CN107245648B - High-temperature wearable fire grate segment and its casting mold and pouring technology - Google Patents

High-temperature wearable fire grate segment and its casting mold and pouring technology Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107245648B
CN107245648B CN201710406619.6A CN201710406619A CN107245648B CN 107245648 B CN107245648 B CN 107245648B CN 201710406619 A CN201710406619 A CN 201710406619A CN 107245648 B CN107245648 B CN 107245648B
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fire grate
grate segment
alloy material
ferrous alloy
temperature
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CN107245648A (en
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朱青
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Guorun Environmental Engineering (Changzhou) Co., Ltd
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Jiangyin Guorun Machinery Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B22C9/088Feeder heads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/22Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segments, are made of ferrous alloy material, and the ferrous alloy material includes the substance of following weight percent: C:0.29-0.35%; Si:1.2-1.4%, Mn:1.6-2%, Cr:24-26%; Ni:4-7%, Mo :≤0.4%, P :≤0.03%; S :≤0.02%; surplus is Fe, has the advantages that high temperature abrasion resistance is high using the fire grate segment of the material, stable in grate furnace can be worked long hours; it avoids damage from shutting down, causes economic loss;The invention also discloses the casting mold of above-mentioned fire grate segment and pouring technologies.

Description

High-temperature wearable fire grate segment and its casting mold and pouring technology
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fire grate segment, in particular to a kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment and its casting mold and pourer Skill.
Background technique
Currently, treatment of urban garbage has become the serious problem that each city in China faces, the domestic waste in China Have the characteristics that moisture is high, calorific value is low, according to China's rubbish status, mechanical reciprocating grate incinerator is to be most suitable for China city at present The equipment of city's consumer waste incineration processing;In mechanical reciprocating grate incinerator, fire grate is as push rubbish and is allowed to sufficiently fire The component of burning, needs constantly to stir and contacts in use, between fire grate and rubbish, produces at high operating temperatures with stone etc. Raw friction, collision, it is therefore desirable to provide a kind of stainless steel material of high-temperature wearable damage to make fire grate, guarantee it in the condition of high temperature Under wear-resisting property, improve the service life of fire grate.
Currently, the Chinese patent of Publication No. CN102672166A discloses a kind of new type high temperature abrasion-proof iron matrix alloy powder The iron(-)base powder, is calculated in percentage by weight, which includes C 1.8%-2.2%, Ni 11%-15%, Co 11%-15%, Mo 3.5%-5.5%, Cr 26%-31%, Si 1%-2%, B 0.5%-1%, Re 0.2%- 0.5%, surplus Fe are better than or are similar to cobalt-based or nickel-base alloy powder with wearability, corrosion resistance, inoxidizability etc. Last performance, while 1/3 or more alloy powder manufacturing cost is reduced, it is created significantly while enhancing one's market competitiveness for client Economic benefit.
But in use, the use environment of fire grate is about 900 DEG C in incinerator, Dispensable continuous work in the case of a high temperature It needs to reach 2-3 months, when in use, wearability is insufficient under continuous high-pressure for substance made of above-mentioned iron(-)base powder, is easy It is damaged.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fire grate segment, has the advantages that high temperature abrasion resistance is high.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention has the technical scheme that a kind of high-temperature wearable stainless steel, Wherein: the substance including following weight percent: C:0.28-0.37%, Si:1-1.5%, Mn:1.5-2%, Cr:24-26%, Ni: 4-7%, Mo :≤0.5%, P :≤0.04%, S :≤0.03%, surplus Fe.
Chromium can make heat-resisting alloy in an oxidizing atmosphere, and surface forms the Cr of continuous densification2O3Oxidation film can prevent Oxygen and other oxidizing gas enter material internal, reduce the oxidation of material internal, the antioxygenic property of material are improved, in fire grate In furnace, temperature is higher, and metal surface is easy to happen oxidation corrosion, too low since the addition of carbon will form the carbide of chromium Chromium content will lead to that matrix is chromium depleted, this is unfavorable to the antioxygenic property of alloy, but when chromium content is higher than 30%, can in the base σ phase (B.C.T., formation temperature is at 650 ~ 1000 DEG C, Fe Cr) are formed, generally in ferrite matrix or ferrite-Ovshinsky Forming core is grown up in body, ferrite-ferrite phase boundary, and alloy is caused to become fragile, therefore Cr is arranged 25% or so, guarantees inoxidizability In the case where, the intensity of ferrous alloy will not be damaged.
Carbon is the essential element for influencing alloy property.With the increase of phosphorus content, intensity, the hardness of alloy are high, austenite Stability enhancing, but toughness can be declined.Carbon amounts increase can also cause carbide quantity to increase, and can improve material to a certain extent The abrasion resistance of material.The structure for the Carbide Phases being precipitated in high-chromium alloy with chrome content raising, by M3C-M7C3-M23C6 Direction develop, chromium content is 25% ~ 28%, when carbon content is higher than 0.3%, just will form M in matrix23C6With M7C3, to the toughness and enhanced strength of ferrous alloy.
Nickel is to expand austenitic area element, material at high temperature intensity can be improved, nickel and chromium, which are used cooperatively, can then greatly improve it Oxidisability, nickel has higher corrosion resistance to soda acid, there is antirust and temperature capacity at high temperature.
Manganese is also austenizer, and the effect of nickel, while solution strengthening matrix can be partially replaced in steel.But manganese amount mistake Height can reduce the elevated temperature strength and antioxygenic property of heat-resisting alloy, and especially when being higher than 950 DEG C, manganese content is excessively high to high temperature Antioxygenic property is extremely disadvantageous, and the use of fire grate segment is usually less than 950 DEG C, Mn is added in right amount in formula in this application, with Ni Collective effect enhances the high temperature oxidation resistent susceptibility of fire grate segment.
Molybdenum can make the crystal grain refinement of steel, improve harden ability and thermostrength, increase steel passivation ability, while can be consumingly Solution strengthening matrix, improves the thermal stability of heat-resisting alloy, and molybdenum can also improve the elevated temperature strength of material and in Cl ion Corrosion resistance, but its oxide formed is readily volatilized at high temperature, therefore molybdenum content is excessively high then unfavorable to antioxygenic property, The molybdenum that 0.5% is selected in the application, in the case where capable of improving fire grate segment intensity, avoids damage to the stabilization of ferrous alloy at high temperature Property, guarantee that fire grate segment has enough service life.
Silicon is the beneficial element in heat-resisting alloy to resistance to high temperature oxidation, and siliceous chromium system heat-resisting alloy is anti-with oxygen at high temperature It answers, forms fine and close mixed oxidization film, the intensity on fire grate segment surface is enhanced, prevent the oxygen in fire grate segment and grate furnace There is catalytic oxidation preferable inoxidizability can reduce rigid plasticity and toughness when silicone content is higher than 3%.
The present invention is further arranged to: further including the Sc that weight percent is 0.01-0.025%.
It is 1541 DEG C, scandium is added in ferrous alloy, scandium oxide protective film can be formed on ferrous alloy surface, to iron-based conjunction The inoxidizability of gold can be carried out enhancing, and the intensity and hardness for the ferrous alloy that can increase in ferrous alloy is added in scandium, It can guarantee that good wearability, elevated temperature strength are high using 800 DEG C of temperature or so in grate furnace.
The present invention is further arranged to: the ferrous alloy material includes the substance of following weight percent: C:0.325%, Si:1.3%, Mn:1.65%, Cr:25%, Ni:5%, Mo:0.3%, P:0.04%, S:0.01%, Sc:0.015%.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, there is optimal high temperature abrasion resistance using the ferrous alloy material of the proportion and resist Oxidation susceptibility.
The present invention is further arranged to: the fire grate segment includes the reinforcement stay below fire grate segment.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, reinforce the setting of stay, reinforcement is supported to the upper surface of fire grate segment, is avoided Upper surface bends during constantly contacting rubbish, guarantees the stabilization of fire-grating chip architecture.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of casting mold of above-mentioned fire grate segment that there is casting to avoid completely There is the advantages of stomata.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention is achieved by the following technical solution: a kind of casting of the fire grate segment Mold, including swage, the swage are divided into upper die and lower die, and the upper mold offers several peaces of precoated sand that face reinforces stay Notch is filled, exothermic riser is placed at the installation gap, is added with oxidant in the exothermic riser.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, reinforce that there is bending structure at stay, molten steel is not easy to be covered with the die cavity at this, Oxidant is added in exothermic riser, in casting process, the high temperature of molten steel makes exothermic riser burn, the oxidation in exothermic riser Agent, which is reduced, generates a large amount of heat, so that the temperature of the molten steel in exothermic riser increases, guarantees prolonged molten condition, keeps away Exempt from internal generation stomata, improves fire grate plate structural strength.
The present invention is further arranged to: the oxidant is potassium bichromate.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, when in use, burning generates a large amount of heat to potassium bichromate, has to molten steel good Heat effect, thus guarantee heating stay at fire-grating chip architecture it is closely knit, avoid generate stomata.
Third goal of the invention of the invention is to provide a kind of pouring technology of fire grate segment, with easy making process, finished product The high advantage of quality.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention is achieved by the following technical solution: a kind of pourer of above-mentioned fire grate segment Skill includes the following steps:
SP1, by above-mentioned mold clamping, install case card, sprue cup and exothermic riser;
SP2, the molten steel control completed will be smelted at 1400-1500 degrees Celsius by being injected into sprue cup injection mold The height of molten steel reaches and stops at 2/3rds of riser height in riser;
SP3, sprue cup is destroyed when iron liquid is dark red in sprue cup, mold is laid down case card, by disclosing case by cooling 30min Machine carries out disclosing case, knockout, and blank is put cooling.
The present invention is further arranged to: the control of pouring molten steel temperature is 1450 degrees Celsius in SP2.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, in above-mentioned temperature casting cooling procedure, alloy forms austenitic structure, intensity Height, wearability are good.
In conclusion the invention has the following advantages:
1, using Si, the oxide that Ni, Cr are formed is distributed in the surface of fire grate segment, is interspersed, on the surface of fire grate segment Density is higher, ensure that the wear-resisting property of fire grate segment;
2, scandium is added in alloy, can be carried out enhancing to the inoxidizability of alloy, and scandium is added in alloy and can increase The intensity and hardness of big alloy.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one:
A kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment, is made of ferrous alloy material, and ferrous alloy material includes following weight percent The substance of ratio: C:0.29%, Si:1.21%, Mn:2%, Cr:26%, Ni:4.2%, Mo:0.37%, P :≤0.005%, S :≤ The lower section of 0.005%, Sc:0.025%, surplus Fe, fire grate segment have several reinforcement stays.
Embodiment two:
A kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment, is made of ferrous alloy material, and ferrous alloy material includes following weight percent The substance of ratio: C:0.34%, Si:1.2%, Mn:1.96%, Cr:25.2%, Ni:7%, Mo:0.01%, P:0.03%, S:0.018%, The lower section of Sc:0.012%, surplus Fe, fire grate segment have several reinforcement stays.
Embodiment three:
A kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment, is made of ferrous alloy material, and ferrous alloy material includes following weight percent The substance of ratio: C:0.31%, Si:1.32%, Mn:1.83%, Cr:24.6%, Ni:4.4%, Mo:0.4%, P:0.018%, S: The lower section of 0.015%, Sc:0.01%, surplus Fe, fire grate segment have several reinforcement stays.
Example IV:
A kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment, is made of ferrous alloy material, and ferrous alloy material includes following weight percent The substance of ratio: C:0.35%, Si:1.28%, Mn:1.6%, Cr:24%, Ni:5.3%, Mo:0.01%, P:0.0015%, S:0.02%, The lower section of Sc:0.014%, surplus Fe, fire grate segment have several reinforcement stays.
Embodiment five:
A kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment, is made of ferrous alloy material, and ferrous alloy material includes following weight percent The substance of ratio: C:0.33%, Si:1.4%, Mn:1.64%, Cr:25.8%, Ni:4%, Mo:0.25%, P:0.025%, S:0.016%, Sc:0.012%, surplus Fe, the lower section of fire grate segment have several reinforcement stays, and the lower section of fire grate segment has several reinforcement stays.
Embodiment six:
A kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment, is made of ferrous alloy material, and ferrous alloy material includes following weight percent The substance of ratio: C:0.325%, Si:1.3%, Mn:1.65%, Cr:25%, Ni:5%, Mo:0.3%, P:0.04%, S:0.01%, Sc: 0.015%, the lower section of fire grate segment has several reinforcement stays.
Comparative example one:
A kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment, is made of ferrous alloy material, and ferrous alloy material includes following weight percent The substance of ratio: C:0.325%, Si:1.3%, Mn:1.65%, Cr:25%, Ni:5%, Mo:0.3%, P:0.04%, S:0.01%, fire grate The lower section of piece has several reinforcement stays.
Comparative example two:
A kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment, is made of ferrous alloy material, and ferrous alloy material includes following weight percent The substance of ratio: C:0.325%, Si:1.3%, Cr:25%, Ni:5%, Mo:0.3%, P:0.04%, S:0.01%, Sc:0.015%, fire grate The lower section of piece has several reinforcement stays.
Comparative example three: a kind of fire grate segment is made of the middle silicon spheroidal graphite cast-iron of model RQTSi4.
Embodiment seven: a kind of casting die of six fire grate segment of embodiment, including swage, swage are divided into upper die and lower die, on Mould offers six installation gaps of precoated sand that face reinforces stay, the reinforcement stay position of installation gap face fire grate segment, institute It states and is placed with exothermic riser at installation gap, oxidant is added in the exothermic riser, exothermic riser is interior mixed with weight fraction For 0.5% heavy potassium caseinate.
Embodiment eight:
A kind of pouring technology of fire grate segment, includes the following steps:
SP1, it is molded after swage in embodiment seven is penetrated sand, installs case card, sprue cup and exothermic riser;
SP2, the molten steel control completed will be smelted at 1450 degrees Celsius by being injected into riser in sprue cup injection mold The height of molten steel reaches to be stopped at 2/3rds of riser height;
SP3, when iron liquid is dark red in sprue cup, destroy sprue cup, mold is laid down case card, by disclosing case by cooling 30min Machine carries out disclosing case, knockout, and blank is put cooling.
Performance detection:
It is detected, and recorded according to ferrous alloy material of the standard GB/T/T228-2002 to embodiment and comparative example Tensile strength and elongation at break;According to standard GB/T/T4338-2006 to the ferrous alloy material of embodiment and comparative example It is detected, and records tensile strength and elongation at break;According to standard GB/T 7233-87 in embodiment and comparative example Fire grate segment carries out ultrasonic examination inspection, and wherein embodiment one to three, comparative example three are poured using common pouring technology Molding, example IV to six, comparative example one and comparative example two are using the pouring technology in the mold and embodiment eight of embodiment seven It is manufactured, record evaluation credit rating;According to standard GB/T/T13303-1991 to iron-based in embodiment and comparative example Alloy material carries out antioxygenic property measurement, and 950 DEG C × 40h of experimental condition records gain in weight.Experimental result is shown in the following table 1.
1 alloy material performance test results of table
Tensile strength (room temperature)/MPa Elongation at break (room temperature) Tensile strength (800 DEG C)/MPa Elongation at break (800 DEG C) Credit rating (non-planar defect) Gain in weight (g/m2)
Embodiment one 658 1.25 533 1.57 3 19.12
Embodiment two 630 1.28 557 1.55 3 18.98
Embodiment three 612 1.27 543 1.49 3 18.41
Example IV 608 1.24 521 1.61 2 18.34
Embodiment five 653 1.29 547 1.58 2 17.83
Embodiment six 682 1.31 566 1.64 2 16.54
Comparative example one 580 1.20 483 1.48 3 24.57
Comparative example two 535 1.13 462 1.38 3 26.64
Comparative example three 571 1.18 452 1.35 4 27.8
As can be seen from the above table, the alloy material mechanical property with higher in embodiment, and under the high temperature conditions It is able to maintain higher mechanical property, during the reciprocating motion of fire grate segment, avoids damaging;Simultaneously according to ultrasonic inspection inspection Result from the point of view of, under casting mold of the invention and pouring technology cooperation, the fire grate segment of generation has better performance, and inside lacks It falls into less, ensure that the service life of fire grate segment;And from the point of view of the result for aoxidizing test, alloy material in example IV to six Average oxidation speed is less than 0.1gm-2·h-1, for complete anti-oxidant rank, can effectively avoid aoxidizing in grate furnace, Although and the composition approximation of embodiment one to three, the internal defect that formed of processing are more, reduce certain antioxygenic property;Root From the point of view of data according to comparative example two, the addition of Mn enhances the mechanical property and antioxygenic property of alloy material.
This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention, is not limitation of the present invention, those skilled in the art Member can according to need the modification that not creative contribution is made to the present embodiment after reading this specification, but as long as at this All by the protection of Patent Law in the scope of the claims of invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment, it is characterised in that: be made of ferrous alloy material, the ferrous alloy material includes The substance of following weight percent: C:0.29-0.35%, Si:1.2-1.4%, Mn:1.6-2%, Cr:24-26%, Ni:4-7%, Mo: ≤ 0.4%, P :≤0.03%, S :≤0.02%, it further include the Sc, surplus Fe that weight percent is 0.01-0.025%.
2. a kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the ferrous alloy material includes such as The substance of lower weight percent: C:0.325%, Si:1.3%, Mn:1.65%, Cr:25%, Ni:5%, Mo:0.3%, P:0.04%, S: 0.01%, Sc:0.015%.
3. high-temperature wearable fire grate segment according to any one of claims 1 to 2, it is characterised in that: the fire grate segment includes being located at Reinforcement stay below fire grate segment.
4. a kind of casting die of fire grate segment as claimed in claim 3, including swage, it is characterised in that: the swage is divided into Mould and lower die, the upper mold offer several installation gaps of precoated sand that face reinforces stay, are placed at the installation gap Exothermic riser, the exothermic riser is interior to be added with oxidant.
5. a kind of casting mold according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the oxidant is potassium bichromate.
6. a kind of pouring technology of fire grate segment described in claim 3, includes the following steps:
SP1, above-mentioned casting mold is molded, installs case card, sprue cup and exothermic riser;
SP2, the molten steel control completed will be smelted at 1400-1500 degrees Celsius by being injected into riser in sprue cup injection mold The height of interior molten steel reaches to be stopped at 2/3rds of riser height;
SP3, destroy sprue cup when iron liquid is dark red in sprue cup, mold is laid down case card by cooling 30min, by punch-out equipment into Row discloses case, knockout, and blank is put cooling.
7. a kind of fire grate segment pouring technology according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: pouring molten steel temperature controls in SP2 It is 1450 degrees Celsius.
CN201710406619.6A 2017-06-02 2017-06-02 High-temperature wearable fire grate segment and its casting mold and pouring technology Active CN107245648B (en)

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CN110814297A (en) * 2019-11-25 2020-02-21 南通市腾飞金属铸造有限公司 Fire grate demoulding and firing method
CN117165863B (en) * 2023-11-03 2024-01-30 江苏星源电站冶金设备制造有限公司 Wear-resistant fire grate segment and preparation method thereof

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CN100453686C (en) * 2006-09-01 2009-01-21 西安交通大学 Casting high boron abrasion-proof stainless steel containing high hardness boride and preparation method thereof
CN101476087B (en) * 2009-02-18 2010-10-27 河南宏宇特铸股份有限公司 Fluidized bed furnace central drum alloy production method thereof
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