CN107227951A

CN107227951A - Drill column communication system, part and method

Info

Publication number: CN107227951A
Application number: CN201710629135.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 艾伯特·周; 洛茨·林
Original assignee: Merlin Technology Inc
Current assignee: Merlin Technology Inc
Priority date: 2012-01-05
Filing date: 2013-01-04
Publication date: 2017-10-03
Anticipated expiration: 2033-01-04
Also published as: CN107227951B; CN109899059A; CN103195414A; CN109899059B; CN103195414B

Abstract

The present invention describes a kind of drill column communication system, part and method.Transceiver can be coupled a signal on drill string with certain power on well, and the power can be more than and in certain embodiments always greater than the optional power for underground signal.It can use on well that transimission power restarts the communication from rig to subsurface tool on the maximum well of transceiver.The communication that program can set up one group of new configured transmission for drill string signal to set up between rig and subsurface tool.The system can include the ground walking locator for receiving the electromagnetic locating signal of activation/disabled status control.In response to positioning signal decay, positioning signal can be changed by reconfiguring order.Transceiver and downhole transceiver can automatically change at least one parameter of underground signal on well.Compensation response can be put on transmission signal to compensate drill string channel transfer functions by receiver on well.

Description

Drill column communication system, part and method

The application is based on January 4th, 2013 is submitting, Application No. 201310001524.8, invention and created name are The divisional application of the Chinese patent application of " drill column communication system, part and method ".

Related application

This application claims the preferential of the U.S. Provisional Patent Application serial number 61/583,591 submitted on January 5th, 2012 This application, is integrally incorporated herein by power by reference.The application also requires that the U.S. submitted on January 2nd, 2013 is special This application, is integrally incorporated herein by the priority of sharp Application Serial No. 13/733,097 by reference.

Technical field

Include advanced drill string present invention relates generally to underground (inground) operation, and more particularly, to one kind The system, apparatus and method of communication system, the wherein advanced drill column communication system by electric signal be coupled on conductive drill string so as to Data transfer, while at least noise and distortion effect provide compensation.Ground walking locator (Walkover locator) leads to Letter can be integrally by the support of the system and correlation technique.

Background technology

Generally, sub-terrain operations, for example, drilling well is to form drilling, subsequent to installing public line and expanding drilling Hole, drilling mapping etc. use the conductive drill string extended out from the rig on ground.Prior art is made including the use of conductive drill string For electric conductor for use in the data-signal fax from subsurface tool to be directed to the example of rig.Surrounding lands itself serve as inspection The signal return path for the signal surveyed at rig.The system of the type is commonly known as measurement while drilling (MWD) system.However, Shen Ask someone the need for recognizing to still have to mwd system improvement.

The above-mentioned example of correlation technique and it is relative be limited to it is illustrative rather than exclusive.To this area For technical staff after reading specification and accompanying drawing is studied, other limitations of correlation technique will become obvious.

The content of the invention

Describe a kind of drill column communication system.Transceiver can be coupled a signal on drill string with certain power on well, The power can be more than and in certain embodiments always greater than the optional power for underground signal.It can use on well Transimission power restarts the communication from rig to subsurface tool on the maximum well of transceiver.Program can be set up for drill string letter Number one group of new configured transmission so as to the communication set up between rig and subsurface tool.The system can include receive activation/ The ground walking locator of the electromagnetic locating signal of disabled status control.In response to positioning signal decay, reconfiguring order can To change positioning signal.Transceiver and downhole transceiver can automatically change at least one parameter of underground signal on well.Well Compensation response can be put on transmission signal to compensate drill string channel transfer functions by upper receiver.

It is combined as exemplary and illustrative and nonrestrictive system, tool and method are to following implementation in scope Example and its aspect are described and illustrated.In various embodiments, one or more of above mentioned problem has been reduced or eliminated, And other embodiments are related to other improvement.

In an aspect of this disclosure, a kind of drill column communication system, relevant device and method are disclosed.The drill string communication system System has used from rig and has extended to the drill string of subsurface tool as electric conductor to provide the communication between rig and subsurface tool.Well Upper transceiver is located at rig and including transmitter on well, and signal on well is coupled to by transmitter with transimission power on well on well To transmit to subsurface tool on drill string.Downhole transceiver is located at underground close to subsurface tool and including downhole transmitter, well Underground signal is coupled on drill string to transmit on the drill string to rig by lower transmitter with downhole transmitted power, downhole transmitted Power can be selected in power downhole transmission range and transimission power transmits model always greater than in power downhole on well Enclose interior any selected downhole transmitted power.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kind of method and relevant device for being used to operate drill column communication system is described, Drill column communication system using the drill string of subsurface tool is extended to from rig as electric conductor with provide rig and subsurface tool it Between communication.In response to the consumption using the reception for transmitting the underground signal to drill string from subsurface tool when previous group configured transmission Damage, the communication from rig to subsurface tool is restarted with transimission power on the maximum well of transceiver on well using transceiver on well So that signal will be restarted on well coupled to subsurface tool.Based on from subsurface tool to restarting the response of signal on well, Into program to set up one group of new configured transmission at least one in signal on underground signal and well, to set up behind Communication between rig and subsurface tool.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kind of drill column communication system and correlation technique, drill column communication system are described Use from rig and extended to the drill string of subsurface tool as electric conductor to provide the communication between rig and subsurface tool.On well Transceiver is located at rig and including transmitter on well, on well transmitter with transimission power on well by signal on well coupled to brill To transmit to subsurface tool on post.Downhole transceiver is located at underground close to subsurface tool and including downhole transmitter, underground Underground signal is coupled on drill string to transmit on the drill string to rig and send tool by transmitter with downhole transmitted power There is the electromagnetic locating signal of at least one selectively actuatable parameter, downhole transmitted power can enter in power downhole transmission range Row selection.Walking locator in ground receives the predetermined decay for the positioning signal that electromagnetic locating signal and detection are received, and rings Ying Yu detects predetermined decay, and system configuration reconfigures order into automatically generating, and reconfigures order and changes electromagnetic location At least one in the following parameter of signal：Carrier frequency, transimission power, baud rate and modulating mode.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kind of drill column communication system and correlation technique, drill column communication system are described Use from rig and extended to the drill string of subsurface tool as electric conductor to provide the communication between rig and subsurface tool.On well Transceiver is located at rig and including transmitter on well, on well transmitter with transimission power on well by signal on well coupled to brill To transmit to subsurface tool on post.Downhole transceiver is located at underground close to subsurface tool and including downhole transmitter, underground Underground signal is coupled on drill string to transmit on the drill string to rig and send tool by transmitter with downhole transmitted power There is the electromagnetic locating signal of at least one selectively actuatable parameter, downhole transmitted power is optional in power downhole transmission range Select.Portable type ground walking locator receives electromagnetic locating signal and detects the reception consume of electromagnetic locating signal, and responds In receiving consume, automatically show that signal consumes situation to rig.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kind of drill column communication system and correlation technique from rig using extending to ground The drill string of lower instrument is as electric conductor to provide the communication between rig and subsurface tool.On well transceiver be located at rig at and Including transmitter on well, signal on well is coupled on drill string to transmit to subsurface tool by transmitter on well.Downhole transceiver Positioned at underground close to subsurface tool and including downhole transmitter, underground signal is coupled on drill string to pass by downhole transmitter Transport to form on well receiver on the well of a part for transceiver.Transceiver and downhole transceiver are configured to cooperation with least on well It is based in part on and changes at least the one of underground signal automatically as the signal attenuation of the underground signal detected by transceiver on well Individual operable configured transmission.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kind of equipment being used in drill column communication system and correlation technique are described, The drill column communication system is using the drill string of subsurface tool is extended to from rig as electric conductor to provide rig and subsurface tool Between communication.Drill string shows channel transfer functions when as the such electric conductor for carrying underground signal, and underground signal leads to Subsurface tool is crossed coupled to drill string.On well receiver receive from drill string as transmission signal underground signal, transmission signal by To the influence of channel transfer functions, and on well, receiver is configured to compensation response putting on transmission signal, is passed based on channel Delivery function customization compensation response.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kind of ground walking locator and correlation technique are described, it is used to use In the system for the drill string for extending to subsurface tool from rig, subsurface tool is configured to transmit electromagnetic locating signal.Receiver is matched somebody with somebody Reception positioning signal is set to, the decay of the reception of positioning signal is detected, and order in response to decay detection generation signal consume. Telemetry transmitter is configured to transmit signal consume order to rig.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kind of system and related side for being at least used to perform sub-terrain operations is described Method, it uses that to extend to the drill string of subsurface tool from rig logical between rig and subsurface tool to provide as electric conductor Letter.Downhole transceiver is located at underground close to subsurface tool, and it is related to the operable parameter of subsurface tool to be configured to (i) reception At least one sensor signal, (ii) generation underground signal, underground signal is transferred on the drill string at rig, and is based on Sensor signal is modulated to underground signal, and (iii) sends electromagnetic locating signal to carry out ground detection, positioning letter Number it is modulated at least without by sensor signal.Transceiver is located at rig and including receiver on well on well, on well Receiver is configured to receive underground signal from drill string and recovers sensor signal, with to obtain at rig with it is operable The related information of parameter.Walking locator in ground receives at least one that electromagnetic locating signal is used as in homing beacon and tracking signal It is individual so as to be more than for giving the detection range of transimission power positioning signal in the case where not modulating for the given biography of identical The detection range for the modulation positioning signal that defeated power is modulated by sensor signal.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kind of system and method for being at least used to perform sub-terrain operations are described, its Use from rig and extended to the drill string of subsurface tool as electric conductor to provide the communication between rig and subsurface tool.On well Transceiver is located at rig and including receiver on well, and receiver is configured at least transmit signal on the well on drill string on well To subsurface tool.Downhole transceiver is located at underground close to subsurface tool, and is configured to from signal on drill string received well and selects Electromagnetic locating signal is sent to selecting property to detect on the ground.Walking locator in ground receives electromagnetic locating signal and automatically detected Activation/disabled status of ground walking locator, and change in response to detecting activation/disabled status, ground walking positioning Device is configured to will indicate that the state instruction of new activation/disabled status is transmitted to rig.Transceiver and downhole transceiver are entered on well One step is configured to cooperation to disconnect electromagnetic locating signal at least responsive to disabled status.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kind of communication system being used at least system of execution sub-terrain operations is described System and correlation technique, it use and extend to the drill string of subsurface tool and as in homing beacon and tracks of device from rig The ground walking detector of at least one.Transceiver is located at rig on well.Downhole transceiver is located at underground close to subsurface tool. A part for telemetry transceiver formation ground walking locator.The first two-way communication on well between transceiver and downhole transceiver Link is using drill string as electric conductor to provide the communication on well between transceiver and downhole transceiver.Transceiver and ground on well The second bidirectional communication link between the telemetry transceiver of walking locator is employed on well between transceiver and telemetry transceiver Wireless electromagnetic communication.At least foring unidirectional communications link to ground walking locator from the downhole transceiver of subsurface tool makes (i) is obtained using the first bidirectional communication link from downhole transceiver via transceiver on the well at drill string to rig there is provided first to lead to Letter pattern, (ii) is from downhole transceiver via the telemetry transceiver at unidirectional communications link, ground walking locator and second pair To communication link to well, transceiver provides the second communication pattern, and (iii) controller is based at least partially on system mode Manage the communication between transceiver on downhole transceiver and well.

Brief description of the drawings

Exemplary embodiment be shown in accompanying drawing with reference in figure.It is intended to show：Embodiment disclosed herein and accompanying drawing are to show It is example property rather than restricted.

Fig. 1 is the facade diagrammatic view of the system for the advanced drill string coupled system that make use of the disclosure.

Fig. 2 is the diagram perspective drawing of one embodiment of coupling adapter, wherein the coupling adapter make use of for from Conductive drill string coupled signal and the current transformer for coupling a signal to conductive drill string.

Fig. 3 is the diagrammatic view of another embodiment of coupling adapter, wherein the coupling adapter form for from Conductive drill string coupled signal and the electric isolution gap for coupling a signal to conductive drill string.

Fig. 4 is the perspective illustration view of one embodiment of subsurface tool, and the subsurface tool is in the coupling for being connected to the disclosure Close the drill bit of adapter embodiments and the form of ground lower house.

Fig. 5 is the perspective illustration view of another embodiment of subsurface tool, and the subsurface tool is in be connected to the disclosure The strain monitor of coupling adapter embodiment and the form of reaming tool.

Fig. 6 is showing the frame of the one embodiment for the electronic section that can be used together with the coupling adapter of the disclosure Figure.

Fig. 7 be showing can be used at rig or a part as drill string repeater electronic section an implementation The block diagram of example, the coupling adapter of the wherein disclosure of the drill string repeater with serving subsurface tool cooperates.

Fig. 8 is the block diagram of the embodiment of advanced two-way drill column communication system.

Fig. 9 is the approximate model for the drill string being made up of multiple conductive drilling pipe segmentations being detachably connected.

Figure 10 a and Figure 10 b are the embodiments that the details of transceiver on advanced downhole transceiver and advanced well is shown respectively Block diagram.

Figure 11 a are the block diagrams of the embodiment of linear channel equalizer.

Figure 11 b are the block diagrams of the embodiment of DFF.

Figure 12 a and Figure 12 b are the block diagram towards linear and DFF the embodiment of adaptability of judgement respectively.

Figure 13 a are the flow charts for the system startup of the disclosure and the embodiment of the method reinitialized.

Figure 13 b are the flow charts of the embodiment for the method that dynamically/automatically control positioning signal is transmitted.

Figure 13 c are the realities of the outward appearance for the ability for showing the invalidating state for showing positioning signal and changing current state Apply the screenshot capture of example.

Figure 14 is on the well for the cooperative operation disclosure and the flow chart of the embodiment of the method for downhole transceiver.

Figure 15 is the stream of the embodiment of the communication protocol method between the downhole transceiver of the disclosure and portable navigation system Cheng Tu.

Figure 16 is the flow chart for operating the embodiment of the method for communication controler.

Embodiment

Propose that following description enables those of ordinary skill in the art to manufacture and using the present invention, and apply in patent and Following describe is provided under the background of its demand.Various modifications to the embodiment to those skilled in the art will be easy Ground turns into it will be apparent that and the General Principle of teachings herein goes for other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention is not limited In illustrated embodiment, but meet as limit within the scope of the appended claims include modifications and equivalents with this paper institutes The principle the stated widest range consistent with feature.It should be noted that accompanying drawing is not drawn to scale, and be substantially by Think to best illustrate the diagram of the mode of interest characteristics.Descriptive term can be used on these explanations, however, the art Language, which is used, to be understood for the ease of reader, it is not intended that limitation.Further, it is not drawn on drawing attached to show clear Figure.

Returning now to accompanying drawing, identical part is denoted by the same reference numerals in various figures, will be noted immediately Power points to Fig. 1, and Fig. 1 is the horizontal orientation for schematically showing constructed according to the present disclosure and generally being represented by reference numeral 10 The elevation of one embodiment of well system.Although diagram system show the present invention horizontal directional drilling system and it In framework for the part for performing earth drilling operation, but (include but is not limited to vertical drilling well on other operation sequences Operation, for install public utility retract operation, mapping operation etc.), the present invention enjoys equivalent applicability.

Fig. 1 shows the system 10 operated in region 12.System 10 includes the rig 14 with drill string 16, and drill string 16 is from brill Machine 14 extends to boring bar tool 20a or 20b.It should be noted that in order to will become apparent reason, it is shown that drill string Two examples and boring bar tool 20a and 20b of 12a and 12b ground bottom.Using solid line show drill string example 16a and Boring bar tool 20a, and the example 16b and boring bar tool 20b of drill string are shown in illusory mode using dotted line.It should be understood that One selected in two illustrative examples is used only during given sub-terrain operations.To drill string and boring bar tool referring generally to can To use reference numeral 16 and 20.Drill string can be pushed in ground at least to move generally along the forward direction 22 shown in arrow Subsurface tool 20.Although this example be according to boring bar tool use and build, it is to be understood, however, that discuss be applied to it is any The subsurface tool of suitable form, including but not limited to reaming tool, retract operation (can wherein install public utility or housing) Tension monitoring instrument that period uses, for drawing the drawing instrument of bore path (for example, using inertial guidance unit and underground Pressure monitoring).In the operation of boring bar tool, it is usually desirable to which the propulsion based on drill string is monitored, and is such as retracting operation Other operations in, be normally in response to recalling for drill string and be monitored.

With continued reference to Fig. 1, drill string 16 partly shows and is segmented, so that by the independent drilling pipe of multiple removable attachments Segmentation is constituted, the segmentation of some of which drilling pipe is expressed as 1,2, N-1 and N, with section length and wall thickness.Drilling pipe segmentation is interchangeable Ground is referred to as the drilling rod with pole length.During rig operations, in order to promote subsurface tool, once a drilling pipe can be segmented Drill string is increased to, and is pushed into by rig using movable carriage 24 in ground.Rig 14 can include suitable prison Arrangement is surveyed, to measure the movement that drill string enters ground, for example, in entitled " SYSTEMS, ARRANGEMENTS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS FOR TRACKING AND/OR GUIDING AN UNDERGROUND BORING TOOL's " US patents No.6, described in 035,951 (the hereinafter patent of ' 951), the patent and the application jointly ownership and from there through The mode of reference is incorporated to.For example, mounting ultrasonic receiver 28 can be positioned on the drilling cramp of rig, and ultrasonic transmitter 30 It can be positioned on movable carriage, movable carriage is used for extending and withdrawal drill string.Between receiver 28 and transmitter 30 Distance can be set up in the range of less than one inch.By monitor the distance and combine monitoring clamp arrangement 32 (its in response to Drilling rod is removed or increases to drill string and acts) state, the length of drill string can be followed the trail of.

Each drilling pipe segmentation defines that the pass through openings 34 extended between the opposed end that pipe is segmented (are shown in which Two).Drilling pipe segmentation can be coordinated with commonly known as box and pin accessory so that each end of given drilling pipe segmentation can It is threadedly engaged with the adjacent end portion in a well-known manner with another drilling pipe segmentation in drill string.Once drilling pipe segmentation engagement Drill string is constituted, the pass through openings of adjacent drilling pipe segmentation will be aligned to form total path 36 shown in arrow in drilling pipe segmentation.Bore The path 36 of each underground example of post can be provided meets the direction of arrow 36 from rig to drill bit for drilling fluid or mud Pressurized flow, as will be described further.

It can be set up using display 44 at rig 14 (such as on console 42) and show boring bar tool in region 12 Underground path along interior position and boring bar tool.Console can include processing unit 46 and control actuator devices 47.It should be noted that the processing unit 46 at rig can include the device of transceiver on hereinafter referred to as well.

Boring bar tool 20 can include drill bit 50, and drill bit 50 has angled face, for based on instrument planar orientation In the steering of (roll orientation).That is, drill bit generally will be angled based on its when being pushed forward without rotating The instrument planar orientation in face and enter line skew.On the other hand, when promoting drill string, by the rotary drill column as shown in double-head arrow 51, Can generally drill bit be set to be advanced along straight line.Certainly, foreseeable turn to is premised on suitable edaphic condition.It should be noted , cool down and lubricate to provide through ground just before drill bit and to drill bit, above-mentioned drilling fluid under high pressure may be used To spray for jet 52.Boring bar tool 20 includes the ground lower house 54 for accommodating electronic packing piece 56.For following description, the electricity Sub- packaging part is properly termed as downhole transceiver.Ground lower house is configured to provide for making drilling fluid be flowed to around electronic packing piece Drill bit 50.For example, electronic packing piece can be constructively cylinder and be supported in a centered manner in housing 54.Bore First 50 can include box accessory, the box fitment receiver lower house 54 pin accessory.The opposed end of ground lower house can include Box accessory, the box fitment receiver coupling adapter 60a or 60b pin accessory.It should be noted that aobvious by non-limiting example Two examples of the coupling adapter shown are substantially represented by reference numeral 60, it is to be appreciated that can use any suitable reality Apply example.The opposed end of coupling adapter 60 can include box accessory, and the box fitment receiver limits the distally bottom of drill string Pin accessory.It should be noted that drill bit, lower house and coupling adapter box and pin accessory be drilling pipe segmentation with drill string On be easy to the box and pin accessory that the drilling pipe box that is removably attached each other of segmentation and pin accessory are substantially the same when forming drill string.Ground Lower electronic packing piece 56 can include transceiver 64, in certain embodiments transceiver 64 can transmit positioning signal 66 (for example, Dipole locating signal), but this is not essential.In certain embodiments, transceiver 64 can be received by other underground parts The electromagnetic signal of generation, as by described at appropriate point below.For descriptive purpose, this example it will be assumed that electromagnetic signal is The positioning signal of dipole signal form.Correspondingly, electromagnetic signal can be described as positioning signal.It should be understood that dipole signal can be with Through ovennodulation and the modulation data can be recovered from the signal afterwards as any other electromagnetic signal.The positioning work(of signal Energy property depends, at least partially, on the characteristic shape and its signal intensity of flux field, rather than carries the ability of modulation.Therefore, adjust System is not essential.On boring bar tool some parameters (for example, inclination angle (pitch) and towards angle (roll) (orientation parameter), Temperature and drilling liquid pressure) information can be measured by the suitable sensor device 68 in boring bar tool, sense Device device 68 can for example include obliquity sensor, towards angle transducer, temperature sensor, for sensing about 50/60Hz public affairs With the AC field sensors and any other sensor of needs of circuit, for example, the DC magnetic field sensings for sensing driftage orientation Device (three axle magnetometer forms electronic compass together with three axis accelerometer and measured to driftage orientation).Electronic packing piece 56 Also include as needed with sensor device 68 and the processor 70 of the interface of transceiver 64.One of sensor device can be formed Another sensor divided is the accelerometer for being configured to detect the acceleration on one or more axles.Battery (not shown) can To be arranged in housing, for providing electric power.

Ground walking/portable navigation system 80 can be used for detection electromagnetic signal 66.In entitled " FLUX PLANE A kind of conjunction is described in LOCATING IN AN UNDERGROUND DRILLING SYSTEM " US patents No.6,496,008 Suitable and highly advanced portable navigation system, the patent belongs to and from there through the mode of reference that its is complete jointly with the application Portion is incorporated herein.Although as described above, in order to descriptive purpose use horizontal directional drilling framework, but this description fit For various sub-terrain operations, and it is not intended to limit.As discussed above, electromagnetic signal can be carried including orientation parameter (for example, inclining Angle and towards angle) information.Electromagnetic signal can also carry other information.Such information can for example include close to drillman Tool or the parameter measured inside boring bar tool, including temperature and voltage (such as battery or supply voltage).Locator 80 includes Electronic packing piece 82.It should be noted that all parts interface of electronic packing piece and locator is to carry out telecommunication, and Data processing can be carried out.Can be in any suitable manner by modulates information interested to electromagnetic signal 66, and pass The antenna 84 transported at locator 80 and/or rig, but this is not essential.Being currently available or untapped The modulation of what suitable form can be used.The example of the modulation for the suitable type being currently available includes amplitude modulation(PAM), frequency and adjusted System, phase-modulation and its modification.Any parameter (for example, inclination angle) interested on drilling well may be displayed on display 44 And/or be such as shown in from the positioning signal on the display 86 of locator 80 with recovering.Rig 14 can transmit telemetered signal 98, Telemetered signal 98 can be received by locator 80.Telemetered signal 92 can be transmitted to brill from locator 80 via telemetering antenna 94 Machine.Remote measurement part is provided for the bidirectional signaling between rig and locator 80.It is used as the example so signaled, base In the state of clamping device 32, rig can just increase to drill string because of drilling pipe segmentation or removed from drill string and (during this period, clamped Arrangement is engaged with drill string) and transmit the instruction that drill string remains static.

Referring still to Fig. 1, cable 100 can extend out from underground electronic packing piece 56 so that can be on the cable The electrical transmission any sensing value or parameter related to the operation of subsurface tool.Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, lead to Referred to as " pipe center line (wire-in-pipe) " can be used for transmit a signal to rig.Term pipe center line refers to being contained in by boring Cable in the inner passage 34 of post formation.However, according to the disclosure, cable 100 extends to the reality of underground coupling adapter 60 Apply example or other suitable underground devices.As described above, the first embodiment coupled to boring bar tool 50a is referred to by reference numeral 60a Show, and indicate that following article is what be will be described with by reference numeral 60b coupled to boring bar tool 50b second embodiment.

Notice now points to Fig. 2 and combines Fig. 1.Fig. 2 is the embodiment for showing coupling adapter in further detail 60a diagram perspective drawing.It should be noted that coupling adapter 60a represents a reality of suitable coupling device as described above Example is applied, and in entitled " DRILL STRING COUPLING ADAPTER AND METHOD FOR INGROUND SIGNAL COUPLING " serial number No.13/035, has been described in detail in 774 US patent applications, from there through The full content of the patent application is incorporated to by the mode of reference.Specifically, coupling adapter 60a includes main body 120, main body 120 Pin accessory 122 is formed so that the box accessory (not shown) with ground lower house 54 is engaged.It should be noted that understanding not to show Screw thread is shown on pin accessory, it should be understood that there is screw thread.Main body includes at least one high pressure electrical connection module.Coupling is suitable Orchestration 60a also includes ennation 140, and ennation 140 is removably attached to main body 120 and allows to change main body or extension Body.Main body and ennation can be formed by any suitable material, such as by nonmagnetic alloy (including non-magnetic stainless steel) and magnetic Property alloy (for example, 4140,4142,4340 or any suitable high strength steels) formation.Specifically, when distance driving coupling adaptation The many feet of electronic module of device are when perhaps many drilling rods place coupling adapter, and non magnetic form may not be necessary.However, If using coupling adapter near the underground device (for example, steering tool) in detection earth's magnetic field, nonmagnetic substance is used To avoid potential magnetic interference.At this point it is well known that non magnetic high-strength alloy and their magnetic respective material It is generally much higher compared in terms of cost.It should be noted that being formed from the same material so in the absence of main body and ennation It is required that.

Cylindrical ring 144 is contained between main body 120 and ennation 140.It should be noted that making circle for this explanation Cylindrical ring is rendered as transparent so that current transformer 160 is visible.Cylindrical ring can be had by generally to underground environment Any suitable material of resistance and electric insulation is formed.By non-limiting example, a kind of suitable material is transformation toughening oxygen Change zircon ceramic, other ceramic materials may be also suitable.As seen in Figure 2, the outer surface of cylindrical ring 144 relative to main body and The outer surface of ennation can be insert, it is therefore an objective to reduce the potential damage to cylindrical ring and reduce on cylindrical ring Abrasion.For example, based on the insert, clamping 32 (Fig. 1) of arrangement can bridge and keep not contacting with cylindrical ring.Further Ground, the rotation because of drill string can be reduced, advance and recall caused by cylindrical ring underground abrasion.At this point, it should be understood that , because it is similar the reason for, electrical connection module 130 can be insert, as shown in Figure 2.Current transformer can include It is wrapped in the coil on annular or annular core.In this regard, iron core can include any suitable shape of cross section, example Such as, rectangle, square and circle.In the illustrated embodiment, iron core can be separation in order to the installation of current transformer. A pair of electric leads of the opposed end from current mutual inductor coil are coupled to the cable 100 at electrical connection module 130.Should Understand, any suitable current transformer can be used and specific current transformer described herein is not by way of limitation Property.The opposed end 170 of ennation 140 defines the box accessory being threadedly engaged for the underground distal end with drill string.Close In Fig. 1, it should be understood that when assembling drill string at rig, coupling adapter 60 may be mounted at the adjacent brill of any two Between pipe segmentation.For example, the desired embodiment of coupling adapter can be located between drilling pipe segmentation N-1 and N in Fig. 1.Then, it is electric Cable 100 extends through drilling pipe segmentation n from subsurface tool and reaches coupling adapter.

Present notice turns to Fig. 3, and Fig. 3 is the diagram perspective drawing for the embodiment for showing coupling adapter 60b.It should be noted , Fig. 3 is corresponding to entitled " DRILL STRING INGROUND ISOLATOR IN AN MWD SYSTEM AND ASSOCIATED METHOD " Serial No. No.13/593, Fig. 2 of 439 US patent applications (hereinafter referred to as ' 439 application), The entire disclosure of which is introduced from there through reference mode.Fig. 3 embodiment represents numerous conjunctions disclosed in ' 439 applications One in suitable embodiment.Each in these embodiments is formd when being positioned in the drill string shown in Fig. 1 in drill string It is electrically isolated gap or interruption.' 439 applications also disclose the underground interchangeable tools system to be formed and be electrically isolated gap, are used as this Shen Another useful embodiment that please be under background.

The component includes the pin end housing 200 with pin accessory 202, and pin accessory 202 defines through channel, cable 100 can extend out to carry out external electrical connections from the through channel.Box end housing 210 defines box accessory 212.Pin is matched somebody with somebody The accessory that part 202 and box accessory 212 can be segmented with drilling pipe on (drilling pipe segmentation constitutes drill string 16) be matched so that isolator can be with Any desired joint inserted in drill string.Isolator also includes and each in pin boss body end 200 and box shell end 210 Transmission dental inlay (drive dog) housing 220 of engagement, wherein transmission dental inlay housing is electrically coupled to the pin boss body in whole component. Pin boss body end, box shell end and transmission dental inlay housing in the present embodiment are generally made up of suitable high-strength material, example Such as, 4340,4140,4142 and 15-15HS or Monel K 500 (wherein latter two is non magnetic high-strength alloy), this It is because these parts are by potential unfavorable subsurface environment and relatively extreme power.Based on multiple electric isolution components 270 Dispose (can be any suitable shape), box end housing 210 and pin end housing 200 are electrically isolated to limit electrics isolution/exhausted Intermarginal gap.

It should be understood that any suitably-arranged can be used on drill string in order to couple a signal to, and in order to realize by Signal is not considered as restricted coupled to the details of the concrete structure on illustrating embodiment of drill string.For example, in title For " INGROUND DRILL STRING HOUSING AND METHOD FOR SIGNAL COUPLING " Serial No. No.13/035, describes another suitably-arranged using current transformer, passes through the side of reference in 833 US patent applications The full content of the patent application is incorporated to by formula.In the latter applies, current transformer is supported by ground lower house, ground lower house Electronic packing piece can also be supported.In addition, prior art includes the example that at least statement sets the other arrangements for being electrically isolated gap. By example, US patents No.7,649,474 describe using the glass for being for example configured with metal end in the row of third column the 33rd to 42 The straightforward procedure of electric isolution segmentation in the material formation drill string of glass fiber segmentation.

Fig. 4 is perspective illustration view, shows the subsurface tool 20 in boring bar tool form, and it has drill bit 50.In order to The disclosure, coupling adapter/isolator 60 or other suitably-arrangeds are installed as with well-surface part 400 and underground part 402 Drill string a part.The underground part of drill string can include any suitable ground lower house 54 (such as drill bit housing) and/or One or more intervention drilling pipes that isolator 60 is connected to the ground into lower house are segmented (not shown).In this example, ground lower house It is drill bit or boring bar tool.Cable 100 can extend to electronic packing piece 56 to receive with drill string in the through channel of drill string Send out device 64 (Fig. 1) telecommunication.Depending on specific embodiment, the conductor of cable 100 can for example be connected to current transformer or Connected in the way of bridging and being electrically isolated gap.As discussed above, drilling fluid can flow to reach the ground of drill string around electronics kit Lower distal end (such as drill bit).In the illustrated embodiment, in order to from transceiver 64 (Fig. 1) transmission signal 66, ground lower house 54 Including groove 420.Coupling adapter 60 is removably attached to ground lower house 54, and ground lower house 54 itself is ready to removably attached It is connected to the distal end of drill string.

Fig. 5 is perspective illustration view, and it illustrates the subsurface tool 20 in reaming tool form, it includes removably attached It is connected to the reamer (reamer) 422 of an end of ground lower house 54.In this embodiment, in the same manner as in figure 4 separately Other places sets housing 54 and coupling adapter 60.When drill string draws reaming tool towards rig, in order to expand drilling, along arrow institute Draw reaming tool in the direction 424 shown.The attaching opposite ends of reaming tool are to an end of tension monitoring device 430.Tension force The opposed end of monitoring device can be attached to public utility (not shown), draw the public utility to incite somebody to action by the drilling of expansion The public utility is installed in the borehole.Tension monitoring device 430 measures the drawing put on during ream operation in public utility Power.A kind of suitable and highly advantageous tension monitoring device is described in US patents No.5,961,252, the United States Patent (USP) Belong to jointly with the application and be incorporated herein entire contents by way of reference.Tension monitoring device 430 can be passed Transmission of electricity magnetic signal 434, tension monitoring data can be modulated in electromagnetic signal 434.Signal 434 can be by transceiver 64 (Fig. 1) is received so that can use current transformer 160 (referring to Fig. 2) that corresponding data is placed on drill string to transmit to brill Machine.It should be understood that can be by transceiver 64 from any type of subsurface tool reception wireless signal, and describe tension force The present embodiment of monitoring device is not intended to limit.For example, plotting unit can be used to replace tension force in another embodiment Monitoring device.Such plotting unit can for example be operated using inertial navigation system (INS).

Fig. 6 is the block diagram for the embodiment for being further shown specifically electronic section 56.Part 56 can include the receipts for realizing Fig. 1 Hair device 64 realizes institute's functional underground digital signal processor 510.Sensor section 68 can be through changing from analog to numeral Device (ADC) 512 is electrically connected to digital signal processor 510.The sensor of any appropriate combination can be provided for given application, And it can for example be selected, be pressed from accelerometer 520, magnetometer 522, temperature sensor 524 and pressure sensor 526 Force snesor 526 can be sensed from drill string and/or before jet drilling well liquid in the annular region of the underground part of drill string The pressure of drilling fluid.Adapter/isolator 60 is diagrammatically shown as on the well of the underground part 402 of drill string and drill string Part 400 is separated, for use in sending mode (by data coupled on drill string) and reception pattern (recovering data from drill string) One of or both in.As illustrated, (can be common by reference numeral 528 by the first wire 528a and the second wire 528b Ground is represented) by electronic section be connected to by isolator formed be electrically insulated/isolated interruption two ends.In the reality using current transformer Apply in example, these wires can be connected to current transformer wire.On sending mode, it can use and be connected electrically in underground digital Antenna driver section between signal processor 510 and wire 528 divides 530 to directly drive drill string.Generally, in order to avoid interference, The frequencies different from for driving any frequency of dipole antenna 540 can be used to being adjusted coupled to the data in drill string System, dipole antenna 540 can launch above-mentioned signal 66 (Fig. 1).When antenna driver 530 disconnects, ON/(SW) 550 Wire 528 optionally can be connected to bandpass filter (BPF) 552, the center frequency that bandpass filter (BPF) 552 has Rate corresponds to the centre frequency of the data-signal received from drill string.BPF 552 is then connected to analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 554, analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 554 itself is connected to signal process part 510.It is specific in view of what is used The modulation of form, the recovery that those skilled in the art can be easily to modulated data in signal process part is carried out Configuration.

Referring still to Fig. 6, dipole antenna 540 can connect for use in sending mode that (signal 66 is sent to native around In ground) and reception pattern (receive such as Fig. 5 signal 434 electromagnetic signal) one of or the two in.On sending mode, 560 are divided to drive day using the antenna driver section being connected electrically between underground digital signal processor 510 and dipole antenna 540 Line.In addition, the frequency of signal 66 generally by the frequency for differing markedly from drill string signal to avoid interference therebetween.When antenna driving When device 560 disconnects, dipole antenna 540 optionally can be connected to bandpass filter (BPF) by ON/(SW) 570 572, the centre frequency that bandpass filter (BPF) 572 has corresponds to the centre frequency of the data-signal received from dipole antenna. BPF 572 is then connected to analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 574, and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 574 is connected to itself Signal process part 510.In view of the modulation of particular form used and in view of the complete disclosure, permitted Those of ordinary skill in the art can be easily to the transceiver electricity for signal process part in many suitable embodiments Sub- device is configured.In view of published teaching herein, setting shown in Fig. 6 can be changed in any suitable manner Meter.

With reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 7, the latter is the block diagram of the part for the embodiment that may be constructed ground transceiver devices, is received on the ground Hair device device is generally represented by reference numeral 600 and coupled to drill string 16.Ground current transformer 602 is for example positioned at brill On machine 14 so as to couple a signal to drill string 16 and/or from drill string 16 recover signal.Current transformer 602 can be electrically connected to For one of sending mode (modulating data on drill string) and reception pattern (recovering modulated data from drill string) or In both.Transceiver electronic packing piece 606 is connected to current transformer, and can be battery powered or be powered by rig and make Substantially an unbounded quantity of electric power can be obtained by obtaining.On this point, transimission power is usual always greater than the well being battery powered on well The downhole transmitted power of lower transceiver.Therefore, downhole transmitted power may be selected in downhole transmitted power bracket, downhole transmitted work( Rate scope uploads defeated power less than most The Small Well and make it that power is always greater than any selected downhole transmitted power on well.In a reality Apply in example, maximum downhole transmitted power can be with as little as 1 watt.Typically, it is difficult to obtain the maximum more than 5 watts on battery power Power.In one embodiment, higher-wattage water can be obtained by the energy from battery being stored by using ultracapacitor Flat (for example, 3 to 5 watts).However, due to the finite energy capacity of ultracapacitor, thus the work period is limited.Phase Than under, transimission power (even if being minimum value) can be 100 watts on well.For sending mode, using being connected electrically on the ground Antenna driver section point 610 between the summation current transformer 602 of digital signal processor 618 is with driving current transformer.In addition, being Avoid interference, can use it is different with the dipole antenna 540 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 6) being used in drivingly lower house 54 and with every Signal is driven to the different frequency of the frequency on the ground bottom of drill string to being adjusted coupled to the data in drill string from device 60 System.When antenna driver 610 disconnects, current transformer 602 optionally can be connected to band by ON/(SW) 620 Bandpass filter (BPF) 622, the centre frequency that bandpass filter (BPF) 622 has corresponds to from the data-signal of drill string reception Centre frequency.BPF 622 is then connected to analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 630, and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 630 is certainly Body is connected to signal process part 618.It should be understood that signal process part 618 and including transceiver on well Associated components, can form a part for the processing unit 46 (using shown in phantom) of rig, or in suitable interface 634 On be connected to processing unit 46.Transceiver 606 can send to subsurface tool and order, to realize various purposes, for example, control is passed Defeated power, selection modulating frequency, change data form (for example, reducing baud rate to increase decoding ranges) etc..In view of being adopted The modulation of particular form and in view of the complete disclosure, the ordinary skill in many suitable embodiments Personnel easily can configure to the transceiver electronics for signal process part.

Referring still to Fig. 1 and Fig. 7, in repeater embodiments, another underground isolator device 640 (is shown in dotted line Inframe) current transformer 602 is replaced together with another example of ground lower house 54.Device 640 can include according to the disclosure Underground adapter/isolator any suitable embodiment, it is included in another of the isolator that is used at subsurface tool Example.In the apparatus, the joint that isolator is connected to transceiver 606 (Fig. 6) and inserts drill string as unit is (logical Example is crossed, at 1000 feet of subsurface tool) in serviced in the way of repeater.Therefore, the segmentation 400 ' of drill string Isolator can be connected to rig, and the segmentation 402 ' of drill string is used as the isolation at isolator device 640 and subsurface tool The medial section of drill string between device 60.Repeater units for example may be inserted into be formed between Fig. 1 drilling pipe segmentation 1 and 2 Joint.It can be included in the box accessory of end and in relative end for the ground lower house in repeater applications Pin accessory.Certainly, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the adapter of box and pin accessory is it is known that and can hold Change places acquisition.In another embodiment, isolator device 640 may be inserted into joint, while repeater electronics are accommodated It is supported on by centralizer (centralizer) in the pressure measuring cylinder in the through channel of adjacent drilling pipe segmentation.In another implementation Example in, repeater electronics can be placed in the housing of end load or side loaded, and with isolator telecommunication Mode is inserted in drill string.The housing of this end or side loaded can include allowing drilling fluid to flow through passage therein.Certainly, In in these embodiments any one, repeater electronics can with consistent mode described above be electrically connected to every From device.In order to avoid signal is disturbed and by way of non-limiting example, repeater can be picked up with a carrier frequency Signal from subsurface tool or another repeater, and in order that signal can be distinguished each other, the repeater electronics can To transmit signal again on drill string with different carrier frequencies.As another example, suitable modulate so that letter can be used Number it can distinguish.It therefore, it can in being produced with the signal coupling apparatus telecommunication with isolator so as to the data-signal based on reception Repeater electronics packaging part is accommodated after any suitable mode of device signal (it is different from the data-signal of reception).

Notice now points to Fig. 8, and Fig. 8 is to show that the advanced two-way drill string generally represented by reference numeral 700 communicates The block diagram of the embodiment of system.System 700 includes transceiver 702 and downhole transceiver 704 on well.Transceiver 702 is usual on well The feature of Fig. 7 previously described transceiver 600 can at least be included, and downhole transceiver 704 can typically at least include Fig. 6 Previously described downhole transceiver 56 feature so that including the setting for launching positioning signal.Therefore, the two-way communication System can be on the drilling pipe/bar for constituting drill string 16 along both direction transmission data.Applicants have appreciated that, at least as example from The signal intensity (with cube being inversely proportional for distance) of the electromagnetic signal of dipole antenna 540 (Fig. 6) transmitting undergoes with distance and consumed Damage, therefore system 700 brings benefit by avoiding at least some signals from being emitted through ground.For giving transimission power, lead to Cross and be transmitted using drill string as electric conductor and will can obtain the increase of communication range.The technology being disclosed below provide via Drill string uses the further improvement of this two-way communication.

Applicants have appreciated that, challenged on transmitting electric signal by drill string in the presence of some.For example, rig can will come from it The electrical/electronic noise of system is electrically coupled in drill string.As another example, electromagnetic noise can for example from fiber optic cables Spread out of Deng related underground power line and tracker line along drilling well path.The noise can be coupled via the electric conductivity of soil To drill string.As another example, distorted signals may be due to constituting interconnection and drill string between the drilling rod of drill string, drilling rod Around soil and produce.Subsequent is discussed in detail the influence for the electric signal that drill string is carried in noise and distortion to describe signal Degenerate, propose to be related at least three kinds methods and relevant device that further enhance such communication system afterwards.As will be seen, These methods are related to：(1) Noise scan, (2) are balanced and receiver is trained or customized in (3).

It is as discussed above, electrical noise in drill string can from rig and/or via soil electric conductivity from the underground in soil Source (such as underground power line) is coupled to drill string.Surrounding environment of these noise independents at situ of drilling well, and therefore, with existing Difference and can change.Correspondingly, it is assumed that noise is represented by function n (t), and not only can has been broadband but also can be Arrowband.By nonrestrictive example, narrow-band noise includes the fundamental wave of 50 or 60 cycle power line noises, and broadband noise includes The harmonic wave of power line communication (PLC), motor controller noise and 50 or 60 cycle power line frequencys.

Distortion can be due to the electric parasitic antenna that is introduced by drilling rod (such as the interconnection between drilling rod) and from drilling rod week The electric conductivity of the soil enclosed and produce.Fig. 9 shows that one of the drill string generally represented in soil by reference numeral 720 is approximate Model.Drill string is made up of N number of drilling rod, and the electric conductivity of soil is at least difficult to define to a certain extent, however, it can lead to Cross the model close approximation shown.This electric model can be indicated by following mathematics Laplce's expression formula：

Wherein a_iIt is constant and electric parasitic resistor and capacitor and the electric conductivity of soil by model are defined, For example, shown in fig .9.Term " channel " refers to what is extended in downhole transceiver 704 and well between transceiver 702 Interconnect the All Paths length of drilling pipe segmentation.Hereafter, channel can refer to the electrical characteristics of whole drill string.Equation EQ (1) can claim For the transmission function of channel.Equation EQ (1) can be expressed in the form of being more familiar with as shown below：

Equation EQ (2) discloses channel and acts on transmission as band limiting filter (band limiting filter) On signal.Equation EQ (2) has time-domain expression, as follows：

WhereinRefer to inverse Laplace transformation.Noise and distortion and the drilling pipe by constituting drill string will be hereafter discussed It is segmented the interaction of the electric signal carried.

Notice now points to Figure 10 a and Figure 10 b, Figure 10 a and Figure 10 b to be shown on the He of downhole transceiver 704 respectively The block diagram of the details of transceiver 702 on well.Primitively, it should be noted that the transmitter 800 of transceiver 702 can be on well Any suitable type, for example, using the configuration of H bridge for driving current transformer 602 (Fig. 7).Generated by transmitter 800 Signal (can use the receiver of any suitable type, it may for example comprise coupling by the receiver 802 in downhole transceiver 704 To the front-end protection circuit of low-noise preamplifier, follow and be coupled to simulation to numeral after low-noise preamplifier The bandpass filter of converter and digital signal processor) received.In this regard, it should be noted that such Receiver is generally used for receiving positioning signal 66.On transmitter 800 and receiver 802, Applicants have realized that, in order to wear The communication of downhole transceiver is passed to, substantially quantity-unlimiting power can be obtained at rig, as discussed further below. Transmitter portion 802 in downhole transceiver 704 receives the sensing data 812 for being converted into digital form.Sensing data by Data encoder/encryption part 810 is encoded and encrypted.In this regard it should be understood that data encryption is not required 's.Although embodiment described herein uses the modification of phase-shift keying (PSK) by non-limiting example, it is to be understood, however, that The modulation of any suitable form be currently available or untapped can be used, while still relying on disclosed herein Teaching.Other appropriate modulation schemes include such as frequency shift keying (FSK) and Synchronization.Multiplexer 910 then can So that data optionally are coupled into MPSK (multiple phase shift keying) modulator 912, to be modulated on carrier wave.MPSK modulators can To perform 2^MPhase-modulation, wherein M={ 1,2,3,4 }.Then multiplexer 914 can select to be used to be electromagnetically coupled to drill string On modulated signal.Coupled signal can have the mathematic(al) representation of following form：

Wherein P_TIt is transimission power, f_cIt is carrier frequency, θ_kIt is the carrier phase for representing data bit, and d (t) is base band Signal.If for example, M=1, then MPSK becomes BPSK (binary phase shift keying), wherein according to following mapping binary number According to：

Or

As another example, for M=2, MPSK is changed into QPSK (QPSK), and it is by two binary data Bit mapping is into one in four phases.Two positions have been illustrated below to carrier phase { θ_kQPSK a kind of mapping：

Correspondingly, four carrier phase values represent four data symbols in QPSK embodiments.

In equation EQ (4a), d (t) is expressed as follows the baseband signal of restriction：

Wherein T_bIt is bit duration, and p (t) can be defined as follows：

In response to transmission of the electric signal on drill string, signal reaches receiver (for example, in the relative end of drill string Place) when decay because of noise and distortion.The signal received of decay can be described as follows with mathematical way：

Wherein P_L<1 represents transmission signal in drilling pipe segmentation is propagated through by the work(for example leaked in conductive soil Rate is consumed.Term n (t) represents the noise being incorporated into from surrounding environment on drill string, and noise increases to transmission signal.Function f (t) tables Show the baseband waveform by channel distortion and can be defined as follows：

Wherein * refers to convolution algorithm, and d (t) is defined in EQ (5a), and c (t) is defined in EQ (3).For example, On signal arrival well defined in equation EQ (6a) at transceiver 702, signal can be solved at transceiver 702 on well Decoding is reconciled to recover base band binary data { cos (θ_k),sin(θ_k)}。

Figure 10 b are the block diagrams for showing the embodiment of transceiver 702 on well.In this embodiment, transceiver includes well on well Upper receiver 1000.The latter may be positioned so that via multiplexer 1002 and using the suitable coupling of such as current transformer 602 Attach together to put and optionally communicated with drill string 16.Receiver 1000 include carrier tracking loop and demodulator 1004, carrier tracking loop and Demodulator 1004 tracks the carrier frequency and phase of signal received, then consistently/synchronously demodulate carrier wave.Certainly, select The carrier tracking loop and demodulator of fixed particular type and the modulator complementation in downhole transceiver.Data can also be used Conversion tracking ring (DTTL) 1006 carrys out trace bit timing conversion so that can be with the increased degree of accuracy to { cos (θ_k),sin(θ_k)} Decoded.So, in this embodiment, the simultaneously operating of receiver can strengthen the communication capacity of its own on well.It is synchronous Detection provide at least the benefit using the signal detection of more narrow bandwidth relatively.Using with data encoder on well and decipher 810 complementary data decoder/deciphers 1008.Channel width and SNR estimator 1010 can be with tracking bandwidths and signal to noise ratio Inverse relation.For example, as distance increases, the level of signal consume correspondingly increases.In order in the case where increasing distance Maintain given signal to noise ratio, it usually needs reduce bandwidth and/or increase signal power (if bigger power can be obtained).On The communication being segmented on enhancing underground and well between transceiver via drilling pipe, can take addition thereto to be made an uproar further to reduce Sound and the influence of distortion.Such as it is discussed further below, these measures can include but is not limited to：(1) Noise scan, (2) are balanced, with And the application of (3) training sequence.

Noise scan

With reference to Figure 10 a, the electrical noise that drill string 16 is carried can greatly reduce the useful scope of transmission signal.In one embodiment In, drill string signal can be avoided to be transmitted on containing noisy frequency.Therefore, which Noise scan instrument 1012 can determine Frequency noise is minimum.It should be noted that Noise scan instrument 1012 is also shown in figure 10b in illusory form.Because on well Noise and downhole noise are very different, therefore can provide and use one or two in these Noise scan instrument.Can be with Determine which frequency contains noise and which frequency does not contain noise using any one of many appropriate methods.Pass through Non-limiting example, for example, FFT (Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)), DFT can be used on any desired bandwidth or with preset frequency (discrete Fourier transform) or PSD (power spectral density) determine noise spectrum.In this regard, belong to jointly in 2009 years The US Patent Application Publications No.2011-0001633 (US Serial No. No.12/497,990) submitted July 6 full content It is incorporated herein by way of reference, which depict the technology for determining noise spectrum.In this application, on well and well , can more effectively swept noise in the case that transmitter in lower transceiver disconnects.Disconnect and assume to sample in transmitter Frequency (sample number per second) F_sThe noise signal n (t) represented in EQ (6a) is sampled, thenFFT For

Equation EQ (7) can provide the big of at least in the bandwidth of [- 0.5Fs, the 0.5Fs] noise as frequency function It is small.Expected frequency for transmission can be with minimum value | R (f) |²Obtain frequency.

In another embodiment, Noise scan instrument 1012 can include wave filter group, for example, one group of bandpass filter or One group of Goertzel wave filter, for determining which frequency contains noise in a class frequency and which frequency does not contain noise. The bandwidth for each wave filter for constituting wave filter group can be customized in any suitable manner.From k-th of filtering of wave filter group The noise power that device is measured is

Because each wave filter in wave filter group may be at frequency interested, therefore produce P_nMinimum value Wave filter may select for the minimum frequency of noise.It should be understood that the wave filter of any suitable type can be used, as long as The wave filter provides the ability for determining the power at specific frequency or in frequency band.By non-limiting example, suitable wave filter Embodiment include FIR (finite impulse response (FIR)) and IIR (IIR) wave filter.

Distorted signals is corrected

In view of the above discussion, it has been suggested that：At least for actual angle, the letter being made up of the drilling pipe segmentation of removable attachment The behavior in road is as band limiting filter (for example, FIR (finite impulse response (FIR)) wave filter).Transmission signal causes on this channel Distortion, such as EQ (6a) and EQ (6b) are shown.Applicants have appreciated that, the distortion of the type expands baseband waveform.Such phenomenon It is referred to as intersymbol interference (ISI), and with the effect of reduction signal to noise ratio (SNR), this shortens transceiver on underground and well Between the useful scope that communicates.Compensation response can be used to correct ISI, compensation response can be implemented by using balanced device. As will be seen, balanced device includes equalizer response, and the equalizer response can be customized based on one group of equalizer coefficients, be made Obtain equalizer response and be applicable to range of variables in channel transfer functions.In fact, balanced device is considered receiver Another FIR filter (also known as deconvolution filter) at place, by between estimate and data measured based on channel response Poor least mean-square error (MMSE) determine coefficient.With reference to Figure 10 b, same-phase balanced device 1014 and quadrature phase balanced device 1016 optionally receive the symbol input from switching part 108, and switching part 108 is switched in response to DTTL 1006. Switched over typically for the present embodiment in 90 degree of increments.Other embodiments can use suitable but different switching to increase Amount.Assuming that the signal received unsuccessful demodulation so that base band data is recovered, equation EQ (6a) be reduced to same-phase and Quadrature phase component：

Wherein b (k) is that the channel based on FIR functions is approximate.It should be understood that can be right with symbol rate (referring to EQ (4c)) EQ (9a) and EQ (9b) are handled.Character " * " refers to process of convolution.

Desirably estimate or characterize the coefficient b (k) for bandwidth efficient channel.In embodiment, by gathering r_IOr r (k)_Q (k) N+1 sampling can determine coefficient b (k).It should be understood that any one can be used, because channel coefficients b (k) It is identical in both cases.Accordingly it is not required to use r_IAnd r (k)_QBoth (k) channel response b (k) is determined.Accordingly Ground,

In the form of vectors (that is, in N+1 sampling), equation EQ (10) can be write as：

r_I(k)=H_I(k)b(k)+n_I(k) EQ(11a)

r_Q(k)=H_Q(k)b(k)+n_Q(k) EQ(11b)

Wherein r_IAnd r (i)_Q(i) it is (N+1) column vector, H_IAnd H (i)_Q(i) it is (N+1) × Metzler matrix, and n_IAnd n (i)_Q (i) it is (N+1) column vector.In equation EQ (11a) and EQ (11b) form, the minimum discussed in appendix A can be used Square error (MMSE) standard solves channel coefficients b (k).It is expressed as once estimatingChannel coefficients b (k), can be under The equation in face determines data symbol cos (θ_k) (there is minimum ISI)：

It note that d (k) is always 1 for all k values, therefore omit it from aforesaid equation for clarity.Can be with Using equation EQ (12) general type to determine sin (θ_k) or cos (θ_k) (that is, the data symbol in orthogonal channel) Minimum ISI.Equation EQ (6a) same-phase and quadrature phase component can be handled individually as discussed above, or be located together Reason.Equation EQ (9a) and EQ (9b) can be write as plural form again so that EQ (6a) same-phase and quadrature phase component It can handle simultaneously.In plural form, equation EQ (9a) and EQ (9b) can be write as

r_c(k)=z (k) * b (k)+n (k) EQ (13a)

Wherein

N (k)=n_I(k)+n_Q(k) EQ(13c)

WhereinIn vector form, equation EQ (13a) can be write as：

r_c(k)=Z (k) b (k)+n (k) EQ (14)

It is the matrix that size is (N+1) × M now to please note Z (k).Can be true using the equation EQ (A13) in appendix A Determine channel coefficients b (k).Similarly, the complex data symbols z (k) shown in equation EQ (13b) can be defined below：

The equation EQ (A13) in appendix A can be used to determine complex data symbols z (k).

In general, the ISI caused by FIR channels can be corrected by using balanced device.Figure 11 a and Figure 11 b are to illustrate Mode show general embodiments available for two balanced devices under Figure 10 b backgrounds., it is necessary to note in MPSK example , the phase be the same as Example of balanced device is generally used for same-phase and quadrature phase balanced device.The first balanced device 1200 in Figure 11 a It is linear channel equalizer, it is used containing noisy current and preceding measurement result r_IOr r (k)_QOr r (k)_c(k) with elimination ISI。

Figure 11 b show that as second balanced device 1300 of non-habitual decision-feedback (DFE) balanced device it uses preceding Estimated data position improves ISI elimination.DFE includes feedforward filter 1302, threshold dector 1304 and feedback filter 1308.Feedforward filter 1302 and feedback filter 1308 are used as linear component, and detector 1304 introduces the non-thread of wave filter Property element.In embodiment and by non-limiting example, threshold dector can be set if voltage is more than or equal to zero For logic level 1, threshold dector could be arranged to logic level -1 if voltage is less than zero.Feedback filter 1308 it is defeated Enter the position of the last determination of self-detector 1304.By the way that the output of feedback filter 1308 is increased to from feedforward filtering The output of device 1302, can reduce ISI from estimation position.Balanced device 1300 exports the soft estimation 1310 of each data bit and every The hard limiter estimation 1312 of individual data bit." soft " data bit is referred to can be by any suitable magnitude of voltage or any suitable The position that amplitude is represented.For example, soft estimated data position can have the value of {+a ,-b }, wherein " a " represents any voltage or amplitude, And b represents any voltage or amplitude.That is, soft estimation position is not binary system, and can be characterized as restraining in balanced device 1300 When meet one in multiple different values of least mean-square error condition.By the difference for obtaining output 1310 and transmission data sequence Average value can use formula expression least mean-square error.On the other hand, " hard limiter " data bit is binary system, and refer to It is the position (being previously soft estimation position) represented by one group of only two value.For example, hard limiter estimation position can have only+1 or- 1 } or {+A or-A } value, wherein A is amplitude or magnitude of voltage.The soft estimation of the data bit exported from balanced device can be provided to soft Adjudicate forward error correction (FEC) decoder.It can be provided to hard decision fec decoder device from the hard limiter estimation position that balanced device is exported Or data deciphering-encryption equipment., can be with when known to the environment provided as communication channel and when expecting the environment relative quiescent/stabilization The front feeding transfer function F (z) of feedforward filter 1302 and the feedback transfer function D (z) of feedback filter 1308 are determined in advance, are made Non-habitual balanced device can be used by obtaining.

Another form of balanced device is adaptability equalizer, and its judgement exported dependent on balanced device or training sequence come The coefficient of front feeding transfer function and feedback transfer function to balanced device is updated.Figure 12 a are generally by reference numeral The block diagram of the embodiment of the 1400 adaptability feed forward equalizers represented.In the present embodiment, balanced device is adapted to based on hard-limiting One selected in device output 1312 or the communication channel transmission letter for passing through training bit sequence 1404 (displaying that in figure loa) Number.Training bit sequence can be obtained via the switch 1408 schematically shown.Feedforward filter 1410 connects from communication port Receive input 1412.It should be understood that feedforward filter 1410 is different from Figure 11 b feedforward filter 1302, this at least because The coefficient of wave filter 1410 is adaptable to the communication channel transmission function changed.The coefficient of wave filter 1410 can be adjusted with will be defeated Enter error signal 1414 to drive to least mean-square error (MSE) value.Diagrammatically represent to be fed forward wave filter by oblique line 1410 using to adjust the error signal of its coefficient, and the oblique line passes through feedforward filter.It is defeated by the hard limiter from balanced device Go out bit sequence or training bit sequence (setting for depending on switch 1408) subtracts soft estimation 1310 and forms error signal 1414.Work as tune When saving the coefficient of wave filter 1410, it will tend to restrain or tend to diverging as the MSE of the error signal 1414 of the function of time To show negative slope or positive slope respectively.When the MSE of error signal 1414 shows positive slope, the adaptability of wave filter or can To restart using less regulation step-length or training sequence can be used.When the MSE of error signal 1414 shows negative oblique During rate (that is, the MSE of error is intended to less and less), the adaptability convergence of the coefficient of feedforward filter 1410.When being used as the time When the MSE of the error signal 1414 of function is level (that is, slope is zero), then filter feedforward using least mean-square error value Device 1410 is restrained and suitable for communication channel transmission function.When using training sequence and in the adaptable process using training sequence Period, when the adaptability of balanced device occurs, transmitter over the communication channels must launch identical training sequence to reception Device.

Using training bit sequence (rather than estimation bit sequence), adaptively regulation F (z) coefficient can provide balanced device More preferable accuracy and better performance, even in the case of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).However, it should be borne in mind that being Unite between end is extremely held trains interval to be special using during training bit sequence.That is, in order to be trained process on well and Cooperation is needed between downhole transceiver, because training sequence is transmitted to well transceiver by downhole transceiver, or it is on the contrary It is as the same.If training sequence can be transmitted to underground it should be understood that downhole transceiver includes transmitter on balanced device, well Transceiver.On the other hand, if the hard limiter output 1312 of balanced device is used to adjust feed forward equalizer 1410 to tune F (z) Coefficient, then the special training time is unwanted.

Figure 12 b are the embodiments of adaptability decision-feedback (DFE) balanced device represented on the whole by reference numeral 1500 Block diagram, the balanced device has used training sequence 1404 and has used switch 1408 hard as balanced device 1400 in order to feed back It can be switched between limiter output 1312 and training sequence 1404.Balanced device 1500 is to include feedback filter 1504 DFE balanced devices.It should be understood that feedback filter 1504 is different from Figure 11 b feedback filter 1308, this is at least because The hard limiter carry-out bit 1312 or training bit sequence of weighing apparatus can be alternatively used for forming error signal 1508, error signal 1508 are subsequently used for adaptively tuning feedback filter D (z) 1504 coefficient.Using error signal 1508 according to communication channel The change of response adaptively tunes feedforward filter F (z) 1410 and feedback filter D (z) 1504.Depending on switch 1408 Set by exporting 1312 from the hard limiter of balanced device or subtracting soft estimation output 1310 from training sequence 1404, can be with public affairs Formula expresses error signal 1508.Then error signal 1508 is fed to filter D (z) and F (z), by through F (z) 1410 and D (z) 1504 oblique line or vertical line are schematically shown, the coefficient of wherein F (z) and D (z) wave filters is retuned to miss Difference signal 1508 is driven to minimum value.The minimum value is properly termed as least mean-square error (MMSE).When MMSE increases, wave filter Coefficient be considered as diverging.In such a case it is possible to using less renewal step-length or by using for adaptive training Sequence resets and restarted the process.When MMSE reduces, the coefficient of wave filter is considered as convergence.When over time or During the change MMSE of sample index (sample index) curve straight (that is, slope is at least essentially a zero), then wave filter F (z) it is considered as convergence with D (z) coefficient, and mean square error signal 1508 considered to be in minimum.When the selection instruction of switch 1408 Practice sequence when, by by input error signal 1508 (by the oblique line or vertical line through F (z) 1410 and D (z) 1504 with the side of diagram Formula is represented) drive the coefficient for adaptively tuning F (z) and D (z) according to the communication channel transmission function of change to minimum value. When balanced device on well in transceiver is trained using training sequence, identical is trained sequence by downhole transceiver also by channel Biographies transport to transceiver on well.In another embodiment, downhole transceiver can include passive balanced device (subject Equalizer) so that transceiver transmits training sequence to downhole transceiver on well.In such embodiments, received and dispatched on well Device can include the element part represented by Figure 10 a, and downhole transceiver can include the element part represented by Figure 10 b. That is, any kind of balanced device described herein can be arranged on well and downhole transceiver in.Again, MPSK's In example, it should be noted that the phase be the same as Example of balanced device is generally used for same-phase and quadrature phase balanced device.

In one embodiment, if ISI is mainly caused by drilling pipe, noise considerations is not being introduced and need not obtained , can be with by predefining channel transfer functions in the case of the data (being influenceed in drilling environment by ambient noise) measured The channel model (that is, transmission function) for drilling pipe is developed in advance.In this case, channel transfer functions are the electrical characteristics of drilling pipe With the function of the quantity of pipe in drill string.It therefore, it can develop channel transfer functions in advance, such as equation EQ (1), EQ (2) and EQ (3) shown in.

Receiver is trained

In one embodiment, the communication system of the disclosure can be using at least for training receiver on Figure 10 b well The training sequence 1404 of balanced device in 702.It should be noted that training sequence is also shown in Figure 12 a and Figure 12 b balanced device In.In order to strengthen communication, multiple receiver parameters can be determined by the process.Channel width determines frequency range or effectively arrived The bandwidth of transceiver on up to well.Then the possible frequencies that identifying system can be operated are as parameter so that fall into the channel width Interior lowest noise frequency can be used for communicating.Other parameters include transimission power and consumed and noise power, and it can determine underground Transmitter is at least used for being transmitted into the minimum power of receiver on well.It should be understood that by still keeping enough reliable communications While operated with minimum power, it is possible to achieve battery life significantly increases in downhole transceiver.Desirably selection has The length L of following auto-covariance training sequence：

Wherein t (i) refers to training sequence, and T_bIt is bit duration.In order that training is effective, receiver includes position The copy of the training sequence 1404 (Figure 10 b) of form.Transmitted by training sequence to receiver, receiver is then in channel The copy of training sequence can be used in the calculating of transmission function and receiver signal to noise ratio (SNR), with the training sequence received Row are compared.That is, storage training sequence and from balanced device export the training sequence received between difference.Once by mistake Poor (difference between training sequence and estimated sequence) reaches LMS least mean square, and it is balanced that training sequence can be also used for training adaptation Device.Figure 12 a and Figure 12 b show how adaptability equalizer uses training sequence.Once adaptability equalizer reaches most preferably, most Small error solution, it is possible to estimate channel width as follows：

WhereinIt is the discrete Fourier transform of the transmission function of balanced device.Assuming that data component and noise component(s) are orthogonal And show zero mean, then it can determine the receiving power for data component.Assuming that balanced device has reached optimum solution, it is exported It can be approximated to be：

It should be noted thatIt is the estimation of the training sequence z (k) defined in equation EQ (13b), and when equal When weighing apparatus reaches optimum solution, estimation and training sequence are at least roughly equal.Therefore, the power of component of signal can be defined below：

WhereinIt is stored in the training sequence at receiver.Receiving power for noise component(s) can be determined It is as follows：

It note that d (k) is always 1 for all k values, therefore omit it in EQ (20) for clarity.In side In formula EQ (20), second and item be training sequence auto-correlation, therefore it can determine in advance.In addition, passing through data component With noise component(s) for it is orthogonal and with zero mean it is assumed that the result in EQ (20) can be obtained.According to respectively in EQ (19) Determined with the signal to noise ratio being used at the receiving power of data component and noise component(s), receiver limited in EQ (20), such as Under：

By training receiver balance device, determining channel width and received signal to noise ratio, the transmission frequency of transmitter and transmitting Power water can averagely set to provide reliable and power efficient communication between transmitter and receiver.

System operatio

Notice now points to Figure 13 a, and Figure 13 a show the implementation of the method generally represented by reference numeral 1700 Example, it is at least applicable to start and reinitialize system in response to error condition.This method starts from being powered at 1702. Upon power-up and on well and in the case of downhole transmitter disconnection, 1704, downhole transceiver uses side discussed above One kind (for example, method described in the above-mentioned US Patent Application Publications No.2011-0001633 being incorporated to) scanning in method Noise.It should be noted that in another embodiment, Noise scan instrument can be on well in transceiver.Noise scan it Afterwards, 1706, the transceiver comprising appropriate Noise scan instrument can select to be defined as the transmission frequency containing minimal noise. 1708, selected frequency is subsequently used for sending commands to downhole transceiver, wherein reaching it with enough power.As above It is described, applicants have appreciated that, substantially quantity-unlimiting power can be obtained at rig so that only by using enough transimission powers It almost can always set up the communication from rig to subsurface equipment.In one embodiment, transceiver at least initially can be with well Carry out firing order using emission maximum device power.Some embodiments can include the peak power in the range of 2 watts at least 10 watts. Some embodiments with the configuration of signal coupling apparatus and electronic device on rig based on can be included for example up to 100 watts even Higher peak power.1708, the command recognition downhole transceiver is used to being transferred back into training sequence into the well at rig The frequency that transceiver should be used.1710, downhole transceiver can for example use its emission maximum device power to transmit training sequence Row.Transceiver trains its receiver balance device in response to the training sequence on 1712, well, determines received signal to noise ratio, and The bandwidth of channel is determined, as described above.1714, if equalizer training fails, it is new to select that operation is back to 1706 Transmission frequency, the then repeatedly subsequent step of this method.By non-limiting example, failure to train judgement at 1712 can be with Based on Packet Error Ratio, signal to noise ratio or its any suitable combination.By non-limiting example, in the signal with transmitting to drill string Under the related any background specifically described herein of quality, the appropriate threshold for setting up improper performance can be for SNR 5dB, and can be 0.2 (20 percent) for Packet Error Ratio/bit error rate.In one embodiment, operation can be back to 1704 are scanned with repetitive noise, because ambient noise conditions may change from after last time Noise scan. In another embodiment, operator can be provided with option, to set transmission frequency etc. manually in response to failure to train Parameter and/or during operation any time manual override (override) automatic frequency selection.In response to successfully training or Manual override, transceiver has at least set up possible transmission frequency on 1716, well, and which type of symbol is downhole transceiver should use Data transfer rate and which type of transmitter power should be used to set to realize reliable communication, while saving the power of battery.These are total Knot is as follows：

● selection is located in channel width (being described by EQ (16)) and the transmission frequency containing minimal noise.

● selection uses the symbol rate less than channel width.

● select emitter power causes SNR>1.

1716, operating parameter is transmitted to downhole transceiver.Parameter selection can one group complete select automatically Parameter either automatically and manually selectes any combination of parameter.As the example of the latter, frequency can be manually selected, and Automatically select all other parameter.Further, can be to automatically selected parameter in view of the value of selected parameter manually Value is adjusted.Normal operating can be carried out 1720.For example, once downhole transceiver is configured with these parameters, underground transmitting-receiving Device can then start upwards to transmit sensing data (Figure 10 a) to rig.It should be understood that during operation at a predetermined interval (for example, with predetermined length of drill string and/or with predetermined time interval) automatically repetitive routine 1700.In one embodiment, Training can be performed in 100 feet of (but any suitable distance can be used) extended spots of drill string, and training can be Carried out based on the dynamic of communication channel.Further, operator can be provided with and manually select to start this at any time Method.In one embodiment, 1722, transceiver detection communication it can be consumed or some journeys on well during continuing to operate The decay of degree.By non-limiting example, Packet Error Ratio can be monitored to detect signal attenuation.For example by monitoring in pack arrangement Sync bit can set up the bit error rate (BER) immediately.In certain embodiments, the signal attenuation more than one side can be monitored, For example, BER and SNR.Any suitable technology be currently available or untapped can for monitoring signals quality.Should Understand, when being modulated with appropriate data to positioning signal 66, it is fixed that such error rate monitoring is readily applicable to Position signal 66.In response to the detection, operation is back to Noise scan 1704.Otherwise, normal operating is restarted 1720.

Battery life and communication optimization

As by described above proved, applicants have appreciated that, downhole transceiver can be using enough on drill string 16 Transimission power maintains to communicate with sufficiently reliable level.As indicated in by Figure 13 a, if subsurface transceiver is due to distance And/or surface condition and by enough loss of datas, then transceiver indicates that downhole transceiver is adopted either individually or in combination on well Taking any amount of action to realize improves the purpose of communication.Obtainable action, which includes (1), increases transimission power, and (2) are selected not Same transmission frequency, and (3) change the baud rate for the data transmitted upwards to drill string, therefore exchange baud rate to increase noise Than.Individually or in any suitable combination it can be taken action with significantly flexibility using these.For example, Figure 13 a step Rapid 1706 can initially select that the transmission frequency of lowest noise can be obtained.Based on training sequence, step 1712 can determine to wrap by mistake Rate.If Packet Error Ratio is too high, baud rate can be specified to lower value, and the failure to train at 1714 can return to program To 1706, new iteration is carried out with relatively low baud rate.

A kind of method on increasing the operating time when using underground battery is to increase the size of battery.With reference to Fig. 1 and In one embodiment, for example it can carry battery component to provide the available horsepower of enough levels by pipe segmentation N.However, closing Addition thereto can also be taken in saving the power of battery.

With reference to Fig. 1, transceiver 64 can transmit dipole signal 66 by ground, for example to carry out ground positioning and depth Detection.Certainly, the power of battery that the transmission of dipole signal will be expended in downhole transceiver.As an example, idol ought energetically be driven During the antenna of pole, the battery consumption of typical about 0.35 watt of dipole coil transmitter increase.When not driving antenna or not by signal coupling When being bonded on drill string, the power consumption of transceiver 64 can fall to approximately 0.15 watt, while still allowing for power is used for sensor With processing activity.The power consumption of downhole transceiver 704 (Figure 10 a), which will increase about moderate 0.1 watt, to be used to drive drill string, example Such as, coupled a signal to using current transformer or electric isolution gap on drill string.

With reference to Figure 13 b, the flow chart represented by reference numeral 1730, which is shown, dynamically and automatically controls positioning signal Transmission method embodiment.1732, whether walking locator in ground automatically monitors ground walking locator in sharp Living or disabled status.The locator being active energetically is received and uses positioning signal.However, in disabled status Under, locator can stop the part for detection and the processing for being related to positioning signal and/or processing.Can be in any suitable manner It is monitored.For example, accelerometer 520 (Fig. 6) can easily detect any movement of locator.If based on accelerometer Reading determine locator a period of time (for example, two minutes) in do not move, then can call or reaffirm disabled status.As Another example, for example, can use ultrasonic sensor to detect the close degree of locator and ground.If locator is quiet Only rest upon in continuing relatively short period (for example, two minutes) on surface (such as the earth's surface), then can call or Reaffirm disabled status.Once detecting state change, operation is carried out to 1734, now can be by state instruction via telemetered signal 92 (Fig. 1) are transmitted to rig, and telemetered signal 92 represents new activation/disabled status.In response to new state instruction, 1736, Current state can be presented on one or more of system display, as will be described further.

With reference to Figure 13 c and with reference to Figure 13 b, the former shows the embodiment of screenshot capture, and the screenshot capture is in response to step 1736 can be presented on display 1740 and can represent the screen 44 at rig, the screen 86 on device 80 and/or be Any suitable display in system 10.Display can show the current activation selected automatically or the disabled status of positioning signal 1742, and activation/disabling positioning signal override selection 1744 can be further provided for select between activation and disabled status Switch to selecting property positioning signal 66.This manually selects any automatically selected current state available for override positioning signal. In 1746, monitoring override selection.If selecting override, the current state of positioning signal does not change, and operates return To 1732.If non-selected override, operation is carried out to 1748, states new activation/disabled status.Operation is then return to 1732.Activation/disabled status on display 44 in response to changing rig, can transmit order to underground downwards from drill string Transceiver 56 (Fig. 6) enables downhole transceiver to respond appropriately to.If operator recognizes that mancarried device will lose With the telemetry communication of rig, then operator can ensure that positioning signal is set into state of activation before remote measurement loses.At it In the case of it, operator can be selected with using override selection 1742.For example, operator may want to locator being placed in ground On static position and on locator display observe boring bar tool process.If positioning signal is changed into disabling, Operator can use override to select 1744, so that downhole transceiver restarts to transmit positioning signal.When drilling rod increases to brill Override selection 1744 is also useful during post, because this can include considerable time section.Many operator's selections are in increase Position and the depth of boring bar tool are confirmed before drilling rod.After the confirmation is completed, or at rig or portable navigation system Operator can indicate that positioning signal enters disabling to save down-hole battery power.

Correspondingly, except non-positive needs transceiver 702 on dipole signal 66 (for example, obtaining depth survey), well to order Downhole transceiver 704 is made to disconnect dipole antenna transmitter to save the power of battery.Applicants have appreciated that, according to disclosed herein Teaching, when not transmitting dipole signal and not using as the data transfer of electric signal to drill string, it is possible to achieve at least 20% Power save.In this regard, the relation between battery life and power save is typically nonlinear so that power save The notable greater percentage of increase of battery life can be converted into.In addition, downhole transceiver or distant station (if use) can To recognize the characteristic for the dipole signal for reaching locator 80, therefore it is held in position the depth accuracy of device.Therefore, based on neighbouring Drilling environment (for example, extreme depths or high-caliber noise/interference), the power save that can change dipole signal immediately is special Property.When that can not carry out ground walking positioning (for example, during river crossing), transceiver can even indicate that underground is received on well Hair device disconnects dipole antenna until further notifying to save the power of battery, thus forces downhole transceiver at least to stop positioning letter Number 66 (Fig. 6) transmission is to start the disabling pattern of positioning signal.

The problem of in order to solve in terms of power saving, downhole transceiver be configurable in response in some period not Mobile detection and enter park mode.The period can be based on default time period (for example, 10 minutes) and/or can be It is programmable.During park mode, downhole transceiver, which can be monitored, to be orientated towards angle and detects and wake up in response to rotation. In one embodiment, using receiver 802 (Figure 10 a), downhole transceiver can periodically listen for drill string and be come with checking on artesian well Any order of transceiver, and waken up in response to detecting order.After waking up, downhole transceiver can restart Equal state of the positioning signal when it enters dormancy.The latter runs into mechanical difficulties in such as rig and can not in some period It is also useful in the case of operation.In the case where drill rod breaking and downhole transceiver enter dormancy, by promote drill string with The communication via drill string can be maintained by reducing the gap for crossing over fracture and restarting communication.It is then possible to positioning signal is activated, Allow to regain boring bar tool from ground.Generally, rig by with sufficient transimission power to reach downhole transceiver. It should be understood that mancarried device 80 may be configured to enter park mode.Stop mancarried device in response to operator And/or mancarried device is entered park mode, mancarried device can send disabled status order to rig so that positioning Signal can stop.

Above with reference to Fig. 1 and additional reference Fig. 6 discussion, it is not necessary to which positioning signal 66 is modulated.Do not modulating In the case of transmit positioning signal 66 embodiment in, at least from the actual angle as pure tone, applicants have appreciated that, it is right In the transimission power for the given level for putting on positioning signal, enhanced depth bounds can be provided and/or scope of going home.Enhancing Ability can be attributed to following factor, including avoid carrier power being dispersed to modulation secondary lobe, and in order in locator 80 The ability that place receives pure tone and applies very narrow bandwidth to filter.Bandwidth for such narrow band filter can be for example 0.5Hz to 1Hz.It should be noted that the floor effects response time of the scope.As set forth in by different way, to depthkeeping Unmodulated carrier is transmitted under degree scope and/or given scope of going home, the transimission power for putting on positioning signal 66 can be reduced, extremely It is few to be used to save the power of battery.Certainly, modulated while Fig. 1 system is provided for electromagnetic locating signal and underground signal.It is logical The data for producing such as downhole sensor are crossed from the Modulation Transfer on electromagnetic locating signal to underground signal (along drill string to up Enter) on modulation, the electromagnetic locating signal can closer to or close to by pure tone (unmodulated positioning signal) provide depth or Range of receiving.

In one embodiment, portable/ground walking locator 80 is by the way that selection information is passed via telemetered signal 92 The automatically and/or manually selection of electrode couple transimission power and/or frequency can be provided by delivering to rig.At rig, received and dispatched on well Device 600 can send select command to downhole transceiver, correspondingly to transmit positioning signal 66.Due to accurate depth determine according to Rely in transmission frequency and dipole intensity, therefore depth can be determined by any suitable part of system, wherein suitably Part includes but is not limited to transceiver on portable navigation system and well.In one embodiment, can be automatically and/or manually Indicate that portable navigation system 80 monitors the characteristic of the dipole signal 66 received, for example, signal intensity.If signal to noise ratio is less than spy Determine threshold value, then then portable navigation system can notify operator and/or automatically send instruction, as described above, it is therefore an objective to change Kind signal to noise ratio.In the case where lacking the background for the understanding required for an operator part for portable navigation system, this can be performed The automatic monitoring of the dipole signal of sample and dipole signal are reconfigured.For example, decline in response to detecting signal to noise ratio, it is portable Locator can inherently start the scanning of other usable frequencies of electrode couple signal (it is determined that related to other usable frequencies works as Preceding signal to noise ratio), and afterwards, frequency of the selection with highest signal to noise ratio.In one embodiment, when positioning signal is modulated, Can be based on can not be to coming from entering towards angle orientation information, inclination angle orientation information and/or other status informations for positioning signal Row decodes and detected the significantly decay of positioning signal.This decay of positioning signal possibly be present at such as high-interference environment In.

Figure 14 is the flow chart for the embodiment for showing the method generally represented by reference numeral 1800, its be applied to The operation of transceiver 702 on the well for Figure 10 a that Figure 10 a downhole transceiver 704 cooperates.This method is specifically related to start and right The response of the communication consume occurred during normal operating.This method may begin at energization 1802 or detect communication consume. Transceiver uses a kind of swept noise in the above method on 1804, well.Generally, the step is broken on well with downhole transmitter Carried out in the case of opening.Transceiver sends commands to downhole transceiver on 1806, well, and the order specifies downhole transceiver to make Transmission frequency and request downhole transceiver transmit the training sequence shown in 1404 in Figure 10 b.In 1808, downhole transmitter Confirm the request by the way that training sequence 1404 (Figure 10 a) is transmitted to well into transceiver.In 1820, MPSK carrier tracking loops and Demodulator 1004 (Figure 10 b) is tried to lock to the carrier frequency and phase of the signal from downhole transceiver.Step 1822 is sentenced Certainly whether carrier tracking loop successfully locks.If it fails, operation is then back to step 1806.If carrier tracking loop is by success Locking, operation is then carried out to 1824.The later step determines that the data conversion tracking ring (DTTL) 1006 on well in transceiver is It is no to have locked on data symbol.If it is not, operation is back to step 1806.If DTTL is successfully locked, operate into Go to 1828.1828, determine whether receiver is successfully trained in response to training sequence on well.If trained successfully, behaviour Then carry out to 1830, the channel width and signal to noise ratio on well at transceiver are at least determined 1830.1832, such as based on instruction Practice result and the characteristic of channel used by downhole transceiver and (power section can be combined including symbol rate and optimal transmission power About ensure reliable communication) parameter, transceiver determines most viable transmission frequency on well.It should be noted that compared to previous The transmission frequency determined by step 1804, this time point of selected transmission frequency during operation can change. 1836, it is determined that parameter be transferred into downhole transceiver.1838, parameter of the downhole transceiver based on determination reconfigures hair Emitter is operated, and by the way that transceiver in sensor data transmission to well is started into normal operating.

Figure 15 is the flow chart for the embodiment for showing the method generally represented by reference numeral 1900, and it is represented just The communication protocol between formula locator 80 and downhole transceiver 702 is taken to transmit positioning signal 66 from downhole transceiver Reception of the portable navigation system to positioning signal 66 is maintained when (Fig. 1 and 6).1910, by portable navigation system detection positioning letter Numbers 66 consume or signal are significantly decayed.In one embodiment, the decay of positioning signal can be entered by the bit error rate (BER) Row is determined, the bit error rate is tracked by locator when receiving positioning signal.Can be in response to running counter to the bit error rate tables of maximum BER threshold values Clear signal consumes.In another embodiment, signal attenuation can be the determination of the signal to noise ratio (SNR) based on positioning signal, should Positioning signal has by being consumed in response to the signal run counter to minimum SNR signal to noise ratio and shown.In certain embodiments, can be with Several aspects of monitoring signals decay, for example, BER and SNR.Pass through non-limiting example, described any technology herein Background under, the threshold value for setting up improper signal quality can be 5dB for SNR, and can be 0.2 (hundred for BER / bis- ten).Certainly, these values have been run counter in signal consume (wherein signal can not be detected again).Any suitable technology can With using the quality for monitoring positioning signal.1912, it is obtainable to recognize that portable navigation system carries out Noise scan Show the transmission frequency of lowest noise level, for example, the institute in the above-mentioned US publisheds No.2011-0001633 being incorporated to Description.For example, in one embodiment, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) can apply to determine to go out at frequency interested Existing noise.It should be understood that any suitable technology can be used, including such as Goertzel wave filters, or as another The wavelet transformation of one example.1914, portable navigation system is ordered via telemetered signal 92 (Fig. 1) transmission signal consume, distant Survey signal 92 recognizes the new parameter for positioning signal 66, and new parameter can include but is not limited to transimission power, carrier frequency, ripple Special rate and modulating mode.For example, can initially select lowest noise available carrier wave frequency and appropriate baud rate.If be directed to The selected baud rate bit error rate is too high, then can reduce baud rate and redefine the bit error rate.Become too low in baud rate In the case of, different modulating pattern can be selected.The selection of new modulating mode can be carried out in any suitable manner.Pass through non-limit Property example processed, another modulating mode that can be selected is OFDM (OFDM), wherein can use what is be spaced closely together Orthogonal sub-carriers carry the data on multiple parallel data streams or channel in a manner known in the art.Therefore, by multiple Disperse data on channel, many non-interfering frequencies can be used, higher anti-interference is realized with relatively low symbol rate Degree.It should be noted that for depth capacity and scope of going home, modulating mode can be unmodulated with designated carrier or essentially pure Sound.Transceiver receives signal consume order via telemetered signal and the order is transferred into downhole transceiver on 1916, well. 1920, downhole transceiver receives signal consume and orders and correspondingly reconfigure dipole configured transmission.

Referring again to Fig. 1, it should be understood that system 10 includes the communication system along with numerous benefits.The communication system by On the well at rig transceiver, positioned at underground close to the downhole transceiver of subsurface tool and formed ground walking positioning The telemetry transceiver of a part for device is constituted, so as to form the first two-way communication chain between transceiver and downhole transceiver on well Road 2000, the first bidirectional communication link 2000 is using drill string as electric conductor to provide on well between transceiver and downhole transceiver Communication.Second bidirectional communication link 2002 is formed on well between the telemetry transceiver of transceiver and ground walking locator, It uses wireless electromagnetic to communicate.Further, at least formd from the downhole transceiver of subsurface tool to ground walking locator Unidirectional communications link 2004.These communication links provide plurality of communication schemes, including the use of the first bidirectional communication link 2000 From first communication pattern of the downhole transceiver via transceiver on the well at drill string to rig.From downhole transceiver via unidirectional logical Transceiver is provided on telemetry transceiver and the second bidirectional communication link 2002 to well at letter link 2004, ground walking locator Second communication pattern.Can be communicated moulds by 2010 pairs of communication controler/manager for forming a part for transceiver 702 on well Formula is managed, and a part for the processing unit 46 that communication controler/manager 2010 can be formed at rig is so that system can Dynamically and automatically to be responded to any failure occurred in system.

With reference to Figure 16 and Fig. 1 is combined, the former is shown for operating communication controler 2010 by non-limiting example The embodiment of method, it is generally represented by reference numeral 2300.Between 2304 system startups, controller can be configured to choosing Select the first communication pattern pattern by default.Enter normal operating 2308.Then, in the state of 2312 monitoring communication patterns 1, And the state of communication pattern 1 is determined in any suitable manner.For example, complete loss in response to signal and/or in Yan Jing Either direction between upper transceiver and downhole transceiver, which sends signal, can not meet given signal to noise ratio and/or more than given error code In the case of rate, it is possible to specify status of fail.As long as communication pattern 1 has no problem, normal operating can be carried out 2308.If It is problematic based on the determination communication pattern 1 2312, then 2316 enter communication patterns 2 with from downhole transceiver via locator 80 are communicated to transceiver on well.Then normal operating is restarted 2322.It is used as a part for normal operating, step The failure scenarios of 2326 monitoring communication patterns 2.If not detecting abnormal conditions on communication pattern 2, carried out 2330 Test to determine whether communication pattern 1 can use again.If communication pattern 1 is unavailable, normal operating is restarted 2322. On the other hand, if communication pattern 1 is available, communication pattern 1 is switched in 2334 controllers.Return again to step 2326, such as Fruit communication pattern 2 fails, then still switches to communication pattern 1 in 2334 systems.If it is failed to switch to communication pattern 1, Error situation is determined 2338, then in 2342 conversions to manual mode.If in the 2338 no error situations of detection, then behaviour Work can be carried out to 2346, and it can provide and switch to and control manually the chance of (2346, if desired) for operator.If Operator does not select manual control, then operation is back to 2308.It should be understood that during system operatio, method 2300 can With in running background.So do, this method can be performed with the rapid rate of multiple iteration per second.

Applicant thinks that system and method described herein provide unseen benefit before this.For example, disclosed Advanced Communications System has been conveniently realized double by will be reliably transmitted directly on existing drill string as the data of electric signal To communication, do not made an amendment in addition to by using the ACT being never deemed applicable under the background of the system, And the time-consuming limitation applied without prior art (for example, pipe center line is arranged).Applicants have recognized that logical in disclosed drill string The benefit of asymmetric power transmitting level is used in letter system.That is, with high power levels from well transceiver to downhole transceiver Transmission provide it is reliable set up to the ability of the communication of downhole transceiver, and can be (including reliable using one group of Optimal Parameters It is low/minimize power level) perform from downhole transceiver to well transceiver transmission, to meet reliable communication and battery work( The competitive focus that rate is saved.The system of the disclosure can provide other benefit, be positioned by optionally transmitting pure tone Signal is to realize the purpose gone home and/or positioned from downhole transceiver to removably upper locator, while allowing along drill string Upwards, transmitted while the data being directly modulated on the drill string as electric conductor.Applicant does not know to be matched somebody with somebody in this mode Any existing system put.Believe and have never seen disclosed system and correlation technique, at least as following reason：By in drill string On direct electric signal transmission the ability of reliable communication normal or in spreading range be provided introduce challenge, these are challenged not only It is to be difficult to solve, and those of ordinary skill in the art will think that the series of challenges after combination is actually unconquerable immediately 's.

Preferably include all elements described herein, part and step.It should be understood that these elements, part and Any one in step can be replaced by other elements, part and step or deleted completely, and such as those skilled in the art will show And be clear to.

Appendix A

The derivation of Linear Estimation with least mean-square error.

Two any variable vectors { x, y } of given size L × 1 and zero mean, the linear and unbiased esti-mator on x is such as Lower form

Wherein W is some constant matrices that size is L × L.It note that boldface letter is used for vector variable, and boldface letter In capitalization be used for matrix variables.Estimation in EQ (A1) is limited in by it there must be least mean-square error (MMSE).Therefore the estimation must is fulfilled for following limitation.

BecauseWith zero mean, EQ (A2) MMSE be single MMSE and.I is allowed to represent in vector to adopt for i-th Sample, then single MMSE be

Note w_iIt is the i-th row of matrix W.Expansion quadratic term is drawn：

By to w_iSeek partial differential to make the function minimization in EQ (4A), and set it as being equal to zero：

Wherein, R_{Xy, i}=E { x (i) y^*, R_y=E { yy^*, therefore, for w_{O, i}Satisfaction with MMSE x linear, nothing The optimal selection estimated partially is

w_{O, j}R_y=R_{Xy, i} EQ(A6)

Collect all { w_{O, i}, full estimation is

W_oR_y=R_xy EQ(A7)

Work as R_yWhen being nonnegative definite matrix and positive definite matrix, then EQ (A7) will have unique solution, as follows：

Therefore, equation EQ (A1) can be write as again now

The estimation discussed in equation EQ11a, EQ11b and EQ12 above can be solved now, because it is as follows Form：

Y=Bx+n EQ (A10)

Using equation EQ (A10) to matrix R_yAnd R_xyRecalculate：

Ry=E { yy^*}=E { (Bx+n) (Bx+n)^*}=BR_xB^*+Rn EQ(A11)

R_xy=E { xy^*}=E { (x) (Bx+n)^*}=R_xB^* EQ(A12)

Wherein R_x=E { xx^*, and because R_n(i.e. n is zero mean random noise vector, wherein covariance matrix to ＞ 0 For R_n=E { nn^*＞ 0), this generates R_y＞ 0.Therefore, R_yIt is reversible.

It can be determined now from EQ (A8), EQ (A10) and EQ (A11) with least mean-square errorLinear Estimation be

For illustration and the purpose of explanation, the description above the present invention is had been provided for.It is not intended to exclusiveness or incites somebody to action this Invention is limited to disclosed concrete form, and according to above-mentioned teaching, other embodiments, modifications and variations be also it is possible, Wherein art technology will recognize some modifications, change, increase and its sub-portfolio.

Design

Herein, following design is at least disclosed.

Design 1：A kind of drill column communication system, it use from rig extend to the drill string of subsurface tool as electric conductor with The communication between rig and subsurface tool is provided, the system includes：

Transceiver on well, it is located at rig and including transmitter on well, and transmitter is with transimission power general on well on well Signal is coupled on drill string to transmit to subsurface tool on well；And

Downhole transceiver, it is located at underground close to subsurface tool and including downhole transmitter, and downhole transmitter is with underground Transimission power is by underground signal coupled to, to transmit on the drill string to rig, downhole transmitted power is in power downhole on drill string In transmission range may be selected, and on the well transimission power always greater than any choosing in the power downhole transmission range Fixed downhole transmitted power.

Design 2：The system of design 1, wherein, the downhole transceiver includes battery, to provide the downhole transmitted power, And the battery is at least applied with the upper limit on selected downhole transmitted power.

Design 3：The system of design 2, wherein, maximum downhole transmitted power is no more than 5 watts.

Design 4：The system of design 1, wherein, transceiver is configured at least open with transmitter power on maximum well on the well The communication begun with downhole transceiver.

Design 5：The system of design any one of 1 to 4, wherein, transmitter work(on transmitter power formation well on maximum well The upper limit of the power of rate scope.

Design 6：A kind of method for operating drill column communication system, drill column communication system from rig using extending to ground The drill string of lower instrument is as electric conductor to provide the communication between rig and subsurface tool, and methods described includes：

Transceiver on the well at rig is configured, transceiver includes on transmitter on well, well transmitter to transmit on well on well Signal on well is coupled on drill string to transmit to subsurface tool by power；

Downhole transceiver is arranged in underground close to subsurface tool, downhole transceiver includes downhole transmitter；And

Underground signal is coupled on drill string from downhole transmitter with downhole transmitted power to transmit the brill to rig On post, downhole transmitted power may be selected in power downhole transmission range, and transimission power is selected always greater than any on well Downhole transmitted power.

Design 7：A kind of method for operating drill column communication system, the drill column communication system has been used from rig extension To the drill string of subsurface tool as electric conductor to provide the communication between the rig and the subsurface tool, methods described bag Include：

In response to the consumption using the reception for transmitting the underground signal to drill string from subsurface tool when previous group configured transmission Damage, the communication from rig to subsurface tool is restarted with transimission power on the maximum well of transceiver on well using transceiver on well So that the signal restarted on well is coupled into subsurface tool；And

Based on from subsurface tool to the response of the signal restarted on well, into program with for underground signal and well At least one in upper signal sets up one group of new configured transmission, to set up the communication between rig and subsurface tool behind.

Design 8：The method of design 7 includes, as a part for the signal restarted, indicate downhole transceiver with Maximum downhole transmitted power responds.

Design 9：The method of design 7 includes configuration downhole transceiver with maximum downhole transmitted power to the signal that restarts Respond.

Design 10：A kind of drill column communication system, it uses from rig and extends to the drill string of subsurface tool as electric conductor To provide the communication between rig and subsurface tool, the system includes：

Transceiver on well, it is located at rig and including transmitter on well, and transmitter is with transimission power general on well on well Signal is coupled on drill string to transmit to subsurface tool on well；

Downhole transceiver, it is located at underground close to subsurface tool and including downhole transmitter, and downhole transmitter is with underground Transimission power by underground signal coupled on drill string so that transmit on the drill string to rig and send can with least one The electromagnetic locating signal of selection manipulation parameter, downhole transmitted power may be selected in power downhole transmission range；With

Ground walking locator, it is used to receive electromagnetic locating signal and for detecting the predetermined of the positioning signal received Decay, and in response to the detection, system configuration reconfigures order into automatically generating, and reconfigures order change electromagnetism At least one in the following parameter of positioning signal：Carrier frequency, transimission power, baud rate and modulating mode.

Design 11：Design 10 system, wherein, the bit error rate of the ground walking locator based on electromagnetic locating signal and At least one in signal to noise ratio monitors the prearranged signals decay.

Design 12：Design 10 system, wherein, the ground walking locator be configured to generation reconfigure order and Order will be reconfigured thereafter by remote measurement transmit to rig, and well transceiver be configured to that via drill string life will be reconfigured Order is transmitted to downhole transceiver.

Design 13：A kind of drill column communication system, it uses from rig and extends to the drill string of subsurface tool as electric conductor To provide the communication between rig and subsurface tool, the system includes：

Ground walking locator, it is used to receive electromagnetic locating signal and the reception consumption for detecting electromagnetic locating signal Damage, and consumed in response to described receive, automatically show that signal consumes situation to the rig.

Design 14：The system of design 13, wherein, the ground walking locator is by the way that signal consume order is transmitted to brill Transceiver shows signal consume situation on well at machine.

Design 15：The system of design 14, wherein, signal consume order specifies one group of new ginseng for electromagnetic locating signal Number.

Design 16：The system of design 15, wherein, one group of new parameter specifies at least one in following parameter：For electricity New transmission powers, new carrier wave frequency, new baud rate and the new modulating mode of magnetic locating signal.

Design 17：The system of design 16, wherein, one group of new parameter, which is specified, does not modulate new carrier wave frequency.

Design 18：A kind of drill column communication system, it uses from rig and extends to the drill string of subsurface tool as electric conductor To provide the communication between rig and subsurface tool, the system includes：

Transceiver on well, it is located at rig and including transmitter on well, and signal on well is coupled to by transmitter on well To transmit to subsurface tool on drill string；And

Downhole transceiver, it is located at underground close to subsurface tool and including downhole transmitter, and downhole transmitter is by underground Signal on well coupled to transmit to forming on well receiver on the well of a part for transceiver, and wherein, receiving on drill string Hair device and downhole transceiver are configured to cooperation to be based at least partially on the signal for the underground signal that the transceiver on well is detected Decay and change automatically at least one operable configured transmission of underground signal.

Design 19：The system of design 18, wherein, transceiver and the downhole transceiver are configured to letter on the well Number decay automatically change underground signal one group of operable parameter.

Design 20：The system of design 19, wherein, one group of parameter of modification include carrier frequency, power level, baud rate and It is two or more in modulating mode.

Design 21：The system of design 18, wherein, at least one in transceiver includes Noise scan in downhole transceiver and well Instrument, the Noise scan for carrying out the available transmission frequency for underground signal so that set up lowest noise transmission frequency.

Design 22：The system of design 21, wherein, Noise scan instrument is configured with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), direct computation of DFT One selected in leaf transformation and power spectral density determines the noise spectrum in available transmission frequency.

Design 23：The system of design 21, wherein, Noise scan instrument includes the wave filter group with multiple bandpass filters, To determine lowest noise transmission frequency.

Design 24：The system of design 21, wherein, transmitter is configured to close during Noise scan in downhole transmitter and well Close.

Design 25：The system of design 21, wherein, one selected on well in transceiver and downhole transceiver is configured to start It is used as the Noise scan of a part for startup program.

Design 26：The system of design 25, wherein, transceiver is configured to the signal consumption from downhole transmitter on well Damage and restart Noise scan at least to select the new transmission frequencies for underground signal.

Design 27：The system of design 18, wherein, the drill string includes channel transfer functions, the channel transfer functions bag The drill string distortion on signal on each well is included, and wherein, transceiver is configured to characterize the channel biography at least described well Delivery function is the band limiting filter that response is limited with frequency band.

Design 28：The system of design 27, wherein, frequency band limitation response is further characterised as finite impulse response (FIR).

Design 29：The system of design 27, wherein, receiver includes at least one balanced device on the well of transceiver at least on well To compensate drill string distortion.

Design 30：The system of design 29, wherein, balanced device includes equalizer response, and equalizer response is based on one group of equilibrium Device coefficient is customizable so that equalizer response is adapted to range of variables in channel transfer functions.

Design 31：The system of design 30, wherein, downhole transmitter is configured to transmit the training sequence being modulated on underground signal Row, and receiver is configured to resume training sequence from underground signal to set up one group of equalizer coefficients on well.

Design 32：The system of design 31, wherein, on well the copy of transceiver including training sequence with the training received Sequence is compared, and the training sequence received represents to be transmitted by downhole transmitter and by the instruction of channel transfer functions distortion Practice sequence.

Design 33：The system of design 32, wherein, downhole transceiver includes multiplexer, and multiplexer is in training sequence Selected to be modulated on underground signal between row and sensing data.

Design 34：The system of design 32, wherein, transceiver is configured to copy based on training sequence and received on well Poor least mean-square error between training sequence determines a system number.

Design 35：The system of design 18, wherein, downhole transceiver is configured to receive sensing data and based on sensor Data modulate underground signal.

Design 36：The system of design 34, wherein, multiple phase shift keying is put on underground signal by downhole transceiver.

Design 37：The system of design 18, wherein, transceiver is configured to synchronously detect underground signal on well.

Design 38：The system of design 37, wherein, downhole transceiver is configured to apply multiple phase shift keying to modulate underground letter Number, and transceiver includes the multiple phase shift keying carrier tracking loop and demodulator for being used to recover underground signal on well.

Design 39：The system of design 38, wherein, downhole transceiver is configured to QPSK putting on underground letter Number.

Design 40：The system of design any one of 18 to 39, wherein, drill string includes channel transfer functions, channel transfer letter Number is included on each well the drill string distortion on signal, and it is band that transceiver, which is configured to characterize channel transfer functions, at least on well Transceiver includes same-phase balanced device and different phase balanced device to compensate drill string distortion on limit wave filter, and well.

Design 41：The system of design 40, wherein, transceiver is configured to synchronously detect underground signal on well, and including DTTL data transition tracking loop is so as to the switching between same-phase balanced device and different phase balanced device.

Design 42：A kind of equipment in drill column communication system, drill column communication system from rig using extending to underground work The drill string of tool is as electric conductor to provide the communication between rig and subsurface tool, and the drill string is as carrying underground letter Number the electric conductor when show channel transfer functions, underground signal is coupled to drill string by subsurface tool, and equipment includes：

Receiver on well, it receives the underground signal as transmission signal from drill string, and transmission signal is by channel transfer Receiver is configured to compensation response putting on transmission signal in the influence of function, and the well, based on channel transfer functions Customization compensation response.

Design 43：The equipment of design 42, wherein, channel transfer functions cause the drill string distortion on underground signal, and extremely Receiver is configured to channel transfer functions being characterized as band limiting filter response on few well.

Design 44：The equipment of design 43, wherein, band limiting filter response is further characterized finite impulse response (FIR).

Design 45：The equipment of design 43, wherein, receiver includes at least one balanced device to compensate drill string distortion on well.

Design 46：The equipment of design 45, wherein, balanced device includes equalizer response, and equalizer response is based on one group of equilibrium Device coefficient is customizable so that equalizer response is adapted to range of variables in channel transfer functions.

Design 47：The equipment of design 46, wherein, receiver stores the copy of training sequence, and receiver on well on well It is configured to resume training the transmission version of sequence from the underground signal by channel transfer functions distortion, with the pair with training sequence Originally it is compared to set up one group of equalizer coefficients.

Design 48：The equipment of design 47, wherein, receiver is configured to copy and training sequence based on training sequence on well Transmission version between poor least mean-square error determine a system number.

Design 49：A kind of ground walking locator, it is used to having used the drill string for extending to subsurface tool from rig be In system, subsurface tool is configured to transmit electromagnetic locating signal, and the ground walking locator includes：

Receiver, it is configured to receive positioning signal, detects the decay of the reception of positioning signal, and decline in response to described Subtract detection generation signal consume order；And

Telemetry transmitter, for signal consume order to be transmitted to rig.

Design 50：The ground walking locator of design 49, it is configured to the reception consume generation institute of positioning signal State signal consume order.

Design 51：The ground walking locator of design 49, it is configured to the predetermined attenuation degree life of positioning signal Into signal consume.

Design 52：The ground walking locator of design 49, it is configured to primitively in response to the detection for receiving consume Noise scan is carried out to recognize the new frequency for electromagnetic locating signal.

Design 53：The ground walking locator of design 49, wherein, signal consume command recognition is for electromagnetic locating signal At least one in following parameter：New transmission powers, new carrier wave frequency, new baud rate and new modulating mode.

Design 54：A kind of system at least performing sub-terrain operations, it uses the drill string that subsurface tool is extended to from rig As electric conductor to provide the communication between rig and subsurface tool, the system includes：

Downhole transceiver, it is located at underground close to subsurface tool, and is configured to (i) and receives operable with subsurface tool At least one related sensor signal of parameter, (ii) generation underground signal, underground signal is transferred on the drill string at rig, And underground signal is modulated based on sensor signal, and (iii) sends electromagnetic locating signal to carry out ground detection, Wherein positioning signal is modulated at least without by the sensor signal；

Transceiver on well, it is located at rig and including receiver on well, and receiver is configured to from drill string reception on well Underground signal and recover sensor signal so that the information related to operable parameter can be obtained at rig；With

Ground walking locator, it receives at least one that electromagnetic locating signal is used as in homing beacon and tracking signal, So that being more than for giving the detection range of transimission power positioning signal in the case where not modulating for the given transmission of identical The detection range for the modulation positioning signal that power is modulated by the sensor signal.

Design 55：The system of design 54, wherein, ground walking locator is included in the carrier frequency of electromagnetic locating signal Narrow band filter placed in the middle.

Design 56：The system of design 54 or 55, wherein, ground walking locator is configured to obtain sensor phase Data are closed to generate the correlation between data with ground walking locator and take remote measurement and communicate with transceiver on the well at rig, Sensor related data is sent on well on the drill string at transceiver from subsurface tool, and ground walking locator generation data pass through Electromagnetic telemetry signals are sent to transceiver on well.

Design 57：A kind of system at least performing sub-terrain operations, it uses the drill string that subsurface tool is extended to from rig As electric conductor to provide the communication between rig and subsurface tool, the system includes：

Transceiver on well, it is located at rig and including transmitter on well, and transmitter is configured to drill string at least on well On well on signal transmit to subsurface tool；

Downhole transceiver, it is located at underground close to subsurface tool, and is configured to from signal on drill string received well and selects Electromagnetic locating signal is sent to selecting property to detect on the ground；

Ground walking locator, it is used to receive electromagnetic locating signal and for automatically detecting ground walking locator Activation/disabled status, and change in response to detecting activation/disabled status, the ground walking locator is configured to table The state instruction of bright new activation/disabled status is transmitted to rig；With

Transceiver and the downhole transceiver are further configured to cooperation with least responsive to disabled status on the well Disconnect electromagnetic locating signal.

Design 58：The system of design 57, wherein, ground walking locator is configured to energetically use during state of activation Electromagnetic locating signal.

Design 59：The system of design 57, wherein, walking locator in ground includes at least one accelerometer, accelerometer Exported in response to the mobile generation accelerometer of ground walking locator, and ground walking locator is configured to add based on described Speedometer output detection disabled status.

Design 60：The system of design 57, wherein, walking locator in ground includes biography of the detection locator close to the earth's surface Sensor, and ground walking locator is configured to locator and shows disabled status on the earth's surface.

Design 61：It is a kind of at least be used for perform sub-terrain operations communication system can, it use from rig and extend to underground The drill string of instrument and the ground walking detector as at least one in homing beacon and tracks of device, communication system bag Include：

The transceiver on the well at rig；

Positioned at underground close to subsurface tool downhole transceiver；

Form the telemetry transceiver of a part for ground walking locator；

The first bidirectional communication link on well between transceiver and downhole transceiver, it is using drill string as electric conductor to carry For the communication on well between transceiver and downhole transceiver；

The second bidirectional communication link on well between the telemetry transceiver of transceiver and ground walking locator, it is on well Communicated between transceiver and telemetry transceiver using wireless electromagnetic；And

(i) is caused to use from the downhole transceiver of subsurface tool at least unidirectional communications link of ground walking locator One bidirectional communication link provides the first communication pattern, (ii) from downhole transceiver via transceiver on the well at drill string to rig From downhole transceiver via the telemetry transceiver and the second bidirectional communication link at unidirectional communications link, ground walking locator to Transceiver provides the second communication pattern on well, and (iii) comes under pit for managing to receive and dispatch for being based at least partially on system mode The controller of communication on device and well between transceiver.

Design 62：The system of design 61 also includes：

Communication manager, it is at least used to be based at least partially on the first and second bidirectional communication links and one-way communication The current operable state of link, for any given transmission from subsurface tool to rig, by automatically logical first Selected to manage on the well at from the downhole transceiver at subsurface tool to rig between letter pattern and the second communication pattern The communication of transceiver.

Design 63：The system of claim 62, wherein controller are configured to the first communication pattern of selection pattern by default.

Claims

1. a kind of drill column communication system, the drill string for extending to subsurface tool from rig is it used described to provide as electric conductor Communication between rig and the subsurface tool, the system includes：

Transceiver on well, it is located at the rig and including transmitter on well, and transmitter on well to transmit work(on the well Signal on well is coupled on the drill string to transmit to the subsurface tool by rate；And

Downhole transceiver, its be located at underground close to the subsurface tool and including downhole transmitter, the downhole transmitter with Underground signal is coupled on the drill string to transmit to the drill string of the rig by downhole transmitted power, the underground Transimission power can be selected in power downhole transmission range, and on the well transimission power always greater than in the well Any selected downhole transmitted power in the range of lower power transmission.

2. system according to claim 1, wherein, the downhole transceiver includes battery, to provide the downhole transmitted Power, and the battery is at least applied with the upper limit on the selected downhole transmitted power.

3. system according to claim 2, wherein, maximum downhole transmitted power is no more than 5 watts.

4. system according to claim 1, wherein, transceiver is configured at least with transmitter work(on maximum well on the well Rate starts the communication with the downhole transceiver.

5. system according to claim 3, wherein, transmitter power model on transmitter power formation well on the maximum well The upper limit of the power enclosed.

6. a kind of method for operating drill column communication system, the drill column communication system from rig using extending to underground work The drill string of tool is as electric conductor to provide the communication between the rig and the subsurface tool, and methods described includes：

Configure on transceiver on the well at the rig, the well transceiver include on transmitter on well, the well transmitter with Signal on well is coupled on the drill string to transmit to the subsurface tool by transimission power on well；

Downhole transceiver is arranged in underground close to the subsurface tool, the downhole transceiver includes downhole transmitter；And

Underground signal is coupled on the drill string from the downhole transmitter with downhole transmitted power and bored to transmit to described On the drill string of machine, the downhole transmitted power can be selected in power downhole transmission range, and on the well Transimission power is always greater than any selected downhole transmitted power.

7. a kind of method for operating drill column communication system, the drill column communication system from rig using extending to underground work The drill string of tool is as electric conductor to provide the communication between the rig and the subsurface tool, and methods described includes：

In response to being transmitted using when previous group configured transmission from the subsurface tool to the reception of the underground signal on the drill string Consume, restarted using transceiver on well with transimission power on the maximum well of transceiver on the well from the rig to institute State the communication of subsurface tool the signal restarted on well is coupled into the subsurface tool；And

Based on from the subsurface tool to the response of the signal restarted on the well, into program with for the underground At least one on signal and the well in signal sets up one group of new configured transmission, to set up the rig behind and described Communication between subsurface tool.

8. method according to claim 7, it includes, as a part for the signal restarted, indicates described Downhole transceiver is responded with maximum downhole transmitted power.

9. method according to claim 7, it includes the configuration downhole transceiver with maximum downhole transmitted power to institute The signal restarted is stated to respond.

10. a kind of drill column communication system, it use from rig and extend to the drill string of subsurface tool as electric conductor to provide The communication between rig and the subsurface tool is stated, the system includes：

Transceiver on well, it is located at the rig and including transmitter on well, and transmitter on well to transmit work(on the well Signal on well is coupled on the drill string to transmit to the subsurface tool by rate；

Downhole transceiver, its be located at underground close to the subsurface tool and including downhole transmitter, the downhole transmitter with Underground signal is coupled on the drill string to transmit to the drill string of the rig and send by downhole transmitted power Electromagnetic locating signal with least one selectively actuatable parameter, the downhole transmitted power can transmit model in power downhole Enclose interior selected；With

Ground walking locator, it is used to receive the electromagnetic locating signal and for detecting the pre- of received positioning signal Fixed decay, and in response to the detection, the system configuration reconfigures order into automatically generating, described to reconfigure life Order changes at least one in the following parameter of the electromagnetic locating signal：Carrier frequency, transimission power, baud rate and modulation mould Formula.

11. system according to claim 10, wherein, the ground walking locator is based on the electromagnetic locating signal At least one in the bit error rate and signal to noise ratio monitors the prearranged signals decay.

12. system according to claim 10, wherein, the ground walking locator is configured to reconfigure described in generation Order and behind by telemetry by it is described reconfigure order and transmit to the rig, and the well transceiver match somebody with somebody It is set to and reconfigures order by described via the drill string and transmit to the downhole transceiver.

13. a kind of drill column communication system, it use from rig and extend to the drill string of subsurface tool as electric conductor to provide The communication between rig and the subsurface tool is stated, the system includes：

Ground walking locator, it is used to receive the electromagnetic locating signal and the reception for detecting the electromagnetic locating signal Consume, and in response to the consume of the reception, automatically show that signal consumes situation to the rig.

14. system according to claim 13, wherein, the ground walking locator is by the way that signal consume order is transmitted Transceiver shows the signal consume situation on to the well at the rig.

15. system according to claim 14, wherein, the signal consume order specifies new for the electromagnetic locating signal One group of parameter.

16. system according to claim 15, wherein, one group of new parameter specifies at least one in following parameter： New transmission powers, new carrier wave frequency, new baud rate and new modulating mode for the electromagnetic locating signal.

17. system according to claim 16, wherein, one group of new parameter, which is specified, does not modulate the new carrier wave frequency Rate.

18. a kind of drill column communication system, it use from rig and extend to the drill string of subsurface tool as electric conductor to provide The communication between rig and the subsurface tool is stated, the system includes：

Transceiver on well, it is located at the rig and including transmitter on well, and transmitter is by signal coupling on well on the well It is bonded on the drill string for serve as the electric conductor to transmit to the subsurface tool；And

Downhole transceiver, it is located at underground close to the subsurface tool and including downhole transmitter, and the downhole transmitter will Underground signal, which is coupled to, to be served as on the drill string of the electric conductor to transmit to the part for forming transceiver on the well Well on receiver, and wherein, transceiver and the downhole transceiver are configured to cooperation with base at least in part on the well The signal attenuation of the underground signal on as the well detected by transceiver and change the underground signal automatically extremely A few operable configured transmission.

19. system according to claim 18, wherein, transceiver and the downhole transceiver are configured to respond on the well One group of operable parameter of the underground signal is automatically changed in the signal attenuation.

20. system according to claim 19, wherein, one group of parameter of modification includes carrier frequency, power level, baud It is two or more in rate and modulating mode.

21. system according to claim 18, wherein, at least one in transceiver in the downhole transceiver and the well Including Noise scan instrument, the Noise scan for carrying out the available transmission frequency for the underground signal so that set up minimum Noise transmission frequency.

22. system according to claim 21, wherein, the Noise scan instrument be configured with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), One selected in discrete Fourier transform and power spectral density determines the noise spectrum in the available transmission frequency.

23. system according to claim 21, wherein, the Noise scan instrument includes the filter with multiple bandpass filters Ripple device group, to determine the lowest noise transmission frequency.

24. system according to claim 21, wherein, transmitter is configured to making an uproar in the downhole transmitter and the well Sound is closed during scanning.

25. system according to claim 21, wherein, one selected on the well in transceiver and the downhole transceiver The individual Noise scan for being configured to the part initially as startup program.

26. system according to claim 25, wherein, transceiver is configured to from underground hair on the well The signal consume of emitter restarts the Noise scan at least to select the new transmission frequencies for the underground signal.

27. system according to claim 18, wherein, the drill string includes channel transfer functions, the channel transfer letter Number causes drill string distortion on each well on signal, and wherein, transceiver is configured to the letter at least described well Road transmission function is characterized as limiting the band limiting filter of response with frequency band.

28. system according to claim 27, wherein, the frequency band limitation response is further characterised as finite impulse sound Should.

29. according to the system described in claim 27, wherein, receiver is included at least on the well of transceiver at least described well One balanced device is to compensate the drill string distortion.

30. system according to claim 29, wherein, the balanced device includes equalizer response, the equalizer response It is customizable so that the equalizer response is adapted to range of variables in the channel transfer functions based on one group of equalizer coefficients.

31. system according to claim 30, wherein, the downhole transmitter is configured to transmission and is modulated to the underground letter Receiver is configured to recover the training sequence from the underground signal to set up on training sequence on number, and the well State one group of equalizer coefficients.

32. system according to claim 31, wherein, on the well transceiver include the copy of the training sequence with The training sequence received is compared, and the training sequence received represents to be transmitted and passed through by the downhole transmitter The training sequence of the channel transfer functions distortion.

33. system according to claim 32, wherein, the downhole transceiver includes multiplexer, and the multichannel is answered Selected with device between the training sequence and sensing data, to be modulated on the underground signal.

34. system according to claim 32, wherein, transceiver is configured to the pair based on the training sequence on the well Originally a system number is determined the poor least mean-square error between the training sequence received.

35. system according to claim 18, wherein, the downhole transceiver is configured to receive sensing data and base In underground signal described in the modulating sensor data.

36. system according to claim 34, wherein, multiple phase shift keying is put on the underground by the downhole transceiver Signal.

37. system according to claim 18, wherein, transceiver is configured to synchronously detect the underground letter on the well Number.

38. the system according to claim 37, wherein, the downhole transceiver is configured to apply multiple phase shift keying to modulate Transceiver includes the multiple phase shift keying carrier tracking loop for being used to recover the underground signal on the underground signal, and the well And demodulator.

39. the system according to claim 38, wherein, the downhole transceiver is configured to put on QPSK The underground signal.

40. the system according to claim 39, wherein, the drill string includes channel transfer functions, the channel transfer letter Number causes transceiver in drill string distortion, and at least described well to be configured to the channel transfer on each well on signal Function, which is characterized as transceiver on band limiting filter, and the well, includes same-phase balanced device and different phase balanced device to compensate State drill string distortion.

41. system according to claim 40, wherein, transceiver is configured to synchronously detect the underground letter on the well Number, and including DTTL data transition tracking loop so as to the switching between the same-phase balanced device and the different phase balanced device.