CN107242856B - Flexible sensor based on amorphous alloy fabric - Google Patents
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- CN107242856B CN107242856B CN201710423153.0A CN201710423153A CN107242856B CN 107242856 B CN107242856 B CN 107242856B CN 201710423153 A CN201710423153 A CN 201710423153A CN 107242856 B CN107242856 B CN 107242856B
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- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flexible sensor which comprises a sensing layer and an electrode layer, wherein the electrode layer comprises at least two electrodes which are arranged in the sensing layer and are led out from the inside of the sensing layer; the sensing layer is an amorphous alloy fabric made of amorphous alloy wires and clothes by wire blending. The flexible sensor based on the amorphous alloy fabric has the advantages of small thickness, better performance than that of a common flexible sensor in the prior art, high wearing comfort level, difficult deformation, effective resistance to electromagnetic interference and electrostatic interference and effective replacement of the flexible sensor in wearable equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new materials, and particularly relates to a flexible sensor based on an amorphous alloy fabric.
Background
In recent years, wearable electronic devices have been developed rapidly, and are becoming an important trend for research and development of next-generation electronic products, and sensors in wearable devices are important components constituting wearable electronic devices. Textile-type sensors, also known as flexible sensors, are themselves in the form of a textile, which can be part of a garment, and are considered as a trend in the future development of the wearable industry due to their good wearing comfort. The flexible sensor meets the requirements that the wearable device must have certain mechanical flexibility, fitting property and high tensile strength in the using process, so that the flexible sensor has a very wide application prospect in many emerging wearable devices.
The flexible sensor in the prior art also has the following problems to limit the application:
1. the existing flexible sensor mostly adopts a sandwich structure, the middle layer is a fabric sensing element made of conductive materials, such as conductive fibers, carbon fibers and the like, one side of the two sides of the middle layer is provided with a surface protection layer, and the other side is provided with a barrier layer which can contact with a human body. Due to the adoption of the three-layer structure, the sensor is often thicker, and the wearing comfort degree is influenced. And the working state of the sensor is closely related to the structure of the conductive material of the middle layer, and once the property and the structure of the conductive material are slightly changed in the using process, the sensor has the risk of failure.
2. In order to seek wearing comfort, the barrier layer and the substrate on many flexible sensors are mostly made of fabric layers with better flexibility, and the fabric layers are easy to deform during the use process so as to influence the change of the overall resistance of the sensor.
3. The existing flexible sensor is easily interfered by electromagnetic waves and static electricity in the using process due to the limitation of the selected materials, and the using state of the sensor is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the flexible sensor based on the amorphous alloy fabric, which has the advantages of small thickness, better performance than that of a common flexible sensor in the prior art, high wearing comfort level, difficult deformation, effective resistance to electromagnetic interference and electrostatic interference and effective replacement of the flexible sensor in wearable equipment.
The technical effect to be achieved by the invention is realized by the following scheme:
the flexible sensor provided by the invention comprises a sensing layer and an electrode layer, wherein the electrode layer comprises at least two electrodes which are arranged in the sensing layer and are led out from the inside of the sensing layer; the sensing layer is an amorphous alloy fabric made of amorphous alloy wires and clothes by wire blending.
Furthermore, the flexible sensor also comprises a protective layer arranged on the sensing layer and a flexible layer arranged at the bottom of the sensing layer. The raw material of the thread for clothes is natural fiber thread, artificial fiber thread or synthetic fiber thread; the protective layer is a flexible high polymer layer; the flexible layer is a fabric layer.
Further, the flexible layer is an amorphous alloy fabric different from the sensing layer.
Furthermore, the preparation method of the amorphous alloy fabric is to compound single or multiple bundles of amorphous alloy wires with the clothes by using threads and then weave the amorphous alloy wires.
Furthermore, the amorphous alloy wires and the threads for clothes are in a multiple-knitted structure, and the thickness of the sensing layer is larger than 5 mu m. The wire diameter of the amorphous alloy wire is 0.5-50 mu m, the tensile strength is 1000MPa-3500MPa, the elastic limit is 1.2-2.8%, and the nickel release amount is 0mg/cm2And the surface is free from corrosion after 240-480h neutral salt spray test. The amorphous alloy wire and the line for clothes are blended according to the mass ratio of 1 (5-30), and the diameter ratio of the amorphous alloy wire to the line for clothes is 1: 5-20.
Further, the molecular formula of the amorphous alloy raw material used by the amorphous alloy wire is CuaZrbTicAldNieWherein a, b, c, d, e areRespectively, the atomic mole percentages of the corresponding alloying elements, wherein a =20-35, b =25-45, c =5-20, d =3-10, e =10-20, a + b + c + d + e = 100.
Furthermore, the electrode is led out from the sensing layer by one of the modes of pasting, printing and physical cutting, and the electrode material is one or more composite materials of copper foil, conductive cloth, enameled wire and conductive adhesive.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the flexible sensor is based on the amorphous alloy fabric, has small thickness, high tensile resistance, wider applicability and better matching and assembling performance.
2. The flexible sensor has good biocompatibility, better comfort when being connected with a human body, difficult deformation, and longer service life and reliability than those of the flexible sensor in the prior art.
3. The flexible sensor has good conductivity and can effectively resist electromagnetic interference and electrostatic interference.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a flexible sensor according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The basic structure of the flexible sensor in the invention comprises a sensing layer and an electrode layer, such as the sensing layer 301 and the electrode layer shown in fig. 1, wherein the electrode layer is electrodes 201 and 202 which are arranged in the sensing layer and are led out from the inside of the sensing layer. The number of electrodes in the electrode layer is set to at least 2. The electrode is led out from the sensing layer by one of the modes of pasting, printing and physical cutting, and the electrode material is one or more of copper foil, conductive cloth, enameled wire and conductive adhesive.
The sensing layer used in the invention is an amorphous alloy fabric made of amorphous alloy wires and clothes by wire blending. The flexible sensor is directly used as a flexible sensor or made by packaging the sensor through the characteristics of high stretchability, small resistance and stable property of amorphous alloy fabric materials in the sensing layer and connecting wires or integrated wireless transmitting and receiving modules on electrodes at two ends, and can be directly attached to the skin or clothes to realize wearable detection of human joint movement, pulse, micro expression, respiration, occurrence or audio frequency.
The amorphous alloy fabric can be used for directly weaving the amorphous alloy wires and common threads for clothes, or compounding single or multiple bundles of amorphous alloy wires and the threads for clothes, preparing composite yarns by stranding or other modes, and then blending the composite yarns with other threads for clothes.
As shown in fig. 1, the flexible sensor of the present invention may further include a protective layer 101 disposed on the sensing layer and a flexible layer 401 disposed at the bottom of the sensing layer, wherein the protective layer may be used to further protect the sensing layer, and the protective layer is more used to prevent external dust, dirt, etc. from protruding into the sensing layer due to the sufficient use strength of the amorphous alloy fabric itself. The flexible layer is used as an intermediary between the sensing layer and the outside, and the requirements on comfort or assembly performance can be met by changing the material or the structure of the flexible layer according to requirements.
In the invention, the raw material of the thread for clothes is not limited, and one or more of natural fiber thread, artificial fiber thread or synthetic fiber thread can be selected, the raw material of the protective layer can be selected to be a flexible high polymer layer, and the flexible layer can be selected to be a fabric layer. In the actual use process, because the amorphous alloy material has good biocompatibility, the flexible layer can be preferably set to be an amorphous alloy fabric different from the sensing layer, that is, compared with the arrangement of the sensing layer which focuses more on the sensing performance and the selection of the amorphous alloy fabric, the amorphous alloy fabric with better use comfort can be selected as the flexible layer, for example, the amorphous alloy fabric which is more suitable for being close to the human body in a weaving mode.
The sensing layer is preferably an amorphous alloy wire and a line for clothes is in a multiple knitting structure, and the thickness of the sensing layer is larger than 5 mu m. The multiple knitted structure can form an optimal sensing structure, and the sensing layer has to have a thickness of more than 5 μm to have an excellent sensing function.
The wire diameter of the amorphous alloy wire applicable to the invention is 0.5-50 μm, the strength is easy to be insufficient when the wire diameter is too small, and the hardness of the fabric is increased when the wire diameter is too large. Preferably, the optimum parameters of the selected amorphous alloy wire are as follows: tensile strength of 1000MPa-3000MPa, elastic limit of 1.2-2.5%, and nickel release amount of 0mg/cm2And the surface is free from corrosion after 240-480h neutral salt spray test.
The amorphous alloy wire raw material adopted in the invention is preferably one of zirconium-based amorphous alloy, cobalt-based amorphous alloy, magnesium-based amorphous alloy, aluminum-based amorphous alloy and copper-based amorphous alloy, and more preferably, the molecular formula of the amorphous alloy material is CuaZrbTicAldNieWherein a, b, c, d, e respectively represent the atomic mole percentage of the respective alloying elements, wherein a =20-35, b =25-45, c =5-20, d =3-10, e =10-20, a + b + c + d + e = 100. The composition of the amorphous alloy material is different from that of the amorphous alloy with main element components of more than 50 percent in the prior art, the amorphous alloy material can be regarded as an element which is not obviously taken as the main component, under the atomic mole percentage, all the components have strong interaction force, and a plurality of components participate together, and uniform plastic deformation rather than brittle fracture occurs in the stress process, so that the tensile property of the amorphous alloy fabric is improved.
When the amorphous alloy wire and the line for clothes are blended according to the mass ratio of 1 (5-30), the prepared amorphous alloy fabric has the best effect as the sensing layer, and preferably, the ratio of the amorphous alloy wire to the line for clothes is 1 (5-20), so that the efficiency is the highest in the blending processing process.
The characteristics of the flexible sensor of the present invention are further illustrated by the complete manufacturing process as follows:
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of amorphous alloy Fabric
The amorphous alloy raw material consisting of Cu30Zr33Ti14Al5Ni18 is smelted in an inert atmosphere or a vacuum environment, after the raw material is melted, the raw material is refined for 2 times, and the uniform amorphous alloy master alloy rod is prepared by a die-casting method. And (3) placing the master alloy rod in a melting crucible, heating to melt the master alloy rod, introducing argon as protective gas, starting a metal roller after the master alloy rod is completely melted, and then drawing at the speed of 3000r/min, wherein the wire diameter of the drawn amorphous alloy wire is 5 mu m.
The test result of the amorphous alloy wire is as follows: the tensile strength is 2200MPa, the elastic limit is 2.1 percent, and the nickel release amount is 0mg/cm2And after 480h neutral salt spray test, the surface is not corroded. The amorphous alloy wires and the silk threads for the clothes are blended according to the mass ratio of 1:14 to prepare an amorphous alloy fabric which has a multiple knitting structure and is 15 mu m thick, namely the sensing layer.
EXAMPLE 2 preparation of Flexible sensor
The amorphous alloy fabric in example 1 was cut to a desired size, and a flexible high molecular polymer solution was sprayed on the upper surface thereof, and heated in an inert atmosphere to solidify the flexible high molecular polymer to form a protective layer having a thickness of 3 to 8 μm. The flexible high molecular polymer can be nontoxic organic silicon high molecular polymer such as polydimethylsiloxane.
The electrode is a copper foil electrode, is adhered to the sensing layer through conductive adhesive and is connected with the lead by leading out from the inside, thereby realizing the signal receiving.
The flexible layer can be made of amorphous alloy fabric with a plain weave structure, wherein the amorphous alloy fabric is blended with the silk threads for the clothes according to the mass ratio of 1:35, the softness degree of the fabric is the same as that of the common fabric, but the fabric has the durability and the deformation resistance degree which are incomparable with the common fabric. The flexible layer and the sensing layer can be compounded together through common fabric connection modes such as weaving, ultrasonic bonding and the like.
The flexible sensor manufactured in the embodiment can be directly used or can be packaged to manufacture a flexible strain sensor, and can be directly attached to the skin or attached to clothing to realize wearable detection of human joint movement, pulse, micro expression, respiration, occurrence or acoustic frequency. The sensor is small in thickness and better in performance than a common flexible sensor in the prior art. Because the amorphous alloy fabric with good biocompatibility is used, the flexible sensor in the embodiment has no stimulation and toxicity to human skin, can not cause skin allergy or discomfort, and is suitable for being worn for a long time. The amorphous alloy material has the characteristics of durability and good stability, so that the flexible sensor in the embodiment has a stable structure, is convenient to wash after being worn, and can realize long-time continuous dynamic monitoring of physiological parameters of human body weight.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot make the modified technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A flexible sensor, characterized by:
the flexible sensor comprises a sensing layer and an electrode layer, wherein the electrode layer comprises at least two electrodes which are arranged in the sensing layer and are led out from the inside to the outside of the sensing layer;
the sensing layer is an amorphous alloy fabric made of amorphous alloy wires and threads for clothes by blending, and the threads for clothes are made of natural fiber threads, artificial fiber threads or synthetic fiber threads;
the sensor also comprises a protective layer arranged on the sensing layer and a flexible layer arranged at the bottom of the sensing layer, wherein the protective layer is a flexible high polymer layer; the flexible layer is an amorphous alloy fabric different from the sensing layer;
the wire diameter of the amorphous alloy wire is 0.5-50 mu m, the tensile strength is 1000MPa-3500MPa, the elastic limit is 1.2-2.8%, and the nickel release amount is 0mg/cm2The surface is free from corrosion after passing through a neutral salt spray test of 240-;
the molecular formula of an amorphous alloy raw material used by the amorphous alloy wire is CuaZrbTicAldNie, wherein a, b, c, d and e respectively represent the atomic mole percentage of corresponding alloy elements, wherein a =20-35, b =25-45, c =5-20, d =3-10, e =10-20, and a + b + c + d + e = 100.
2. The flexible sensor of claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the amorphous alloy fabric comprises the steps of compounding single or multiple bundles of amorphous alloy wires with clothes threads, and then weaving.
3. The flexible sensor of claim 2, wherein: the amorphous alloy wires and the threads for clothes are of a multiple-knitted structure, and the thickness of the sensing layer is larger than 5 mu m.
4. The flexible sensor of claim 2, wherein: the amorphous alloy wire and the line for clothes are blended according to the mass ratio of 1 (5-30), and the diameter ratio of the amorphous alloy wire to the line for clothes is 1: 5-20.
5. The flexible sensor of claim 1, wherein: the electrode is led out from the sensing layer in one of the modes of pasting, printing and physical cutting, and the electrode material is one or more composite materials of copper foil, conductive cloth, enameled wire and conductive adhesive.
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| CN108091417B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2020-02-21 | 歌尔股份有限公司 | Flexible conductive film, sound generating device and wearable equipment |
| CN108267078B (en) * | 2018-03-18 | 2020-01-14 | 吉林大学 | Flexible wearable resistance-type strain sensor and preparation method thereof |
| CN108746331A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-11-06 | 江西省科学院应用物理研究所 | Non-crystaline amorphous metal braid over braid and its preparation method and application |
| CN109781291B (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2021-10-26 | 五邑大学 | Flexible temperature sensor |
| CN113959605B (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2024-08-13 | 广州碳思科技有限公司 | Stress sensor and stress sensing device |
| CN114061434A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-18 | 浙江大学 | Structural health monitoring system and method for magnetic fiber composite material |
| CN115171655B (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2024-06-04 | 厦门大学 | Self-powered deaf-mute voice recognition sensor and preparation method thereof |
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| US5578359A (en) * | 1994-11-29 | 1996-11-26 | Hewlett Packard Company | Magnetic shielding garment for electro-biologic measurements |
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| CN202094129U (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-12-28 | 湘潭大学 | Metal diffusion barrier between flexible metallic substrate and back electrode of solar cell |
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