High-temperature wearable fire grate segment and its casting mold and pouring technology
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fire grate segment, in particular to a kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment and its casting mold and pourer
Skill.
Background technique
Currently, treatment of urban garbage has become the serious problem that each city in China faces, the domestic waste in China
Have the characteristics that moisture is high, calorific value is low, according to China's rubbish status, mechanical reciprocating grate incinerator is to be most suitable for China city at present
The equipment of city's consumer waste incineration processing;In mechanical reciprocating grate incinerator, fire grate is as push rubbish and is allowed to sufficiently fire
The component of burning, needs constantly to stir and contacts in use, between fire grate and rubbish, produces at high operating temperatures with stone etc.
Raw friction, collision, it is therefore desirable to provide a kind of stainless steel material of high-temperature wearable damage to make fire grate, guarantee it in the condition of high temperature
Under wear-resisting property, improve the service life of fire grate.
Currently, the Chinese patent of Publication No. CN102672166A discloses a kind of new type high temperature abrasion-proof iron matrix alloy powder
The iron(-)base powder, is calculated in percentage by weight, which includes C 1.8%-2.2%, Ni 11%-15%,
Co 11%-15%, Mo 3.5%-5.5%, Cr 26%-31%, Si 1%-2%, B 0.5%-1%, Re 0.2%-
0.5%, surplus Fe are better than or are similar to cobalt-based or nickel-base alloy powder with wearability, corrosion resistance, inoxidizability etc.
Last performance, while 1/3 or more alloy powder manufacturing cost is reduced, it is created significantly while enhancing one's market competitiveness for client
Economic benefit.
But in use, the use environment of fire grate is about 900 DEG C in incinerator, Dispensable continuous work in the case of a high temperature
It needs to reach 2-3 months, when in use, wearability is insufficient under continuous high-pressure for substance made of above-mentioned iron(-)base powder, is easy
It is damaged.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fire grate segment, has the advantages that high temperature abrasion resistance is high.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention has the technical scheme that a kind of high-temperature wearable stainless steel,
Wherein: the substance including following weight percent: C:0.28-0.37%, Si:1-1.5%, Mn:1.5-2%, Cr:24-26%, Ni:
4-7%, Mo :≤0.5%, P :≤0.04%, S :≤0.03%, surplus Fe.
Chromium can make heat-resisting alloy in an oxidizing atmosphere, and surface forms the Cr of continuous densification2O3Oxidation film can prevent
Oxygen and other oxidizing gas enter material internal, reduce the oxidation of material internal, the antioxygenic property of material are improved, in fire grate
In furnace, temperature is higher, and metal surface is easy to happen oxidation corrosion, too low since the addition of carbon will form the carbide of chromium
Chromium content will lead to that matrix is chromium depleted, this is unfavorable to the antioxygenic property of alloy, but when chromium content is higher than 30%, can in the base
σ phase (B.C.T., formation temperature is at 650 ~ 1000 DEG C, Fe Cr) are formed, generally in ferrite matrix or ferrite-Ovshinsky
Forming core is grown up in body, ferrite-ferrite phase boundary, and alloy is caused to become fragile, therefore Cr is arranged 25% or so, guarantees inoxidizability
In the case where, the intensity of ferrous alloy will not be damaged.
Carbon is the essential element for influencing alloy property.With the increase of phosphorus content, intensity, the hardness of alloy are high, austenite
Stability enhancing, but toughness can be declined.Carbon amounts increase can also cause carbide quantity to increase, and can improve material to a certain extent
The abrasion resistance of material.The structure for the Carbide Phases being precipitated in high-chromium alloy with chrome content raising, by M3C-M7C3-M23C6
Direction develop, chromium content is 25% ~ 28%, when carbon content is higher than 0.3%, just will form M in matrix23C6With
M7C3, to the toughness and enhanced strength of ferrous alloy.
Nickel is to expand austenitic area element, material at high temperature intensity can be improved, nickel and chromium, which are used cooperatively, can then greatly improve it
Oxidisability, nickel has higher corrosion resistance to soda acid, there is antirust and temperature capacity at high temperature.
Manganese is also austenizer, and the effect of nickel, while solution strengthening matrix can be partially replaced in steel.But manganese amount mistake
Height can reduce the elevated temperature strength and antioxygenic property of heat-resisting alloy, and especially when being higher than 950 DEG C, manganese content is excessively high to high temperature
Antioxygenic property is extremely disadvantageous, and the use of fire grate segment is usually less than 950 DEG C, Mn is added in right amount in formula in this application, with Ni
Collective effect enhances the high temperature oxidation resistent susceptibility of fire grate segment.
Molybdenum can make the crystal grain refinement of steel, improve harden ability and thermostrength, increase steel passivation ability, while can be consumingly
Solution strengthening matrix, improves the thermal stability of heat-resisting alloy, and molybdenum can also improve the elevated temperature strength of material and in Cl ion
Corrosion resistance, but its oxide formed is readily volatilized at high temperature, therefore molybdenum content is excessively high then unfavorable to antioxygenic property,
The molybdenum that 0.5% is selected in the application, in the case where capable of improving fire grate segment intensity, avoids damage to the stabilization of ferrous alloy at high temperature
Property, guarantee that fire grate segment has enough service life.
Silicon is the beneficial element in heat-resisting alloy to resistance to high temperature oxidation, and siliceous chromium system heat-resisting alloy is anti-with oxygen at high temperature
It answers, forms fine and close mixed oxidization film, the intensity on fire grate segment surface is enhanced, prevent the oxygen in fire grate segment and grate furnace
There is catalytic oxidation preferable inoxidizability can reduce rigid plasticity and toughness when silicone content is higher than 3%.
The present invention is further arranged to: further including the Sc that weight percent is 0.01-0.025%.
It is 1541 DEG C, scandium is added in ferrous alloy, scandium oxide protective film can be formed on ferrous alloy surface, to iron-based conjunction
The inoxidizability of gold can be carried out enhancing, and the intensity and hardness for the ferrous alloy that can increase in ferrous alloy is added in scandium,
It can guarantee that good wearability, elevated temperature strength are high using 800 DEG C of temperature or so in grate furnace.
The present invention is further arranged to: the ferrous alloy material includes the substance of following weight percent: C:0.325%,
Si:1.3%, Mn:1.65%, Cr:25%, Ni:5%, Mo:0.3%, P:0.04%, S:0.01%, Sc:0.015%.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, there is optimal high temperature abrasion resistance using the ferrous alloy material of the proportion and resist
Oxidation susceptibility.
The present invention is further arranged to: the fire grate segment includes the reinforcement stay below fire grate segment.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, reinforce the setting of stay, reinforcement is supported to the upper surface of fire grate segment, is avoided
Upper surface bends during constantly contacting rubbish, guarantees the stabilization of fire-grating chip architecture.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of casting mold of above-mentioned fire grate segment that there is casting to avoid completely
There is the advantages of stomata.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention is achieved by the following technical solution: a kind of casting of the fire grate segment
Mold, including swage, the swage are divided into upper die and lower die, and the upper mold offers several peaces of precoated sand that face reinforces stay
Notch is filled, exothermic riser is placed at the installation gap, is added with oxidant in the exothermic riser.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, reinforce that there is bending structure at stay, molten steel is not easy to be covered with the die cavity at this,
Oxidant is added in exothermic riser, in casting process, the high temperature of molten steel makes exothermic riser burn, the oxidation in exothermic riser
Agent, which is reduced, generates a large amount of heat, so that the temperature of the molten steel in exothermic riser increases, guarantees prolonged molten condition, keeps away
Exempt from internal generation stomata, improves fire grate plate structural strength.
The present invention is further arranged to: the oxidant is potassium bichromate.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, when in use, burning generates a large amount of heat to potassium bichromate, has to molten steel good
Heat effect, thus guarantee heating stay at fire-grating chip architecture it is closely knit, avoid generate stomata.
Third goal of the invention of the invention is to provide a kind of pouring technology of fire grate segment, with easy making process, finished product
The high advantage of quality.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the invention is achieved by the following technical solution: a kind of pourer of above-mentioned fire grate segment
Skill includes the following steps:
SP1, by above-mentioned mold clamping, install case card, sprue cup and exothermic riser;
SP2, the molten steel control completed will be smelted at 1400-1500 degrees Celsius by being injected into sprue cup injection mold
The height of molten steel reaches and stops at 2/3rds of riser height in riser;
SP3, sprue cup is destroyed when iron liquid is dark red in sprue cup, mold is laid down case card, by disclosing case by cooling 30min
Machine carries out disclosing case, knockout, and blank is put cooling.
The present invention is further arranged to: the control of pouring molten steel temperature is 1450 degrees Celsius in SP2.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, in above-mentioned temperature casting cooling procedure, alloy forms austenitic structure, intensity
Height, wearability are good.
In conclusion the invention has the following advantages:
1, using Si, the oxide that Ni, Cr are formed is distributed in the surface of fire grate segment, is interspersed, on the surface of fire grate segment
Density is higher, ensure that the wear-resisting property of fire grate segment;
2, scandium is added in alloy, can be carried out enhancing to the inoxidizability of alloy, and scandium is added in alloy and can increase
The intensity and hardness of big alloy.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one:
A kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment, is made of ferrous alloy material, and ferrous alloy material includes following weight percent
The substance of ratio: C:0.29%, Si:1.21%, Mn:2%, Cr:26%, Ni:4.2%, Mo:0.37%, P :≤0.005%, S :≤
The lower section of 0.005%, Sc:0.025%, surplus Fe, fire grate segment have several reinforcement stays.
Embodiment two:
A kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment, is made of ferrous alloy material, and ferrous alloy material includes following weight percent
The substance of ratio: C:0.34%, Si:1.2%, Mn:1.96%, Cr:25.2%, Ni:7%, Mo:0.01%, P:0.03%, S:0.018%,
The lower section of Sc:0.012%, surplus Fe, fire grate segment have several reinforcement stays.
Embodiment three:
A kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment, is made of ferrous alloy material, and ferrous alloy material includes following weight percent
The substance of ratio: C:0.31%, Si:1.32%, Mn:1.83%, Cr:24.6%, Ni:4.4%, Mo:0.4%, P:0.018%, S:
The lower section of 0.015%, Sc:0.01%, surplus Fe, fire grate segment have several reinforcement stays.
Example IV:
A kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment, is made of ferrous alloy material, and ferrous alloy material includes following weight percent
The substance of ratio: C:0.35%, Si:1.28%, Mn:1.6%, Cr:24%, Ni:5.3%, Mo:0.01%, P:0.0015%, S:0.02%,
The lower section of Sc:0.014%, surplus Fe, fire grate segment have several reinforcement stays.
Embodiment five:
A kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment, is made of ferrous alloy material, and ferrous alloy material includes following weight percent
The substance of ratio: C:0.33%, Si:1.4%, Mn:1.64%, Cr:25.8%, Ni:4%, Mo:0.25%, P:0.025%, S:0.016%,
Sc:0.012%, surplus Fe, the lower section of fire grate segment have several reinforcement stays, and the lower section of fire grate segment has several reinforcement stays.
Embodiment six:
A kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment, is made of ferrous alloy material, and ferrous alloy material includes following weight percent
The substance of ratio: C:0.325%, Si:1.3%, Mn:1.65%, Cr:25%, Ni:5%, Mo:0.3%, P:0.04%, S:0.01%, Sc:
0.015%, the lower section of fire grate segment has several reinforcement stays.
Comparative example one:
A kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment, is made of ferrous alloy material, and ferrous alloy material includes following weight percent
The substance of ratio: C:0.325%, Si:1.3%, Mn:1.65%, Cr:25%, Ni:5%, Mo:0.3%, P:0.04%, S:0.01%, fire grate
The lower section of piece has several reinforcement stays.
Comparative example two:
A kind of high-temperature wearable fire grate segment, is made of ferrous alloy material, and ferrous alloy material includes following weight percent
The substance of ratio: C:0.325%, Si:1.3%, Cr:25%, Ni:5%, Mo:0.3%, P:0.04%, S:0.01%, Sc:0.015%, fire grate
The lower section of piece has several reinforcement stays.
Comparative example three: a kind of fire grate segment is made of the middle silicon spheroidal graphite cast-iron of model RQTSi4.
Embodiment seven: a kind of casting die of six fire grate segment of embodiment, including swage, swage are divided into upper die and lower die, on
Mould offers six installation gaps of precoated sand that face reinforces stay, the reinforcement stay position of installation gap face fire grate segment, institute
It states and is placed with exothermic riser at installation gap, oxidant is added in the exothermic riser, exothermic riser is interior mixed with weight fraction
For 0.5% heavy potassium caseinate.
Embodiment eight:
A kind of pouring technology of fire grate segment, includes the following steps:
SP1, it is molded after swage in embodiment seven is penetrated sand, installs case card, sprue cup and exothermic riser;
SP2, the molten steel control completed will be smelted at 1450 degrees Celsius by being injected into riser in sprue cup injection mold
The height of molten steel reaches to be stopped at 2/3rds of riser height;
SP3, when iron liquid is dark red in sprue cup, destroy sprue cup, mold is laid down case card, by disclosing case by cooling 30min
Machine carries out disclosing case, knockout, and blank is put cooling.
Performance detection:
It is detected, and recorded according to ferrous alloy material of the standard GB/T/T228-2002 to embodiment and comparative example
Tensile strength and elongation at break;According to standard GB/T/T4338-2006 to the ferrous alloy material of embodiment and comparative example
It is detected, and records tensile strength and elongation at break;According to standard GB/T 7233-87 in embodiment and comparative example
Fire grate segment carries out ultrasonic examination inspection, and wherein embodiment one to three, comparative example three are poured using common pouring technology
Molding, example IV to six, comparative example one and comparative example two are using the pouring technology in the mold and embodiment eight of embodiment seven
It is manufactured, record evaluation credit rating;According to standard GB/T/T13303-1991 to iron-based in embodiment and comparative example
Alloy material carries out antioxygenic property measurement, and 950 DEG C × 40h of experimental condition records gain in weight.Experimental result is shown in the following table 1.
1 alloy material performance test results of table
|
Tensile strength (room temperature)/MPa |
Elongation at break (room temperature) |
Tensile strength (800 DEG C)/MPa |
Elongation at break (800 DEG C) |
Credit rating (non-planar defect) |
Gain in weight (g/m2) |
Embodiment one |
658 |
1.25 |
533 |
1.57 |
3 |
19.12 |
Embodiment two |
630 |
1.28 |
557 |
1.55 |
3 |
18.98 |
Embodiment three |
612 |
1.27 |
543 |
1.49 |
3 |
18.41 |
Example IV |
608 |
1.24 |
521 |
1.61 |
2 |
18.34 |
Embodiment five |
653 |
1.29 |
547 |
1.58 |
2 |
17.83 |
Embodiment six |
682 |
1.31 |
566 |
1.64 |
2 |
16.54 |
Comparative example one |
580 |
1.20 |
483 |
1.48 |
3 |
24.57 |
Comparative example two |
535 |
1.13 |
462 |
1.38 |
3 |
26.64 |
Comparative example three |
571 |
1.18 |
452 |
1.35 |
4 |
27.8 |
As can be seen from the above table, the alloy material mechanical property with higher in embodiment, and under the high temperature conditions
It is able to maintain higher mechanical property, during the reciprocating motion of fire grate segment, avoids damaging;Simultaneously according to ultrasonic inspection inspection
Result from the point of view of, under casting mold of the invention and pouring technology cooperation, the fire grate segment of generation has better performance, and inside lacks
It falls into less, ensure that the service life of fire grate segment;And from the point of view of the result for aoxidizing test, alloy material in example IV to six
Average oxidation speed is less than 0.1gm-2·h-1, for complete anti-oxidant rank, can effectively avoid aoxidizing in grate furnace,
Although and the composition approximation of embodiment one to three, the internal defect that formed of processing are more, reduce certain antioxygenic property;Root
From the point of view of data according to comparative example two, the addition of Mn enhances the mechanical property and antioxygenic property of alloy material.
This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention, is not limitation of the present invention, those skilled in the art
Member can according to need the modification that not creative contribution is made to the present embodiment after reading this specification, but as long as at this
All by the protection of Patent Law in the scope of the claims of invention.