CN107238861A - The automatic means of interpretation of normal-moveout spectrum and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
Disclose a kind of automatic means of interpretation of normal-moveout spectrum and system.This method can include：Based on common midpoint gather data, the normal-moveout spectrum of the common midpoint gather data is obtained；Based on the normal-moveout spectrum of the common midpoint gather data, acquisition speed pattern function；Based on the rate pattern function, initial root mean square speed and initial interval velocity are obtained；And based on initial root mean square speed and initial interval velocity, obtain final interval velocity and final root mean sequare velocity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of seismic exploration, more particularly, to a kind of automatic means of interpretation of normal-moveout spectrum and it is
System.
Background technology
In field of seismic exploration, seimic wave velocity is one of most important parameter in seismic prospecting, it through
Seismic processing and the whole process explained.But in different phase, source, meaning and the application of the parameter
All it is different.At seism processing initial stage, typically all without suitable rate pattern, it is necessary to by normal
The velocity analysis of rule obtains stack velocity, and is all that stack velocity is equal into root mean sequare velocity, and with
This is superimposed to enter action school, obtains stacked section and either carries out pre-stack time migration or based on root mean square speed
Degree model carries out time and depth transfer and gone forward side by side a stepping line displacement velocity analysis.Therefore, in oil-gas exploration seismic data
Processing in, stack velocity analysis is both basic and very important seismic data process content, and it is
The foundation of seismic prospecting multi-fold CMP trace gathers (common midpoint gather) superposition is realized, is also that support is high-precision
Spend the basis of seismic imaging velocity modeling.
Stack velocity analysis is the way of realization based on normal-moveout spectrum, according between the exciting and receive of seismic signal
The NMO (normal moveout) principle of presence, is scanned using a series of previously given rate curves, calculated successively
The NMO (normal moveout) in CMP trace gather Zhong Ge roads, then enter to take action school and superposition, m- speed-stack power when obtaining
Matrix.The explanation of stack velocity spectrum is to be based on in-phase stacking energy maximum principle, is exactly when sweep speed is correct
When can be computed correctly NMO (normal moveout) and the normal-moveout correction in Chu Ge roads, realize each track data in CMP trace gathers
Same phase superposition, stack power now is maximum, and therefore, the explanation of stack velocity spectrum is analyzed along time shaft
And choose relatively reliable on the normal-moveout spectrum and larger energy group of stack power.
In fact, influence stack velocity spectrum calculates the factor with Explanation Accuracy in actual seism processing
A lot, such as in earthquake record random noise, signal to noise ratio, complicated structure, the interference of ripple, stratigraphic dip
Etc., these influence factors can not possibly carry out comprehensively description and comprehensive by data processing by mathematical modeling
Eliminate.Therefore, actual time distance curve of reflection wave has not been the hyperbola form in preferable meaning, superposition speed
Degree spectrum would generally show energy group out-focus, and unique, speed does not become the variation tendency of speed on a timeline
Change big or speed reversing etc..
The condition of seismic prospecting and the signal to noise ratio of observational data are limited by due to the precision of stack velocity analysis,
Multi-solution and ambiguity are shown on normal-moveout spectrum, therefore, the explanation of normal-moveout spectrum substantially uses man-machine interaction mould
Formula, this is also a link of manual operation load maximum in current common seismic data processing.Therefore, speed
Automatic means of interpretation is also constantly released, and these methods are typically all to be based on global optimization approach.For example based on illiteracy
Special Carlow method etc..This kind of method has algorithm easily designed, less demanding to object function so as to which application is wide
General advantage.But efficiency is low, it is impossible to ensure produce optimization problem optimal solution, and conclusion often with
Machine.Other is that the method based on local optimal searching includes:Newton method, conjugate gradient method, neutral net side
Method etc..Although this kind of method has higher computational efficiency, but algorithm is complicated.It is to seek to generally require using derivative
Extreme point is looked for provide effective information.Direct method do not required the analytical property of function, and according to certain
Mathematical principle, with as far as possible few amount of calculation, extreme point is determined by the size of direct comparison function value
Position.
Inventor has found that the normal-moveout spectrum of prior art explains that obtained result is not accurate enough, causes not conforming to automatically
The interval velocity of reason.Therefore, it is necessary to develop a kind of automatic means of interpretation of accurate normal-moveout spectrum and system.
The information for being disclosed in background of invention part is merely intended to deepen the general background technology to the present invention
Understanding, and be not construed as recognizing or imply in any form the information structure be people in the art
Prior art well known to member.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of automatic means of interpretation of normal-moveout spectrum and system, and it can be gone forward side by side by building model
Row disturbance and optimizing, obtain the final interval velocity and final root mean sequare velocity of each CMP, realize accurate
Normal-moveout spectrum explain automatically.
According to an aspect of the invention, it is proposed that a kind of normal-moveout spectrum automatic means of interpretation.Methods described can be wrapped
Include：Based on common midpoint gather data, the normal-moveout spectrum of the common midpoint gather data is obtained；Based on described
The normal-moveout spectrum of common midpoint gather data, acquisition speed pattern function；Based on the rate pattern function, obtain
Take initial root mean square speed and initial interval velocity；And based on initial root mean square speed and initial interval velocity, obtain
Take final interval velocity and final root mean sequare velocity.
According to another aspect of the invention, it is proposed that a kind of normal-moveout spectrum automatic Interpretation System, the system can be with
Including：For based on common midpoint gather data, obtaining the list of the normal-moveout spectrum of the common midpoint gather data
Member；For the normal-moveout spectrum based on the common midpoint gather data, the unit of acquisition speed pattern function；With
In based on the rate pattern function, the unit of initial root mean square speed and initial interval velocity is obtained；And use
In based on initial root mean square speed and initial interval velocity, the list of final interval velocity and final root mean sequare velocity is obtained
Member.
Methods and apparatus of the present invention has other characteristics and an advantage, and these characteristics and advantage are from being incorporated herein
In accompanying drawing and subsequent specific embodiment in will be apparent, or by the accompanying drawing being incorporated herein
Stated in detail with subsequent specific embodiment, these the drawings and specific embodiments are provided commonly for explaining this
The certain principles of invention.
Brief description of the drawings
By the way that exemplary embodiment of the present is described in more detail with reference to accompanying drawing, it is of the invention it is above-mentioned with
And other purposes, feature and advantage will be apparent, wherein, in exemplary embodiments of the present invention,
Identical reference number typically represents same parts.
The flow chart for the step of Fig. 1 shows the normal-moveout spectrum automatic means of interpretation according to the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the preferred reality of the present invention in accompanying drawing
Example is applied, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the present invention without should be by embodiments set forth here
Limited.On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention is more thorough and complete, and can be by
The scope of the present invention intactly conveys to those skilled in the art.
Embodiment 1
The flow chart for the step of Fig. 1 shows normal-moveout spectrum automatic means of interpretation.
In this embodiment, it can be included according to the automatic means of interpretation of normal-moveout spectrum of the present invention：Step 101, base
In common midpoint gather data, the normal-moveout spectrum of the common midpoint gather data is obtained；Step 102, based on institute
State the normal-moveout spectrum of common midpoint gather data, acquisition speed pattern function；Step 103, based on the speed mould
Type function, obtains initial root mean square speed and initial interval velocity；And step 104, based on initial root mean square speed
Degree and initial interval velocity, obtain final interval velocity and final root mean sequare velocity.
The embodiment obtains the end layer speed of each CMP by building model and being disturbed and optimizing
Degree and final root mean sequare velocity, realize the accurate automatic explanation of normal-moveout spectrum.
The following detailed description of the specific steps of the automatic means of interpretation of normal-moveout spectrum according to the present invention.
Acquisition speed is composed
In one example, common midpoint gather data can be based on, the speed of common midpoint gather data is obtained
Degree spectrum.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various conventional methods known in the art can be used, obtain
The normal-moveout spectrum of common midpoint gather data.
In one example, the normal-moveout spectrum of common midpoint gather data can be similar spectrum or coherence spectra.
Specifically, it is possible to use CMP (CMP) the trace gather data of surface seismic pre stack data produce speed
Spectrum.Normal-moveout spectrum can be similar spectrum or coherence spectra.The normal-moveout spectrum of common midpoint gather data
Form is S (t, vrms(t)), wherein t is time, vrms(t) be the time be t when stratum root mean sequare velocity,
S(t,Vrms(t)) represent in (t, vrms(t)) the normal-moveout spectrum at place.
Acquisition speed pattern function
In one example, can the normal-moveout spectrum based on the common midpoint gather data, acquisition speed model
Function.
In one example, acquisition speed pattern function can include：Along along time shaft traversal selection normal-moveout spectrum
The root mean sequare velocity for making spectrum energy maximum, rate pattern function is fitted using the root mean sequare velocity, obtains speed
Spend multiple coefficients of pattern function.Wherein, rate pattern function can be expressed as：
vrms(t)=v0+α·tβ (1)
In formula (1), t is time, vrms(t) be the time be t when stratum root mean sequare velocity, v0It is
The root mean sequare velocity on the stratum when time is zero, α, β are undetermined coefficient.
Specifically, the rate pattern function as shown in formula (1) can be introduced.The rate pattern function can be with
Suitable for most of geological conditions.For certain geological data once collected in some specific area, v0,
α, β are undetermined coefficient.It is thus determined that these coefficients need to utilize normal-moveout spectrum.Specific practice is, along time shaft
Make spectrum energy S (t, v on traversal selection normal-moveout spectrumrms(t)) maximum root mean sequare velocity vrms(t) it is, then square with these
Root speed vrms(t) fitting formula (1) is removed, to obtain coefficient v0, α, β.It is thus possible to acquisition speed mould
Type function.Preferably, each CMP can be processed as, it is corresponding to obtain each CMP
Rate pattern function.
Obtain initial root mean square speed and initial interval velocity
In one example, the rate pattern function can be based on, initial root mean square speed is obtained and initial
Interval velocity.
In one example, obtaining initial root mean square speed and initial interval velocity can include：Based on the speed
Pattern function is spent, the initial root mean square speed of each CMP is obtained；And Dix formula is applied, will
The initial root mean square rate conversion of each CMP is the initial interval velocity of each CMP.
Specifically, parameter v is being obtained0, α, after β, it is possible to according to formula (1) obtain currently altogether in
The initial root mean square speed v of heart point lower any timerms(t), by repeatedly calculating, can obtain it is each concentrically
The initial root mean square speed of point.In order that root mean sequare velocity is meaningful, interval velocity therefrom in other words
It is meaningful, it is necessary to by the initial root mean square speed v of each CMPrms(t) turned with Otto Dix (Dix) formula
It is changed to the initial interval velocity v of each CMPint(t).It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that can be using this
Various conventional methods known to field, based on initial root mean square speed vrms(t) initial interval velocity v is obtainedint(t)。
Obtain final interval velocity and final root mean sequare velocity
In one example, initial root mean square speed and initial interval velocity can be based on, final interval velocity is obtained
With final root mean sequare velocity.
In one example, obtaining final interval velocity and final root mean sequare velocity can include：To in each be total to
The initial interval velocity of heart point is disturbed, and obtains the interval velocity after disturbance；Using Dix formula, it will disturb
Interval velocity afterwards is converted to the root mean sequare velocity after disturbance；And corresponding with the root mean sequare velocity after disturbance
Normal-moveout spectrum be current CMP maximal rate spectrum in the case of, after the interval velocity after disturbance and disturbance
Root mean sequare velocity be used as final interval velocity and final root mean sequare velocity.
Wherein, obtaining the interval velocity after disturbance can include：Initial interval velocity to each CMP is carried out
Random perturbation, obtains the interval velocity after disturbance；And the interval velocity after disturbance is entered according to specific geological condition
Row constraint so that the interval velocity after disturbance is in the bound of the interval velocity at each time point.
Specifically, based on initial root mean square speed vrms(t) with initial interval velocity vint(t), can be to initial interval velocity
vint(t) optimize.The optimization can be carried out along time shaft, i.e. the initiation layer speed to each time point
Spend vint(t) disturbed, the disturbance can be random perturbation, and disturb result should each time point layer
(that is, according to specific geological condition to the interval velocity v after disturbance in the bound of speedint(t) row constraint is entered,
So that the interval velocity v after disturbanceint(t) in the bound of the interval velocity in each time point), so, it can obtain
Interval velocity after to disturbanceFor each CMP, Dix formula can be applied, after disturbance
Interval velocityBe converted to the root mean sequare velocity after disturbance
It is then possible to judge normal-moveout spectrum S (t, vrms(t) with the root mean sequare velocity after disturbance in)Corresponding speed
Degree spectrum whether be current CMP maximal rate spectrum Smax.Corresponding with the root mean sequare velocity after disturbance
Normal-moveout spectrum is not the maximal rate spectrum S of current CMPmaxIn the case of, still retain initial interval velocity vint(t)
With initial root mean square speed vrms(t), optimize again, that is, abovementioned steps are repeated, to each time
The initial interval velocity v of pointint(t) disturbed and constrained, obtain the interval velocity after disturbanceWith it is equal after disturbance
Root speed
It is the maximal rate spectrum of current CMP in the normal-moveout spectrum corresponding with the root mean sequare velocity after disturbance
SmaxIn the case of, by the interval velocity after disturbanceWith the root mean sequare velocity after disturbanceAs it is current when
Between the final interval velocity and final root mean sequare velocity put.
So, multiple random perturbation and optimizing can be carried out to each time point of each CMP, finally
Final interval velocity and final root mean sequare velocity of all common midpoint gather data at each time point are obtained, it is real
Now to the accurate automatic explanation of normal-moveout spectrum.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the purpose of the description above to embodiments of the invention is only for example
Illustrate to property the beneficial effect of embodiments of the invention, be not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to
Any example gone out.
Embodiment 2
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention can be wrapped there is provided a kind of normal-moveout spectrum automatic Interpretation System, the system
Include：For based on common midpoint gather data, obtaining the unit of the normal-moveout spectrum of the common midpoint gather data；
For the normal-moveout spectrum based on the common midpoint gather data, the unit of acquisition speed pattern function；For base
In the rate pattern function, the unit of initial root mean square speed and initial interval velocity is obtained；And for base
In initial root mean square speed and initial interval velocity, the unit of final interval velocity and final root mean sequare velocity is obtained.
The embodiment obtains the end layer speed of each CMP by building model and being disturbed and optimizing
Degree and final root mean sequare velocity, realize the accurate automatic explanation of normal-moveout spectrum.
In one example, acquisition speed pattern function can include：Along along time shaft traversal selection normal-moveout spectrum
The root mean sequare velocity for making spectrum energy maximum, rate pattern function is fitted using the root mean sequare velocity, obtains speed
Multiple coefficients of pattern function are spent, wherein, the rate pattern function representation is：
vrms(t)=v0+α·tβ
Wherein, t is time, vrms(t) be the time be t when stratum root mean sequare velocity, v0When to be the time be zero
Stratum root mean sequare velocity, α, β be undetermined coefficient.
In one example, obtaining initial root mean square speed and initial interval velocity can include：Based on the speed
Pattern function is spent, the initial root mean square speed of each CMP is obtained；And Dix formula is applied, will
The initial root mean square rate conversion of each CMP is the initial interval velocity of each CMP.
In one example, obtaining final interval velocity and final root mean sequare velocity can include：To in each be total to
The initial interval velocity of heart point is disturbed, and obtains the interval velocity after disturbance；Using Dix formula, it will disturb
Interval velocity afterwards is converted to the root mean sequare velocity after disturbance；And corresponding with the root mean sequare velocity after disturbance
Normal-moveout spectrum be current CMP maximal rate spectrum in the case of, after the interval velocity after disturbance and disturbance
Root mean sequare velocity be used as final interval velocity and final root mean sequare velocity.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the purpose of the description above to embodiments of the invention is only for example
Illustrate to property the beneficial effect of embodiments of the invention, be not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to
Any example gone out.
It is described above various embodiments of the present invention, described above is exemplary, and non-exclusive,
And it is also not necessarily limited to disclosed each embodiment.In the scope and spirit without departing from illustrated each embodiment
In the case of, many modifications and changes will be apparent from for those skilled in the art.
The selection of term used herein, it is intended to best explain the principle of each embodiment, practical application or to market
In technology improvement, or make the art other those of ordinary skill be understood that it is disclosed herein each
Embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of automatic means of interpretation of normal-moveout spectrum, including：
Based on common midpoint gather data, the normal-moveout spectrum of the common midpoint gather data is obtained；
Based on the normal-moveout spectrum of the common midpoint gather data, acquisition speed pattern function；
Based on the rate pattern function, initial root mean square speed and initial interval velocity are obtained；And
Based on initial root mean square speed and initial interval velocity, final interval velocity and final root mean sequare velocity are obtained.
2. the automatic means of interpretation of normal-moveout spectrum according to claim 1, wherein, acquisition speed pattern function
Including：Being traveled through along time shaft makes the maximum root mean sequare velocity of spectrum energy on selection normal-moveout spectrum, using described square
Root velocity fitting rate pattern function, obtains multiple coefficients of rate pattern function,
Wherein, the rate pattern function representation is：
vrms(t)=v0+α·tβ
Wherein, t is time, vrms(t) be the time be t when stratum root mean sequare velocity, v0When to be the time be zero
Stratum root mean sequare velocity, α, β be undetermined coefficient.
3. the automatic means of interpretation of normal-moveout spectrum according to claim 1, wherein, obtain initial root mean square speed
Degree and initial interval velocity include：
Based on the rate pattern function, the initial root mean square speed of each CMP is obtained；And
It is each CMP by the initial root mean square rate conversion of each CMP using Dix formula
Initial interval velocity.
4. the automatic means of interpretation of normal-moveout spectrum according to claim 1, wherein, obtain final interval velocity and
Final root mean sequare velocity includes：
Initial interval velocity to each CMP is disturbed, and obtains the interval velocity after disturbance；
Using Dix formula, the interval velocity after disturbance is converted into the root mean sequare velocity after disturbance；And
Composed in the maximal rate that the normal-moveout spectrum corresponding with the root mean sequare velocity after disturbance is current CMP
In the case of, it regard the interval velocity after disturbance and the root mean sequare velocity after disturbance as final interval velocity and final square
Root speed.
5. the automatic means of interpretation of normal-moveout spectrum according to claim 4, wherein, obtain the layer speed after disturbance
Degree includes：
Initial interval velocity to each CMP carries out random perturbation, obtains the interval velocity after disturbance；And
Row constraint is entered to the interval velocity after disturbance according to specific geological condition so that the interval velocity after disturbance is in
In the bound of the interval velocity at each time point.
6. the automatic means of interpretation of normal-moveout spectrum according to claim 1, wherein, the common midpoint gather
The normal-moveout spectrum of data is similar spectrum or coherence spectra.
7. a kind of normal-moveout spectrum automatic Interpretation System, including：
For based on common midpoint gather data, obtaining the unit of the normal-moveout spectrum of the common midpoint gather data；
For the normal-moveout spectrum based on the common midpoint gather data, the unit of acquisition speed pattern function；
For based on the rate pattern function, obtaining the unit of initial root mean square speed and initial interval velocity；
And
For based on initial root mean square speed and initial interval velocity, obtaining final interval velocity and final root mean square speed
The unit of degree.
8. normal-moveout spectrum automatic Interpretation System according to claim 7, wherein, acquisition speed pattern function
Including：Being traveled through along time shaft makes the maximum root mean sequare velocity of spectrum energy on selection normal-moveout spectrum, using described square
Root velocity fitting rate pattern function, obtains multiple coefficients of rate pattern function,
Wherein, the rate pattern function representation is：
vrms(t)=v0+α·tβ
Wherein, t is time, vrms(t) be the time be t when stratum root mean sequare velocity, v0When to be the time be zero
Stratum root mean sequare velocity, α, β be undetermined coefficient.
9. normal-moveout spectrum automatic Interpretation System according to claim 7, wherein, obtain initial root mean square speed
Degree and initial interval velocity include：
Based on the rate pattern function, the initial root mean square speed of each CMP is obtained；And
It is each CMP by the initial root mean square rate conversion of each CMP using Dix formula
Initial interval velocity.
10. normal-moveout spectrum automatic Interpretation System according to claim 7, wherein, obtain final interval velocity
Include with final root mean sequare velocity：
Initial interval velocity to each CMP is disturbed, and obtains the interval velocity after disturbance；
Using Dix formula, the interval velocity after disturbance is converted into the root mean sequare velocity after disturbance；And
Composed in the maximal rate that the normal-moveout spectrum corresponding with the root mean sequare velocity after disturbance is current CMP
In the case of, it regard the interval velocity after disturbance and the root mean sequare velocity after disturbance as final interval velocity and final square
Root speed.
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| CN107238861B (en) | 2019-01-08 |
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