms such as chronic or acute poisoning and the like, so that the health of the human body is seriously endangered, and the problem of heavy metal pollution of soil becomes an environmental problem to be solved urgently at present.
Currently, the detection methods of heavy metals mainly include mass spectrometry, atomic spectrometry, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, electrochemical analysis and the like. Mass spectrometry is a method in which moving ions are separated by mass-to-nuclear ratio using an electric field and a magnetic field, and then detected. The method has the defects that the manufacturing cost of the instrument is high, the pretreatment process is complex, and the automation of the instrument is difficult to realize. The atomic spectrometry can effectively analyze the heavy metal content in the sample, but the pretreatment of the sample is complex and the analysis time is long. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometry is a method for obtaining monochromatic light by using a monochromator such as a prism or a grating and measuring the light absorption capacity of a substance to be measured, and the method has the limitation of interference caused by overlapping spectral lines and complexity of operation. The electrochemical detection technology is a method which has quick development in recent years, the detection limit of an electrochemical analysis method is low, the test sensitivity is high, and the electrochemical detection technology is a green technology which basically has no pollution to the environment and is widely paid attention to researchers at home and abroad. However, the method is complex in instrument and complex in operation process, and is not suitable for on-site real-time rapid detection. These conventional detection methods are complicated to operate and expensive, and can only detect one or more element contents at a time.
The method for removing heavy metals in the farmland mainly comprises a leaching method, an electrothermal restoration method, a soil conditioner adding method, a pump-out treatment method, a biological restoration method and the like. The leaching method is to wash the pollutants to the outer layer of the root by using washing liquid or adding water of chemical substances capable of improving the water solubility of heavy metals. The leaching method has a good treatment effect on the heavy metal high pollution, is suitable for light soil, has large investment, and is easy to cause soil nutrient loss and groundwater pollution. The electrothermal repair method is to heat the soil to raise the temperature to separate out and collect the harmful pollutant, and is used in treating volatile harmful pollutant. The method for adding the soil conditioner has moderate treatment effect and cost, is applicable to the soil with less serious pollution, and can possibly reactivate heavy metals. The pump-out treatment method is suitable for deep soil or water-accumulating layer pollution, and is characterized by that the treating agent is injected into soil from injection well, so that the pollutant adsorbed and fixed on the soil particles can be resolved and transferred to lower portion of soil body together with treating liquid, then the treating liquid containing pollutant can be pumped up by pumping well at another end to make treatment, but the treatment process consumes a large quantity of water, and some treating agent itself can produce pollution. In addition, pump-out treatments have difficulty ensuring adequate contact between the contaminants and the treatment agent, and also in determining the degree of completion of the treatment. The bioremediation method utilizes biotechnology to treat polluted soil, reduces and purifies heavy metals in the soil or reduces the toxicity of the heavy metals through organisms, is easy to operate, has low biomass and selectivity to metals, and is not suitable for the soil with multiple metal compound pollution.
The existing heavy metal detection method and the existing treatment method are carried out separately, and have the problems of high cost, complex operation, complex process and the like, and the operation steps of the operation methods are tedious and tedious, or the interference factors are more, or expensive large-scale analysis instruments are needed to be used, and the operation methods have high professional skill requirements on operators, and can only be finished in laboratories in most cases, so that the technical requirements of on-site and rapid on-line detection cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an on-line monitoring, early warning and real-time processing system and method for farmland heavy metal pollution, which are used for solving the problems that the existing heavy metal monitoring and processing method is complex in operation, complex in process, low in detection limit, difficult to realize on-site on-line detection and the like.
According to one technical scheme of the invention, an on-line monitoring, early warning and real-time processing system for farmland heavy metal pollution is provided, the system comprises heavy metal on-line monitoring, early warning equipment, a heavy metal real-time processing device and a control processing unit, wherein the heavy metal on-line monitoring, early warning equipment and the heavy metal real-time processing device are respectively connected with the control processing unit;
the heavy metal on-line monitoring and early warning equipment is used for monitoring the heavy metal concentration of soil and sending out early warning signals according to the soil pollution severity;
the control processing unit is used for receiving and analyzing the early warning signals and sending out control instructions so as to perform work scheduling control on each unit module;
the heavy metal real-time processing device is used for receiving the control instruction and carrying out adsorption processing on heavy metal.
As a further improvement scheme of the technical scheme, the heavy metal on-line monitoring and early warning device comprises a sampling device, a preprocessing device, a sensing unit, a transmitter, an analog-to-digital converter and an early warning device which are sequentially connected.
The sampling device comprises a drill bit, an extension rod, a scraper and a soil storage chamber, wherein scales are marked on the extension rod and used for calibrating the soil depth of a sample.
The pretreatment device comprises a grinder and a soil sample bottle.
The sensing unit includes a heavy metal sensor made of a material of nitrogen-doped defective graphene.
The transmitter is used for converting the measured value of the heavy metal sensor into an electric signal.
As a further improvement scheme of the technical scheme, SPSS software is arranged in the analog-to-digital converter and used for gradually regressing the resistance value and the target heavy metal concentration value to obtain a relation between the target heavy metal concentration and the resistance parameter.
The analog-digital converter is used for collecting current/voltage signals output by the transmitter, converting the current/voltage signals into corresponding digital signals through analog-digital conversion, the built-in SPSS software can conduct stepwise regression on the resistance value and the target heavy metal concentration value to obtain a relation between the target heavy metal concentration and the resistance parameter, and extracting coefficients of the relation, namely specific numerical values of operation parameters in an operation formula of the target heavy metal concentration.
The early warning device is used for judging and processing heavy metal concentration monitoring data, and if the monitoring data exceeds a certain preset threshold value, the early warning device can send out an audible and visual alarm signal to alarm.
As a further improvement scheme of the technical scheme, the heavy metal real-time treatment device comprises a heavy metal absorber, wherein an adsorption material is arranged in the heavy metal absorber, and the adsorption material is nitrogen-doped defective graphene.
And after receiving the early warning signal, the control processing unit sends a control instruction to open a valve for communicating the pretreatment device and the heavy metal real-time processing device, so that the pretreated sample enters the heavy metal real-time processing device for heavy metal adsorption.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the system further includes a heavy metal pollution monitoring platform connected with the control processing unit, where the heavy metal pollution monitoring platform is used to draw a heavy metal pollution map of the area according to a control instruction of the control processing unit.
The heavy metal pollution monitoring platform comprises a sensor node, a GPRS module and a computer output terminal;
the sensor nodes are wireless sensor network nodes in the area; the control processing unit sends an instruction to deploy the wireless sensor network nodes in a certain deployment mode in the area;
the GPRS module is used for collecting the geographical position information of the sensor node and transmitting the geographical position information to the control processing unit;
and the computer output terminal is used for analyzing the control instruction sent by the control processing unit, drawing a heavy metal pollution graph of the area and providing reference for searching heavy metal pollution sources and preventing and treating heavy metal pollution.
According to another technical scheme of the invention, an on-line monitoring, early warning and real-time processing method for farmland heavy metal pollution is provided, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining a heavy metal element concentration value and a heavy metal comprehensive pollution factor of a to-be-measured point according to a heavy metal concentration calculation formula and a resistance value of the to-be-measured point;
s2, judging that when the comprehensive pollution factor of the heavy metal to be measured is larger than a preset value, the heavy metal on-line monitoring and early warning device sends out an early warning signal;
s3, the control processing unit receives the early warning signal and controls the heavy metal real-time processing device to perform heavy metal adsorption processing.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, in S1, the concentration value of the heavy metal element to be measured is obtained by the following steps:
s11, installing an on-line monitoring, early warning and real-time processing system for heavy metal pollution in a farmland in a detection area;
s12, sampling a reference point of a detection area through a sampling device of the system;
s13, a sampling sample enters a pretreatment device through a pipeline to be pretreated;
s14, the pretreated sample enters a sensing unit, and sensed signals are transmitted to a transmitter through a heavy metal sensor;
s15, the transmitter converts the measured value of the heavy metal sensor into an electric signal and transmits the electric signal to the analog-to-digital converter;
s16, acquiring a current/voltage signal output by a transmitter by an analog-to-digital converter, converting the current/voltage signal into a corresponding digital signal, carrying out stepwise regression on a resistance value and a target heavy metal element concentration value by SPSS software built in the analog-to-digital converter to obtain a relation between the target heavy metal element concentration and a resistance parameter, and extracting a coefficient of the relation to obtain a parameter value of a heavy metal concentration calculation formula;
s17, according to the resistance value observed at the to-be-measured point and a heavy metal concentration calculation formula, obtaining a heavy metal element concentration value at the to-be-measured point, wherein the heavy metal concentration calculation formula is as follows:
wherein c is the concentration of heavy metal element, R is the measured resistance value, b 0 、b 1 And b 2 Is a parameter; respectively marking the measured concentration of various heavy metal elements in the soilC is 1 ，c 2 ，c 3 ，......c n 。
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, in S1, the heavy metal comprehensive pollution factor to be measured is obtained by the following steps:
by passing throughCalculating to obtain pollution factors of various heavy metal elements, wherein p n Is the pollution factor of the nth heavy metal element, c n Is the concentration of the nth heavy metal element, s n Is the national standard limit of the nth heavy metal element contained in the soil;
according to the pollution factors of various heavy metal elements in the to-be-detected points, the method passes through the formula
Obtaining heavy metal comprehensive pollution factors in the sample, wherein I is a heavy metal comprehensive pollution factor, p imax Is a heavy metal element pollution factor p 1 ，p 2 ，p 3 ，.....p n Is the maximum value of (a).
As a further improvement scheme of the technical scheme, the control processing unit controls the heavy metal pollution monitoring platform, wireless sensor nodes are arranged in the detection area, geographical position information of the nodes is transmitted to the control processing unit through the GPRS module, and the control processing unit sends instructions to the computer output terminal to draw an area heavy metal pollution map.
Based on the technical scheme, the farmland heavy metal pollution online monitoring and early warning and real-time processing system and method provided by the invention combine the on-site online monitoring and early warning with the real-time processing of heavy metal pollution, and the system and method have the characteristics of quick and simple test, accurate result, low cost, low detection limit and high sensitivity, have no destructiveness to samples, greatly shorten the detection period, are suitable for on-site online detection of the heavy metal content and real-time processing of heavy metal pollution, reduce the professional skill requirements of operators, reduce the requirements of manpower and financial resources, and realize the technical objective of integrated on-line monitoring and early warning and real-time processing of heavy metal pollution in farmlands. Moreover, the system can be used for measuring the concentration of certain heavy metals in the area and measuring the total metal pollution degree in the area. The traditional detection method is complex to operate and high in cost, and can only detect the content of one or more elements at a time. The nitrogen-doped graphene electrochemical sensor used in the method has low detection limit and high test sensitivity, and can detect any heavy metal content at the same time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of farmland heavy metal pollution on-line monitoring, early warning and real-time processing according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an online monitoring and early warning device for heavy metals according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic molecular structure of a heavy metal sensor and adsorber material according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of an on-line monitoring, early warning and real-time processing method for heavy metal pollution in farmland according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without any inventive effort, are within the scope of the present invention based on the embodiments and any combination thereof.
The wireless sensor network is taken as a self-organizing network, gets rid of the restriction of infrastructure, and is very flexible in the aspects of system layout, maintenance and expansion, so that the wireless sensor has the advantage of being difficult to replace in environment monitoring and special pollution events. The nano material has large specific surface area and excellent electron transfer capability, and the functionalized nano material has unique and excellent performance. The electrochemical sensor constructed by combining electrochemistry with nano technology has simple and convenient operation and high detection speed in the aspect of detecting environmental pollutants. Electrochemical sensor detection of electrochemically active substances is a process of charge transport and chemical recognition from a solid or liquid sample to the electrode surface. The nitrogen doped graphene nanomaterial has excellent thermal, mechanical and electrical properties, such as high conductivity, perfect quantum tunneling effect and large specific surface area. Therefore, the electrochemical sensor prepared from the nitrogen-doped graphene has good performance in the aspect of heavy metal detection. In addition, adjacent atoms are absent around atoms on the surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene nano material, so that the surface of the material has unsaturated property due to the occurrence of a large number of residual dangling bonds, and the active chemical bonds are very easy to combine with external substances, so that the reactivity of the detected substances on the surface of the electrode is improved.
In one embodiment according to the present invention, referring to fig. 1, an online monitoring, early warning and real-time processing system for heavy metal pollution in farmland is provided, which comprises an online monitoring, early warning device for heavy metal, a real-time processing device for heavy metal and a control processing unit, wherein the online monitoring, early warning device for heavy metal and the real-time processing device for heavy metal are respectively connected with the control processing unit;
the heavy metal on-line monitoring and early warning equipment is used for monitoring the heavy metal concentration of soil and sending out an acousto-optic early warning signal according to the soil pollution severity; the control processing unit is used for receiving and analyzing the early warning signals and sending out control instructions so as to perform work scheduling control on each unit module; the heavy metal real-time processing device is used for receiving the control instruction and carrying out adsorption processing on heavy metal.
In one embodiment according to the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the heavy metal on-line monitoring and early warning device includes a sampling device, a preprocessing device, a sensing unit, a transmitter, an analog-to-digital converter and an early warning device, which are sequentially connected.
The sampling device comprises a drill bit, an extension rod, a scraper and a soil storage chamber, wherein scales are marked on the extension rod and used for calibrating the soil depth of a sample, the single sampling amount can be 0.1-1g, and the minimum interval of continuous sampling is 3min.
The pretreatment device comprises a grinder and soil sample bottles, and the number of the maximum soil sample bottles is preferably 5.
The sensing unit comprises a heavy metal sensor which is made of a nitrogen-doped defective graphene material, and the molecular structure of the heavy metal sensor is shown in fig. 3, wherein a atoms with darker colors represent nitrogen atoms, and b atoms with lighter colors represent carbon atoms.
The transmitter is used for converting the measured value of the heavy metal sensor into an electric signal, and can selectively output a current signal of 4-20mA or a voltage signal of 0-10V.
The analog-to-digital converter is internally provided with SPSS software, and the SPSS software is used for stepwise regressing the resistance value and the target heavy metal concentration value to obtain a relation between the target heavy metal concentration and the resistance parameter.
The analog-digital converter is used for collecting current/voltage signals output by the transmitter, converting the current/voltage signals into corresponding digital signals through analog-digital conversion, the built-in SPSS software can conduct stepwise regression on the resistance value and the target heavy metal concentration value to obtain a relation between the target heavy metal concentration and the resistance parameter, and extracting coefficients of the relation, namely specific numerical values of operation parameters in an operation formula of the target heavy metal concentration.
The early warning device is used for judging and processing heavy metal concentration monitoring data, and if the monitoring data exceeds a certain preset threshold value, the early warning device can send out an audible and visual alarm signal to alarm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the heavy metal real-time treatment device includes a heavy metal adsorber, wherein an adsorption material is disposed in the heavy metal adsorber, and the adsorption material is nitrogen doped defective graphene.
And after receiving the early warning signal, the control processing unit sends a control instruction to open a valve for communicating the pretreatment device and the heavy metal real-time processing device, so that the pretreated sample enters the heavy metal real-time processing device for heavy metal adsorption.
In one embodiment according to the present invention, the system further comprises a heavy metal pollution monitoring platform connected to the control processing unit, wherein the heavy metal pollution monitoring platform is used for drawing a heavy metal pollution map of the area according to the control instruction of the control processing unit.
In one embodiment according to the invention, the heavy metal pollution monitoring platform comprises a sensor node, a GPRS module and a computer output terminal;
the sensor nodes are wireless sensor network nodes in the area; the control processing unit sends an instruction to deploy the wireless sensor network nodes in a certain deployment mode in the area;
the GPRS module is used for collecting the geographical position information of the sensor node and transmitting the geographical position information to the control processing unit;
and the computer output terminal is used for analyzing the control instruction sent by the control processing unit, drawing a heavy metal pollution graph of the area and providing reference for searching heavy metal pollution sources and preventing and treating heavy metal pollution.
In one embodiment according to the present invention, referring to fig. 4, there is provided an on-line monitoring, early warning and real-time processing method for heavy metal pollution in farmland, the method comprising:
step (1): and installing an on-line monitoring early warning and real-time processing system for heavy metal pollution in the farmland in a detection area where the point to be detected is located.
Step (2): and sampling the reference point of the detection area by a sampling device of the system.
Step (3): the sampled sample enters the pretreatment device through a pipeline for pretreatment.
Step (4): the pretreated sample enters a sensing unit, and sensed signals are transmitted to a transmitter through a heavy metal sensor. Wherein the sensing unit comprises a heavy metal sensor made of nitrogen doped defective graphene.
Step (5): the measured value of the heavy metal sensor is converted into an electric signal through a transmitter and is transmitted to an analog-to-digital converter.
Step (6): the analog-digital converter collects current/voltage signals output by the transmitter, the current/voltage signals are converted into corresponding digital signals through analog-digital conversion, built-in SPSS software carries out stepwise regression on the resistance value and the concentration value of the target heavy metal element to obtain a relation between the concentration of the target heavy metal element and the resistance parameter, and the relation coefficient is extracted, namely the parameter value of the heavy metal concentration calculation formula.
Step (7): and obtaining the concentration value of the heavy metal element at the to-be-measured point according to the value of the resistance observed at the to-be-measured point and the heavy metal concentration calculation formula. The calculation formula of the heavy metal concentration is as follows:
wherein c is the concentration of heavy metal element, R is the measured resistance value, b 0 ，b 1 And b 2 Is a parameter. The measured concentrations of various heavy metal elements in the soil are respectively marked as c 1 ，c 2 ，c 3 ，......c n 。
Step (8): calculating pollution factors of various heavy metals in the point to be detected according to the heavy metal concentration of the point to be detected obtained in the step (7), and respectively marking the pollution factors as p 1 ，p 2 ，p 3 ，p 4 ，.....p n The calculation formula can be expressed as:
wherein s is n Is the national standard limit of the nth heavy metal element contained in the soil.
Step (9): according to the pollution factors of various heavy metals in the to-be-detected points calculated in the step (8), the comprehensive pollution factors of the heavy metals in the sample can be obtained:
wherein I is a heavy metal comprehensive pollution factor, p imax Is heavy metal pollution factor p 1 ，p 2 ，p 3 ，.....p n Is the maximum value of (a).
Step (10): when the heavy metal comprehensive pollution factor I of the to-be-detected point is greater than a certain preset value m, preferably, m is selected as the judgment threshold of I in the embodiment.
Step (11): if I > m, the heavy metal pollution of the point to be detected is serious, and the analog-digital converter transmits a signal to the early warning device.
Step (12): the early warning device sends an acousto-optic early warning signal to the control processing unit, the control processing unit sends a command to start a valve used for communicating the pretreatment device and the heavy metal real-time processing device, so that the heavy metal real-time processing device can adsorb heavy metal on the pretreated soil, and heavy metal pollution of a to-be-detected point is reduced, wherein the heavy metal real-time processing device is made of nitrogen-doped defective graphene.
Step (13): the control processing unit sends a control instruction to the heavy metal pollution monitoring platform, wireless sensor network nodes are deployed in a specific deployment mode in the detection area, geographical position information of the nodes is transmitted to the control processing unit through the GPRS module, and the control processing unit sends an instruction to the computer output terminal to draw an area heavy metal pollution map.
The farmland heavy metal pollution on-line monitoring early warning and real-time processing system and method provided by the embodiment of the invention combine the on-site on-line monitoring early warning and the real-time processing heavy metal pollution process, and the system and method have the characteristics of quick and simple test, accurate result, low cost, low detection limit and high sensitivity, have no destructiveness to samples, greatly shorten the detection period, are suitable for on-site on-line detection of the heavy metal content and real-time processing of heavy metal pollution, reduce the professional skill requirements of operators, reduce the requirements of manpower and financial resources, and realize the technical aim of on-line monitoring early warning and real-time processing integration of heavy metal pollution in farmlands.
The method solves the problems that the existing heavy metal monitoring method and removal method are high in cost, complex in operation, complex in process, low in detection limit, incapable of tracing pollution sources and the like, reduces cost by adopting a method of combining online monitoring and early warning with real-time heavy metal pollution removal, simplifies operation, improves detection limit sensitivity by adopting nitrogen-doped graphene as an electrochemical sensor, monitors geographical position information of nodes by adopting a GPRS module, and provides reference for searching heavy metal pollution sources and preventing and treating heavy metal pollution.
Moreover, the system of the embodiment of the invention can measure the concentration of certain heavy metals in the area and also measure the pollution degree of the total metal in the area. The traditional detection method is complex to operate and high in cost, and can only detect the content of one or more elements at a time. The nitrogen-doped graphene electrochemical sensor used in the method has low detection limit and high test sensitivity, and can detect any heavy metal content at the same time.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The treatment method of the farmland heavy metal pollution on-line monitoring, early warning and real-time treatment system is characterized in that the system comprises heavy metal on-line monitoring, early warning equipment, a heavy metal real-time treatment device and a control treatment unit, wherein the heavy metal on-line monitoring, early warning equipment and the heavy metal real-time treatment device are respectively connected with the control treatment unit;
the heavy metal on-line monitoring and early warning equipment is used for monitoring the heavy metal concentration of soil and sending out early warning signals according to the soil pollution severity;
the control processing unit is used for receiving and analyzing the early warning signal and sending out a control instruction;
the heavy metal real-time processing device is used for receiving the control instruction and carrying out adsorption processing on heavy metal;
the processing method comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining a heavy metal element concentration value and a heavy metal comprehensive pollution factor of a to-be-measured point according to a heavy metal concentration calculation formula and a resistance value of the to-be-measured point;
s2, judging that when the comprehensive pollution factor of the heavy metal to be measured is larger than a preset value, the heavy metal on-line monitoring and early warning device sends out an early warning signal;
s3, the control processing unit receives the early warning signal and controls the heavy metal real-time processing device to perform heavy metal adsorption treatment;
the concentration value of the heavy metal element to be measured in the S1 is obtained through the following steps:
s11, installing an on-line monitoring, early warning and real-time processing system for heavy metal pollution in a farmland in a detection area;
s12, sampling a reference point of a detection area through a sampling device of the system;
s13, a sampling sample enters a pretreatment device through a pipeline to be pretreated;
s14, the pretreated sample enters a sensing unit, and sensed signals are transmitted to a transmitter through a heavy metal sensor;
s15, the transmitter converts the measured value of the heavy metal sensor into an electric signal and transmits the electric signal to the analog-to-digital converter;
s16, acquiring a current/voltage signal output by a transmitter by an analog-to-digital converter, converting the current/voltage signal into a corresponding digital signal, carrying out stepwise regression on a resistance value and a target heavy metal element concentration value by SPSS software built in the analog-to-digital converter to obtain a relation between the target heavy metal element concentration and a resistance parameter, and extracting a coefficient of the relation to obtain a parameter value of a heavy metal concentration calculation formula;
s17, according to the resistance value observed at the to-be-measured point and a heavy metal concentration calculation formula, obtaining a heavy metal element concentration value at the to-be-measured point, wherein the heavy metal concentration calculation formula is as follows:
wherein c is the concentration of heavy metal element, R is the measured resistance value, b 0 、b 1 And b 2 Is a parameter.
2. The method for processing the farmland heavy metal pollution on-line monitoring, early warning and real-time processing system according to claim 1, wherein the heavy metal on-line monitoring, early warning equipment comprises a sampling device, a preprocessing device, a sensing unit, a transmitter, an analog-to-digital converter and an early warning device which are sequentially connected;
the sampling device comprises a drill bit, an extension rod, a scraper and a soil storage chamber, wherein scales are marked on the extension rod and used for calibrating the soil depth of a sample;
the pretreatment device comprises a grinder and a soil sample bottle;
the sensing unit comprises a heavy metal sensor which is made of a material of nitrogen-doped defective graphene;
the transmitter is used for converting the measured value of the heavy metal sensor into an electric signal;
the analog-to-digital converter is used for converting the current/voltage signal output by the transmitter into a corresponding digital signal through analog-to-digital conversion.
3. The method for processing the farmland heavy metal pollution on-line monitoring, early warning and real-time processing system according to claim 2, wherein the analog-to-digital converter is used for stepwise regressing the resistance value and the target heavy metal concentration value to obtain a relation between the target heavy metal concentration and the resistance parameter.
4. The method for processing the farmland heavy metal pollution on-line monitoring, early warning and real-time processing system according to claim 1, wherein the heavy metal real-time processing device comprises a heavy metal adsorber, an adsorption material is arranged in the heavy metal adsorber, and the adsorption material is nitrogen-doped defective graphene.
5. The method for processing the farmland heavy metal pollution on-line monitoring, early warning and real-time processing system according to claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a heavy metal pollution monitoring platform connected with the control processing unit, and the heavy metal pollution monitoring platform is used for drawing an area heavy metal pollution map according to a control instruction of the control processing unit.
6. The method for processing the farmland heavy metal pollution on-line monitoring, early warning and real-time processing system according to claim 5, wherein the heavy metal pollution monitoring platform comprises a sensor node, a GPRS module and a computer output terminal;
the sensor nodes are wireless sensor network nodes in the area;
the GPRS module is used for collecting the geographical position information of the sensor node and transmitting the geographical position information to the control processing unit;
and the computer output terminal is used for analyzing the control instruction sent by the control processing unit and drawing a heavy metal pollution map of the area.
7. The method for processing the farmland heavy metal pollution on-line monitoring, early warning and real-time processing system according to claim 1, wherein the heavy metal comprehensive pollution factor to be measured in the S1 is obtained by the following steps:
by passing throughCalculating to obtain pollution factors of various heavy metal elements, wherein p n Is the pollution factor of the nth heavy metal element, c n Is the concentration of the nth heavy metal element, s n Is the national standard limit of the nth heavy metal element contained in the soil;
according to the pollution factors of various heavy metal elements in the to-be-detected points, the method passes through the formula
Obtaining heavy metal comprehensive pollution factors in the sample, wherein I is a heavy metal comprehensive pollution factor, p imax Is a heavy metal element pollution factor p 1 ，p 2 ，p 3 ，.....p n Is the maximum value of (a).
8. The method for processing the farmland heavy metal pollution on-line monitoring, early warning and real-time processing system according to claim 7, wherein the control processing unit controls the heavy metal pollution monitoring platform, wireless sensor nodes are arranged in the detection area, geographical position information of the nodes is transmitted to the control processing unit through the GPRS module, and the control processing unit sends an instruction to the computer output terminal to draw an area heavy metal pollution map.
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| CN108647826B (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2021-03-30 | 广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所 | Construction method and device of soil heavy metal environmental risk prediction model |
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| CN108896737B (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2020-03-24 | 广东高质资源环境研究院有限公司 | Farmland heavy metal pollution on-line monitoring early warning and real-time processing system |
| CN108746193A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-11-06 | 梧州市兴能农业科技有限公司 | Heavy metals in farmland pollutes on-line early warning system |
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