CN107245303A - 一种太阳能电池组件封装用新型硅胶膜及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种太阳能电池组件封装用新型硅胶膜及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种太阳能电池组件封装用新型硅胶膜及制备方法，该硅胶膜制备方法为，将15‑50份的硅树脂溶于30‑50份的硅油，5‑15份的固化剂，然后加入0.5‑1份的催化剂，1‑10份的增强剂，做成成膜胶液；使用涂胶设备将胶液涂覆与基材上，在120‑160℃，1‑5分钟加热固化成膜。本发明所制备的硅胶膜材料用于太阳能电池封装比传统EVA胶膜具有更强的紫外光透性和耐老化性能，同时耐高低温性能和粘接性能优良。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新型材料硅胶膜的制备领域，特别涉及一种太阳能电池组件封装用新型硅胶膜及制备方法。
背景技术
随着太阳能电池的迅猛增长，使得相关材料的和技术的研究与开发显得越来越重要。由于太阳能电池组件的工作环境主要在室外，且要求电池片不能直接暴漏于阳光、雨水等自然条件下，因此太阳能电池的封装尤为重要。目前太阳能的封装主要是采用光透率好，抗紫外、耐老化性能优异，粘接性好，具有弹性的胶层将太阳能电池片包封，和上层保护材料(前板)，下层保护材料(背板)粘合一起，共同构成太阳能电池板。
在太阳能封装材料的发展中，有机硅树脂、环氧树脂、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物等都被使用过，但因性能成本、施工方式等各种原因，均未被大范围使用。目前，太阳能电池一般采用EVA(乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物)作为封装材料，这种封装虽然可以满足太阳能电池封装的基本要求，但仍存在很多不足，其耐候性差、使用寿命短，容易变黄，影响透光率都是目前该材料无法避免的缺点。
有机硅胶粘剂是以-Si-O-Si-为主链的半无机高分子材料。具有很宽的使用温度(-50～ 250℃)、优良的耐老化性能、电绝缘性和疏水性，是一种优良的封装材料。有机硅胶粘剂由于难于涂胶均匀和使用工艺及价格昂贵的局限性，无法在太阳能电池封装中大量使用。
近年来，关于新型封装材料的研究越来越多，但硅胶膜封装材料的报道不多，专利CN 103087642.A提出了一种太阳能封装胶膜及其制备方法，但该专利太阳能封装胶膜并非反应性粘接方式，因此粘接性能一般，且该胶膜制作工艺复杂，实现较为困难。
发明内容
鉴于以上背景，本发明专利提出易于实现，粘接性能优良的一种太阳能电池组件封装用新型硅胶膜及制备方法，该发明产品主要用于太阳能电池组件封装。
本发明提出了一种用于太阳能电池封装的硅胶膜及制备方法，该硅胶膜与EVA胶膜相比，具有粘接力强，透光性好，更加优异的耐高低温性(-50～250℃),耐湿热、耐老化性能优良；与有机硅胶粘剂相比，硅胶膜有效解决了胶粘剂涂覆不均匀，使用工艺复杂的问题，该发明硅胶膜制作工艺简单，制得的硅胶膜厚度均匀，易于存储运输，使用简单方便。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种太阳能电池组件封装用新型硅胶膜，采用下述重量组份的原料制备而成，硅树脂15-50份，硅油30-50份，固化剂5-15份，催化剂1-5份，增强剂1-10份。
优选的是，所述的硅树脂为甲基MQ硅树脂、乙烯基MQ硅树脂、环氧改性有机硅树脂、苯甲基透明硅树脂、甲基透明有机硅树脂、聚甲基硅树脂、有机硅-环氧树脂、有机硅聚酯树脂中的一种或两种以上。
优选的是，所述的硅油为甲基硅油、乙基硅油、苯基硅油、甲基苯基硅油、甲基乙氧基硅油、甲基乙烯基硅油、甲基羟基硅油、乙基含氢硅油、羟基含氢硅油的一种或多种。
优选的是，所述的固化剂为含氢硅油，为甲基含氢硅油、乙基含氢硅油、羟基含氢硅油的一种或两种混合。
优选的是，所述的催化剂为钛酸酯、铂金类、钯类、錫类催化剂中的一种。
优选的是，所述的增强剂为二氧化硅、气相硅中的一种。
优选的是，所述的太阳能电池用硅胶膜厚度为0.25-0.8mm，耐温-50～250℃。.
本发明还提供制备上述新型硅胶膜的方法，其步骤为：
按质量分数将硅树脂15-50份和硅油15-50份混合，然后加入固化剂5-15份，搅拌至硅树脂完全溶解，将催化剂1-5份，增强剂1-10份加入，搅拌10-15分钟，配制成膜胶液；
将上述成膜胶液根据所需胶膜厚度，将胶液均匀涂覆于PET基材上，在120-160℃，加热1-5分钟固化成膜。使用涂胶设备，采用刮涂或刷涂方式，将胶液均匀涂覆于PET基材上。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1：将甲基MQ硅树脂15份、环氧改性有机硅树脂10份与甲基硅油20份、甲基羟基硅油20份混合，搅拌1-2小时，待树脂完全溶于硅油。加入固化剂羟基含氢硅油10份，催化剂钛酸酯2份，增强剂气相硅5份，继续搅拌10-15分钟，混合均匀，得到成膜胶液。然后将上述胶液，按照80g/m2上胶量，使用刮涂涂胶设备，涂覆于PET基材上。在温度 120-160℃，加热3分钟固化成膜。采用该方法可制得厚度为0.3mm硅胶膜。该硅胶模经过 2000h的耐高温高湿老化、1000h的紫外灯加速老化、不脱粘、无气泡，不变色；与玻璃剥离强度大于40N，与TPT太阳能背板大于25N。
实施例2：将乙烯基MQ硅树脂15份、甲基透明有机硅树脂15份与乙基硅油40份，搅拌1-2小时，待树脂完全溶于硅油。加入固化剂乙基含氢硅油10份，催化剂钛酸酯2份，增强剂气相硅2份、二氧化硅2份，继续搅拌10-15分钟，混合均匀，得到成膜胶液。然后将上述胶液，按照100g/m2上胶量，使用刮涂涂胶设备，涂覆于PET基材上。在温度120-160℃，加热3分钟固化成膜。采用该方法可制得厚度为0.5mm硅胶膜。该硅胶模经过2000h的耐高温高湿老化、1000h的紫外灯加速老化、不脱粘、无气泡，不变色；与玻璃剥离强度大于40N，与TPT太阳能背板大于30N。
实施例3：将甲基透明有机硅树脂15份、环氧改性有机硅树脂15份与甲基羟基硅油40 份，搅拌1-2小时，待树脂完全溶于硅油。加入固化剂甲基含氢硅油10份，催化剂钛酸酯2份，增强剂气相硅4份，继续搅拌10-15分钟，混合均匀，得到成膜胶液。然后将上述胶液，按照120g/m2上胶量，使用刮涂涂胶设备，涂覆于PET基材上。在温度120-160℃，加热3 分钟固化成膜。采用该方法可制得厚度为0.6mm硅胶膜。
该硅胶模经过2000h的耐高温高湿老化、1000h的紫外灯加速老化、不脱粘、无气泡，不变色；与玻璃剥离强度大于40N，与TPT太阳能背板大于30N。
Claims (8)
1.一种太阳能电池组件封装用新型硅胶膜，其特征在于，采用下述重量组份的原料制备而成，硅树脂15-50份，硅油30-50份，固化剂5-15份，催化剂1-5份，增强剂1-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述太阳能电池组件封装用新型硅胶膜，其特征在于，所述的硅树脂为甲基MQ硅树脂、乙烯基MQ硅树脂、环氧改性有机硅树脂、苯甲基透明硅树脂、甲基透明有机硅树脂、聚甲基硅树脂、有机硅-环氧树脂、有机硅聚酯树脂中的一种或两种以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述太阳能电池组件封装用新型硅胶膜，其特征在于，所述的硅油为甲基硅油、乙基硅油、苯基硅油、甲基苯基硅油、甲基乙氧基硅油、甲基乙烯基硅油、甲基羟基硅油、乙基含氢硅油、羟基含氢硅油的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述太阳能电池组件封装用新型硅胶膜，其特征在于，所述的固化剂为含氢硅油，为甲基含氢硅油、乙基含氢硅油、羟基含氢硅油的一种或两种混合。
5.根据权利要求1所述太阳能电池组件封装用新型硅胶膜，其特征在于，所述的催化剂为钛酸酯、铂金类、钯类、錫类催化剂中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述太阳能电池组件封装用新型硅胶膜，其特征在于，所述的增强剂为二氧化硅、气相硅中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述太阳能电池组件封装用新型硅胶膜，其特征在于，所述的太阳能电池用硅胶膜厚度为0.25-0.8mm，耐温-50～250℃。.
8.制备如权利要求1-7任一所述新型硅胶膜的方法，其特征在于，其步骤为：
(1)按质量分数将硅树脂15-50份和硅油15-50份混合，然后加入固化剂5-15份，搅拌至硅树脂完全溶解，将催化剂1-5份，增强剂1-10份加入，搅拌10-15分钟，配制成膜胶液；
(2)将上述成膜胶液根据所需胶膜厚度，将胶液均匀涂覆于PET基材上，在120-160℃，加热1-5分钟固化成膜。
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