CN107228277A - 储运容器 - Google Patents

储运容器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107228277A
CN107228277A CN201710026484.0A CN201710026484A CN107228277A CN 107228277 A CN107228277 A CN 107228277A CN 201710026484 A CN201710026484 A CN 201710026484A CN 107228277 A CN107228277 A CN 107228277A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
heat
heat insulating
storage
layer
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201710026484.0A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
魏晓东
柳溪
许愿
朱章全
姚春荣
施玉洁
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CIMC Safeway Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
China International Marine Containers Group Co Ltd
Nantong CIMC Tank Equipment Co Ltd
CIMC Enric Investment Holdings Shenzhen Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China International Marine Containers Group Co Ltd, Nantong CIMC Tank Equipment Co Ltd, CIMC Enric Investment Holdings Shenzhen Co Ltd filed Critical China International Marine Containers Group Co Ltd
Priority to CN201710026484.0A priority Critical patent/CN107228277A/zh
Priority to EP17164873.6A priority patent/EP3348893B1/en
Publication of CN107228277A publication Critical patent/CN107228277A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2017/117347 priority patent/WO2018130051A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F17C13/123Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for gas bottles, cylinders or reservoirs for tank vehicles or for railway tank wagons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01Shape
    • F17C2201/0104Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05Size
    • F17C2201/054Size medium (>1 m3)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304Thermal insulations by solid means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0308Radiation shield
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0308Radiation shield
    • F17C2203/032Multi-sheet layers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2203/06Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
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    • F17C2203/0619Single wall with two layers
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    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2203/0663Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F17C2203/0673Polymers
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    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2270/0168Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0173Railways

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

本发明揭示了一种储运容器,包括:罐体和设置在所述罐体外表面的隔热反射层,所述罐体包括筒体和分别封闭所述筒体两端口的两封头,所述隔热反射层至少覆盖所述筒体的上部分表面,且所述隔热反射层覆盖的面积至少占所述筒体总面积的三分之一,所述上部分表面包括所述筒体的顶面和由所述顶面向下延伸的部分侧面。与传统技术相比,本发明的隔热反射层至少能够起到遮阳板的作用,且与遮阳板相比降低了自重,并且具有良好的隔热效果。

Description

储运容器
技术领域
本发明涉及物流运输领域,特别涉及一种储运容器。
背景技术
储运容器主要用于储存和运输物料,例如,用于储运液化石油气、氨或制冷剂等非冷冻液化气体。该储运容器可以为罐式集装箱。
罐式集装箱通常根据国际运输规范(例如:IMDG-国际海运危险货物规则、ADR-关于危险货物的国际运输的欧洲协议、中国标准JB/T 4781-《液化气体罐式集装箱》等)进行设计,符合相关ISO罐式集装箱标准(比如ISO 668和ISO1496-3)的罐式集装箱通常称为“ISO罐式集装箱”。
ISO罐式集装箱通常包括框架和位于框架内的罐体,罐体包括筒体和封闭筒体的两端部封头。为了满足ISO标准,罐体本身以及所有连接件和设备的尺寸必须布置在ISO标准规定的尺寸内。例如,20英尺的罐式集装箱的外部框架的宽度为8英尺(2438mm)、长度为20英尺(6058mm)和高度为8英尺6英寸(2591mm)。
当罐式集装箱内储运的介质是在相关国内外标准规范中注明的(国际标准《国际海运危险货物规则》、《ADR》,中国标准JB/T4781等)液化气体时,如液化石油气、制冷剂等,筒体应具有足够的厚度来承受最大允许工作压力(MAWP)。因为这类液化气体在封闭的罐体内一般为饱和气液混合状态,随着温度的上升,饱和状态压力会升高,罐体内的压力相应也会升高。
筒体的最小厚度通常根据压力容器规范(比如ASME VIII卷第二分篇)来计算。
ASME VIII卷第二分篇给出的计算公式如下:
其中:
t等于筒体的最小所需厚度;
D等于筒体的内径;
P等于设计压力;
E等于焊接系数,其值在0.85到1之间
S等于设计温度下许用应力值。
筒体的设计压力(P)应不小于最大允许工作压力(MAWP)。最大允许工作压力(MAWP)的取值与设计参考温度下非冷冻液化气体的绝对蒸气压力有关。设计参考温度越低,非冷冻液化气体的绝对蒸气压力就越低,最大允许工作压力(MAWP)就越低,设计压力(P)就越低。
IMDG-《国际海运危险货物规则》等法规中规定,无绝热层或遮阳装置的,设计参考温度取60℃;具有遮阳装置的,设计参考温度取55℃;具备绝热层的,设计参考温度取50℃。
传统上,如图1所示,在罐体101的顶部设置遮阳板102,用于遮挡阳光直射,避免罐体内的温度升高。根据国际标准,设置有遮阳装置的设计参考温度为55℃,相对于没有遮阳装置的罐体,筒体的设计压力减小了。
但是传统技术中遮阳板重量一般在80kg以上,使得罐式集装箱的自重增大。
发明内容
为了解决传统技术中存在的遮阳板的重量较重导致罐式集装箱的自重增大问题,本发明提供了一种储运容器。
本发明提供一种储运容器,包括:罐体和设置在所述罐体外表面的隔热反射层,所述罐体包括筒体和分别封闭所述筒体两端口的两封头,所述隔热反射层至少覆盖所述筒体的上部分表面,且所述隔热反射层覆盖的面积至少占所述筒体总面积的三分之一,所述上部分表面包括所述筒体的顶面和由所述顶面向下延伸的部分侧面。
可选的,所述隔热反射层覆盖所述筒体和所述封头的外表面以包覆整个罐体。
可选的,所述隔热反射层为通过刷涂或喷涂的方式形成在所述罐体上的涂层。
可选的,所述涂层的厚度为0.1mm至2mm。
可选的,所述隔热反射层为薄膜状的贴膜或薄毯,所述贴膜或薄毯的厚度为0.1mm至10mm。
可选的,所述隔热反射层中含有具有隔热和反射功能的非金属空心微珠,所述非金属空心微珠的直径为5um~100um。
可选的,所述非金属空心微珠为玻璃空心微珠或陶瓷空心微珠。
可选的,所述隔热反射层包括隔热内层和反射外层,所述隔热内层由保温材料制成,所述反射外层由反射材料制成。
可选的,所述隔热内层为涂层、贴膜或薄毯,所述反射外层为涂层、贴膜或薄毯。
可选的,所述隔热内层和反射外层的总厚度为0.1mm至10mm。
可选的,所述保温材料为硅酸盐、稀土、气凝胶中的任一种材料。
可选的,所述反射材料为碳氟涂料。
可选的,所述储运容器为罐式集装箱。
本发明的实施例提供的技术方案可以包括以下有益效果:
本发明通过在罐体上涂覆隔热反射层,隔热反射层至少覆盖筒体的上部分表面,且隔热反射层覆盖的面积至少占筒体总面积的三分之一,由于该隔热反射层对阳光具有较高的反射率,使得射入到罐体表面的阳光能够很好的反射回去。藉此,本发明提供的技术方案能够完全取代传统技术中的遮阳装置。同时,因该隔热反射层具有良好的隔热作用,能够明显减少罐体与外部空间的热传递,从而减少罐体内的液体因温度升高而汽化,进而维持罐体内的压力,避免因罐内压力过高而造成的安全隐患。因此,与传统的遮阳板相比,该隔热反射层本身的厚度较薄,重量也较轻,储运容器的自重明显减轻了。
应当理解的是,以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的,并不能限制本发明。
附图说明
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分,示出了符合本发明的实施例,并于说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1为传统技术中的罐式集装箱上方设置遮阳板的结构示意图;
图2a为本发明在实施例一中的罐式集装箱的结构示意图;
图2b为图2a中A区的局部放大图;
图3a为本发明在实施例二中的罐式集装箱的结构示意图;
图3b为图3a中B区的局部放大图。
图4a为本发明在实施例三中的罐式集装箱的结构示意图;
图4b为图4a中C区的局部放大图;
图5a为本发明在实施例四中的罐式集装箱的结构示意图;
图5b为图5a中B区的局部放大图。
具体实施方式
为了进一步说明本发明的原理和结构,现结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行详细说明。
本发明的储运容器可适用于的移动式压力容器,特别适用于运输非冷冻液化气体的罐体。在以下实施例中,以运输液化石油气的罐式集装箱为例说明本发明。
实施例一
如图2a和图2b所示,图2a为本发明在实施例一中的罐式集装箱的结构示意图,图2b为图2a中A区的局部放大图。罐式集装箱10包括框架11和位于框架11内的罐体12。罐体包括筒体121和分别封闭筒体121两端口的两封头122。
筒体121的上部分表面覆盖有隔热反射层13,上部分表面占筒体121总面积的三分之一,亦即隔热反射层13覆盖的面积占筒体121总面积的三分之一。其中,上部分表面包括筒体121的整个顶面和由顶面向下延伸的部分侧面,该顶面和部分侧面的面积之和占筒体121总面积的三分之一。
隔热反射层13具有隔热和反射的作用。该隔热反射层13为单层结构,该单层结构的隔热反射层13包含多个具有隔热和反射功能的非金属空心微珠131。该隔热反射层13的基质可为高分子材料层。隔热反射层13可由树脂基质和在树脂基质中填充的非金属空心微珠131组成。该非金属空心微珠131对太阳光产生球体棱镜反射作用,使侵入的太阳光的能量减少,而起到反射阳光的作用,同时,大量非金属空心微珠131的中空结构形成的隔热层来阻止热传导,以起到隔热的作用。
因非金属空心微珠131对阳光具有反射作用,因此非金属空心微珠131布设在筒体121的上部分表面可反射可见光和红外线,因此该隔热反射层13能够起到遮阳板的作用。
非金属空心微珠131的直径可为5um~100um。该非金属空心微珠131可为玻璃空心微珠、陶瓷空心微珠等其他非金属空心珠。
隔热反射层13通过刷涂或喷涂等涂覆方式形成在筒体121上的涂层,该涂层的厚度可为0.1mm至2mm。
隔热反射层13可以是薄膜状的贴膜或薄毯,该贴膜或薄毯可通过粘合的方式贴合在筒体121上。该贴膜或薄毯的厚度可为0.1mm至10mm。
此外,为进一步加强隔热反射层13的反射性能,可在树脂基质中增加二氧化钛。
实施例二
如图3a和图3b所示,图3a为本发明在实施例二中的罐式集装箱的结构示意图,图3b为图3a中B区的局部放大图。罐式集装箱20包括框架21和位于框架21内的罐体22。罐体包括筒体221和分别封闭筒体两端口的两封头222。
筒体221的上部分表面覆盖有隔热反射层23,上部分表面占筒体总面积的三分之一,亦即隔热反射层23覆盖的面积占筒体221总面积的三分之一。其中,上部分表面包括筒体221的整个顶面和由顶面向下延伸的部分侧面,该顶面和部分侧面的面积之和占筒体221总面积的三分之一。
隔热反射层23具有隔热和反射的作用。该隔热反射层23可为双层结构,隔热反射层23包括隔热内层231和反射外层232。隔热内层231由保温材料制成,该保温材料可为硅酸盐、稀土、气凝胶中的任一种材料。但并不限于此,该保温材料还可以是其他具有保温或绝热功能的材料。
反射外层232可以通过在隔热内层231的表面上形成一反光面而具有反射作用。
此外,该反射材料可为碳氟涂料。碳氟涂料可由4F型氟树脂和特殊的隔热材料组成。碳氟涂料成膜后,能形成一层具有高反射,高热阻的涂膜。太阳光照射在这层涂膜上时,太阳光中较大部分热量反射到空气中,并阻止热量向内部传递。
此外,该反射材料也不仅限于该碳氟涂料,还可以是其他反射材料。
隔热内层231和反射外层232可通过多种方式布设在罐体22上。
在一种方式中,隔热内层231为由保温材料通过刷涂或喷涂的方式形成在筒体121上的涂层,反射外层232为由碳氟材料形成的薄膜状的贴膜或薄毯,其可通过粘合的方式贴合在隔热内层231上,隔热内层231和反射外层232的总厚度为0.1mm至10mm。
在另一种方式中,隔热内层231为由保温材料形成的薄膜状的贴膜或薄毯,其可通过粘合的方式贴合在筒体121上,反射外层232为由碳氟涂料通过刷涂或喷涂的方式形成在隔热内层231上的涂层,隔热内层231和反射外层232的总厚度为0.1mm至10mm。
在另一种方式中,隔热内层231为由保温材料通过刷涂或喷涂的方式形成在筒体121上的涂层,反射外层232为由碳氟涂料通过刷涂或喷涂的方式形成在隔热内层231上的涂层,隔热内层231和反射外层232的总厚度为0.1mm至2mm。
在另一种方式中,隔热内层231为由保温材料形成的薄膜状的贴膜或薄毯,其可通过粘合的方式贴合在筒体121上,反射外层232为由碳氟材料形成的薄膜状的贴膜或薄毯,其可通过粘合的方式贴合在隔热内层231上,隔热内层231和反射外层232的总厚度为0.1mm至10mm。
上述两实施例通过在罐体上布设隔热反射层,隔热反射层覆盖筒体的上部分表面,且隔热反射层覆盖的面积占筒体总面积的三分之一,由于该隔热反射层对阳光具有较高的反射率,使得射入到罐体表面的阳光能够很好的反射回去。藉此,本发明提供的技术方案能够完全取代传统技术中的遮阳装置。藉此,本发明提供的技术方案能够完全取代传统技术中的遮阳装置。同时,因该隔热反射层具有良好的隔热作用,能够明显减少罐体与外部空间的热传递,从而减少罐体内的液体因温度升高而汽化,进而维持罐体内的压力,避免因罐内压力过高而造成的安全隐患。
由于本发明的隔热反射层是涂覆在罐体表面上,并不容易损坏,耐久性提高了至少30%。
按照国内外的相关标准,设计有遮阳装置的,罐体的设计参考温度可从60°下降到55°。设计参考温度减少了,筒体设计压力也减少,相应的提高了罐体的安全性。
此外,因隔热反射层本身比较薄,厚度在0.1mm至10mm之间,相对于传统技术中的重量达80kg的遮阳板而言,明显减轻了罐体的自重,对于密度较大的物料,可进一步增加运输物料的重量。
在传统技术中因遮阳板的高度过多的超出罐体自身的高度,而不便于运输,而本发明的隔热反射层直接覆盖在罐体上,克服了因遮阳板的高度过高的问题。
上述两实施例在罐体上涂覆具有隔热和反射的隔热反射层,且隔热反射层覆盖的面积占筒体总面积的三分之一,但并不限于此,该隔热反射层覆盖的面积至少占筒体总面积三分之一,例如,隔热反射层覆盖的面积占筒体总面积可以是三分之二。此外,该隔热反射层覆盖的面积除了覆盖筒体的表面外,还可覆盖封头的部分表面或全部表面。
实施例三
如图4a和图4b所示,图4a为本发明在实施例三中的罐式集装箱的结构示意图,图4b为图4a中C区的局部放大图。罐式集装箱30包括框架(未图示)和位于框架内的罐体32。罐体32包括筒体321和分别封闭筒体321两端口的两封头322。
罐体32的外表面(包括筒体321和封头322的外表面)全部覆盖隔热反射层33,隔热反射层33包覆整个罐体32,即在罐体32的整个外表面上布设该隔热反射层33,以形成包覆整个罐体32的完整隔热层,该完整隔热层的隔热效果能够达到IMDG-《国际海运危险货物规则》等法规中规定的“具备绝热层”的隔热效果。
隔热反射层33具有隔热和反射的作用。该隔热反射层33可为单层结构,该单层结构的隔热反射层33包含多个具有隔热和反射功能的非金属空心微珠331。
该隔热反射层33的基质可为高分子材料层。隔热反射层33可由树脂基质和在树脂基质中填充的非金属空心微珠331组成。该非金属空心微珠331对太阳光产生球体棱镜反射作用,使侵入的太阳光的能量减少,而起到反射阳光的作用,同时,大量非金属空心微珠331的中空结构形成的隔热层来阻止热传导,以起到隔热的作用。
因非金属空心微珠331对阳光具有反射作用,因此非金属空心微珠331布设在罐体32上可反射可见光和红外线,因此该隔热反射层33能够起到遮阳板的作用。
非金属空心微珠331的直径可为5um~100um。该非金属空心微珠331可为玻璃空心微珠、陶瓷空心微珠等其他非金属空心珠。
隔热反射层33通过刷涂或喷涂等涂覆方式形成在罐体32上的涂层,该涂层的厚度可为0.1mm至2mm。
隔热反射层33可以是薄膜状的贴膜或薄毯,该贴膜或薄毯可通过粘合的方式贴合在罐体32上。该贴膜或薄毯的厚度可为0.1mm至10mm。
此外,为进一步加强隔热反射层33的反射性能,可在树脂基质中增加二氧化钛。
实施例四
如图5a和图5b所示,图5a为本发明在实施例四中的罐式集装箱的结构示意图,图5b为图5a中B区的局部放大图。罐式集装箱40包括框架(未图示)和位于框架内的罐体42。罐体42包括筒体421和分别封闭筒体两端口的两封头422。
罐体42的外表面(包括筒体421和封头422的外表面)全部覆盖隔热反射层43,隔热反射层43包覆整个罐体42,以形成包覆整个罐体32的完整隔热层,该完整隔热层的隔热效果能够达到IMDG-《国际海运危险货物规则》等法规中规定的“具备绝热层”的隔热效果。
隔热反射层43具有隔热和反射的作用。该隔热反射层43可为双层结构,隔热反射层43包括隔热内层431和反射外层432。
隔热内层431由保温材料制成,该保温材料可为硅酸盐、稀土、气凝胶中的任一种材料。但并不限于此,该保温材料还可以是其他具有保温或绝热功能的材料。
反射外层432可以通过在隔热内层431的表面上形成一反光面而具有反射作用。
此外,该反射材料可为碳氟涂料。碳氟涂料可由4F型氟树脂和特殊的隔热材料组成。碳氟涂料成膜后,能形成一层具有高反射,高热阻的涂膜。太阳光照射在这层涂膜上时,太阳光中较大部分热量反射到空气中,并阻止热量向内部传递。
此外,该反射材料也不仅限于该碳氟涂料,还可以是其他反射材料。
隔热内层431和反射外层432可通过多种方式布设在罐体42上。
在一种方式中,隔热内层231为由保温材料通过刷涂或喷涂的方式形成在罐体42上的涂层,反射外层432为由碳氟材料形成的薄膜状的贴膜或薄毯,其可通过粘合的方式贴合在隔热内层431上,隔热内层431和反射外层432的总厚度为0.1mm至10mm。
在另一种方式中,隔热内层431为由保温材料形成的薄膜状的贴膜或薄毯,其可通过粘合的方式贴合在罐体42上,反射外层432为由碳氟涂料通过刷涂或喷涂的方式形成在隔热内层431上的涂层,隔热内层431和反射外层432的总厚度为0.1mm至10mm。
在另一种方式中,隔热内层431为由保温材料通过刷涂或喷涂的方式形成在罐体42上的涂层,反射外层432为由碳氟涂料通过刷涂或喷涂的方式形成在隔热内层431上的涂层,隔热内层431和反射外层432的总厚度为0.1mm至2mm。
在另一种方式中,隔热内层431为由保温材料形成的薄膜状的贴膜或薄毯,其可通过粘合的方式贴合在罐体42上,反射外层432为由碳氟材料形成的薄膜状的贴膜或薄毯,其可通过粘合的方式贴合在隔热内层431上,隔热内层431和反射外层432的总厚度为0.1mm至10mm。
上述实施例三和实施例四通过在罐体外表面上布设隔热反射层,且隔热反射层包覆整个罐体,使得在罐体外表面形成一完整隔热层,并且该完整隔热层的隔热效果明显。相较于传统技术中“在罐体外部设置一保温材料层,并通过外包皮将保温材料层固定在罐体上(保温材料层和外包皮的总量为200kg)”的方式相比,本发明的隔热反射层的厚度和重量明显减小。
本发明的隔热反射层具有良好的隔热和反射作用,其能够达到IMDG-《国际海运危险货物规则》等法规中规定的“具备绝热层”的隔热效果。
因此,根据IMDG-《国际海运危险货物规则》等法规中的规定,设计参考温度可下降至50℃。相应的,筒体的最大允许工作压力(MAWP)也降低了,筒体的设计压力也减小了,进而避免因罐内压力过高而造成的安全隐患。
需说明的是,上述实施例中列举的均是罐式集装箱,但并不限于此,本发明的储运容器可以是其他可移动的压力容器,例如可以不包括框架的压力罐体。
以上仅为本发明的较佳可行实施例,并非限制本发明的保护范围,凡运用本发明说明书及附图内容所作出的等效结构变化,均包含在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (13)

1.一种储运容器,其特征在于,包括:罐体和设置在所述罐体外表面的隔热反射层,所述罐体包括筒体和分别封闭所述筒体两端口的两封头,所述隔热反射层至少覆盖所述筒体的上部分表面,且所述隔热反射层覆盖的面积至少占所述筒体总面积的三分之一,所述上部分表面包括所述筒体的顶面和由所述顶面向下延伸的部分侧面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的储运容器,其特征在于,所述隔热反射层覆盖所述筒体和所述封头的外表面以包覆整个罐体。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的储运容器,其特征在于,所述隔热反射层为通过刷涂或喷涂的方式形成在所述罐体上的涂层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的储运容器,其特征在于,所述涂层的厚度为0.1mm至2mm。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的储运容器,其特征在于,所述隔热反射层为薄膜状的贴膜或薄毯,所述贴膜或薄毯的厚度为0.1mm至10mm。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的储运容器,其特征在于,所述隔热反射层中含有具有隔热和反射功能的非金属空心微珠,所述非金属空心微珠的直径为5um~100um。
7.根据权利要求6所述的储运容器,其特征在于,所述非金属空心微珠为玻璃空心微珠或陶瓷空心微珠。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的储运容器,其特征在于,所述隔热反射层包括隔热内层和反射外层,所述隔热内层由保温材料制成,所述反射外层由反射材料制成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的储运容器,其特征在于,所述隔热内层为涂层、贴膜或薄毯,所述反射外层为涂层、贴膜或薄毯。
10.根据权利要求8所述的储运容器,其特征在于,所述隔热内层和反射外层的总厚度为0.1mm至10mm。
11.根据权利要求8所述的储运容器,其特征在于,所述保温材料为硅酸盐、稀土、气凝胶中的任一种材料。
12.根据权利要求8所述的储运容器,其特征在于,所述反射材料为碳氟涂料。
13.根据权利要求1所述的储运容器,其特征在于,所述储运容器为罐式集装箱。
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