CN103195414A - Drill column communication system, component and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention describes a drill column communication system, a component and a method. An aboveground transceiver couples a signal to a drill column with certain power, and the power may be greater and in some embodiments, is always greater than optional power directed at an underground signal. Maximum abovementioned transmission power of the aboveground transceiver can be used to restart communication from a drilling machine to an underground tool. Programs can establish a new set of transmission parameters directed at a signal of the drill column and thus establish communication between the drilling machine and the underground tool. The system may include a ground walk locator which receives an electromagnetic locating signal that activates/forbids state control. In response to attenuation of a locating signal, the locating signal can be modified by reconfigurating a command. The aboveground transceiver and an underground transceiver can automatically modify at least one parameter of the underground signal. The aboveground transceiver can apply compensation response to a transfer signal to compensate a drill column channel transfer function.

Description

Drill string communication system, parts and method

Related application

It is 61/583,591 priority that the application requires in the U.S. Provisional Patent Application sequence number that on January 5th, 2012 submitted to, and mode is by reference incorporated this application integral body into this paper.It is 13/733,097 priority that the application also requires in the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number that on January 2nd, 2013 submitted to, and mode is by reference incorporated this application integral body into this paper.

Technical field

Operation that the application relates generally to underground (inground), and more specifically, relate to a kind of system, equipment and method that comprises advanced drill string communication system, wherein should advanced person's drill string communication system the signal of telecommunication be coupled on the conduction drill string so that transfer of data, be at least noise simultaneously and distortion effect affords redress.Ground walking locator (Walkover locator) communication can integrally be subjected to the support of this system and correlation technique.

Background technology

Usually, sub-terrain operations, for example, drilling well is to form boring, boring to be carried out the conduction drill string that uses such as reaming, boring mapping extend out from ground rig for public line is installed subsequently.Prior art comprise use the conduction drill string as electric conductor for use in will be from the data-signal electrical conduction of the underground instrument example to rig.Land itself is as the signal return path of the signal that detects the rig place on every side.The system of the type is commonly called measurement while drilling (MWD) system.Yet the applicant recognizes and still exists the improved needs of mwd system.

The above-mentioned example of correlation technique and relative be restricted to illustrative rather than exclusiveness.Through the reading manual with after to accompanying drawing research, other restriction of correlation technique will become apparent to those skilled in the art.

Summary of the invention

A kind of drill string communication system has been described.Aboveground transceiver can couple a signal on the drill string with certain power, this power can greater than and in certain embodiments always greater than the power selected at underground signal.Can use the maximum aboveground through-put power of aboveground transceiver to restart from the extremely communication of underground instrument of rig.Thereby program can be set up at new one group of transmission parameter of drill string signal and set up communication between rig and the underground instrument.This system can comprise the ground walking locator of the electromagnetic locating signal that receives the control of activation/disabled status.In response to the framing signal decay, reconfigure order and can revise framing signal.Aboveground transceiver and downhole transceiver can automatically be revised at least one parameter of underground signal.Aboveground receiver can put on the compensation response and transmit signal with compensation drill string channel transfer functions.

In conjunction with nonrestrictive system as exemplary and illustrative and on scope, tool and method to the following examples and aspect be described and illustrate.In various embodiments, one or more in the problems referred to above reduce or eliminate, and other embodiment relates to other improvement.

Aspect one of the present disclosure, a kind of drill string communication system, relevant device and method are disclosed.This drill string communication system used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between rig and the underground instrument to be provided.Aboveground transceiver is positioned at the rig place and comprises aboveground transmitter, and aboveground transmitter is coupled on the drill string aboveground signal in order to transfer to underground instrument with aboveground through-put power.Downhole transceiver is positioned at the down-hole and closely descends instrument and comprise downhole transmitter, downhole transmitter is coupled on the drill string underground signal in order to transfer on the drill string at rig place with downhole transmitted power, downhole transmitted power can in the power delivery scope of down-hole, select and aboveground through-put power always greater than any selected downhole transmitted power in the power delivery scope of down-hole.

Aspect another, a kind of method and relevant device for operation drill string communication system described of the present disclosure, the drill string communication system used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between rig and the underground instrument to be provided.Transfer to the consume of the reception of the underground signal on the drill string in response to utilizing when last group of transmission parameter from underground instrument, use aboveground transceiver to restart communication from rig to underground instrument so that the aboveground signal that restarts is coupled to underground instrument with the maximum aboveground through-put power of aboveground transceiver.Based on from underground instrument to the aboveground response that restarts signal, the program that enters to be setting up one group of new transmission parameter in underground signal and the aboveground signal at least one, with in the communication of setting up thereafter between rig and the underground instrument.

Of the present disclosure aspect another in, a kind of drill string communication system and correlation technique have been described, the drill string communication system used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between rig and the underground instrument to be provided.Aboveground transceiver is positioned at the rig place and comprises aboveground transmitter, and aboveground transmitter is coupled on the drill string aboveground signal in order to transfer to underground instrument with aboveground through-put power.Downhole transceiver is positioned at the down-hole and closely descends instrument and comprise downhole transmitter, downhole transmitter is coupled to underground signal on the drill string with downhole transmitted power in order to transfer on the drill string at rig place and send the electromagnetic locating signal with at least one selectively actuatable parameter, and downhole transmitted power can be selected in the power delivery scope of down-hole.The predetermined decay of the framing signal that ground walking locator reception electromagnetic locating signal and detection receive, and in response to detecting predetermined decay, system configuration becomes automatically to generate and reconfigures order, reconfigures in the following parameter that order changes electromagnetic locating signal at least one: carrier frequency, through-put power, baud rate and modulating mode.

Of the present disclosure aspect another in, a kind of drill string communication system and correlation technique have been described, the drill string communication system used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between rig and the underground instrument to be provided.Aboveground transceiver is positioned at the rig place and comprises aboveground transmitter, and aboveground transmitter is coupled on the drill string aboveground signal in order to transfer to underground instrument with aboveground through-put power.Downhole transceiver is positioned at the down-hole and closely descends instrument and comprise downhole transmitter, downhole transmitter is coupled to underground signal on the drill string with downhole transmitted power in order to transfer on the drill string at rig place and send the electromagnetic locating signal with at least one selectively actuatable parameter, and downhole transmitted power can be selected in the power delivery scope of down-hole.Portable type ground walking locator receives electromagnetic locating signal and detects the reception consume of electromagnetic locating signal, and in response to receiving consume, automatically shows signal consume situation to rig.

Of the present disclosure aspect another in, a kind of drill string communication system and correlation technique used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between rig and the underground instrument to be provided.Aboveground transceiver is positioned at the rig place and comprises aboveground transmitter, and aboveground transmitter is coupled on the drill string aboveground signal in order to transfer to underground instrument.Downhole transceiver is positioned at the down-hole closely to be descended instrument and comprises downhole transmitter, and downhole transmitter is coupled on the drill string underground signal in order to transfer to the aboveground receiver of a part that forms aboveground transceiver.Aboveground transceiver and downhole transceiver are configured to cooperate with at least part of ground at least one transmission operated parameter that is changed underground signal by the signal attenuation of the detected underground signal of aboveground transceiver automatically.

Of the present disclosure aspect another in, a kind of equipment for the drill string communication system and correlation technique have been described, this drill string communication system used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between rig and the underground instrument to be provided.Drill string represents channel transfer functions as such electric conductor of carrying underground signal the time, underground signal is coupled to drill string by underground instrument.Aboveground receiver receives from drill string as the underground signal that transmits signal, transmits the influence that signal is subjected to channel transfer functions, and aboveground receiver is configured to compensation response is put on the transmission signal, responds based on channel transfer functions customization compensation.

Of the present disclosure aspect another in, a kind of ground walking locator and correlation technique have been described, it is used for having used the system that extends to the drill string of underground instrument from rig, underground tool configuration becomes the transmission electromagnetic locating signal.Receiver is configured to receive framing signal, the decay of the reception of detection and location signal, and detect the consume of generation signal in response to decay and order.Telemetry transmitter is configured to signal is consumed command transfer to rig.

Of the present disclosure aspect another in, a kind of system and correlation technique that is used for carrying out sub-terrain operations at least described, its used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between rig and the underground instrument to be provided.Downhole transceiver is positioned at the down-hole and closely descends instrument, and be configured to (i) but receive at least one sensor signal relevant with the operating parameter of underground instrument, (ii) generate underground signal, underground signal is transferred on the drill string at rig place, and based on sensor signal underground signal is modulated, (iii) send electromagnetic locating signal so that carrying out the ground detects, this framing signal is not modulated by sensor signal at least.Aboveground transceiver is positioned at the rig place and comprises aboveground receiver, and aboveground receiver is configured to receive underground signal and recover sensor signal from drill string, but so that can obtain the information relevant with operating parameter at the rig place.Walking locator in ground receives electromagnetic locating signal as in homing beacon and the tracking signal at least one, makes at the detection range of given through-put power framing signal under the situation of not modulating greater than at the detection range of identical given through-put power through the modulation framing signal of sensor signal modulation.

Of the present disclosure aspect another in, a kind of system and method that is used for carrying out sub-terrain operations has at least been described, its used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between rig and the underground instrument to be provided.Aboveground transceiver is positioned at the rig place and comprises aboveground receiver, and the aboveground signal that aboveground receiver is configured to major general's drill string transfers to underground instrument.Downhole transceiver is positioned at the down-hole and closely descends instrument, and is configured to from the drill string received well signal and optionally sends electromagnetic locating signal in order to detect on the ground.Walking locator in ground receives electromagnetic locating signal and automatically detects the activation/disabled status of ground walking locator, and change in response to detecting activation/disabled status, the state indication that ground walking locator is configured to show new activation/disabled status transfers to rig.Aboveground transceiver is further configured into cooperation to disconnect electromagnetic locating signal in response to disabled status at least with downhole transceiver.

Of the present disclosure aspect another in, described a kind of communication system for the system that carries out sub-terrain operations at least and correlation technique, it has used from rig and has extended to the drill string of underground instrument and as at least one the ground walking detector homing beacon and the tracking means.Aboveground transceiver is positioned at the rig place.Downhole transceiver is positioned at the down-hole and closely descends instrument.Telemetry transceiver forms the part of ground walking locator.First bidirectional communication link between aboveground transceiver and the downhole transceiver use drill string as electric conductor so that the communication between aboveground transceiver and the downhole transceiver to be provided.Second bidirectional communication link between the telemetry transceiver of aboveground transceiver and ground walking locator has adopted aboveground transceiver to communicate by letter with the wireless electromagnetic between the telemetry transceiver.At least having formed unidirectional communications link from downhole transceiver to the ground walking locator of underground instrument makes (i) use first bidirectional communication link to provide first communication pattern from downhole transceiver via drill string to the aboveground transceiver of rig, (ii) provide the second communication pattern from downhole transceiver via the telemetry transceiver of unidirectional communications link, ground walking locator and second bidirectional communication link to aboveground transceiver, and (iii) controller at least in part based on the communication between system mode management downhole transceiver and the aboveground transceiver.

Description of drawings

Exemplary embodiment is presented in the reference diagram of accompanying drawing.Be intended to show: embodiment disclosed herein and accompanying drawing are exemplary and not restrictive.

Fig. 1 is the elevation diagrammatic view that has utilized the system of advanced drill string coupled system of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 is the diagram perspective drawing of an embodiment of coupling adapter, and wherein this coupling adapter has utilized and has been used for from the current transformer that conducts electricity the drill string coupled signal and couple a signal to the conduction drill string.

Fig. 3 is the diagrammatic view of another embodiment of coupling adapter, and wherein this coupling adapter has formed and has been used for from the electric external series gap that conducts electricity the drill string coupled signal and couple a signal to the conduction drill string.

Fig. 4 is the perspective illustration view of an embodiment of underground instrument, and this underground instrument is the form of the drill bit that is connected to coupling adapter embodiment of the present disclosure and ground lower house.

Fig. 5 is the perspective illustration view of another embodiment of underground instrument, and this underground instrument is the tension monitoring device that is connected to coupling adapter embodiment of the present disclosure and the form of reaming tool.

Fig. 6 is the block diagram that has shown embodiment of the electronic section that can use with coupling adapter of the present disclosure.

Fig. 7 has shown to can be used on the rig place or as the block diagram of an embodiment of the electronic section of the part of drill string repeater, wherein this drill string repeater cooperates with the coupling adapter of the present disclosure of serving underground instrument.

Fig. 8 is the block diagram of the embodiment of advanced two-way drill string communication system.

Fig. 9 is the approximate model of the drill string that is made of a plurality of conduction drilling pipe segmentations that removably connect.

Figure 10 a and Figure 10 b are the block diagrams of embodiment that the details of advanced downhole transceiver and advanced aboveground transceiver is shown respectively.

Figure 11 a is the block diagram of the embodiment of linear channel equalizer.

Figure 11 b is the block diagram of the embodiment of DFF.

Figure 12 a and Figure 12 b are respectively the block diagrams of the embodiment of linear towards the compliance of judgement in DFF.

Figure 13 a starts and the flow chart of the embodiment of the method that reinitializes for system of the present disclosure.

Figure 13 b is the flow chart for the embodiment of the method for dynamically/automatically controlling the framing signal transmission.

Figure 13 c is that demonstration shows effective/disarmed state of framing signal and the screenshot capture of the embodiment of the outward appearance of the ability that changes current state.

Figure 14 is the flow chart for the embodiment of the method for cooperative operation aboveground and downhole transceiver of the present disclosure.

Figure 15 is the flow chart of the embodiment of the communication protocol method between downhole transceiver of the present disclosure and the portable navigation system.

Figure 16 is the flow chart for the embodiment of the method for operation communication controller.

The specific embodiment

Propose following the description and make those of ordinary skills can make and use the present invention, and under patent application and its requirement background, provide following description.To easily become apparently to those skilled in the art to the various modification of described embodiment, and the General Principle of instruction herein goes for other embodiment.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to illustrated embodiment, but meet as limiting consistent with principle as herein described and the feature wide region that comprises modification and equivalent within the scope of the appended claims.It should be noted that accompanying drawing is not drawn to scale, and be the diagram that is considered to have illustrated best the mode of interest characteristics in essence.Can use descriptive term about these explanations, yet it is for the ease of the reader understanding that this term adopts, and is not to be intended to restriction.Further, proportionally do not draw accompanying drawing in order to show clear.

Be back to accompanying drawing now, parts identical in each accompanying drawing are represented by identical reference number, immediately with attention directing Fig. 1, Fig. 1 schematically shows constructed according to the present disclosure and generally by the elevation of an embodiment of the horizontal directional drilling system of reference number 10 expressions.Though system shown has shown that the present invention is in horizontal directional drilling system and its framework that is used for the parts of drilling operation under the place of execution, but about other operation sequence (include but not limited to vertical drill-well operation, communal facilities be used for to be installed retract operation, mapping operation etc.), the present invention enjoys and is equal to applicability.

Fig. 1 has shown in regional 12 operated system 10.System 10 comprises the rig 14 with drill string 16, and drill string 16 extends to boring bar tool 20a or 20b from rig 14.To it should be noted that the reason in order becoming apparent, to have shown two examples and boring bar tool 20a and the 20b of the bottom, ground of drill string 12a and 12b.Use solid line to show example 16a and the boring bar tool 20a of drill string, and make with dashed lines show example 16b and the boring bar tool 20b of drill string in illusory mode.It should be understood that and during given sub-terrain operations, only use one selected in two illustrative example.General reference to drill string and boring bar tool can be used reference number 16 and 20.Drill string can be pushed in the ground generally to descend movably instrument 20 at least along the forward direction 22 shown in the arrow.Although this example is to make up according to the use of boring bar tool, yet be understood that, discussion is applicable to the underground instrument of any suitable form, include but not limited to reaming tool, the retract operation tension monitoring instrument that uses during (wherein communal facilities or housing can be installed), the drawing instrument (for example, using the monitoring of inertial guidance unit and down-hole pressure) that is used for drawing bore path.In the operation of boring bar tool, expectation is monitored based on the propelling of drill string usually, and in such as other operation that retracts operation, monitors in response to recalling of drill string usually.

Continuation is with reference to figure 1, and drill string 16 partly illustrates and is segmented, thereby is made of the independent drilling pipe segmentation of a plurality of removable attachment, and some drilling pipe segmentation table wherein are shown 1,2, N-1 and N, have section length and wall thickness.The drilling pipe segmentation is called the drilling rod with pole length interchangeably.In rig operating period, in order to advance underground instrument, can once a drilling pipe segmentation be increased to drill string, and utilize movable carriage 24 that it is pushed in the ground by rig.Rig 14 can comprise suitable monitoring layout, to measure the movement that drill string enters ground, for example, the US patent No.6 that is called " SYSTEMS; ARRANGEMENTS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS FOR TRACKING AND/OR GUIDING AN UNDERGROUND BORING TOOL " in name, 035,951(hereinafter is ' 951 patents) described in, the common ownership of this patent and the application is also incorporated into by the mode of reference thus.For example, mounting ultrasonic receiver 28 can be positioned on the drilling cramp of rig, and ultrasonic transmitter 30 can be positioned on the movable carriage, and movable carriage is used for stretching out and recalling drill string.Distance between receiver 28 and the transmitter 30 can be based upon less than in one inch the scope.It moves in response to drilling rod being removed or increases to drill string by monitoring this distance and clamp arranging 32(in conjunction with monitoring) state, the length that can follow the trail of drill string.

Each drilling pipe segmentation defines between the opposed end of the pipe segmentation pass through openings 34(that extends and shows wherein two).The drilling pipe segmentation can be commonly called box and the pin accessory cooperates, make each end of given drilling pipe segmentation can be in a well-known manner with drill string in the adjacent end portion of another drilling pipe segmentation be threadedly engaged with.Constitute drill string in case the drilling pipe segmentation engages, the pass through openings of adjacent drilling pipe segmentation will aim to form the total path 36 shown in the arrow in the drilling pipe segmentation.What the path 36 of each down-hole example of drill string can be provided for drilling fluid or mud meets the pressurized flow of the direction of arrow 36 from rig to drill bit, as will be described further.

Can utilize display 44 rig 14 places (for example on the console 42) set up and show boring bar tool in zone 12 the position and the underground path on boring bar tool institute edge.Console can comprise treating apparatus 46 and control actuator devices 47.The treating apparatus 46 that it should be noted that the rig place can comprise the device that hereinafter is called as aboveground transceiver.

Boring bar tool 20 can comprise drill bit 50, and drill bit 50 has angled, to be used for turning to based on tool-face orientation (roll orientation).That is will not carry out deflection based on its tool-face of angled orientation usually when, drill bit does not rotate being pushed forward.On the other hand, when promoting drill string, by rotary drill column shown in double-head arrow 51, can make drill bit along straightaway usually.Certainly, foreseeable turning to is to be prerequisite with suitable edaphic condition.It should be noted that in order just to pass provides cooling and lubricated on the ground of drill bit front and to drill bit, and above-mentioned drilling fluid under high pressure can spray and be jet 52.Boring bar tool 20 comprises the ground lower house 54 that holds electronic packing piece 56.For following description, this electronic packing piece can be called downhole transceiver.Underground casing structure one-tenth is provided for making drilling fluid to center on electronic packing piece and flows to drill bit 50.For example, electronic packing piece can be columniform and is supported in the housing 54 in mode placed in the middle textural.Drill bit 50 can comprise the box accessory, and this box accessory receives the pin accessory of ground lower house 54.The opposed end of ground lower house can comprise the box accessory, and this box accessory receives the pin accessory of coupling adapter 60a or 60b.It should be noted that two examples of the coupling adapter that shows by non-limiting example substantially by reference number 60 expressions, are understandable that and can adopt any suitable embodiment.The opposed end of coupling adapter 60 can comprise the box accessory, and this box accessory receives the pin accessory of the bottom, ground, distally that limits drill string.It should be noted that drill bit, box and the pin accessory of lower house and coupling adapter be to be convenient to when forming drill string drilling pipe segmentation dismountable attached box and pin accessory identical box and pin accessory substantially each other in the drilling pipe segmentation with drill string.Underground electronic packing piece 56 can comprise transceiver 64, and transceiver 64 for example can transmit framing signal 66(in certain embodiments, dipole locating signal), however this is not necessarily.In certain embodiments, transceiver 64 can receive the electromagnetic signal that is generated by other underground parts, as appropriate point place description below.For descriptive purpose, this example will suppose that electromagnetic signal is the framing signal of dipole signal form.Correspondingly, electromagnetic signal can be described as framing signal.It should be understood that dipole signal can as any other electromagnetic signal through ovennodulation and afterwards this modulating data can recover from this signal.The position location functionality of signal depends on characteristic shape and its signal strength signal intensity of flux field at least in part, rather than carries the ability of modulation.Therefore, modulation not necessarily.About some parameter of boring bar tool (for example, inclination angle (pitch) and towards the angle (roll) (orientation parameter), temperature and drilling liquid pressure) information can be measured by the right sensors device 68 that is positioned at boring bar tool, sensor device 68 for example can comprise obliquity sensor, towards angle transducer, temperature pick up, the AC field sensor that is used for the about 50/60Hz public line of sensing, and any other sensor that needs, for example, the DC magnetic field sensor (three magnetometers form electronic compass with three axis accelerometer the driftage orientation is measured) that is used for sensing driftage orientation.Electronic packing piece 56 also comprises as required the processor 70 with sensor device 68 and transceiver 64 interfaces.Another sensor that can form the part of sensor device is that configuration is for detection of the accelerometer of the acceleration on one or more axles.The battery (not shown) can be arranged in the housing, is used for providing electric power.

Ground walking/portable navigation system 80 can be used for detecting electromagnetic signal 66.The US patent No.6 that is called " FLUX PLANE LOCATING IN AN UNDERGROUND DRILLING SYSTEM " in name, 496, described a kind of suitable and highly advanced portable navigation system in 008, the common ownership of this patent and the application also all is incorporated herein it by the mode of reference thus.As mentioned above, although for descriptive purpose has adopted the framework of horizontal directional drilling, yet this description is applicable to various sub-terrain operations, and is not to be intended to restriction.As above discuss, electromagnetic signal can be carried the information that comprises orientation parameter (for example, inclination angle and towards the angle).Electromagnetic signal also can be carried out of Memory.Such information for example can comprise near boring bar tool or the parameter that records in boring bar tool inside, comprise temperature and voltage (for example battery or supply voltage).Locator 80 comprises electronic packing piece 82.It should be noted that each unit interface of electronic packing piece and locator in order to carry out telecommunication, and can carry out data and handle.Can in any suitable manner information of interest be modulated on the electromagnetic signal 66, and transfer to the antenna 84 at locator 80 and/or rig place, yet this not necessarily.Current modulation obtainable or untapped any suitable form all can be used.The example of the modulation of current obtainable adequate types comprises amplitude modulation(PAM), frequency modulation(PFM), phase place modulation and modification thereof.May be displayed on the display 44 and/or as be presented on the display 86 of locator 80 from this framing signal with recovering about any parameters of interest (for example, inclination angle) of drilling well.Rig 14 can transmit telemetered signal 98, and telemetered signal 98 can be received by locator 80.Telemetered signal 92 can transfer to rig via telemetering antenna 94 from locator 80.The remote measurement parts are provided for the bidirectional signaling between rig and the locator 80.As an example of such signalling, based on the state of clamping device 32, rig can just increase to drill string or removes (during this period, clamp arrange engage with drill string) and transmit the indication that drill string remains static from drill string because of the drilling pipe segmentation.

Still with reference to figure 1, cable 100 can extend out from underground electronic packing piece 56, make can be on this cable Electrical Transport any sensing value or the parameter relevant with the operation of underground instrument.What those skilled in the art will appreciate that is, be commonly referred to as " pipe center line (wire-in-pipe) " can be used for signal is transferred to rig.Term pipe center line refers to the cable that is contained in the inner passage 34 that is formed by drill string.Yet according to the disclosure, cable 100 extends to the embodiment of underground coupling adapter 60 or other lower device suitably.As mentioned above, be coupled to first embodiment of boring bar tool 50a by reference number 60a indication, and second embodiment that is coupled to boring bar tool 50b is further described as hereinafter being about to by reference number 60b indication.

Notice is pointed to Fig. 2 and now in conjunction with Fig. 1.Fig. 2 is the diagram perspective drawing that shows the embodiment 60a of coupling adapter in further detail.It should be noted that, coupling adapter 60a represents an embodiment of suitable coupling device as mentioned above, and the sequence number that is called " DRILL STRING COUPLING ADAPTER AND METHOD FOR INGROUND SIGNAL COUPLING " in name is No.13/035, at length be described in 774 the US patent application, by the mode of reference the full content of this patent application incorporated into thus.Particularly, coupling adapter 60a comprises main body 120, and main body 120 forms pin accessory 122 in order to engage with the box accessory (not shown) of ground lower house 54.To it should be noted that in order showing clear at the pin accessory screw thread not to be shown, to it should be understood that to there being screw thread.Main body comprises at least one high-tension electricity coupling assembling.Coupling adapter 60a also comprises ennation 140, and ennation 140 removably is attached to main body 120 and makes and can change main body or ennation.Main body and ennation can be formed by any suitable material, are for example formed by nonmagnetic alloy (comprising non-magnetic stainless steel) and magnetic alloy (for example, 4140,4142,4340 or any suitable high strength steel).Particularly, when perhaps many drilling rods were placed coupling adapter apart from the many feet of the electronic module that drives coupling adapter, non magnetic form may be dispensable.Yet, if near the underground device (for example, steering tool) that detects the earth's magnetic field, use coupling adapter, use nonmagnetic substance to avoid potential magnetic interference.Well-known in this is that non magnetic high-strength alloy is compared much higher usually aspect the cost with their magnetic respective material.It should be noted that the such requirement that does not exist main body and ennation to be formed by same material.

Cylindrical ring 144 is contained between main body 120 and the ennation 140.It should be noted that it is visible making cylindrical ring be rendered as the transparent current transformer 160 that makes for this explanation.Cylindrical ring can be formed by any suitable material that usually underground environment is had resistance and an electric insulation.By non-limiting example, a kind of suitable material is the phase transformation toughened zirconia pottery, and other ceramic materials may also be suitable.As Fig. 2 finding, the external surface of cylindrical ring 144 can be insert with respect to the external surface of main body and ennation, and purpose is to reduce the potential damage of cylindrical ring and reduce wearing and tearing on the cylindrical ring.For example, based on this insert, clamp to arrange 32(Fig. 1) can cross-over connection and maintenance do not contact with cylindrical ring.Further, can reduce because of drill string rotation, advance and recall the underground wearing and tearing of the cylindrical ring that causes.In this, it should be understood that because of similar reason that electrical connection module 130 can be insert, as shown in Figure 2.Current transformer can comprise the coil that is wrapped on annular or the annular core.In this regard, iron core can comprise any suitable cross-sectional shape, for example, rectangle, square and circular.In illustrated embodiment, iron core can be separate so that the installation of current transformer.Can be coupled to the cable 100 at electrical connection module 130 places from a pair of electric lead of the opposed end of current mutual inductor coil.It should be understood that can use any suitable current mutual inductor and concrete current transformer described herein is not as restrictive.The opposed end 170 of ennation 140 defines the box accessory that is threadedly engaged with for the underground distal end with drill string.About Fig. 1, it should be understood that coupling adapter 60 can be installed between any two adjacent drilling pipe segmentations when at rig place assembling drill string.For example, the suitable embodiment of coupling adapter can be between drilling pipe segmentation N-1 and N among Fig. 1.Then, cable 100 extends through drilling pipe segmentation n from underground instrument and arrives coupling adapter.

Notice turns to Fig. 3 now, and Fig. 3 is the diagram perspective drawing that shows the embodiment of coupling adapter 60b.It should be noted that, Fig. 3 is No.13/593 corresponding to the sequence number that name is called " DRILL STRING INGROUND ISOLATOR IN AN MWD SYSTEM AND ASSOCIATED METHOD ", Fig. 2 of 439 US patent application (' 439 applications hereinafter referred to as) introduces the full content of this application by the reference mode thus.The embodiment of Fig. 3 represents among disclosed numerous suitable embodiment in ' 439 applications.Among these embodiment each has formed electric external series gap or the interruption in the drill string in being positioned drill string shown in Figure 1 the time.' 439 applications also disclose the underground interchangeable tools system that forms electric external series gap, as another the useful embodiment under the application's background.

This assembly comprises the pin end housing 200 with pin accessory 202, and pin accessory 202 defines through channel, and cable 100 can extend out to carry out external electric from this through channel and connect.Box end housing 210 defines box accessory 212.Pin accessory 202 and box accessory 212 can with drilling pipe segmentation (the drilling pipe segmentation constitutes drill string 16) on the accessory coupling, make isolator can insert any desired joint in the drill string.Isolator also comprise with pin boss end of body 200 and box shell end 210 in each the biography dynamic interlocking teeth that engages (drive dog) housing 220, wherein pass the dynamic interlocking teeth housing and be electrically coupled to pin boss body in the whole assembly.Pin boss end of body in the present embodiment, box shell end and biography dynamic interlocking teeth housing are made by suitable high-strength material usually, for example, 4340,4140,4142 and 15-15HS or Monel K 500(wherein back two kinds be non magnetic high-strength alloy), this is because these parts suffer potential disadvantageous subsurface environment and extreme relatively power.Based on the deployment (can be any suitable shape) of a plurality of electric insulating elements 270, box end housing 210 isolates to limit electricity isolation/clearance for insulation with pin end housing 200 electricity.

To it should be understood that in order coupling a signal on the drill string and can to use any suitably-arranged, and do not think restrictive for the details about the concrete structure of illustrated embodiment that realizes coupling a signal to drill string.For example, the sequence number that is called " INGROUND DRILL STRING HOUSING AND METHOD FOR SIGNAL COUPLING " in name is No.13/035, described the another kind of suitably-arranged of utilizing current transformer in 833 the US patent application, by the mode of reference the full content of this patent application has been incorporated into.In this latter used, current transformer was by underground housings support, and the ground lower house can also support electronic packing piece.In addition, prior art comprises that statement at least arranges the example of other layout of electric external series gap.By example, US patent No.7,649,474 at third column the 33rd to 42 line description use the material of the glass fiber segmentation for example dispose metal end to form the straightforward procedure that the electricity in the drill string is isolated segmentation.

Fig. 4 is the perspective illustration view, shows the underground instrument 20 that is the boring bar tool form, and it has drill bit 50.For the disclosure, coupling adapter/isolator 60 or other suitably-arranged are installed as having the part of the drill string of aboveground part 400 and down-hole part 402.The down-hole part of drill string can comprise for example drill bit housing of any suitable ground lower house 54() and/or isolator 60 is connected to one or more intervention drilling pipe segmentation (not shown) of ground lower house.In this example, the ground lower house is drill bit or boring bar tool.Cable 100 can in the through channel of drill string, extend to electronic packing piece 56 in case with drill string transceiver 64(Fig. 1) telecommunication.Depend on specific embodiment, the conductor of cable 100 for example can be connected to current transformer or connect in the mode of cross-over connection electricity external series gap.As above discuss, drilling fluid can flow to arrive the underground distal end (for example drill bit) of drill string around electronics kit.In the illustrated embodiment, for from transceiver 64(Fig. 1) transmitting 66, ground lower house 54 comprises groove 420.Coupling adapter 60 removably is attached to ground lower house 54, and ground lower house 54 self is ready to removably be attached to the distal end of drill string.

Fig. 5 is the perspective illustration view, and it shows the underground instrument 20 that is the reaming tool form, and it comprises the reamer (reamer) 422 of an end that removably is attached to ground lower house 54.In this embodiment, in the mode identical with Fig. 4 housing 54 and coupling adapter 60 are set additionally.When rig draws reaming tool, in order to enlarge boring, draw reaming tool along the direction 424 shown in the arrow at drill string.The opposed end of reaming tool is attached to an end of tension monitoring device 430.The opposed end of tension monitoring device can be attached to the communal facilities (not shown), draws this communal facilities in order to this communal facilities is installed in the boring by the boring that enlarges.Tension monitoring device 430 is measured at the pulling force that puts on during the ream operation on the communal facilities.At US patent No.5, a kind of suitable and highly favourable tension monitoring device has been described in 961,252, the common ownership of this United States Patent (USP) and the application and the mode by reference are incorporated herein its full content.Tension monitoring device 430 can transmit electromagnetic signal 434, and the tension monitoring data can be modulated in electromagnetic signal 434.Signal 434 can be by transceiver 64(Fig. 1) receive, make can make Current Transformer 160(referring to Fig. 2) corresponding data is placed on the drill string in order to transfer to rig.It should be understood that and to receive wireless signal by transceiver 64 from any type of underground instrument, and the present embodiment of having described tension monitoring device is not to be intended to restriction.For example, can use plotting unit to replace tension monitoring device in another embodiment.Such plotting unit for example can utilize inertial navigation system (INS) to operate.

Fig. 6 is the block diagram that further is shown specifically the embodiment of electronic section 56.Part 56 can comprise the underground digital signal processor 510 of the transceiver 64 realization all functions that realize Fig. 1.Sensor section 68 can be electrically connected to digital signal processor 510 via analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 512.The sensor of any appropriate combination can be provided at given application, and for example can from accelerometer 520, magnetometer 522, temperature pick up 524 and pressure sensor 526, select, pressure sensor 526 can from drill string and/or in the annular region of the down-hole part of drill string the pressure of sensing drilling fluid before the jet drilling liquid.Adapter/isolator 60 is shown as with way of illustration the down-hole part 402 of drill string is separated with the aboveground part 400 of drill string, in the one or both sending mode (data are coupled on the drill string) and the receiving mode (recovering data from drill string).As shown in the figure, can jointly be represented by reference number 528 by the first lead 528a and the second lead 528b() electronic section is connected the electric insulation that formed by isolator/isolation interrupts two ends.In making the embodiment of Current Transformer, these leads can be connected to the current transformer lead.About sending mode, can use the antenna drive part 530 that is connected electrically between underground digital signal processor 510 and the lead 528 with direct driving drill string.Usually, for fear of interference, can use the frequency different with any frequency that is used for driving dipole antenna 540 that the data that are coupled to drill string are modulated, dipole antenna 540 can be launched above-mentioned signal 66(Fig. 1).When antenna driver 530 disconnects, on/off switch (SW) 550 can optionally be connected to lead 528 bandpass filter (BPF) 552, and the centre frequency that bandpass filter (BPF) 552 has is corresponding to the centre frequency of the data-signal that receives from drill string.BPF552 then is connected to analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 554, and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 554 self is connected to Digital Signal Processing part 510.Consider the modulation of the particular form that adopts, those skilled in the art can be easily be configured the recovery of modulated data in the digital signal processing.

Still with reference to figure 6, dipole antenna 540 can connect for use in one in sending mode (signal 66 is sent in the surrounding ground) and the receiving mode (receiving for example electromagnetic signal of the signal 434 of Fig. 5) or the two.About sending mode, use the antenna drive part 560 that is connected electrically between underground digital signal processor 510 and the dipole antenna 540 with driven antenna.In addition, the frequency of signal 66 will obviously be different from the frequency of drill string signal usually to avoid interference therebetween.When antenna driver 560 disconnects, on/off switch (SW) 570 can optionally be connected to dipole antenna 540 bandpass filter (BPF) 572, and the centre frequency that bandpass filter (BPF) 572 has is corresponding to the centre frequency of the data-signal that receives from dipole antenna.BPF572 then is connected to analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 574, and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 574 self is connected to Digital Signal Processing part 510.Consider the modulation of the particular form that adopts and consider this whole disclosures that those of ordinary skills can easily be configured the transceiver electronic device that is used for the Digital Signal Processing part in many suitable embodiment.In view of disclosed instruction herein, can revise design shown in Figure 6 in any suitable manner.

With reference to figure 1 and Fig. 7, the latter can constitute the block diagram of the parts of the embodiment of transceiver devices on the ground, and transceiver devices is generally by reference number 600 expressions and be coupled to drill string 16 on the ground.On the ground current transformer 602 for example is positioned on the rig 14 in order to couple a signal to drill string 16 and/or from drill string 16 restoring signals.Current transformer 602 can be electrically connected for use in the one or both sending mode (modulating data on the drill string) and the receiving mode (recovering modulated data from drill string).Transceiver electronic packing piece 606 is connected to current transformer, and can be battery-powered or made by the rig power supply and can obtain endless substantially electric power.Just in this point, aboveground through-put power is usually always greater than the downhole transmitted power of battery-powered downhole transceiver.Therefore, downhole transmitted power can be selected in the downhole transmitted power bracket, and the downhole transmitted power bracket is lower than minimum aboveground through-put power makes aboveground power always greater than any selected downhole transmitted power.In one embodiment, maximum downhole transmitted power can be low to moderate 1 watt.Usually, be difficult to obtain to surpass 5 watts peak power at battery supply.In one embodiment, can obtain higher power level (for example, 3 to 5 watts) by the energy that uses ultracapacitor to store from battery.Yet, because the finite energy capacity of ultracapacitor, thus the work period will be restricted.By contrast, aboveground through-put power (even being minimum value) can be 100 watts.For sending mode, use the antenna drive part 610 that is connected electrically between digital signal processor 618 summation current transformers 602 of ground with the drive current mutual inductor.In addition, for fear of interference, can use and be used for dipole antenna 540(Fig. 1 and Fig. 6 of lower house 54 drivingly) different and signal is urged to the different frequency of frequency on the bottom, ground of drill string with isolator 60 data that are coupled in the drill string are modulated.When antenna driver 610 disconnects, on/off switch (SW) 620 can optionally be connected to current transformer 602 bandpass filter (BPF) 622, and the centre frequency that bandpass filter (BPF) 622 has is corresponding to the centre frequency of the data-signal that receives from drill string.BPF622 then is connected to analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 630, and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 630 self is connected to Digital Signal Processing part 618.It should be understood that Digital Signal Processing part 618 and comprise the associated components of aboveground transceiver that the treating apparatus 46(that can form rig makes and is shown in broken lines) a part, perhaps be connected to treating apparatus 46 in appropriate interface 634.Transceiver 606 can send order to underground instrument, to realize various purposes, for example, control through-put power, selection modulating frequency, change data format (for example, reducing baud rate to increase the decoding scope) etc.Consider the modulation of the particular form that adopts and consider this whole disclosures that those of ordinary skills can easily be configured the transceiver electronic device that is used for the Digital Signal Processing part in many suitable embodiment.

Still with reference to figure 1 and Fig. 7, in repeater embodiment, another underground isolator device 640(is presented in the frame of broken lines) replace current transformer 602 with another example of ground lower house 54.Device 640 any suitable embodiment that can comprise according to underground adapter/isolator of the present disclosure, it is included in another example of the isolator that uses at underground instrument place.In this device, isolator is connected to transceiver 606(Fig. 6) and insert as the unit in the joint (by example, at 1000 feet places of the underground instrument of distance) of drill string and serve in the mode of repeater.Therefore, the segmentation 400 ' of drill string can be connected to isolator rig, and the segmentation 402 ' of drill string is as the medial section of the drill string between the isolator 60 at isolator device 640 and underground instrument place.Repeater units for example can be inserted the joint between the drilling pipe segmentation 1 and 2 that is formed on Fig. 1.The ground lower house that is used for repeater applications can be included in the box accessory and the pin accessory of locating in relative end at place, an end.Certainly, the adapter that persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that box and pin accessory is well-known and can easily obtains.In another embodiment, isolator device 640 can insert joint, and simultaneously repeater electronics is contained in by centralizer (centralizer) and is supported in the pressure measuring cylinder in the through channel of adjacent drilling pipe segmentation.In yet another embodiment, repeater electronics can place the housing of end load or side loaded, and to insert in the drill string with the mode of isolator telecommunication.The housing of this end or side loaded can comprise that the permission drilling fluid flows through passage wherein.Certainly, in these embodiments any one, repeater electronics can with above describe consistent mode and be electrically connected to isolator.Disturb and mode by non-limiting example for fear of signal, repeater can pick up the signal that is derived from underground instrument or another repeater with a carrier frequency, and for signal can be distinguished each other, this repeater electronics can be transmitted signal again with different carrier frequencies on drill string.As another example, can use suitable modulation so that signal can be distinguished.Therefore, can hold the repeater electronic packing piece with any suitable manner that produces repeater signal (it is different from the data-signal of reception) with the signal coupling apparatus telecommunication of isolator so that based on the data-signal that receives.

Notice is pointed to Fig. 8 now, and Fig. 8 is the block diagram that shows generally by the embodiment of the advanced two-way drill string communication system of reference number 700 expressions.System 700 comprises aboveground transceiver 702 and downhole transceiver 704.Aboveground transceiver 702 can comprise the feature of the previously described transceiver 600 of Fig. 7 usually at least, and downhole transceiver 704 can comprise the feature of the previously described downhole transceiver 56 of Fig. 6 usually at least, thereby comprises the setting for the emission framing signal.Therefore, this intercommunication system can send data at the drilling pipe that constitutes drill string 16/bar upper edge both direction.The applicant recognizes, at least because for example from dipole antenna 540(Fig. 6) signal strength signal intensity of the electromagnetic signal of emission (with cube being inversely proportional to of distance) experience consume along with distance, so system 700 brings benefit by avoiding at least some signals emissions by ground.For given through-put power, transmit the increase that can obtain communication range as electric conductor by using drill string.Disclosed technology provides the further improvement of using this two-way communication via drill string hereinafter.

The applicant recognizes, has some challenges about transmitting the signal of telecommunication by drill string.For example, rig can be electrically coupled to the electrical/electronic noise from its system in the drill string.As another example, electromagnetic noise can for example spread out of along the drilling well path from underground power line and the tracker line relevant with fiber optic cables etc.This noise can be coupled on the drill string via the electric conductivity of soil.As another example, distorted signals may be owing to constitute the drilling rod of drill string, the interconnection between the drilling rod and drill string soil on every side and produce.Signal degradation is described in the influence that is discussed in detail the signal of telecommunication that noise and distortion carry drill string subsequently, proposes to relate at least three kinds of methods and the relevant device of the such communication system of further enhancing afterwards.As seeing, these methods relate to: the scanning of (1) noise, (2) balanced and (3) training or customization receiver.

As above discuss, the electrical noise in the drill string can be coupled to drill string from rig and/or via the underground source (for example underground power line) of electric conductivity from soil of soil.These noises depend on the surrounding environment at situ of drilling well place, and therefore, can change along with the difference at scene.Correspondingly, suppose that noise is by function n(t) expression, and not only can be the broadband but also can be the arrowband.By nonrestrictive example, narrow-band noise comprises the first-harmonic of 50 or 60 cycle power line noises, and broadband noise comprises the harmonic wave of power line communication (PLC), motor controller noise and 50 or 60 cycle power line frequencies.

Distortion can produce owing to the electric conductivity of the electric parasitic elements of introducing by drilling rod (for example interconnection between the drilling rod) and the soil around the drilling rod.Fig. 9 shows in the soil generally an approximate model by the drill string of reference number 720 expressions.Drill string is made of N drilling rod, and the electric conductivity of soil be difficult at least to a certain extent the definition, yet it can be by the model close approximation that illustrates.This electric model can be represented by following mathematics Laplce expression formula:

$\frac{V_{\mathrm{out}}\left(s\right)}{V_{\mathrm{in}}\left(s\right)}={C\left(s\right)|}_{s=\mathrm{j\ω}}=\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\Π}}_{i=0}^{N-1}(1+a_{i}s)}\mathrm{EQ}---\left(1\right)$

A wherein _iBe constant and limited by the electric parasitic resistor of model and the electric conductivity of capacitor and soil, for example, shown in Fig. 9.Term " channel " refers to whole paths of the interconnection drilling pipe segmentation of extending between downhole transceiver 704 and aboveground transceiver 702.Hereinafter, channel can refer to the electrical characteristics of whole drill string.Equation EQ(1) can be called the transfer function of channel.Can express equation EQ(1 with more familiar form as shown belowly):

$C\left(s\right)=\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=0}^{N-1}{b}_i{s}^i}\mathrm{EQ}---\left(2\right)$

Equation EQ(2) having disclosed channel image-tape limit wave filter (band limiting filter) equally acts on the transmission signal.Equation EQ(2) have the time domain expression formula, as follows:

$c\left(t\right)=L^{-1}\left\{C\left(s\right)\right\}\mathrm{EQ}---\left(3\right)$

L wherein ^-1Refer to inverse Laplace transformation.The interaction of the signal of telecommunication that hereinafter is about to discuss noise and distortion and is carried by the drilling pipe segmentation that constitutes drill string.

Notice is pointed to Figure 10 a and Figure 10 b now, and Figure 10 a and Figure 10 b are respectively the block diagrams that shows about the details of downhole transceiver 704 and aboveground transceiver 702.Primitively, the transmitter 800 that it should be noted that aboveground transceiver 702 can be any suitable type, for example, use to be used for drive current mutual inductor 602(Fig. 7) the configuration of H bridge.Can be used the receiver of any adequate types by the receiver 802(in the downhole transceiver 704 by the signal of transmitter 800 generations; for example; comprise the front-end protection circuit that is coupled to low-noise preamplifier, following after the low-noise preamplifier is the bandpass filter that is coupled to analog-to-digital converter and digital signal processor) receive.In this regard, it should be noted that such receiver is generally used for receiving framing signal 66.About transmitter 800 and receiver 802, the applicant has realized that for the communication of break-through to downhole transceiver, can obtain quantity-unlimiting substantially power at the rig place, as below will further discussing.Transmitter portion 802 in downhole transceiver 704 receives the sensing data 812 that converts digital form to.Sensing data is encoded by data encoder/encryption section 810 and is encrypted.It should be understood that data encryption in this regard not necessarily.Though embodiment described herein adopts the modification of phase-shift keying (PSK) by non-limiting example, yet it should be understood that the modulation that to use current obtainable or untapped any suitable form, still depend on instruction disclosed herein simultaneously.Other appropriate modulation scheme comprises for example frequency shift keying (FSK) and graceful Chester coding.Multiplexer 910 can optionally be coupled to data the MPSK(multiple phase shift keying then) modulator 912, in order to be modulated on the carrier wave.The MPSK modulator can carry out 2 ^MPhase place modulation, M={1 wherein, 2,3,4}.Multiplexer 914 can be selected then be used to the modulated signal that is electromagnetically coupled on the drill string.Coupled signal can have the mathematic(al) representation of following form:

$y\left(t\right)=\sqrt{P_T}\cos \left({\mathrm{\θ}}_k\right)d\left(t\right)\cos \left(2\mathrm{\π}{f}_c\right)+\sqrt{P_T}\sin \left({\mathrm{\θ}}_k\right)d\left(t\right)\sin \left(2\mathrm{\π}{f}_c\right)\mathrm{EQ}---\left(4a\right)$

P wherein _TBe through-put power, f _cBe carrier frequency, θ _kBe the carrier phase of expression data bit, and d(t) be baseband signal.For example, if M=1, MPSK becomes the BPSK(binary phase shift keying so), wherein according to following maps binary data:

As another example, for M=2, MPSK becomes the QPSK(QPSK), it is mapped in four phase places one with two binary data bit.Show two positions below to carrier phase { θ _kA kind of mapping of QPSK:

$\left[\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{0,0}\\ \mathrm{0,1}\\ \mathrm{1,0}\\ \mathrm{1,1}\end{array}\right]\⇔\left[\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{\π}/4\\ 3\mathrm{\π}/4\\ 5\mathrm{\π}/4\\ 7\mathrm{\π}/4\end{array}\right]\mathrm{EQ}---\left(4c\right)$

Correspondingly, four data symbols of four carrier phase value representations in QPSK embodiment.

At equation EQ(4a) in, d(t) be expressed as follows the baseband signal of restriction:

$d\left(t\right)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}p(t-k{T}_b)\mathrm{EQ}---\left(5a\right)$

T wherein _bBe bit duration, and p(t) can be defined as follows:

$p\left(t\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1,& 0\≤t\≤T_b\\ 0,& t>T_b\end{array}\right.\mathrm{EQ}---\left(5b\right)$

In response to the transmission of the signal of telecommunication on drill string, signal is decayed because of noise and distortion when arriving the receiver relative place, end of drill string (for example).The signal that receives of decay can be described as follows with mathematical way:

$r\left(t\right)=\sqrt{P_L{P}_T}\cos \left({\mathrm{\θ}}_k\right)f\left(t\right)\cos \left(2\mathrm{\π}{f}_c\right)+\sqrt{P_L{P}_T}\sin \left({\mathrm{\θ}}_k\right)f\left(t\right)\sin \left(2\mathrm{\π}{f}_c\right)+n\left(t\right)\mathrm{EQ}---\left(6a\right)$

P wherein _L＜1 expression transmission signal suffers for example to leak to the power dissipation in the conductive soil in propagating by the drilling pipe segmentation.Term n(t) expression is incorporated into noise on the drill string from surrounding environment, and noise increases to the transmission signal.Function f (t) is represented by the baseband waveform of channel distortion and be can be defined as follows:

$f\left(t\right)=d\left(t\right)*c\left(t\right)=\underset{-\∞}{\overset{\∞}{\∫}}d\left(\mathrm{\τ}\right)c(t-\mathrm{\τ})\mathrm{d\τEQ}---\left(6b\right)$

Wherein * refers to convolution algorithm, d(t) is defined in EQ(5a) in, and c(t) be defined in EQ(3) in.For example, at equation EQ(6a) in the signal of definition arrive aboveground transceiver 702 places, can carry out the demodulation sign indicating number to recover base band binary data { cos(θ to signal at aboveground transceiver 702 places _k), sin(θ _k).

Figure 10 b is the block diagram that the embodiment of aboveground transceiver 702 is shown.In this embodiment, aboveground transceiver comprises aboveground receiver 1000.The latter can be placed to via multiplexer 1002 and use and optionally communicate by letter with drill string 16 such as the suitable coupling device of current transformer 602.Receiver 1000 comprises carrier tracking loop and demodulator 1004, carrier frequency and phase place that carrier tracking loop and demodulator 1004 are followed the tracks of the signal that receives, the carrier wave of demodulation then consistently/synchronously.Certainly, the carrier tracking loop of Xuan Ding particular type and demodulator and be used in modulator complementation in the downhole transceiver.Can also adopt DTTL data transition tracking loop (DTTL) 1006 to come trace bit timing conversion, making can be with the degree of accuracy that increases to { cos(θ _k), sin(θ _k) decode.Like this, in this embodiment, the simultaneously operating of aboveground receiver can strengthen the communication capacity of himself.Detection synchronously provides at least uses the relatively more benefit of the signal detection of narrow bandwidth.Use the data decoder/decipher 1008 with aboveground data encoder and decipher 810 complementations.Channel width and SNR estimator 1010 can tracking bandwidths and the inverse relation of signal to noise ratio.For example, along with distance increases, the level of signal consume correspondingly increases.In order under the situation that increases distance, to keep given signal to noise ratio, need reduce bandwidth usually and/or increase signal power (if can obtain bigger power).About strengthening between down-hole and the aboveground transceiver via the communication of drilling pipe segmentation, can take addition thereto further to reduce the influence of noise and distortion.Be discussed in detail as following, these measures can include but not limited to: the scanning of (1) noise, (2) equilibrium, and the application of (3) training sequence.

Noise scanning

With reference to figure 10a, the electrical noise that drill string 16 carries can reduce to transmit the useful scope of signal greatly.In one embodiment, can avoid the drill string signal to transmit in the frequency that contains noise.Therefore, noise scanner 1012 can determine which frequency noise is minimum.It should be noted that noise scanner 1012 also is presented among Figure 10 b with illusory form.Therefore because aboveground noise is very different with the down-hole noise, can provide and use in these noise scanners one or two.Can use any in many appropriate method to determine which frequency contains noise and which frequency does not contain noise.By non-limiting example, for example, can be on any desired bandwidth or use the FFT(Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) with preset frequency), the DFT(discrete Fourier transform) or the PSD(power spectral density) determine noise spectrum.In this regard, the US publication application No.2011-0001633(US sequence number of submitting on July 6th, 2009 of common ownership is No.12/497,990) full content is incorporated herein by the mode of reference, and it has described the technology that is used for determining noise spectrum.In this application, under the situation that the transmitter in aboveground and downhole transceiver disconnects, swept noise more effectively.Transmitter disconnect and hypothesis with sample frequency (per second sample number) F _sTo EQ(6a) the middle noise signal n(t that represents) sample, then

FFT be

Equation EQ(7) can provide at least on the bandwidth of [0.5Fs, 0.5Fs] size as the noise of frequency function.The expected frequency that is used for transmission can be to have minimum value | R (f) | ²Obtained frequency.

In another embodiment, noise scanner 1012 can comprise bank of filters, and for example, one group of bandpass filter or one group of Goertzel wave filter are used for determining which frequency of a class frequency contains noise and which frequency does not contain noise.Can customize the bandwidth of each wave filter that constitutes bank of filters in any suitable manner.The noise power that records from k wave filter of bank of filters is

$P_{n,i}=\underset{-\∞}{\overset{\∞}{\∫}}{\left|H_i\left(f\right)\right|}^2{\left|R\left(f\right)\right|}^2\mathrm{df}=\underset{-\∞}{\overset{\∞}{\∫}}{\left|H_i\left(f\right)\right|}^2{\left|F\right\{n\left(i\right)\left\}\right|}^2\mathrm{dfEQ}---\left(8\right)$

Because each wave filter in the bank of filters can be in interested frequency place, therefore produce P _nThe wave filter of minimum value can select frequency as the noise minimum.It should be understood that the wave filter that can use any adequate types, as long as this wave filter provides the ability of determining the power in CF place or the frequency band.By non-limiting example, the embodiment of suitable filters comprises the FIR(finite impulse response (FIR)) and the IIR(IIR) wave filter.

Distorted signals is proofreaied and correct

In view of the above discussion, show: at least from actual angle, behavior image-tape limit wave filter (for example, the FIR(finite impulse response (FIR)) wave filter of the channel that is constituted by the drilling pipe segmentation of removable attachment) the same.Cause distortion at this channel signal, as EQ(6a) and EQ(6b) shown in.The applicant recognizes that the distortion of the type is expanded baseband waveform.Such phenomenon is called as intersymbol interference (ISI), and has the effect that reduces signal to noise ratio (snr), and this has shortened the useful scope of communicating by letter between down-hole and the aboveground transceiver.Can respond to proofread and correct ISI by using compensation, can implement the compensation response by using balanced device.As will be seen, balanced device comprises equalizer response, and this equalizer response can customize based on one group of equalizer coefficients, makes equalizer response applicable to range of variables in the channel transfer functions.In fact, balanced device can be considered to another FIR wave filter (also being called deconvolution filter) at receiver place, will determine coefficient based on the estimated value of channel response and the least mean-square error (MMSE) that records the difference between the data.With reference to figure 10b, same-phase balanced device 1014 and quadrature phase balanced device 1016 optionally receive from the input of the symbol of switching part 108, and switching part 108 switches in response to DTTL1006.Usually, switch in 90 degree increments for present embodiment.Other embodiment can use suitable but different switching increments.Suppose that the successful demodulation of the signal that receives makes base band data be recovered, equation EQ(6a) be reduced to same-phase and quadrature phase component:

$r_I\left(k\right)=\sqrt{P_L{P}_T}\cos \left({\mathrm{\θ}}_k\right)d\left(k\right)*b\left(k\right)+n_I\left(k\right)\mathrm{EQ}---\left(9a\right)$

$r_Q\left(k\right)=\sqrt{P_L{P}_T}\cos \left({\mathrm{\θ}}_k\right)d\left(k\right)*b\left(k\right)+n_Q\left(k\right)\mathrm{EQ}---\left(9b\right)$

B(k wherein) it is approximate to be based on the channel of FIR function.It should be understood that can be with symbol rate (referring to EQ(4c)) to EQ(9a) and EQ(9b) handle.Character " * " refers to process of convolution.

That expect is the coefficient b(k that estimation or sign are used for bandwidth efficient channel).In an embodiment, by gathering r _I(k) or r _Q(k) a N+1 sampling can be determined coefficient b(k).It should be understood that any one all can use, because channel coefficients b(k) be identical in both cases.Correspondingly, do not need to use r _I(k) and r _Q(k) both determine channel response b(k).Correspondingly,

$\left[\begin{array}{c}{r}_I\left(0\right)\\ r_I\left(1\right)\\ \·\\ \·\\ r_I\left(N\right)\end{array}\right]=$

$\sqrt{P_L{P}_T}\left[\begin{array}{ccccc}\cos \left({\mathrm{\θ}}_0\right)d\left(0\right)& 0& \·& \·& 0\\ \cos \left({\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)d\left(1\right)& \cos \left({\mathrm{\θ}}_0\right)d\left(0\right)& 0& \·& 0\\ \·& \·& \·& \·& \·\\ \·& \·& \·& \·& \·\\ \cos \left({\mathrm{\θ}}_N\right)& \·& \·& \·& \cos \left({\mathrm{\θ}}_{(N+1)-M}\right)d((N+1)-M)\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{c}b\left(0\right)\\ b\left(1\right)\\ \·\\ \·\\ b\left(N\right)\end{array}\right]+$

$\left[\begin{array}{c}{n}_I\left(0\right)\\ n_I\left(1\right)\\ \·\\ \·\\ n_I\left(N\right)\end{array}\right]\mathrm{EQ}.---\left(10\right)$

With vector form (that is, in N+1 sampling), equation EQ(10) can be write as:

r _I(k)＝H _I(k)b(k)+n _I(k)EQ (11a)

r _Q(k)＝H _Q(k)b(k)+n _Q(k)EQ (11b)

R wherein _I(i) and r _Q(i) be (N+1) column vector, H _I(i) and H _Q(i) be (N+1) * Metzler matrix, and n _I(i) and n _Q(i) be (N+1) column vector.At equation EQ(11a) and form EQ(11b) in, can use least mean-square error (MMSE) standard of discussing in the appendix A to solve channel coefficients b(k).Be expressed as in case estimate

Channel coefficients b(k), can be from following equation specified data symbol cos (θ _k) (having minimum ISI):

$\left[\begin{array}{c}{r}_I\left(0\right)\\ r_I\left(1\right)\\ \·\\ \·\\ r_I\left(N\right)\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccccccc}\hat{b}\left(0\right)& 0& \·& \·& \·& \·& 0\\ \hat{b}\left(1\right)& \hat{b}\left(0\right)& 0& \·& \·& \·& 0\\ \·& \·& \·& \·& \·& \·& \·\\ \hat{b}(M-1).& \·& \·& \·& \·& \·& \·\\ 0& \·& \·& \·& \hat{b}(M-1)& \·& \hat{b}\left(0\right)\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{c}\sqrt{P_L{P}_T}\cos \left({\mathrm{\θ}}_0\right)\\ \sqrt{P_L{P}_T}\cos \left({\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)\\ \·\\ \·\\ \sqrt{P_L{P}_T}\cos \left({\mathrm{\θ}}_N\right)\end{array}\right]$

$+\left[\begin{array}{c}{n}_I\left(0\right)\\ n_I\left(1\right)\\ \·\\ \·\\ n_I\left(N\right)\end{array}\right]\mathrm{EQ}.---\left(12\right)$

Note that d(k) be always 1 at all k values, therefore for clarity sake from aforesaid equation, omit it.Can user's formula EQ(12) general type to determine sin (θ _k) or cos (θ _k) the minimum ISI of (that is the data symbol in the orthogonal channel).Equation EQ(6a) same-phase and quadrature phase component can as above be discussed ground and handle separately, perhaps handle together.Equation EQ(9a) and EQ(9b) can write pluralize again, make EQ(6a) same-phase and quadrature phase component can handle simultaneously.In plural form, equation EQ(9a) and EQ(9b) can be write as

r _c(k)＝z(k)*b(k)+n(k)EQ (13a)

Wherein

$z\left(k\right)=\sqrt{P_L{P}_T}d\left(k\right)(\cos \left({\mathrm{\θ}}_k\right)+j\sin \left({\mathrm{\θ}}_k\right))\mathrm{EQ}---\left(13b\right)$

n(k)＝n _I(k)+n _Q(k)E _Q (13c)

Wherein In vector form, equation EQ(13a) can be write as:

r _C(k)＝Z(k)b(k)+n(k)EQ (14)

Please note Z(k) be that size is the matrix of (N+1) * M now.Use the equation EQ(A13 in the appendix A) can determine channel coefficients b(k).Similarly, the complex data symbol z(k equation EQ(13b)) can determine as follows:

$\left[\begin{array}{c}{r}_c\left(0\right)\\ r_c\left(1\right)\\ \·\\ \·\\ r_c\left(N\right)\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccccccc}\hat{b}\left(0\right)& 0& \·& \·& \·& \·& 0\\ \hat{b}\left(1\right)& \hat{b}\left(0\right)& 0& \·& \·& \·& 0\\ \·& \·& \·& \·& \·& \·& \·\\ \hat{b}(M-1).& \·& \·& \·& \·& \·& \·\\ 0& \·& \·& \·& \hat{b}(M-1)& \·& \hat{b}\left(0\right)\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{c}z\left(0\right)\\ z\left(1\right)\\ \·\\ \·\\ z\left(N\right)\end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{c}n\left(0\right)\\ n\left(1\right)\\ \·\\ \·\\ n\left(N\right)\end{array}\right]---\mathrm{EQ}.\left(15\right)$

Can use the equation EQ(A13 in the appendix A) determine complex data symbol z(k).

In general, by using balanced device can proofread and correct the ISI that is caused by the FIR channel.Figure 11 a and Figure 11 b show the general embodiment that can be used for two balanced devices under Figure 10 b background with way of illustration.In the example of MPSK, it should be noted that the identical embodiment of balanced device generally is used for same-phase and quadrature phase balanced device.First balanced device 1200 among Figure 11 a is linear channel equalizer, and its use contains the current of noise and measurement result r the preceding _I(k) or r _Q(k) or r _c(k) to eliminate ISI.

Figure 11 b shows second balanced device 1300 into non-habitual decision-feedback (DFE) balanced device, and it uses data estimator position the preceding to improve the elimination of ISI.DFE comprises feedforward filter 1302, threshold dector 1304 and feedback filter 1308.Feedforward filter 1302 and feedback filter 1308 are as linear component, and detector 1304 is introduced the non-linear element of wave filter.In an embodiment and by non-limiting example, if voltage is more than or equal to zero then threshold dector can be set to logic level 1, if voltage is less than zero then threshold dector can be set to logic level-1.The input of feedback filter 1308 comes the last position of determining of self-detector 1304.Increase to output from feedforward filter 1302 by the output with feedback filter 1308, can from estimate the position, reduce ISI.The soft estimation 1310 of balanced device 1300 each data bit of output and the hard limiter of each data bit estimate 1312." soft " data bit refers to the position that can be represented by any suitable magnitude of voltage or any suitable amplitude.For example, soft data estimator position can have {+a, the value of-b}, " a " expression any voltage or amplitude wherein, and b represents any voltage or amplitude.That is, soft estimation position is not binary system, and can be characterized by in a plurality of different values that satisfy the least mean-square error condition when balanced device 1300 convergences one.Can use the equation expression least mean-square error by obtaining output 1310 with the average of the difference of transmission data sequence.On the other hand, " hard limiter " data bit is binary system, and refers to by one group of position (before for soft estimations) of two value representations only.For example, hard limiter estimate the position only can have+1 or-1} or { value of+A Huo – A}, wherein A is amplitude or magnitude of voltage.Can provide to soft-decision forward error correction (FEC) decoder from the soft estimation of the data bit of balanced device output.Estimate that from the hard limiter of balanced device output the position can provide to hard decision fec decoder device or data deciphering-encryption equipment.When the environment that is provided by communication channel known and expect these environment facies to static/when stablizing, can determine the front feeding transfer function F(z of feedforward filter 1302 in advance) and the feedback transfer function D(z of feedback filter 1308), make and can use the non-habitual balanced device.

The another kind of form of balanced device is adaptability equalizer, and its judgement or training sequence that depends on balanced device output comes the front feeding transfer function of balanced device and the coefficient of feedback transfer function are upgraded.Figure 12 a is generally by the block diagram of the embodiment of the compliance feed forward equalizer of reference number 1400 expression.In the present embodiment, equalizer adaptation in based on hard limiter output 1312 selected one or be also shown among Figure 10 a by training bit sequence 1404() the communication channel transfer function.Can obtain training bit sequence via the switch 1408 that schematically illustrates.Feedforward filter 1410 receives input 1412 from communication port.It should be understood that feedforward filter 1410 is different with the feedforward filter 1302 of Figure 11 b, this is because the communication channel transfer function that the coefficient of wave filter 1410 can be adapted to change at least.The coefficient of wave filter 1410 can regulate error originated from input signal 1414 to be urged to least mean-square error (MSE) value.Represent the error signal of being used to regulate its coefficient by feedforward filter 1410 by oblique line with way of illustration, this oblique line passes feedforward filter.Deduct soft estimation 1310 formation error signals 1414 by hard limiter carry-out bit sequence or training bit sequence (depending on the setting of switch 1408) from balanced device.When regulating the coefficient of wave filter 1410, will tend to convergence or tend to disperse represent respectively negative slope or positive slope as the MSE of the error signal 1414 of the function of time.When the MSE of error signal 1414 represents positive slope, the compliance of wave filter or can utilize less adjusting step-length to restart or can use training sequence.When the MSE of error signal 1414 represents negative slope (that is, the MSE of error trends towards more and more littler), the convergence of the compliance of the coefficient of feedforward filter 1410.When the MSE as the error signal 1414 of the function of time is level (that is, slope is zero), has then utilized the least mean-square error value to make feedforward filter 1410 convergences and be suitable for the communication channel transfer function.When using training sequence and during utilizing the adaptable process of training sequence, transmitter must be emitted to receiver with identical training sequence in communication channel when the compliance of balanced device takes place.

Use training bit sequence (rather than estimating bit sequence) to regulate F(z adaptively) coefficient better accuracy and the more performance of balanced device can be provided, even under the situation of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).Yet what should remember is that training must be special-purpose at interval when system end extremely uses training bit sequence between the end.That is, need cooperation in order to carry out training process between aboveground and downhole transceiver, this is that perhaps vice versa because downhole transceiver transfers to aboveground transceiver with training sequence.It should be understood that if downhole transceiver comprises balanced device, then aboveground transmitter can transfer to downhole transceiver with training sequence.On the other hand, if the hard limiter of balanced device output 1312 is used for regulating feed forward equalizer 1410 with tuning F(z) coefficient, then the special-purpose training time is unwanted.

Figure 12 b is on the whole by the block diagram of the embodiment of compliance decision-feedback (DFE) balanced device of reference number 1500 expression, this balanced device used training sequence 1404 and as balanced device 1400, use in order to feed back switch 1408 hard limiter export 1312 and training sequence 1404 between can switch.Balanced device 1500 is the DFE balanced devices that comprise feedback filter 1504.Be understood that, feedback filter 1504 is different with the feedback filter 1308 of Figure 11 b, this is because hard limiter carry-out bit 1312 or the training bit sequence of balanced device can optionally be used to form error signal 1508 at least, and error signal 1508 is used for tuning feedback filter D(z adaptively then) 1504 coefficient.Use error signal 1508 is according to the variation of communications channel response tuning feedforward filter F(z adaptively) 1410 and feedback filter D(z) 1504.Depend on that the setting of switch 1408, can be with equation expression error signal 1508 by deducting soft estimation output 1310 from the hard limiter output 1312 of balanced device or from training sequence 1404.Then error signal 1508 is fed to filter D (z) and F(z), by passing F(z) 1410 and D(z) 1504 oblique line or vertical line schematically illustrate, F(z wherein) and D(z) coefficient of wave filter retuned that error signal 1508 is urged to minimum value.This minimum value can be called least mean-square error (MMSE).When MMSE increased, the coefficient of wave filter was considered to disperse.In this case, can utilize less renewal step-length or reset and restart this process by use being used for adaptive training sequence.When MMSE reduced, the coefficient of wave filter was considered to convergence.When the curve along with the variation MMSE of time or sample index (sample index) straight (that is, slope is roughly zero at least), wave filter F(z so) and coefficient D(z) be considered to convergence, and mean square error signal 1508 considered to be in minimum.When switch 1408 is selected training sequences, by with error originated from input signal 1508(by passing F(z) 1410 and D(z) 1504 oblique line or vertical line schematically represent) be urged to minimum value according to the communication channel transfer function that changes tuning F(z adaptively) and D(z) coefficient.When the balanced device in aboveground transceiver utilized training sequence to train, downhole transceiver also transferred to aboveground transceiver by channel with identical training sequence.In another embodiment, downhole transceiver can comprise passive balanced device (subject equalizer), makes aboveground transceiver that training sequence is transferred to downhole transceiver.In such embodiments, aboveground transceiver can comprise the componentry that Figure 10 a is represented, and downhole transceiver can comprise the componentry that Figure 10 b is represented.That is, the balanced device of any kind of describing herein can be arranged on aboveground and downhole transceiver in.Again, in the example of MPSK, it should be noted that the identical embodiment of balanced device generally is used for same-phase and quadrature phase balanced device.

In one embodiment, if ISI is mainly caused by drilling pipe, do not introducing the noise Consideration and do not needing to obtain under the situation of the data (in drilling environment, being subjected to influence of environmental noise) that record, can develop channel model (that is transfer function) for drilling pipe in advance by pre-determining channel transfer functions.In this case, channel transfer functions is the function of the quantity of pipe in the electrical characteristics of drilling pipe and the drill string.Therefore, can develop channel transfer functions in advance, as equation EQ(1), EQ(2) and EQ(3) as shown in.

The receiver training

In one embodiment, communication system of the present disclosure can adopt the training sequence 1404 of the balanced device of the aboveground receiver 702 that is used for training plan 10b at least.It should be noted that training sequence is also shown in the balanced device of Figure 12 a and Figure 12 b.In order to strengthen communication, can determine a plurality of receiver parameters by this process.Channel width is determined frequency range or is effectively arrived the bandwidth of aboveground transceiver.But the line frequency that can operate of recognition system makes the lowest noise frequency that falls in this channel width can be used for communication as parameter then.Other parameter comprises through-put power consume and noise power, and it can determine that downhole transmitter is used for being transmitted into the minimum power of aboveground receiver at least.It should be understood that by when still keeping enough reliable communications, operating with minimum power, can realize the remarkable enhancing of battery life in the downhole transceiver.What expect is the training sequence that selection has the length L of following auto-covariance:

T(i wherein) refers to training sequence and T _bIt is bit duration.In order to make training effectively, receiver comprises training sequence 1404(Figure 10 b of a form) copy.After training sequence was transferred to receiver, receiver can use the copy of training sequence then in the calculating of channel transfer functions and receiver signal to noise ratio (snr), to compare with the training sequence that receives.That is poor between the training sequence of storage and the training sequence of exporting from balanced device that receives.In case error (between training sequence and the estimated sequence poor) reaches LMS least mean square, training sequence can also be used for the training adaptation balanced device.Figure 12 a and Figure 12 b show adaptability equalizer and how to use training sequence.In case adaptability equalizer reaches best, minimal error solution, just can estimate channel width as follows:

Wherein

It is the discrete Fourier transform of the transfer function of balanced device.Tentation data component and noise component(s) quadrature also represent zero mean, then can be identified for the received power of data component.Suppose that balanced device has reached optimum solution, its output can be approximated to be:

$r_e\left(k\right)=\hat{z}\left(k\right)+n_e\left(k\right)\mathrm{EQ}---\left(18a\right)$

$\hat{z}\left(k\right)=\widehat{\sqrt{P_L{P}_T}\cos \left({\mathrm{\θ}}_k\right)}+J\widehat{\sqrt{P_L{P}_T}\sin \left({\mathrm{\θ}}_k\right)}\mathrm{EQ}---\left(18b\right)$

It should be noted that

Be at equation EQ(13b) in the training sequence z(k of definition) estimation, and when balanced device reaches optimum solution, estimation and training sequence are at least about equally.Therefore, the power of component of signal can be determined as follows:

$R_d={\left|\frac{1}{L}\underset{k=0}{\overset{L-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}(\hat{z}\left(k\right)+n_e\left(k\right))\frac{z^{*}\left(k\right)}{\sqrt{P_L{P}_T}d\left(t\right)}\right|}^2=P_L{P}_T\mathrm{EQ}---\left(19\right)$

Wherein It is the training sequence that is stored in the receiver place.The received power that is used for noise component(s) can be determined as follows:

$R_n=\frac{1}{L}\underset{k=0}{\overset{L-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{(\hat{z}\left(k\right)+n_e\left(k\right))}^2-R_d\frac{1}{L}\underset{k=0}{\overset{L-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{z\left(k\right)}{\sqrt{P_L{R}_T}}\frac{z\left(k\right)}{\sqrt{P_L{P}_T}}=\frac{1}{M}\underset{k=1}{\overset{L}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{n}_e{\left(k\right)}^2\mathrm{EQ}---\left(20\right)$

Note that d(k) for all k values, be always 1, therefore for clarity sake at EQ(20) in omission it.At equation EQ(20) in, second and be the auto-correlation of training sequence, so it can be determined in advance.In addition, be quadrature and the hypothesis with zero mean by data component and noise component(s), can obtain EQ(20) in the result.According to respectively at EQ(19) and EQ(20) in the received power that is used for data component and noise component(s) that limits, the signal to noise ratio at receiver place is determined, and is as follows:

$\mathrm{SNR}=\frac{R_d}{R_n}\mathrm{EQ}---\left(21\right)$

Through training the receiver balance device, determining channel width and received signal to noise ratio, the transmission frequency of transmitter and transmit power level all can arrange to provide reliable and power efficient communication between transmitter and receiver.

System's operation

Notice is pointed to Figure 13 a now, and Figure 13 a shows generally the embodiment by the method for reference number 1700 expressions, and it is at least applicable to starting in response to error condition and reinitializing system.This method starts from energising at 1702 places.After energising and under the situation of aboveground and downhole transmitter disconnection, 1704, downhole transceiver is used a kind of (for example, the method described in the above-mentioned US publication application No.2011-0001633 that the incorporates into) swept noise in the method for above-mentioned discussion.It should be noted that in another embodiment the noise scanner can be in aboveground transceiver.After noise scanning, 1706, the transceiver that comprises suitable noise scanner can select to be defined as containing the transmission frequency of minimal noise.1708, selected frequency is used for order is sent to downhole transceiver then, wherein has enough power and makes its arrival.As mentioned above, the applicant recognizes, can obtain quantity-unlimiting substantially power at the rig place, only makes by using enough through-put powers almost always can set up communication from rig to subsurface equipment.In one embodiment, aboveground transceiver can use emission maximum device power to come firing order at least at first.Some embodiment can comprise the peak power in 2 watts at least 10 watts scopes.Some embodiment can comprise based on the configuration that is used in signal coupling apparatus on the rig and electronic device and for example reach 100 watts even higher peak power.1708, the frequency that this command recognition downhole transceiver should be used for the aboveground transceiver of the training sequence transmission being got back to the rig place.1710, downhole transceiver for example can use its emission maximum device power to transmit training sequence.1712, aboveground transceiver is trained its receiver balance device in response to this training sequence, determines received signal to noise ratio, and the bandwidth of definite channel, as mentioned above.1714, if the equalizer training failure, then operation is back to 1706 to select new transmission frequency, then repeats the subsequent step of this method.By non-limiting example, can be based on Packet Error Ratio, signal to noise ratio or its any suitable combination in the failure to train judgement at 1712 places.Pass through non-limiting example, with transfer to drill string on the relevant described any background herein of quality of signals under, the appropriate threshold that is used for setting up improper performance can be 5dB for SNR, and can be 0.2(20 percent for Packet Error Ratio/bit error rate).In one embodiment, operation can be back to 1704 with repetitive noise scanning, and this is because the ambient noise condition may change after last noise scanning.In another embodiment, operator can be provided with option, manually to arrange such as parameter and/or the selections of any time manual override (override) automatic frequency during operation such as transmission frequencies in response to failure to train.In response to successfully training or manual override, 1716, aboveground transceiver has been set up feasible transmission frequency at least, and which type of symbol data rate is downhole transceiver should use and should use which type of transmitter power setting to realize reliable communication, saves the power of battery simultaneously.These are summarized as follows:

● select to be positioned at channel width (by EQ(16) and describe) and contain the transmission frequency of minimal noise.

● select to use the symbol rate less than channel width.

● select transmitter power to make SNR〉1.

1716, operating parameter is transferred to downhole transceiver.It can be one group of complete parameter of selecting automatically or any combination automatic and manually selected parameter that parameter is selected.As the latter's example, can manually select frequency, and automatically select all other parameters.Further, in view of the value of manually selected parameter, can regulate the value of selected automatically parameter.Can carry out normal operating 1720.For example, in case downhole transceiver disposes these parameters, downhole transceiver can begin then that (Figure 10 a) upwards transfers to rig with sensing data.It should be understood that during operation with predetermined space (for example, with the predetermined length of drill string and/or with predetermined time interval) repetitive routine 1700 automatically.In one embodiment, can carry out training at 100 feet (yet can use any suitable distance) extended spots of drill string, and training can be based on dynamically carrying out of communication channel.Further, operator can be provided with manual selection to start this method at any time.In one embodiment, 1722, continue operating period can be by the decay of aboveground transceiver detection communication consume or some degree.By non-limiting example, can monitor Packet Error Ratio and decay with detection signal.For example can set up the bit error rate (BER) immediately by the sync bit in the monitoring pack arrangement.In certain embodiments, can monitor the signal attenuation that surpasses an aspect, for example, BER and SNR.Current obtainable or untapped any suitable technique can be used for the quality of monitor signal.It should be understood that when with suitable data framing signal 66 being modulated such error rate monitoring also goes for framing signal 66.In response to this detection, operation is back to noise scanning 1704.Otherwise, restart normal operating 1720.

Battery life and communication optimization

As proving by above describing, the applicant recognizes, downhole transceiver can utilize through-put power enough on the drill string 16 to keep communication with enough reliable levels.As by as indicated in Figure 13 a, if underground transceiver is because distance and/or ground condition suffer enough loss of datas, then aboveground transceiver indication downhole transceiver takes any amount of action to realize improving the purpose of communicating by letter individually or in combination.Obtainable action comprises that (1) increases through-put power, and (2) select different transmission frequencies, and (3) change the baud rate that upwards transfers to the data on the drill string, therefore exchanges baud rate to increase signal to noise ratio.Can adopt these action with flexibility significantly individually or with any suitable combination.For example, the step 1706 of Figure 13 a can select to obtain the transmission frequency of lowest noise at first.Based on training sequence, step 1712 can be determined Packet Error Ratio.If Packet Error Ratio is too high, then baud rate can be assigned to than low value, and the failure to train at 1714 places can make program be back to 1706, carries out new iteration with low baud rate.

A kind of method about the increase operating time when using underground battery is the size that increases battery.With reference to figure 1 and in one embodiment, for example can carry battery component so that the available horsepower of enough levels to be provided by pipe segmentation N.Yet, also can take addition thereto about saving the power of battery.

With reference to figure 1, transceiver 64 can transmit dipole signal 66 by ground, in order to for example carry out location, ground and depth detection.Certainly, the transmission of dipole signal will expend the power of battery in the downhole transceiver.As example, when driving dipole antenna energetically, typical dipole emission device increases about 0.35 watt battery consumption.When driven antenna not or when not coupling a signal on the drill string, the power consumption of transceiver 64 can drop to about 0.15 watt, still allows power to be used for sensor and processing activity simultaneously.Downhole transceiver 704(Figure 10 power consumption a) will increase moderate approximately 0.1 watt and be used for driving drill string, for example, Current Transformer or electric external series gap be coupled a signal on the drill string.

With reference to figure 13b, shown the embodiment of the method for the transmission of dynamically and automatically controlling framing signal by the flow chart of reference number 1730 expressions.1732, walking locator in ground is automatically monitored ground walking locator and whether is in activation or disabled status.The locator that is in state of activation receives and uses framing signal energetically.Yet under disabled status, locator can make the detection that relates to framing signal and parts and/or the processing of processing stop.Can monitor in any suitable manner.For example, any movement of detection and location device easily accelerometer 520(Fig. 6).If determine that based on the reading of accelerometer locator is not mobile in a period of time (for example, two minutes), then can call or reaffirm disabled status.As another example, for example can use ultrasonic sensor to come the close degree on detection and location device and ground.Place surface (for example the earth's surface) to go up the lasting relatively short time period (for example, two minutes) if locator is sat still, then can call or reaffirm disabled status.In case the state that detects changes, operation proceeds to 1734, and can indicate state via telemetered signal 92(Fig. 1 this moment) transfer to rig, telemetered signal 92 is represented new activation/disabled status.In response to the indication of new state, 1736, current state can be presented on one or more displays in the system, as will be described further.

With reference to figure 13c and in conjunction with Figure 13 b, the former shows the embodiment of screenshot capture, this screenshot capture can be presented on the display 1740 in response to step 1736 and can represent the screen 44 at rig place, device on 80 screen 86 and/or system 10 in any suitable display.Display can show current activation or the disabled status of selecting automatically 1742 of framing signal, and can further provide activation/forbidding framing signal override to select 1744 optionally to switch framing signal 66 between activation and disabled status.Should manually select can be used for any current state of automatically selecting of override framing signal.1746, the monitoring override is selected.If the selection override, then the current state of framing signal does not change, and operation is back to 1732.If non-selected override, operation proceeds to 1748, states new activation/disabled status.Operation is back to 1732 then.In response to the activation/disabled status on the display 44 that changes rig, order can be transferred to downhole transceiver 56(Fig. 6 downwards from drill string) make downhole transceiver suitably to respond.If the operator recognizes mancarried device and is about to lose the telemetry communication with rig that then the operator can guarantee that framing signal is set to state of activation before remote measurement loses.In other cases, the operator can select to use override to select 1742.For example, the operator may wish process that locator is placed ground static position and observes boring bar tool at the locator display.If framing signal becomes forbidding, then the operator can use override to select 1744, so that downhole transceiver restarts to transmit framing signal.Override selects 1744 also to be useful when drilling rod increases to drill string, because this can comprise the considerable time section.Many operators are chosen in increases position and the degree of depth that drilling rod is confirmed boring bar tool before.After finishing this affirmation, perhaps the operator at rig or portable navigation system place can indicate framing signal to enter forbidding to save the down-hole power of battery.

Correspondingly, unless for example actively need dipole signal 66(, obtain depth survey), aboveground transceiver 702 can order downhole transceiver 704 to disconnect the dipole antenna transmitter to save the power of battery.The applicant recognizes, according to instruction disclosed herein, when not transmitting dipole signal and will can not realizing at least 20% power save when the transfer of data of the signal of telecommunication is to the drill string.In this regard, the relation between battery life and the power save is normally nonlinear, makes power save can be converted into the increase of the remarkable bigger percentage of battery life.In addition, downhole transceiver or distant station (if use) can be identified the characteristic of the dipole signal that arrives locator 80, therefore keep the depth accuracy of locator.Therefore, based near drilling environment (for example, extreme depths or high-caliber noise/interference), can change the power save characteristic of dipole signal immediately.In the time can not carrying out ground walking location (for example, during the river crossing), aboveground transceiver in addition can indicate downhole transceiver disconnect dipole antenna up to further notice to save the power of battery, force downhole transceiver to stop framing signal 66(Fig. 6 at least thus) transmission to start the disable mode of framing signal.

In order to solve the problem of power saving aspect, downhole transceiver can be configured to enter park mode in response to the not mobile detection in certain time period.This time period can be based on default time section (for example, 10 minutes) and/or can be programmable.During park mode, downhole transceiver can be waken up to angular orientation and in response to rotation detects by monitoring surface.In one embodiment, use receiver 802(Figure 10 a), downhole transceiver can periodically be monitored drill string with any order of inspection from aboveground transceiver, and wakes up in response to detecting order.After waking up, downhole transceiver can restart the equal state of framing signal when it enters dormancy.The latter runs into mechanical difficulties and also is useful under inoperable situation of certain time period at for example rig.Enter under the situation of dormancy at drill rod breaking and downhole transceiver, by promoting drill string to reduce the crossing over gap of fracture and to restart to communicate by letter and to keep communication via drill string.Then, can activate framing signal, make and to regain boring bar tool from ground.Usually, rig will have sufficient through-put power to arrive downhole transceiver.It should be understood that mancarried device 80 can also be configured to enter park mode.Mancarried device is stopped and/or making mancarried device enter park mode in response to the operator, mancarried device can be sent to rig with the disabled status order, makes framing signal to stop.

As above with reference to the discussion of figure 1 and additional reference Fig. 6, do not need framing signal 66 is modulated.Among the embodiment of transmission framing signal 66, at least from the actual angle as pure tone, the applicant recognizes, for the through-put power of the given level that puts on framing signal, can provide the depth bounds of enhancing and/or the scope of going home under the situation of not modulating.The ability that strengthens can comprise and avoid carrier power is dispersed to the modulation secondary lobe owing to following factor, and uses the ability of very narrow bandwidth filtering in order to receive pure tone at locator 80 places.The bandwidth that is used for such narrow band filter can be 0.5Hz to 1Hz for example.The lower limit that it should be noted that this scope influences the response time.As illustrating by different way, under given depth scope and/or the given scope of going home, transmit unmodulated carrier, can reduce to put on the through-put power of framing signal 66, be used for saving the power of battery at least.Modulation when certainly, the system of Fig. 1 is provided for electromagnetic locating signal and underground signal.By the modulation on the data of for example downhole sensor generation (are upwards advanced along drill string) from the Modulation Transfer on the electromagnetic locating signal to underground signal, this electromagnetic locating signal can the more close or approaching degree of depth or the range of receiving that is provided by pure tone (unmodulated framing signal).

In one embodiment, portable/ground walking locator 80 can provide selecting automatically and/or manually of electrode couple through-put power and/or frequency by selecting information to be sent to rig via telemetered signal 92.At the rig place, aboveground transceiver 600 can be sent to downhole transceiver with select command, correspondingly to transmit framing signal 66.Because accurately the degree of depth determines to depend on transmission frequency and dipole intensity, therefore can determine the degree of depth by any suitable components of system, wherein suitable components includes but not limited to portable navigation system and aboveground transceiver.In one embodiment, can be automatically and/or manually indicate the characteristic of the dipole signal 66 that portable navigation system 80 monitoring receives, for example, signal strength signal intensity.If signal to noise ratio is lower than specific threshold, then portable navigation system then can the notifying operation device and/or is automatically sent instruction, and as mentioned above, purpose is to improve signal to noise ratio.Under the background of shortage for the needed understanding of an operator part of portable navigation system, automatic monitoring and the dipole signal that can carry out such dipole signal reconfigure.For example, descend in response to detecting signal to noise ratio, portable navigation system can begin the scanning (determining the current signal to noise ratio relevant with other usable frequency) of other usable frequency of electrode couple signal inherently, and afterwards, selects to have the frequency of highest signal to noise ratio.In one embodiment, when framing signal is modulated, can be based on can not be to coming from decoding towards angular orientation information, inclination angle orientation information and/or other status information and detecting the significantly decay of framing signal of framing signal.This decay of framing signal for example may appear in the high-interference environment.

Figure 14 shows generally the flow chart by the embodiment of the method for reference number 1800 expressions, and it is applicable to the operation of the aboveground transceiver 702 of Figure 10 a that cooperates with the downhole transceiver 704 of Figure 10 a.This method is specifically related to start and the response of communication consume that normal operating period is taken place.This method can start from energising or detect the communication consume 1802.1804, aboveground transceiver uses a kind of swept noise in the said method.Usually, this step is carried out under the situation of aboveground and downhole transmitter disconnection.1806, aboveground transceiver is sent to downhole transceiver with order, and this order is specified the transmission frequency of downhole transceiver use and asked the training sequence shown in 1404 among the downhole transceiver transmission diagram 10b.1808, downhole transmitter is confirmed this request by training sequence 1404(Figure 10 a) is transferred to aboveground transceiver.At 1820, MPSK carrier tracking loop and demodulator 1004(Figure 10 b) attempt to be locked on the carrier frequency and phase place from the signal of downhole transceiver.Successfully whether step 1822 judgement carrier tracking loop locking.If unsuccessful, operation then is back to step 1806.If carrier tracking loop is successfully locked, operation then proceeds to 1824.This back one step determines whether the data in the aboveground transceiver transform tracking loop (DTTL) 1006 locked to data symbol.If no, then operation is back to step 1806.If DTTL successfully locks, then operation proceeds to 1828.1828, determine whether aboveground receiver is successfully trained in response to training sequence.If train successfully, operation then proceeds to 1830, channel width and signal to noise ratio at 1830 definite at least aboveground transceiver places.1832, the characteristic of channel of using based on training result with by downhole transceiver and comprise symbol rate and the parameter of optimal transmission power (can guarantee reliable communication in conjunction with power save) for example, aboveground transceiver is determined the most feasible transmission frequency.It should be noted that the transmission frequency of determining by step 1804 than previous, selected transmission frequency this time point during operation can change.1836, the parameter of determining is transferred into downhole transceiver.1838, downhole transceiver reconfigures the transmitter operation based on the parameter of determining, and begins normal operating by sensing data being transferred to aboveground transceiver.

Figure 15 shows generally the flow chart by the embodiment of the method for reference number 1900 expressions, and it is illustrated in communication protocol between portable navigation system 80 and the downhole transceiver 702 to be used for from downhole transceiver transmission framing signal 66(Fig. 1 and 6) time keep portable navigation system to the reception of framing signal 66.1910, decayed significantly by consume or the signal of portable navigation system detection and location signal 66.In one embodiment, the decay of framing signal can be determined by the bit error rate (BER), follows the tracks of the bit error rate by locator when receiving framing signal.Can show the signal consume in response to the bit error rate of running counter to maximum BER threshold value.In another embodiment, signal attenuation can be based on framing signal signal to noise ratio (snr) determine that this framing signal has the signal consume by showing in response to the signal to noise ratio of running counter to minimum SNR.In certain embodiments, can monitor signal several aspects of decay, for example, BER and SNR.By non-limiting example, in this article under described any technique background, the threshold value that is used for setting up improper signal quality can be 5dB for SNR, and can be 0.2(20 percent for BER).Certainly, these values have been run counter in signal consume (wherein signal can not be detected again).Any suitable technique can adopt to be used for the Monitoring and Positioning quality of signals.1912, portable navigation system carries out noise and scans to identify the obtainable transmission frequency that represents the lowest noise level, for example, described in the above-mentioned US published No.2011-0001633 that incorporates into.For example, in one embodiment, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) can be applied to determine the noise of interested frequency place appearance.It should be understood that and to adopt any suitable technique, comprise for example Goertzel wave filter, perhaps as the wavelet transformation of another example.1914, portable navigation system is via telemetered signal 92(Fig. 1) transmission signal consume order, telemetered signal 92 identifications are used for the new argument of framing signal 66, and new argument can include but not limited to through-put power, carrier frequency, baud rate and modulating mode.For example, can select lowest noise available carrier wave frequency and suitable baud rate at first.If too high at the selected baud rate bit error rate, then can reduce baud rate and redefine the bit error rate.Under the situation that baud rate becomes too low, can select the different modulating pattern.Can carry out the selection of new modulating mode in any suitable manner.By non-limiting example, the another kind of modulating mode that can select is OFDM (OFDM), wherein can use at interval orthogonal sub-carriers closely to carry data on a plurality of parallel data streams or the channel with manner known in the art.Therefore, by separate data on a plurality of channels, can use many non-interfering frequencies, realize higher immunity to interference with relatively low symbol rate.It should be noted that for depth capacity and the scope of going home modulating mode is can designated carrier unmodulated or be pure tone substantially.1916, aboveground transceiver receives signal consume order and this order is transferred to downhole transceiver via telemetered signal.1920, downhole transceiver receives signal consume order and correspondingly reconfigures dipole transmission parameter.

With reference to figure 1, it should be understood that system 10 comprises the communication system that is accompanied by numerous benefits again.This communication system by the aboveground transceiver that is positioned at the rig place, be positioned at the telemetry transceiver that closely descends the downhole transceiver of instrument and form the part of ground walking locator in the down-hole and constitute, thereby form between aboveground transceiver and the downhole transceiver first bidirectional communication link, 2000, the first bidirectional communication links 2000 use drill strings as electric conductor so that the communication between aboveground transceiver and the downhole transceiver to be provided.Second bidirectional communication link 2002 is formed between the telemetry transceiver of aboveground transceiver and ground walking locator, and it adopts wireless electromagnetic communication.Further, formed unidirectional communications link 2004 from downhole transceiver to the ground walking locator of underground instrument at least.These communication links provide plurality of communication schemes, comprise use first bidirectional communication link 2000 from downhole transceiver via first communication pattern of drill string to the aboveground transceiver of rig.Provide the second communication pattern from downhole transceiver via telemetry transceiver and second bidirectional communication link 2002 to the aboveground transceiver of unidirectional communications link 2004, ground walking locator.Can be managed by 2010 pairs of communication patterns of communication controler/manager of a part that forms aboveground transceiver 702, the part system that makes that communication controler/manager 2010 can form the treating apparatus 46 at rig place can dynamically and automatically make response to any fault that occurs in the system.

With reference to Figure 16 and in conjunction with Fig. 1, the former shows the embodiment for the method for passing through non-limiting example operation communication controller 2010, and it is generally by reference number 2300 expressions.Between the starting period, controller can be configured to select first communication pattern pattern by default in 2304 systems.Enter normal operating 2308.Then, monitor the state of communication patterns 1 2312, and determine the state of communication pattern 1 in any suitable manner.For example, in response to the losing fully and/or can not satisfy given signal to noise ratio and/or surpass under the situation of the given bit error rate sending signal along the either direction between aboveground transceiver and the downhole transceiver of signal, can specify status of fail.As long as communication pattern 1 is no problem, can carry out normal operating 2308.If based on the definite communication pattern 1 2312 problem is arranged, then enter communication pattern 2 to communicate via locator 80 to aboveground transceiver from downhole transceiver 2316.Restart normal operating 2322 then.As the part of normal operating, the failure scenarios of step 2326 monitoring communication pattern 2.If do not detect abnormal conditions about communication pattern 2, whether availablely again then test to determine communication pattern 1 2330.If communication pattern 1 is unavailable, then restart normal operating 2322.On the other hand, if communication pattern 1 can be used, then switch to communication pattern 1 at 2334 controllers.Be back to step 2326 again, if communication pattern 2 failures then still switch to communication pattern 1 in 2334 systems.If switch to not success of communication pattern 1, then determine error situation 2338, be converted to manual mode 2342 then.If do not have error situation in 2338 detections, operation can proceed to 2346 so, and it can provide the chance that switches to manual control (2346, if desired) for the operator.If the operator does not select manually control, then operation is back to 2308.It should be understood that the operating period in system, method 2300 can be at running background.Do like this, this method can be carried out with the rapid rate of a plurality of iteration of per second.

The applicant thinks that the system and method for describing provides unseen benefit before this herein.For example, disclosed Advanced Communications System has been realized two-way communication easily by will directly being transferred to reliably as the data of the signal of telecommunication on the existing drill string, except not making an amendment by using the ACT under the background never be considered to be applicable to native system, and need not the restriction consuming time that prior art (for example, the pipe center line is arranged) applies.The applicant recognizes the benefit of using asymmetric power delivery level in disclosed drill string communication system.Namely, the ability that reliably is set up to the communication of downhole transceiver is provided with the transmission of high power levels from aboveground transceiver to downhole transceiver, and can utilize one group to optimize the transmission of parameter (comprising low/minimum power level reliably) execution from downhole transceiver to aboveground transceiver, to satisfy the competitive focus that reliable communication and the power of battery are saved.System of the present disclosure can provide other benefit, by optionally transmitting the pure tone framing signal to realize the purpose of going home and/or locating from downhole transceiver to portable ground locator, transmission when allowing simultaneously to make progress, directly be modulated to as the data on the drill string of electric conductor along drill string.The applicant does not know any existing system of having disposed according to this mode.Believe and have never seen disclosed system and correlation technique; at least because following reason: provide the ability of the reliable communication in normal or the spreading range to introduce challenge by the direct signal of telecommunication transmission on drill string; these challenges just are not difficult to solve, and those of ordinary skills will think immediately that the series of challenges after the combination is actually unsurmountable.

Preferably include all elements, part and the step described herein.It should be understood that in these elements, part and the step any one can be replaced or deletion fully by other element, part and step, as those skilled in the art with apparent.

Appendix A

Derivation with Linear Estimation of least mean-square error.

{ x, y} and zero mean are about the linearity of x with there is not the form that is estimated as follows partially to give two any variable vectors of sizing L * 1

$\hat{x}=\mathrm{WyEQ}---\left(A1\right)$

Wherein W is that size is some constant matrices of L * L.Note that boldface letter is used for vector variable, and the capitalization in the boldface letter is used for matrix variables.To EQ(A1) in estimate be limited in it and must have least mean-square error (MMSE).Therefore this estimation must be satisfied following restriction.

$\underset{W}{\min }E\{-{|x-\hat{x}|}^2\}\mathrm{EQ}---\left(A2\right)$

Because

Have zero mean, MMSE EQ(A2) be single MMSE and.Allow i represent i sampling in the vector, then single MMSE is

$J\left(w_i\right)\stackrel{\mathrm{\Δ}}{=}E\left\{{|x\left(i\right)-\widehat{x\left(i\right)}|}^2\right\}=E\left\{{|x\left(i\right)-w_{i}y|}^2\right\}\mathrm{EQ}---\left(A3\right)$

Note w _iThe i that is matrix W is capable.The expansion quadratic term draws:

$J\left(w_i\right)\stackrel{\mathrm{\Δ}}{=}E\left\{{\left|x\left(i\right)\right|}^2\right\}-w_i^{*}E\left\{x\left(i\right)y^{*}\right\}-w_{i}E\left\{x^{*}\left(i\right)y\right\}+w_{i}E\left\{y{y}^{*}\right\}{w}_i^{*}\mathrm{EQ}---\left(A4\right)$

By to w _iAsk partial differential to make EQ(4A) in function minimization, and it is set to equal zero:

$\frac{\∂J\left(w_i\right)}{{\∂w}_i}=0=-2R_{\mathrm{xy},i}+{2w}_i{R}_y\mathrm{EQ}---\left(A5\right)$

Wherein, R _{Xy, i}=E{x (i) y ^*, R _y=E{yy ^*, therefore, for w _{O, i}The satisfied MMSE of having x linearity, do not have the optimal selection of estimating partially and be

w _o,iR _y＝R _xy，i EQ (A6)

Collect all { w _{O, i}, full estimation is

W _oR _y＝R _xyEQ (A7)

Work as R _yWhen being nonnegative definite matrix and positive definite matrix, EQ(A7 then) will have unique solution, as follows:

$W_o=R_{\mathrm{xy}}{R}_y^{-1}\mathrm{EQ}---\left(A8\right)$

Therefore, equation EQ(A1) can be write as again now

$\hat{x}=\mathrm{Wy}=R_{\mathrm{xy}}{R}_y^{-1}\mathrm{yEQ}---\left(A9\right)$

Can find the solution the estimation of discussing among equation EQ11a, the EQ11b and EQ12 in the above now, because it is following form:

y＝Bx+nEQ (A10)

User's formula EQ(A10) to matrix R _yAnd R _XyRecomputate:

$R_y=E\left\{y{y}^{*}\right\}=E\left\{(\mathrm{Bx}+n){(\mathrm{Bx}+n)}^{*}\right\}=B{R}_x{B}^{*}+R_n\mathrm{EQ}---\left(A11\right)$

R _xy＝E{xy ^*}＝E{(x)(Bx+n) ^*}＝R _xB ^*EQ (A12)

R wherein _x=E{xx ^*, and because R _n＞0(is that n is zero mean random noise vector, and wherein covariance matrix is R _n=E{nn ^*}＞0), this has produced R _y＞0.Therefore, R _yBe reversible.

Now can be from EQ(A8), EQ(A10) and EQ(A11) determine to have least mean-square error Linear Estimation be

$\hat{x}=R_x{B}^{*}{(B{R}_x{B}^{*}+R_n)}^{-1}\mathrm{yEQ}---\left(A13\right)$

For illustration and illustrative purposes, provide top description of the present invention.Are not intended to exclusiveness or limit the invention to disclosed concrete form, and according to above-mentioned instruction, other embodiment, modification and modification also are possible that wherein art technology will be recognized some modification, change, increase and its sub-portfolio.

Design

In this article, following design is disclosed at least.

Design 1: a kind of drill string communication system, its used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between rig and the underground instrument to be provided, described system comprises:

Aboveground transceiver, it is positioned at the rig place and comprises aboveground transmitter, and aboveground transmitter is coupled on the drill string aboveground signal in order to transfer to underground instrument with aboveground through-put power; And

Downhole transceiver, it is positioned at the down-hole and closely descends instrument and comprise downhole transmitter, downhole transmitter is coupled on the drill string underground signal in order to transfer on the drill string at rig place with downhole transmitted power, downhole transmitted power can be selected in the power delivery scope of down-hole, and described aboveground through-put power is always greater than any selected downhole transmitted power in the power delivery scope of described down-hole.

Design 2: design 1 system, wherein, described downhole transceiver comprises battery, so that described downhole transmitted power to be provided, and described battery has applied the upper limit at selected downhole transmitted power at least.

Design 3: the system of design 2, wherein, maximum downhole transmitted power is no more than 5 watts.

Design 4: design 1 system, wherein, described aboveground transceiver configuration becomes at least with the aboveground transmitter power of maximum to begin and the communicating by letter of downhole transceiver.

Design 5: each system in the design 1 to 4, wherein, maximum aboveground transmitter power forms the power upper limit of aboveground transmitter power scope.

Design 6: a kind of method for operation drill string communication system, drill string communication system used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between rig and the underground instrument to be provided, described method comprises:

The aboveground transceiver at configuration rig place, aboveground transceiver comprises aboveground transmitter, aboveground transmitter is coupled on the drill string aboveground signal in order to transfer to underground instrument with aboveground through-put power;

Downhole transceiver is arranged in the down-hole closely descends instrument, downhole transceiver comprises downhole transmitter; And

With downhole transmitted power underground signal is coupled on the drill string in order to transfer on the drill string of rig from downhole transmitter, downhole transmitted power can be selected in the power delivery scope of down-hole, and aboveground through-put power is always greater than any selected downhole transmitted power.

Design 7: a kind of method for operation drill string communication system, described drill string communication system used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between described rig and the described underground instrument to be provided, described method comprises:

Transfer to the consume of the reception of the underground signal on the drill string in response to utilizing when last group of transmission parameter from underground instrument, use aboveground transceiver to restart communication from rig to underground instrument so that the aboveground signal that restarts is coupled to underground instrument with the maximum aboveground through-put power of aboveground transceiver; And

Based on from the response of underground instrument to the aboveground signal that restarts, the program that enters to be setting up one group of new transmission parameter in underground signal and the aboveground signal at least one, with in the communication of setting up thereafter between rig and the underground instrument.

Design 8: the method for design 7 comprises that as the part of the described signal that restarts, the indication downhole transceiver responds with maximum downhole transmitted power.

Design 9: the method for design 7 comprises that the configuration downhole transceiver responds to the signal that restarts with maximum downhole transmitted power.

Design 10: a kind of drill string communication system, its used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between rig and the underground instrument to be provided, described system comprises:

Aboveground transceiver, it is positioned at the rig place and comprises aboveground transmitter, and aboveground transmitter is coupled on the drill string aboveground signal in order to transfer to underground instrument with aboveground through-put power;

Downhole transceiver, it is positioned at the down-hole and closely descends instrument and comprise downhole transmitter, downhole transmitter is coupled to underground signal on the drill string with downhole transmitted power in order to transfer on the drill string at rig place and send the electromagnetic locating signal with at least one selectively actuatable parameter, and downhole transmitted power can be selected in the power delivery scope of down-hole; With

Ground walking locator, it be used for to receive electromagnetic locating signal and for detection of the predetermined decay of the framing signal that receives, and in response to described detection, system configuration becomes automatically to generate and reconfigures order, reconfigures in the following parameter that order changes electromagnetic locating signal at least one: carrier frequency, through-put power, baud rate and modulating mode.

Design 11: design 10 system, wherein, described ground walking locator is based at least one monitors described prearranged signals decay in the bit error rate of electromagnetic locating signal and the signal to noise ratio.

Design 12: the system of design 10, wherein, described ground walking locator is configured to produce and reconfigures order and will reconfigure command transfer to rig by remote measurement thereafter, and aboveground transceiver configuration becomes will reconfigure command transfer to downhole transceiver via drill string.

Design 13: a kind of drill string communication system, its used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between rig and the underground instrument to be provided, described system comprises:

Aboveground transceiver, it is positioned at the rig place and comprises aboveground transmitter, and aboveground transmitter is coupled on the drill string aboveground signal in order to transfer to underground instrument with aboveground through-put power;

Downhole transceiver, it is positioned at the down-hole and closely descends instrument and comprise downhole transmitter, downhole transmitter is coupled to underground signal on the drill string with downhole transmitted power in order to transfer on the drill string at rig place and send the electromagnetic locating signal with at least one selectively actuatable parameter, and downhole transmitted power can be selected in the power delivery scope of down-hole; With

Ground walking locator, it is used for receiving electromagnetic locating signal and consumes for detection of the reception of electromagnetic locating signal, and in response to described reception consume, automatically shows signal consume situation to described rig.

Design 14: design 13 system, wherein, described ground walking locator shows described signal consume situation by signal being consumed command transfer to the aboveground transceiver at rig place.

Design 15: the system of design 14, wherein, signal consume order has been specified one group of new parameter at electromagnetic locating signal.

Design 16: the system of design 15, wherein, one group of new parameter has been specified in the following parameter at least one: at the new transmission powers of electromagnetic locating signal, new carrier frequency, new baud rate and new modulating mode.

Design 17: the system of design 16, wherein, one group of new parameter has been specified and has not been modulated new carrier frequency.

Design 18: a kind of drill string communication system, its used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between rig and the underground instrument to be provided, described system comprises:

Aboveground transceiver, it is positioned at the rig place and comprises aboveground transmitter, and aboveground transmitter is coupled on the drill string aboveground signal in order to transfer to underground instrument; And

Downhole transceiver, it is positioned at the down-hole and closely descends instrument and comprise downhole transmitter, downhole transmitter is coupled on the drill string underground signal in order to transfer to the aboveground receiver of a part that forms aboveground transceiver, and wherein, aboveground transceiver and downhole transceiver are configured to cooperate with at least part of ground at least one transmission operated parameter that is changed underground signal by the signal attenuation of the underground signal that aboveground transceiver was detected automatically.

Design 19: the system of design 18, wherein, but described aboveground transceiver and described downhole transceiver are configured to automatically revise in response to signal attenuation one group of operating parameter of underground signal.

Design 20: design 19 system, wherein, one group of parameter of modification comprises two or more in carrier frequency, power level, baud rate and the modulating mode.

Design 21: the system of design 18, wherein, at least one comprises the noise scanner in downhole transceiver and the aboveground transceiver, the noise scanning for carrying out at the available transmission frequency of underground signal makes and sets up the lowest noise transmission frequency.

Design 22: the system of design 21, wherein, the noise scanner configuration becomes to utilize selected in Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), discrete Fourier transform and a power spectral density noise spectrum of determining on the available transmission frequency.

Design 23: the system of design 21, wherein, the noise scanner comprises the bank of filters with a plurality of bandpass filters, to determine the lowest noise transmission frequency.

Design 24: design 21 system, wherein, downhole transmitter becomes with aboveground transmitter configuration in noise scan period to close.

Design 25: design 21 system, wherein, a selected noise scanning that is configured to begin as the part of start-up routine in aboveground transceiver and the downhole transceiver.

Design 26: the system of design 25, wherein, aboveground transceiver configuration becomes in response to the signal consume from downhole transmitter to restart noise scanning to select the new transmission frequencies at underground signal at least.

Design 27: the system of design 18, wherein, described drill string comprises channel transfer functions, described channel transfer functions is included in the drill string distortion on each aboveground signal, and wherein, the described channel transfer functions of described at least aboveground transceiver configuration one-tenth sign is the band limiting filter with frequency band limits response.

Design 28: the system of design 27, wherein, the frequency band limits response further is characterized by finite impulse response (FIR).

Design 29: the system of design 27, wherein, the aboveground receiver of aboveground at least transceiver comprises that at least one balanced device is with the distortion of compensation drill string.

Design 30: the system of design 29, wherein, balanced device comprises equalizer response, equalizer response is adapted to range of variables in the channel transfer functions based on one group of customizable equalizer response that makes of equalizer coefficients.

Design 31: the system of design 30, wherein, downhole transmitter is configured to transmit the training sequence that is modulated on the underground signal, and aboveground receiver is configured to resume training sequence to set up one group of equalizer coefficients from underground signal.

Design 32: the system of design 31, wherein, aboveground transceiver comprises the copy of training sequence to compare with the training sequence that receives, the training sequence that receives represents to be transmitted and passed through by downhole transmitter the training sequence of channel transfer functions distortion.

Design 33: the system of design 32, wherein, downhole transceiver comprises multiplexer, multiplexer is selected to be modulated on the underground signal between training sequence and sensing data.

Design 34: design 32 system, wherein, aboveground transceiver configuration becomes based on the least mean-square error of the difference between the copy of training sequence and the training sequence that receives to determine one group of coefficient.

Design 35: the system of design 18, wherein, downhole transceiver is configured to the receiving sensor data and modulates underground signal based on sensing data.

Design 36: the system of design 34, wherein, downhole transceiver puts on underground signal with multiple phase shift keying.

Design 37: the system of design 18, wherein, aboveground transceiver configuration becomes synchronously to detect underground signal.

Design 38: the system of design 37, wherein, downhole transceiver is configured to apply multiple phase shift keying with the modulation underground signal, and aboveground transceiver comprises for the multiple phase shift keying carrier tracking loop and the demodulator that recover underground signal.

Design 39: the system of design 38, wherein, downhole transceiver is configured to QPSK is put on underground signal.

Design 40: each system in the design 18 to 39, wherein, drill string comprises channel transfer functions, channel transfer functions is included in the drill string distortion on each aboveground signal, and it is band limiting filter that aboveground at least transceiver configuration becomes to characterize channel transfer functions, and aboveground transceiver comprises that same-phase balanced device and different phase balanced device are with the distortion of compensation drill string.

Design 41: the system of design 40, wherein, aboveground transceiver configuration becomes synchronously to detect underground signal, and comprises DTTL data transition tracking loop in order to switch between same-phase balanced device and different phase balanced device.

Design 42: the equipment in a kind of drill string communication system, the drill string communication system used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between rig and the underground instrument to be provided, and described drill string represents channel transfer functions when being used as the described electric conductor that carries underground signal, underground signal is coupled to drill string by underground instrument, and equipment comprises:

Aboveground receiver, it receives from drill string as the underground signal that transmits signal, transmits the influence that signal is subjected to channel transfer functions, and described aboveground receiver is configured to compensation response is put on the transmission signal, responds based on channel transfer functions customization compensation.

Design 43: the equipment of design 42, wherein, channel transfer functions causes the drill string distortion on the underground signal, and aboveground at least receiver is configured to channel transfer functions is characterized by the band limiting filter response.

Design 44: the equipment of design 43, wherein, the band limiting filter response further is characterized by finite impulse response (FIR).

Design 45: the equipment of design 43, wherein, aboveground receiver comprises that at least one balanced device is with the distortion of compensation drill string.

Design 46: the equipment of design 45, wherein, balanced device comprises equalizer response, equalizer response is adapted to range of variables in the channel transfer functions based on one group of customizable equalizer response that makes of equalizer coefficients.

Design 47: the equipment of design 46, wherein, the copy of aboveground receiver storage training sequence, and aboveground receiver is configured to resume training from the underground signal by the channel transfer functions distortion transmission version of sequence, sets up one group of equalizer coefficients thereby compare with the copy with training sequence.

Design 48: the equipment of design 47, wherein, aboveground receiver is configured to determine one group of coefficient based on the least mean-square error of the difference between the transmission version of the copy of training sequence and training sequence.

Design 49: a kind of ground walking locator, it is used for having used the system that extends to the drill string of underground instrument from rig, and underground tool configuration becomes the transmission electromagnetic locating signal, and described ground walking locator comprises:

Receiver, it is configured to receive framing signal, the decay of the reception of detection and location signal, and detect the consume of generation signal in response to described decay and order; And

Telemetry transmitter is used for signal is consumed command transfer to rig.

Design 50: the ground walking locator of design 49, it is configured to generate described signal consume order in response to the reception consume of framing signal.

Design 51: the ground walking locator of design 49, it is configured to generate described signal consume in response to the predetermined attenuation degree of framing signal.

Design 52: design 49 ground walking locator, it is configured to primitively to carry out noise in response to detection of described reception consume and scans to identify new frequency at electromagnetic locating signal.

Design 53: design 49 ground walking locator, wherein, signal consume command recognition is in the following parameter of electromagnetic locating signal at least one: new transmission powers, new carrier frequency, new baud rate and new modulating mode.

Design 54: a kind of system that carries out sub-terrain operations at least, its used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between rig and the underground instrument to be provided, described system comprises:

Downhole transceiver, it is positioned at the down-hole and closely descends instrument, and be configured to (i) but receive at least one sensor signal relevant with the operating parameter of underground instrument, (ii) generate underground signal, underground signal is transferred on the drill string at rig place, and underground signal is modulated and (iii) sent electromagnetic locating signal so that carrying out the ground detects based on sensor signal, wherein framing signal is not modulated by described sensor signal at least;

Aboveground transceiver, it is positioned at the rig place and comprises aboveground receiver, but aboveground receiver is configured to receive underground signal and recover sensor signal from drill string make and can obtain the information relevant with operating parameter at rig; With

Ground walking locator, it receives electromagnetic locating signal as in homing beacon and the tracking signal at least one, makes at the detection range of given through-put power framing signal under the situation of not modulating greater than at the detection range of identical given through-put power through the modulation framing signal of described sensor signal modulation.

Design 55: the system of design 54, wherein, ground walking locator is included in narrow band filter placed in the middle on the carrier frequency of electromagnetic locating signal.

Design 56: the system of design 54 or 55, wherein, ground walking locator is configured at least to generate the correlation between the data and take remote measurement with the aboveground transceiver at rig place and to communicate by letter in order to obtain sensor related data and ground walking locator, sensor related data is sent to from underground instrument on the drill string of aboveground transceiver, and walking locator in ground generates data and is sent to aboveground transceiver by electromagnetic telemetry signals.

Design 57: a kind of system that carries out sub-terrain operations at least, its used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between rig and the underground instrument to be provided, described system comprises:

Aboveground transceiver, it is positioned at the rig place and comprises aboveground transmitter, and aboveground transmitter configuration becomes the aboveground signal to major general's drill string to transfer to underground instrument;

Downhole transceiver, it is positioned at the down-hole and closely descends instrument, and is configured to from the drill string received well signal and optionally sends electromagnetic locating signal in order to detect on the ground;

Ground walking locator, activation/disabled status that it is used for receiving electromagnetic locating signal and is used for automatically detecting ground walking locator, and change in response to detecting activation/disabled status, the state indication that described ground walking locator is configured to show new activation/disabled status transfers to rig; With

Described aboveground transceiver is further configured into cooperation to disconnect electromagnetic locating signal in response to disabled status at least with described downhole transceiver.

Design 58: the system of design 57, wherein, ground walking locator is configured to use energetically electromagnetic locating signal during state of activation.

Design 59: the system of design 57, wherein, ground walking locator comprises at least one accelerometer, and accelerometer produces accelerometer output in response to the mobile of ground walking locator, and ground walking locator is configured to detect disabled status based on described accelerometer output.

Design 60: design 57 system, wherein, ground walking locator comprises the detection and location device near the sensor of the earth's surface, and ground walking locator is configured to show in response to locator is positioned on the earth's surface disabled status.

Design 61: a kind of communication system of be used for carrying out sub-terrain operations at least can, it has used from rig and has extended to the drill string of underground instrument and as at least one the ground walking detector homing beacon and the tracking means, communication system comprises:

Be positioned at the aboveground transceiver at rig place;

Be positioned at the down-hole and closely descend the downhole transceiver of instrument;

Form the telemetry transceiver of the part of ground walking locator;

First bidirectional communication link between aboveground transceiver and the downhole transceiver, its use drill string as electric conductor so that the communication between aboveground transceiver and the downhole transceiver to be provided;

Second bidirectional communication link between the telemetry transceiver of aboveground transceiver and ground walking locator, it adopts wireless electromagnetic communication between aboveground transceiver and telemetry transceiver; And

Unidirectional communications link at least from the downhole transceiver of underground instrument to ground walking locator makes (i) use first bidirectional communication link to provide first communication pattern from downhole transceiver via drill string to the aboveground transceiver of rig, (ii) provide the second communication pattern from downhole transceiver via the telemetry transceiver of unidirectional communications link, ground walking locator and second bidirectional communication link to aboveground transceiver, and (iii) be used at least in part managing controller in communication between downhole transceiver and the aboveground transceiver based on system mode.

Design 62: the system of design 61 also comprises:

Contact manager, its be used at least at least in part based on first and second bidirectional communication links and unidirectional communications link current operable state, at any given transmission from underground instrument to rig, by automatically between first communication pattern and second communication pattern, selecting to manage the communication from the downhole transceiver of underground instrument to the aboveground transceiver of rig.

Design 63: the system of claim 62, its middle controller is configured to select first communication pattern pattern by default.

Claims (63)

1. drill string communication system, its used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between described rig and the described underground instrument to be provided, described system comprises:

Aboveground transceiver, it is positioned at described rig place and comprises aboveground transmitter, and described aboveground transmitter is coupled on the described drill string aboveground signal in order to transfer to described underground instrument with aboveground through-put power; And

Downhole transceiver, it is positioned at the down-hole near described underground instrument and comprises downhole transmitter, described downhole transmitter is coupled on the described drill string underground signal in order to transfer on the described drill string of described rig with downhole transmitted power, described downhole transmitted power can be selected in the power delivery scope of down-hole, and described aboveground through-put power is always greater than any selected downhole transmitted power in the power delivery scope of described down-hole.

2. system according to claim 1, wherein, described downhole transceiver comprises battery, so that described downhole transmitted power to be provided, and described battery has applied the upper limit at described selected downhole transmitted power at least.

3. system according to claim 2, wherein, maximum downhole transmitted power is no more than 5 watts.

4. system according to claim 1, wherein, described aboveground transceiver configuration becomes at least with the aboveground transmitter power of maximum to begin and the communicating by letter of described downhole transceiver.

5. according to each described system in the claim 1 to 4, wherein, the aboveground transmitter power of described maximum forms the power upper limit of aboveground transmitter power scope.

6. method that is used for operation drill string communication system, described drill string communication system used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between described rig and the described underground instrument to be provided, described method comprises:

Dispose the aboveground transceiver at described rig place, described aboveground transceiver comprises aboveground transmitter, and described aboveground transmitter is coupled on the described drill string aboveground signal in order to transfer to described underground instrument with aboveground through-put power;

Downhole transceiver is arranged in the down-hole near described underground instrument, and described downhole transceiver comprises downhole transmitter; And

With downhole transmitted power underground signal is coupled on the described drill string in order to transfer on the described drill string of described rig from described downhole transmitter, described downhole transmitted power can be selected in the power delivery scope of down-hole, and described aboveground through-put power is always greater than any selected downhole transmitted power.

7. method that is used for operation drill string communication system, described drill string communication system used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between described rig and the described underground instrument to be provided, described method comprises:

Transfer to the consume of the reception of the underground signal on the described drill string in response to utilizing when last group of transmission parameter from described underground instrument, use aboveground transceiver to restart communication from described rig to described underground instrument so that the aboveground signal that restarts is coupled to described underground instrument with the maximum aboveground through-put power of described aboveground transceiver; And

Based on from the response of described underground instrument to the described aboveground signal that restarts, the program that enters to be setting up one group of new transmission parameter in described underground signal and the described aboveground signal at least one, with in the communication of setting up thereafter between described rig and the described underground instrument.

8. method according to claim 7, it comprises, as the part of the described signal that restarts, indicates described downhole transceiver to respond with maximum downhole transmitted power.

9. method according to claim 7, it comprises that the described downhole transceiver of configuration responds to the described signal that restarts with maximum downhole transmitted power.

10. drill string communication system, its used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between described rig and the described underground instrument to be provided, described system comprises:

Aboveground transceiver, it is positioned at described rig place and comprises aboveground transmitter, and described aboveground transmitter is coupled on the described drill string aboveground signal in order to transfer to described underground instrument with aboveground through-put power;

Downhole transceiver, it is positioned at the down-hole near described underground instrument and comprises downhole transmitter, described downhole transmitter is coupled to underground signal on the described drill string with downhole transmitted power in order to transfer on the described drill string of described rig and send the electromagnetic locating signal with at least one selectively actuatable parameter, and described downhole transmitted power can be selected in the power delivery scope of down-hole; With

Ground walking locator, it be used for to receive described electromagnetic locating signal and for detection of the predetermined decay of received framing signal, and in response to described detection, described system configuration becomes automatically to generate and reconfigures order, described at least one that reconfigures in the following parameter that order changes described electromagnetic locating signal: carrier frequency, through-put power, baud rate and modulating mode.

11. system according to claim 10, wherein, described ground walking locator is based at least one monitors described prearranged signals decay in the bit error rate of described electromagnetic locating signal and the signal to noise ratio.

12. system according to claim 10, wherein, described ground walking locator be configured to produce described reconfigure order and thereafter by telemetry with the described command transfer that reconfiguring to described rig, and described aboveground transceiver configuration becomes via described drill string describedly to reconfigure extremely described downhole transceiver of command transfer.

13. a drill string communication system, its used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between described rig and the described underground instrument to be provided, described system comprises:

Aboveground transceiver, it is positioned at described rig place and comprises aboveground transmitter, and described aboveground transmitter is coupled on the described drill string aboveground signal in order to transfer to described underground instrument with aboveground through-put power;

Downhole transceiver, it is positioned at the down-hole near described underground instrument and comprises downhole transmitter, described downhole transmitter is coupled to underground signal on the described drill string with downhole transmitted power in order to transfer on the described drill string of described rig and send the electromagnetic locating signal with at least one selectively actuatable parameter, and described downhole transmitted power can be selected in the power delivery scope of down-hole; With

Ground walking locator, it be used for to receive described electromagnetic locating signal and for detection of the consume of the reception of described electromagnetic locating signal, and in response to the consume of described reception, automatically shows signal consume situation to described rig.

14. system according to claim 13, wherein, described ground walking locator shows described signal consume situation by signal being consumed command transfer to the described aboveground transceiver at described rig place.

15. system according to claim 14, wherein, described signal consume order is specified one group of new parameter for described electromagnetic locating signal.

16. system according to claim 15, wherein, described one group of new parameter is specified in the following parameter at least one: at the new transmission powers of described electromagnetic locating signal, new carrier frequency, new baud rate and new modulating mode.

17. system according to claim 16, wherein, described one group of new parameter is specified and is not modulated described new carrier frequency.

18. a drill string communication system, its used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between described rig and the described underground instrument to be provided, described system comprises:

Aboveground transceiver, it is positioned at described rig place and comprises aboveground transmitter, and described aboveground transmitter is coupled on the described drill string aboveground signal in order to transfer to described underground instrument; And

Downhole transceiver, it is positioned at the down-hole near described underground instrument and comprises downhole transmitter, described downhole transmitter is coupled on the described drill string underground signal in order to transfer to the aboveground receiver of a part that forms described aboveground transceiver, and wherein, described aboveground transceiver and described downhole transceiver are configured to cooperate with at least part of ground at least one transmission operated parameter that is changed described underground signal by the signal attenuation of the detected described underground signal of described aboveground transceiver automatically.

19. system according to claim 18, wherein, but described aboveground transceiver and described downhole transceiver are configured to automatically revise in response to described signal attenuation one group of operating parameter of described underground signal.

20. system according to claim 19, wherein, one group of parameter of modification comprises two or more in carrier frequency, power level, baud rate and the modulating mode.

21. system according to claim 18, wherein, at least one comprises the noise scanner in described downhole transceiver and the described aboveground transceiver, and the noise scanning for carrying out at the available transmission frequency of described underground signal makes and sets up the lowest noise transmission frequency.

22. system according to claim 21, wherein, described noise scanner configuration becomes to utilize selected in Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), discrete Fourier transform and a power spectral density noise spectrum of determining on the described available transmission frequency.

23. system according to claim 21, wherein, described noise scanner comprises the bank of filters with a plurality of bandpass filters, to determine described lowest noise transmission frequency.

24. system according to claim 21, wherein, described downhole transmitter becomes with described aboveground transmitter configuration in noise scan period to close.

25. system according to claim 21, wherein, a selected noise scanning that is configured to begin as the part of start-up routine in described aboveground transceiver and the described downhole transceiver.

26. system according to claim 25, wherein, described aboveground transceiver configuration becomes in response to the signal consume from described downhole transmitter to restart noise scanning to select the new transmission frequencies at described underground signal at least.

27. system according to claim 18, wherein, described drill string comprises channel transfer functions, described channel transfer functions is included in the drill string distortion on each aboveground signal, and wherein, described at least aboveground transceiver configuration one-tenth is characterized by described channel transfer functions the band limiting filter with frequency band limits response.

28. system according to claim 27, wherein, described frequency band limits response further is characterized by finite impulse response (FIR).

29. system according to claim 27, wherein, the described aboveground receiver of described at least aboveground transceiver comprises that at least one balanced device is with the distortion of compensation drill string.

30. system according to claim 29, wherein, described balanced device comprises equalizer response, and described equalizer response makes described equalizer response be adapted to range of variables in the described channel transfer functions based on one group of equalizer coefficients is customizable.

31. system according to claim 30, wherein, described downhole transmitter is configured to transmit the training sequence that is modulated on the described underground signal, and described aboveground receiver is configured to recover described training sequence to set up described one group of equalizer coefficients from described underground signal.

32. system according to claim 31, wherein, the copy that described aboveground transceiver comprises described training sequence to be comparing with the training sequence that receives, and the described training sequence that receives is represented by described downhole transmitter transmission and the training sequence by described channel transfer functions distortion.

33. system according to claim 32, wherein, described downhole transceiver comprises multiplexer, and described multiplexer is selected between described training sequence and sensing data, to be modulated on the described underground signal.

34. system according to claim 32, wherein, described aboveground transceiver configuration becomes to determine one group of coefficient based on the copy of described training sequence and the least mean-square error of the difference between the described training sequence that receives.

35. system according to claim 18, wherein, described downhole transceiver is configured to the receiving sensor data and modulates described underground signal based on described sensing data.

36. system according to claim 34, wherein, described downhole transceiver puts on described underground signal with multiple phase shift keying.

37. system according to claim 18, wherein, described aboveground transceiver configuration becomes synchronously to detect described underground signal.

38. according to the described system of claim 37, wherein, described downhole transceiver is configured to apply multiple phase shift keying modulating described underground signal, and described aboveground transceiver comprises for the multiple phase shift keying carrier tracking loop and the demodulator that recover described underground signal.

39. according to the described system of claim 38, wherein, described downhole transceiver is configured to QPSK is put on described underground signal.

40. according to each described system in the claim 18 to 39, wherein, described drill string comprises channel transfer functions, described channel transfer functions is included in the drill string distortion on each aboveground signal, and described at least aboveground transceiver configuration becomes described channel transfer functions is characterized by band limiting filter, and described aboveground transceiver comprises that same-phase balanced device and different phase balanced device are with the distortion of compensation drill string.

41. according to the described system of claim 40, wherein, described aboveground transceiver configuration becomes synchronously to detect described underground signal, and comprises DTTL data transition tracking loop in order to switch between described same-phase balanced device and described different phase balanced device.

42. the equipment in the drill string communication system, described drill string communication system used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between described rig and the described underground instrument to be provided, and described drill string represents channel transfer functions when being used as the described electric conductor that carries underground signal, described underground signal is coupled to described drill string by described underground instrument, and described equipment comprises:

Aboveground receiver, it receives from described drill string as the underground signal that transmits signal, described transmission signal is subjected to the influence of described channel transfer functions, and described aboveground receiver is configured to the compensation response is put on described transmission signal, customizes described compensation response based on described channel transfer functions.

43. according to the described equipment of claim 42, wherein, described channel transfer functions causes the drill string distortion at described underground signal, and described at least aboveground receiver is configured to described channel transfer functions is characterized by the band limiting filter response.

44. according to the described equipment of claim 43, wherein, described band limiting filter response further is characterized by finite impulse response (FIR).

45. according to the described equipment of claim 43, wherein, described aboveground receiver comprises that at least one balanced device is with the distortion of compensation drill string.

46. according to the described equipment of claim 45, wherein, described balanced device comprises equalizer response, described equalizer response is customizable based on one group of equalizer coefficients, so that described equalizer response is adapted to range of variables in the described channel transfer functions.

47. according to the described equipment of claim 46, wherein, the copy of described aboveground receiver storage training sequence, and described aboveground receiver is configured to recover from the described underground signal by described channel transfer functions distortion the transmission version of described training sequence, sets up one group of equalizer coefficients thereby compare with the copy with described training sequence.

48. according to the described equipment of claim 47, wherein, described aboveground receiver is configured to determine one group of coefficient based on the least mean-square error of the difference between the transmission version of the copy of described training sequence and described training sequence.

49. a ground walking locator, it is used for having used the system that extends to the drill string of underground instrument from rig, and described underground tool configuration becomes the transmission electromagnetic locating signal, and described ground walking locator comprises:

Receiver, it is configured to receive described framing signal, detects the decay of the reception of described framing signal, and generates signal consume order in response to the detection of described decay; And

Telemetry transmitter is used for described signal consume command transfer to described rig.

50. according to the described ground walking of claim 49 locator, its configuration is used for generating described signal consume order in response to the reception consume of described framing signal.

51. according to the described ground walking of claim 49 locator, it is configured to generate described signal consume in response to the predetermined attenuation degree of described framing signal.

52. according to the described ground walking of claim 49 locator, it is configured to primitively to carry out noise in response to detection of described reception consume and scans to identify new frequency at described electromagnetic locating signal.

53. according to the described ground walking of claim 49 locator, wherein, described signal consume command recognition is in the following parameter of described electromagnetic locating signal at least one: new transmission powers, new carrier frequency, new baud rate and new modulating mode.

54. a system that carries out sub-terrain operations at least, its used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between described rig and the described underground instrument to be provided, described system comprises:

Downhole transceiver, it is positioned at the down-hole near described underground instrument, and be configured to (i) but receive at least one sensor signal relevant with the operating parameter of described underground instrument, (ii) generate underground signal, described underground signal is transferred on the described drill string of described rig, and based on described sensor signal described underground signal is modulated, (iii) send electromagnetic locating signal so that carrying out the ground detects, wherein framing signal is not modulated by described sensor signal at least;

Aboveground transceiver, it is positioned at described rig place and comprises aboveground receiver, described aboveground receiver is configured to receive described underground signal and recover described sensor signal from described drill string, but so that can obtain the information relevant with operating parameter at described rig place; With

Ground walking locator, it receives described electromagnetic locating signal as in homing beacon and the tracking signal at least one, makes at the detection range of given through-put power described framing signal under the situation of not modulating greater than at the detection range of identical given through-put power through the modulation framing signal of described sensor signal modulation.

55. according to the described system of claim 54, wherein, described ground walking locator is included in narrow band filter placed in the middle on the carrier frequency of described electromagnetic locating signal.

56. according to claim 54 or 55 described systems, wherein, described ground walking locator is configured at least to take remote measurement in order to obtain that sensor related data and ground walking locator generate relevant between the data and with the described aboveground transceiver at described rig place and communicates by letter, described sensor related data is sent to from described underground instrument on the described drill string of described aboveground transceiver, and described ground walking locator generates data and is sent to described aboveground transceiver by electromagnetic telemetry signals.

57. a system that carries out sub-terrain operations at least, its used the drill string that extends to underground instrument from rig as electric conductor so that communicating by letter between described rig and the described underground instrument to be provided, described system comprises:

Aboveground transceiver, it is positioned at described rig place and comprises aboveground transmitter, and described aboveground transmitter configuration becomes the aboveground signal to the described drill string of major general to transfer to described underground instrument;

Downhole transceiver, it is positioned at the down-hole near described underground instrument, and is configured to receive described aboveground signal and optionally send electromagnetic locating signal in order to detect on the ground from described drill string;

Ground walking locator, activation/disabled status that it is used for receiving described electromagnetic locating signal and is used for automatically detecting described ground walking locator, and change in response to detecting activation/disabled status, the state indication that described ground walking locator is configured to show new activation/disabled status transfers to described rig; With

Described aboveground transceiver is further configured into cooperation to disconnect described electromagnetic locating signal in response to described disabled status at least with described downhole transceiver.

58. according to the described system of claim 57, wherein, described ground walking locator is configured to use energetically described electromagnetic locating signal during described state of activation.

59. according to the described system of claim 57, wherein, described ground walking locator comprises at least one accelerometer, described accelerometer produces accelerometer output in response to the mobile of described ground walking locator, and described ground walking locator is configured to detect described disabled status based on described accelerometer output.

60. according to the described system of claim 57, wherein, described ground walking locator comprises and detects described locator near the sensor of the earth's surface, and described ground walking locator is configured to show in response to described locator is positioned on the earth's surface described disabled status.

61. a communication system that be used for to carry out sub-terrain operations at least, it has used from rig and has extended to the drill string of underground instrument and as at least one the ground walking detector homing beacon and the tracking means, described communication system comprises:

Be positioned at the aboveground transceiver at described rig place;

Be positioned at the down-hole near the downhole transceiver of described underground instrument;

Form the telemetry transceiver of the part of described ground walking locator;

First bidirectional communication link between described aboveground transceiver and the described downhole transceiver, its use described drill string as electric conductor so that the communication between described aboveground transceiver and the described downhole transceiver to be provided;

Second bidirectional communication link between the described telemetry transceiver of described aboveground transceiver and described ground walking locator, it adopts wireless electromagnetic communication between described aboveground transceiver and described telemetry transceiver; And

At least the unidirectional communications link from the described downhole transceiver of described underground instrument to described ground walking locator, so that (i) use described first bidirectional communication link to provide first communication pattern from described downhole transceiver via described drill string to the described aboveground transceiver of described rig, (ii) from described downhole transceiver via described unidirectional communications link, the described telemetry transceiver at described ground walking locator place and described second bidirectional communication link provide the second communication pattern to described aboveground transceiver, and (iii) are used at least in part managing controller in communication between described downhole transceiver and the described aboveground transceiver based on system mode.

62. according to the described system of claim 61, it also comprises:

Contact manager, its be used at least at least in part based on described first and second bidirectional communication links and described unidirectional communications link current operable state, at any given transmission from described underground instrument to described rig, by automatically between described first communication pattern and described second communication pattern, selecting to manage the communication from the described downhole transceiver of described underground instrument to the described aboveground transceiver of described rig.

63. according to the described system of claim 62, wherein, described controller is configured to select described first communication pattern pattern by default.

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