CN107242430A - 一种提高乳状液稳定性的没食子酸丙酯复合抗氧化剂 - Google Patents
一种提高乳状液稳定性的没食子酸丙酯复合抗氧化剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种提高乳状液稳定性的没食子酸丙酯复合抗氧化剂，本发明涉及一种提高水包油型乳状液氧化稳定性的复合抗氧化剂。按照一定摩尔质量比分别取适量没食子酸丙酯与α‑生育酚溶于甲醇溶液中，混合均匀，即得复合抗氧化剂。在水包油型乳状液中加入适量的复合抗氧化剂，定期检测乳状液的氧化稳定性。结果表明没食子酸丙酯和α‑生育酚在乳状液中具有协同作用，其抗氧化性能远远大于单独使用没食子酸丙酯或者α‑生育酚的性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种提高水包油型乳状液氧化稳定性的复合抗氧化剂。
背景技术
没食子酸烷基酯是由没食子酸与脂肪醇酯化后得到的，属半天然产品。没食子酸分子结构中，三个羟基相邻且为质子供体，具有活泼的还原性，容易被氧化。没食子酸与脂肪醇酯化后，提高了分子的脂溶性，烷烃链越长，则烷基酯脂溶性越好，这种特性使其在油脂类产品中具有良好的抗氧化性能，广泛应用于油脂类食品中，可以提高食品的品质，延长保质期和增强保鲜防腐等功能。没食子酸及其烷基酯抗氧化能力优于我国目前在油脂中最常使用的抗氧化剂2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)和丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)等。
食品乳状液体系是许多食品体系不可缺少的组成部分，由于油脂的存在，乳状液体系在储藏过程中会出现油脂氧化的问题。从而导致乳状液体系感官品质和营养品质的下降，形成的一些氧化产物还会对人体造成极大危害，比如容易导致心血管疾病、癌症等。在食品工业中，添加自由基清除抗氧化剂，延缓油脂氧化链引发和链传播的发生，是目前控制纯油相体系中油脂氧化的常用方法之一，在过去几十年中，除了一些天然抗氧化剂(比如迷迭香酸提取物，茶多酚提取物等)之外，并没有任何新型抗氧化剂受到食品工业的青睐，合成抗氧化剂不仅价格昂贵而且对人体安全存在威胁，实际上，目前市场上应用较多的合成抗氧化剂2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)和丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)已有相关报道称具有潜在的致癌隐患。因此，在有限的可用抗氧化剂前提下提高抗氧化剂的抗氧化效率是科学家们面临的一大挑战。
为了改善乳状液的氧化稳定性，除加入单一抗氧化剂外，往往还会尝试性地将不同的抗氧化剂进行复合使用而达到抗氧化活性的协同增效效应。目前国内外在水包油型乳状液体系中抗氧化物质的研究多局限于不同来源抗氧化活性物质的单纯应用，而关于不同抗氧化物质之间协同作用的研究不多。目前尚未见关于没食子酸丙酯与α-生育酚在乳状液中的相互作用的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是将不同的抗氧化剂进行复合使用而达到抗氧化活性的协同增效效应。
取摩尔质量比1:1的没食子酸丙酯(100μmol)和α-生育酚(100μmol)溶解于10mL甲醇，上下振荡摇匀或超声摇匀混合均匀，即得复合抗氧化剂。
所述没食子酸丙酯纯度为98％，所述α-生育酚纯度大于等于96％。
将所述复合抗氧化剂加入水包油乳状液中，使其在乳状液中的最终浓度为30μM。
抗氧化剂的复合作用效果通过以下方案实现：定期测定乳状液中脂质氢过氧化物和己醛的含量，比较添加复合抗氧化剂与添加单一抗氧化剂的乳状液的POV值和乙醛含量变化趋势，并计算没食子酸丙酯与α-生育酚相互作用指数。
本发明的有益效果是通过抗氧化剂的复合使用来提高现有的天然抗氧化剂的使用效率，并且提高了水包油型乳状液氧化稳定性。
附图说明
图1为没食子酸丙酯与α-生育酚复合使用对乳状液过氧化值的影响示意图，其中Control表示未加抗氧化剂，R3表示没食子酸丙酯，TOH表示α-生育酚，R3+TOH表示本发明所述的没食子酸丙酯与α-生育酚复合使用。
图2为没食子酸丙酯与α-生育酚复合使用对乳状液过己醛含量的影响示意图，其中Control表示未加抗氧化剂，R3表示没食子酸丙酯，TOH表示α-生育酚，R3+TOH表示本发明所述的没食子酸丙酯与α-生育酚复合使用。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实例对本发明的具体实施方案作进一步详细说明。
本发明中，若非特指，所采用的原料和设备等均可从市场购得或是本领域常用的。下述实施例中的方法，如无特别说明，均为本领域的常规方法。
取摩尔质量比1:1的没食子酸丙酯(100μmol)和α-生育酚(100μmol)溶解于10mL，上下振荡摇匀或超声摇匀混合均匀，得复合抗氧化剂。
乳状液制备：配制1L 10mM的磷酸盐缓冲液(PH＝7.0)，加入0.1g Tween 20。取1w％玉米油溶于99w％PBS缓冲液，用高速分散机搅拌2min得到粗乳液，用高压均质机在40MPa均质两次得到乳状液，最后加入NaN3(0.02％,w/v)作为抑菌剂。
将复合抗氧化剂加入上述水包油乳状液中，使其在乳状液中的最终浓度为30μM。
抗氧化剂的复合作用效果实施方案：定期测定乳状液中脂质氢过氧化物和己醛的含量，并比较与单独添加抗氧化剂时乳状液的氢过氧化物和己醛的Lag time，计算没食子酸丙酯与α-生育酚相互作用指数。
实施案例
1.乳状液的制备
8g NaCl、0.2g KCl、1.38g Na2HPO4和0.2g KH2PO4溶于1L去离子水制备成1L 10mM的磷酸盐缓冲液(PH＝7.0)，加入0.1g Tween 20。1w％玉米油溶于99w％PBS缓冲液，用高速分散机搅拌2min得到粗乳液，用高压均质机在40MPa均质两次得到乳状液，加入NaN3(0.02％,w/v)作为抑菌剂。
2.乳状液氧化产物的测定
分别取1mol食子酸丙酯和1mol的α-生育酚溶于100mL的甲醇溶液中，取适量加入乳状液中，使其在乳状液中的最终浓度为30μM，搅拌1h使其混合均匀。取5mL转移至顶空瓶中，密封，25℃避光保存，每天测定乳状液的过氧化值和己醛含量。
2.1乳状液过氧化值的测定
Fe2+储备液：等体积0.132M BaCl溶液和0.144M FeSO4·7H2O溶液混合，离心取上清液，用棕色容量瓶密封保存；Fe3+标准贮备溶液：4.9769g FeSO4·7H2O溶液溶于50mL去离子水中，加入100mL浓H2SO4，加温溶解后滴入20％KMnO4溶液，直至溶液红色不褪色且保持30s不变，定容至1L，摇匀，储备液每毫升含100μg Fe3+。取适量Fe3+标准贮备溶液用甲醇：正丁醇(2:1，V/V)混合液定容稀释10倍即得到Fe3+标准工作液。
Fe3+标准曲线的制作：分别移取0、10、20、40、80、100、200、400μL的Fe3+标准工作溶液于10mL试管中，分别加入20μL 3.94M硫氰酸钾溶液，用甲醇：正丁醇(2:1，V/V)混合溶液定容至5mL。涡旋混合10s，室温避光静置20min，甲醇正丁醇混合液作为空白对照，在510nm波长下测定吸光度值。重复三次测定，以吸光度平均值对相应Fe3+的含量(μg)绘制标准曲线。
乳状液的过氧化值的测定：取1mL乳状液，加入5mL异辛烷：异丙醇(2:1，V/V)混合溶液，涡旋混合，再以5000r/min离心5min。取1mL上清液，加入20μL硫氰酸钾和20μL氯化亚铁溶液，再用甲醇：正丁醇(2:1，V/V)混合溶液定容至5mL，涡旋混合10s，室温下避光静置20min，以甲醇正丁醇混合溶液作空白对照，在510nm波长下测定吸光度值。
计算公式：POV＝(A×n×0.5×K)/(55.86×m×2)×1000
式中：POV为样品的过氧化值，meq/kg；A为测得样品液的吸光度；K为测得Fe3+标准曲线的斜率；55.86为Fe的原子量；m样品中油脂的质量，g；0.5为O/Fe的摩尔比；n为吸取上清液的体积分数；2为氧换算为过氧化值的系数。计算结果精确至0.01。
2.2乳状液己醛含量的测定
己醛标准曲线的制作：配制含0.001mol己醛的标准液，分别稀释成含己醛0.002，0.005，0.01，0.02，0.04，0.06，0.08，0.1，0.2，0.4，0.6，0.8μmol的梯度标准液，顶空进样GC-MS测定己醛含量，以己醛浓度为横坐标，己醛峰面积为纵坐标做标准曲线。
样品测定：隔天取分装的顶空瓶进样。
顶空进样条件：炉温65℃；定量环温度110℃；传输线温度130℃；GC平衡时间13min；进样瓶加热平衡时间10min；顶空瓶瓶内压10psi；瓶加压时间0.5min；填充定量环时间0.5min；定量环平衡时间0.5min；进样时间1min。
GC-MS工作条件：色谱柱：Agilent HP-5MS(30m×250μm×0.25μm)；分流比：7:1；流速1mL/min；柱温65℃；传输线温度280℃；离子源温度230℃；四级杆温度150℃。
3.没食子酸丙酯与α-生育酚的相互作用指数计算
氧化产物从少量被检测到转变成大量产生的拐点对应的时间就是Lag Time(p≤0.05)，以E表示。相互作用指数Q＝实验测得值/理论期望值＝[(E空白-E(A+B)]/{[E空白-EA]+[E空白-EB]}，其中，A和B分别代表α-生育酚和没食子丙酯，A+B表示两者复合使用，空白组指不添加抗氧化剂。若Q＝1，没食子酸丙酯与α-生育酚表现为相加作用；Q>1，为协同作用，反之，Q<1，为拮抗作用。
如图所示，与添加单一抗氧化剂的乳状液相比，没食子酸丙酯与α-生育酚的复合使用使得乳状液的过氧化值和己醛含量上升速率减慢，氢过氧化物和己醛的Lag time约增长了6-7天，可见，没食子酸丙酯α-生育酚的复合使用使乳状液氧化稳定性提高，即两者在乳液中复合使用的抗氧化效率显著高于单独添加的情形。
相互作用指数从量的角度反应没食子酸丙酯与α-生育酚的相互作用，没食子酸丙酯与α-生育酚相互作用指数值分别为1.444(过氧化值)、1.538(己醛)，相互作用指数都大于1，可见，没食子酸丙酯与α-生育酚在乳状液中是协同作用。
Claims (3)
1.一种提高乳状液稳定性的没食子酸丙酯复合抗氧化剂，其特征在于：制备方法是，取摩尔质量比1:1的没食子酸丙酯(100μmol)和α-生育酚(100μmol)溶解于10mL甲醇,上下振荡摇匀或超声摇匀混合均匀，即得复合抗氧化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高乳状液稳定性的没食子酸丙酯复合抗氧化剂，其特征在于：所述没食子酸丙酯纯度为98％，所述α-生育酚纯度大于等于96％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高乳状液稳定性的没食子酸丙酯复合抗氧化剂，其特征在于：具体使用方法是，在制备好的水包油乳状液中，复合抗氧化剂在乳状液中的最终浓度为30μM。
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