CN103195414B

CN103195414B - Drill column communication system, component and method

Info

Publication number: CN103195414B
Application number: CN201310001524.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 艾伯特·周; 洛茨·林
Original assignee: Merlin Technology Inc
Current assignee: Merlin Technology Inc
Priority date: 2012-01-05
Filing date: 2013-01-04
Publication date: 2019-03-26
Anticipated expiration: 2033-01-04
Also published as: CN109899059A; CN107227951A; CN107227951B; CN109899059B; CN103195414A

Abstract

The present invention describes a kind of drill column communication system, component and method.Transceiver can be coupled a signal on drill string on well with certain power, which can be greater than and in some embodiments always greater than the optional power for being directed to underground signal.It can be used on well that transimission power restarts the communication from drilling machine to subsurface tool on the maximum well of transceiver.Program can establish one group of new configured transmission for drill string signal to establish the communication between drilling machine and subsurface tool.The system may include the ground walking locator for receiving activation/disabled status control electromagnetic locating signal.Decay in response to positioning signal, positioning signal can be modified by reconfiguring order.Transceiver and downhole transceiver can automatically modify at least one parameter of underground signal on well.Compensation response can be applied to transmission signal to compensate drill string channel transfer functions by receiver on well.

Description

Drill column communication system, component and method

Related application

This application claims the preferential of the U.S. Provisional Patent Application serial number 61/583,591 submitted on January 5th, 2012 This application is integrally incorporated herein by power by reference.The application also require on January 2nd, 2013 U.S. submitted it is special This application is integrally incorporated herein by the priority of sharp Application Serial No. 13/733,097 by reference.

Technical field

Present invention relates generally to underground (inground) operations, and include advanced drill string more particularly, to one kind The system, apparatus and method of communication system, wherein the advanced drill column communication system by electric signal be coupled on conductive drill string so as to Data transmission, while at least noise and distortion effect provide compensation.Ground walking locator (Walkover locator) is logical Believe support that can integrally by the system and correlation technique.

Background technique

In general, sub-terrain operations, for example, drilling well is drilled, with being formed subsequent to installing public line and expanding drilling Hole, drilling mapping etc. use the conductive drill string to extend out from the drilling machine on ground.The prior art includes being made using conductive drill string Data-signal fax from subsurface tool is directed to the example of drilling machine for electric conductor.Surrounding lands itself serve as inspection Survey the signal return path of the signal at drilling machine.The system of the type is commonly known as measurement while drilling (MWD) system.However, Shen It asks someone to recognize that there are still to the improved needs of mwd system.

The above-mentioned example of the relevant technologies and it is relative be limited to it is illustrative rather than exclusive.To this field After being read specification for technical staff and being studied attached drawing, other limitations of the relevant technologies be will become obvious.

Summary of the invention

Describe a kind of drill column communication system.Transceiver can be coupled a signal on drill string on well with certain power, The power can be greater than and in some embodiments always greater than the optional power for being directed to underground signal.It can be used on well Transimission power restarts the communication from drilling machine to subsurface tool on the maximum well of transceiver.Program can establish to be believed for drill string Number one group of new configured transmission to establish the communication between drilling machine and subsurface tool.The system may include receive activation/ The ground walking locator of the electromagnetic locating signal of disabled status control.Decay in response to positioning signal, reconfiguring order can To modify positioning signal.Transceiver and downhole transceiver can automatically modify at least one parameter of underground signal on well.Well Compensation response can be applied to transmission signal to compensate drill string channel transfer functions by upper receiver.

It is combined as exemplary and illustrative and unrestricted system, tool and method are to following implementation in range Example and its aspect are described and illustrated.In various embodiments, one or more of above problem has reduced or eliminated, And other embodiments are related to other improvement.

In one aspect of the present disclosure, a kind of drill column communication system, relevant device and method are disclosed.The drill string communication system System has used from drilling machine and has extended to the drill string of subsurface tool as electric conductor to provide the communication between drilling machine and subsurface tool.Well Upper transceiver is located at drilling machine and including transmitter on well, and transmitter is coupled signal on well to transimission power on well on well To be transmitted to subsurface tool on drill string.Downhole transceiver is located at underground close to subsurface tool and including downhole transmitter, well Lower transmitter is coupled underground signal on drill string so as on the drill string that is transmitted at drilling machine with downhole transmitted power, downhole transmitted Power can be carried out in power downhole transmission range selection and well on transimission power always greater than power downhole transmit model Enclose interior any selected downhole transmitted power.

In another aspect of the disclosure, describe it is a kind of for operating the method and relevant device of drill column communication system, Drill column communication system used extend to the drill string of subsurface tool as electric conductor from drilling machine with provide drilling machine and subsurface tool it Between communication.In response to utilizing the received consumption for the underground signal being transmitted to when previous group configured transmission from subsurface tool on drill string Damage, restarts the communication from drilling machine to subsurface tool using transceiver on well with transimission power on the maximum well of transceiver on well Subsurface tool is coupled to so that signal will be restarted on well.Based on the response from subsurface tool to signal is restarted on well, Into program to establish one group of new configured transmission at least one of signal on underground signal and well, to establish behind Communication between drilling machine and subsurface tool.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kind of drill column communication system and correlation technique, drill column communication system are described It has used from drilling machine and has extended to the drill string of subsurface tool as electric conductor to provide the communication between drilling machine and subsurface tool.On well Transceiver is located at drilling machine and including transmitter on well, and transmitter couples brill for signal on well with transimission power on well on well To be transmitted to subsurface tool on column.Downhole transceiver is located at underground close to subsurface tool and including downhole transmitter, underground Transmitter is coupled underground signal on drill string with downhole transmitted power on the drill string that is transmitted at drilling machine and to issue tool Have an electromagnetic locating signal of at least one selectively actuatable parameter, downhole transmitted power can in power downhole transmission range into Row selection.The predetermined decaying for the positioning signal that walking locator in ground receives electromagnetic locating signal and detection receives, and ring Ying Yu detects predetermined decaying, and system configuration reconfigures order at automatically generating, and reconfigures order and changes electromagnetic location At least one of following parameter of signal: carrier frequency, transimission power, baud rate and modulating mode.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kind of drill column communication system and correlation technique, drill column communication system are described It has used from drilling machine and has extended to the drill string of subsurface tool as electric conductor to provide the communication between drilling machine and subsurface tool.On well Transceiver is located at drilling machine and including transmitter on well, and transmitter couples brill for signal on well with transimission power on well on well To be transmitted to subsurface tool on column.Downhole transceiver is located at underground close to subsurface tool and including downhole transmitter, underground Transmitter is coupled underground signal on drill string with downhole transmitted power on the drill string that is transmitted at drilling machine and to issue tool There is the electromagnetic locating signal of at least one selectively actuatable parameter, downhole transmitted power is optional in power downhole transmission range It selects.Portable type ground walking locator receives electromagnetic locating signal and detects the reception consume of electromagnetic locating signal, and responds It is consumed in receiving, automatically shows that signal consumes situation to drilling machine.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kind of drill column communication system and correlation technique have used from drilling machine and have extended to ground The drill string of lower tool provides the communication between drilling machine and subsurface tool as electric conductor.On well transceiver be located at drilling machine and Including transmitter on well, transmitter is coupled signal on well on drill string to be transmitted to subsurface tool on well.Downhole transceiver Positioned at underground close to subsurface tool and including downhole transmitter, downhole transmitter couples underground signal on drill string to pass It transports to form on well receiver on the well of a part of transceiver.Transceiver and downhole transceiver are configured to cooperation at least on well It is based in part on the signal decaying of the underground signal as detected by transceiver on well and changes at least the one of underground signal automatically It is a can operation transmission parameter.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kind of equipment and correlation technique in drill column communication system is described, The drill column communication system has used from drilling machine and has extended to the drill string of subsurface tool as electric conductor to provide drilling machine and subsurface tool Between communication.Drill string shows channel transfer functions when being used as the such electric conductor for carrying underground signal, and underground signal is logical It crosses subsurface tool and is coupled to drill string.On well receiver receive from drill string as transmission signal underground signal, transmit signal by To the influence of channel transfer functions, and on well, receiver is configured to will to compensate response and is applied to transmission signal, is passed based on channel Delivery function customization compensation response.

In another aspect of the disclosure, describe a kind of ground walking locator and correlation technique, be used for using In the system for the drill string for extending to subsurface tool from drilling machine, subsurface tool is configured to transmission electromagnetic locating signal.Receiver is matched It is set to reception positioning signal, detects the received decaying of positioning signal, and is detected in response to decaying and generates signal consume order. Telemetry transmitter is configured to consume to order by signal to be transmitted to drilling machine.

In another aspect of the disclosure, describe a kind of at least for executing system and the related side of sub-terrain operations Method, it uses the drill string that subsurface tool is extended to from drilling machine is logical between drilling machine and subsurface tool to provide as electric conductor Letter.Downhole transceiver is located at underground close to subsurface tool, and be configured to (i) to receive to subsurface tool can operating parameter it is related At least one sensor signal, (ii) generate underground signal, underground signal is transferred on the drill string at drilling machine, and is based on Sensor signal is modulated underground signal, and issues electromagnetic locating signal (iii) to carry out ground detection, which believes It number is modulated at least without by sensor signal.Transceiver is located at drilling machine and including receiver on well on well, on well Receiver is configured to receive underground signal from drill string and restores sensor signal, so that can get and can operate at the drilling rig The relevant information of parameter.Walking locator in ground receives at least one that electromagnetic locating signal is used as in homing beacon and tracking signal It is a, so that being greater than for the detection range of given transimission power positioning signal in the case where not modulating for identical given biography The detection range of modulation positioning signal of the defeated power by sensor signal modulation.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a kind of system and method at least for executing sub-terrain operations are described, It has used from drilling machine and has extended to the drill string of subsurface tool as electric conductor to provide the communication between drilling machine and subsurface tool.On well Transceiver is located at drilling machine and including receiver on well, and receiver is configured at least transmit signal on the well on drill string on well To subsurface tool.Downhole transceiver is located at underground close to subsurface tool, and is configured to from signal on drill string received well and selects Issue electromagnetic locating signal selecting property to detect on the ground.Walking locator in ground receives electromagnetic locating signal and automatically detects Activation/disabled status of ground walking locator, and in response to detecting that activation/disabled status changes, ground walking positioning Device is configured to will indicate that the state instruction of new activation/disabled status is transmitted to drilling machine.On well transceiver and downhole transceiver by into One step is configured to cooperation to disconnect electromagnetic locating signal at least responsive to disabled status.

In another aspect of the disclosure, the communication system in a kind of system at least executing sub-terrain operations is described System and correlation technique, it uses extend to the drill string of subsurface tool from drilling machine and as in homing beacon and tracking device The ground walking detector of at least one.Transceiver is located at drilling machine on well.Downhole transceiver is located at underground close to subsurface tool. A part of telemetry transceiver formation ground walking locator.The first two-way communication on well between transceiver and downhole transceiver Link uses drill string as electric conductor and provides the communication on well between transceiver and downhole transceiver.Transceiver and ground on well The second bidirectional communication link between the telemetry transceiver of walking locator uses on well between transceiver and telemetry transceiver Wireless electromagnetic communication.At least foring unidirectional communications link to ground walking locator from the downhole transceiver of subsurface tool makes It is logical first (i) must to be provided via transceiver on the well from drill string to drilling machine from downhole transceiver using the first bidirectional communication link Letter mode, (ii) from downhole transceiver via from unidirectional communications link, ground walking locator telemetry transceiver and second pair Transceiver provides the second communication pattern on communication link to well, and (iii) controller is based at least partially on system mode Manage the communication on downhole transceiver and well between transceiver.

Detailed description of the invention

Exemplary embodiment be shown in attached drawing with reference in figure.Be intended to show: embodiment disclosed herein and attached drawing are to show Example property rather than it is restrictive.

Fig. 1 is the facade diagrammatic view that the system of advanced drill string coupled system of the disclosure is utilized.

Fig. 2 is the diagram perspective drawing of one embodiment of coupling adapter, wherein the coupling adapter be utilized for from Conductive drill string coupled signal and the current transformer for coupling a signal to conductive drill string.

Fig. 3 is the diagrammatic view of another embodiment of coupling adapter, wherein the coupling adapter form for from Conductive drill string coupled signal and the electric isolution gap for coupling a signal to conductive drill string.

Fig. 4 is the perspective illustration view of one embodiment of subsurface tool, which is in the coupling for being connected to the disclosure Close the drill bit of adapter embodiments and the form of ground lower case.

Fig. 5 is the perspective illustration view of another embodiment of subsurface tool, which is in be connected to the disclosure The strain monitor of coupling adapter embodiment and the form of reaming tool.

Fig. 6 is showing the frame of the one embodiment for the electronic section that can be used together with the coupling adapter of the disclosure Figure.

Fig. 7 be showing it is available at the drilling rig or an implementation of the electronic section of a part as drill string repeater The block diagram of example, wherein the drill string repeater cooperates with the coupling adapter for the disclosure for serving subsurface tool.

Fig. 8 is the block diagram of the embodiment of advanced two-way drill column communication system.

Fig. 9 is the approximate model for the drill string being made of multiple conductive drilling pipe segmentations being detachably connected.

Figure 10 a and Figure 10 b are the embodiments that the details of transceiver on advanced downhole transceiver and advanced well is shown respectively Block diagram.

Figure 11 a is the block diagram of the embodiment of linear channel equalizer.

Figure 11 b is the block diagram of the embodiment of decision feedback equalizer.

Figure 12 a and Figure 12 b are that the adaptability towards judgement is linear and the block diagram of the embodiment of decision feedback equalizer respectively.

Figure 13 a is the flow chart for the system starting of the disclosure and the embodiment of the method reinitialized.

Figure 13 b is the flow chart for the embodiment for the method that dynamically/automatically control positioning signal is transmitted.

Figure 13 c is the reality of the appearance for the ability for showing the invalidating state for showing positioning signal and changing current state Apply the screenshot capture of example.

Figure 14 is on the well for the cooperative operation disclosure and the flow chart of the embodiment of the method for downhole transceiver.

Figure 15 is the stream of the embodiment of the communication protocol method between the downhole transceiver of the disclosure and portable navigation system Cheng Tu.

Figure 16 is the flow chart for the embodiment for operating the method for communication controler.

Specific embodiment

It is proposed, which is described below, enables those of ordinary skill in the art to manufacture and use the present invention, and apply in patent and It provides and is described below under the background of its demand.The various modifications of the embodiment will be easy to those skilled in the art Ground become it will be apparent that and the General Principle of teachings herein can be adapted for other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention is unlimited In illustrated embodiment, but meet as limit within the scope of the appended claims include modifications and equivalents with this paper institute The consistent widest range of principle and feature stated.It should be noted that attached drawing is not drawn to scale, and be substantially by Think to best illustrate the diagram of the mode of interest characteristics.Descriptive term can be used about these explanations, however, the art It is for the ease of reader's understanding that language, which uses, it is not intended that limitation.Further, in order to show it is clear and be not drawn on draw it is attached Figure.

Returning now to attached drawing, identical component is denoted by the same reference numerals in various figures, will be paid attention to immediately Power is directed toward Fig. 1, and Fig. 1 is the horizontal orientation for schematically showing constructed according to the present disclosure and generally being indicated by reference number 10 The elevation of one embodiment of well system.Although diagram system show the present invention horizontal directional drilling system and it In the frame of component for executing earth drilling operation, but about (the including but not limited to vertical drilling well of other operation sequences Operation retracts operation, mapping operation etc. for install public utility), the present invention enjoys equivalent applicability.

Fig. 1 shows the system 10 operated in region 12.System 10 includes the drilling machine 14 with drill string 16, and drill string 16 is from brill Machine 14 extends to boring bar tool 20a or 20b.It should be noted that in order to will become apparent reason, it is shown that drill string Two examples and boring bar tool 20a and 20b of the ground lower end of 12a and 12b.Using solid line show drill string example 16a and Boring bar tool 20a, and the example 16b and boring bar tool 20b of drill string are shown in illusory mode using dotted line.It should be understood that One selected in two illustrative examples is used only during given sub-terrain operations.To drill string and boring bar tool referring generally to can To use reference number 16 and 20.Drill string can be pushed in ground at least to move generally along forward direction 22 shown in arrow Subsurface tool 20.Although this example is the use according to boring bar tool and construct, it is to be understood, however, that discussing suitable for any The subsurface tool of suitable form, including but not limited to reaming tool retract operation (can wherein install public utility or shell) The tension monitoring tool that period uses, the drawing tool for drawing bore path are (for example, use inertial guidance unit and underground Pressure monitoring).In the operation of boring bar tool, it is usually desirable to which the propulsion based on drill string is monitored, and is such as retracting operation Other operations in, be normally in response to recalling for drill string and be monitored.

It continues to refer to figure 1, drill string 16 partlys show and is segmented, thus by the independent drilling pipe of multiple removable attachments Segmentation is constituted, and the segmentation of some of which drilling pipe is expressed as 1,2, N-1 and N, has section length and wall thickness.Drilling pipe segmentation is interchangeable Ground is known as the drilling rod with pole length.During rig operations, in order to promote subsurface tool, once a drilling pipe can be segmented Drill string is increased to, and is pushed into ground by drilling machine using movable carriage 24.Drilling machine 14 may include suitably supervising Arrangement is surveyed, to measure the movement that drill string enters ground, for example, in entitled " SYSTEMS, ARRANGEMENTS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS FOR TRACKING AND/OR GUIDING AN UNDERGROUND BORING TOOL's " US patent No.6,035, the 951(hereinafter patent of ' 951) described in, the patent and the application belong to jointly and from there through The mode of reference is incorporated to.For example, mounting ultrasonic receiver 28 can be positioned on the drilling cramp of drilling machine, and ultrasonic transmitter 30 It can be positioned on movable carriage, movable carriage is used for extending and withdrawal drill string.Between receiver 28 and transmitter 30 Distance can establish in the range of less than one inch.By monitor the distance and combine monitoring clamp arrangement 32(its in response to Drilling rod is removed or increases to drill string and acts) state, the length of drill string can be tracked.

Each drilling pipe segmentation defines what the pass through openings 34(extended between the opposed end of pipe segmentation was shown in which Two).Drilling pipe segmentation can be cooperated with commonly known as box and pin accessory, so that each end of given drilling pipe segmentation can It is threadedly engaged with the adjacent end portion in a well-known manner with another drilling pipe segmentation in drill string.Once drilling pipe segmentation engagement Drill string is constituted, the pass through openings of adjacent drilling pipe segmentation will be aligned to form total access 36 shown in arrow in drilling pipe segmentation.It bores The access 36 of each underground example of column, which can be provided, meets arrow direction 36 from drilling machine to drill bit for drilling fluid or mud Pressurized flow, as will be described further.

It can use display 44 to establish at drilling machine 14 (such as on console 42) and show boring bar tool in region 12 Underground path along interior position and boring bar tool.Console may include processing unit 46 and control actuator devices 47.It should be noted that the processing unit 46 at drilling machine may include the device of transceiver hereinafter referred to as on well.

Boring bar tool 20 may include drill bit 50, and drill bit 50 has angled face, for being based on tool planar orientation In the steering of (roll orientation).That is, drill bit usually will be angled based on its when being pushed forward without rotating The tool planar orientation in face and carry out deflection.On the other hand, when pushing drill string, by the rotary drill column as shown in double-head arrow 51, Drill bit can be usually set to advance along straight line.Certainly, foreseeable turn to is premised on suitable edaphic condition.It should be noted that , under high pressure may be used to pass through the just ground before drill bit and provide cooling and lubrication, above-mentioned drilling fluid to drill bit With injection for jet stream 52.Boring bar tool 20 includes the ground lower case 54 for accommodating electronic packing piece 56.For following description, the electricity Sub- packaging part is properly termed as downhole transceiver.Ground lower case is configured to provide for flowing to drilling fluid around electronic packing piece Drill bit 50.For example, electronic packing piece constructively can be cylindrical and is supported in shell 54 in a centered manner.It bores First 50 may include box accessory, the box fitment receiver lower case 54 pin accessory.The opposed end of ground lower case may include Box accessory, the pin accessory of the box fitment receiver coupling adapter 60a or 60b.It should be noted that showing by way of non-limiting example Two examples of the coupling adapter shown are substantially indicated by reference number 60, it is to be appreciated that can use any suitable reality Apply example.The opposed end of coupling adapter 60 may include box accessory, which limits the distally lower end of drill string Pin accessory.It should be noted that drill bit, lower case and coupling adapter box and pin accessory be and the drilling pipe of drill string is segmented The upper box and pin accessory being substantially the same convenient for drilling pipe segmentation is removably attached each other when forming drill string box and pin accessory.Ground Lower electronic packing piece 56 may include transceiver 64, in some embodiments transceiver 64 can transmit positioning signal 66(for example, Dipole locating signal), but this is not essential.In some embodiments, transceiver 64 can receive by other underground components The electromagnetic signal of generation, as will be described at appropriate point below.For descriptive purpose, this example will assume that electromagnetic signal is The positioning signal of dipole signal form.Correspondingly, electromagnetic signal can be described as positioning signal.It should be understood that dipole signal can be with The modulation data can be restored from the signal through ovennodulation and later as any other electromagnetic signal.The positioning function of signal Energy property depends, at least partially, on the characteristic shape and its signal strength of flux field, rather than carries the ability of modulation.Therefore, it adjusts System is not required.About boring bar tool certain parameters (for example, inclination angle (pitch) and towards angle (roll) (orientation parameter), Temperature and drilling liquid pressure) information can by be located at boring bar tool in suitable sensor device 68 measure, sense Device device 68 for example may include obliquity sensor, towards angle transducer, temperature sensor, public for sensing about 50/60Hz With the AC field sensor of route and any other sensor needed, for example, the DC magnetic field sensing being orientated for sense yaw Device (three axle magnetometer is formed together electronic compass with three axis accelerometer and measures to yaw orientation).Electronic packing piece 56 It further include the processor 70 as needed with 64 interface of sensor device 68 and transceiver.One of sensor device can be formed Another sensor divided is the accelerometer for being configured to detect the acceleration on one or more axis.Battery (not shown) can To be arranged in shell, for providing electric power.

Ground walking/portable navigation system 80 can be used for detecting electromagnetic signal 66.In entitled " FLUX PLANE A kind of conjunction is described in the US patent No.6,496,008 of LOCATING IN AN UNDERGROUND DRILLING SYSTEM " Suitable and highly advanced portable navigation system, the patent and the application belong to jointly and from there through the mode of reference by it entirely Portion is incorporated herein.As described above, although this description is suitable for the frame that descriptive purpose has used horizontal directional drilling For various sub-terrain operations, and it is not intended to limit.As discussed above, electromagnetic signal can be carried including orientation parameter (for example, inclining Angle and towards angle) information.Electromagnetic signal can also carry other information.Such information for example may include close to drillman Tool or the parameter measured inside boring bar tool, including temperature and voltage (such as battery or power voltage).Locator 80 includes Electronic packing piece 82.It should be noted that all parts interface of electronic packing piece and locator is to carry out telecommunication, and It can carry out data processing.Can be in any suitable manner by interested modulates information to electromagnetic signal 66, and pass The antenna 84 at locator 80 and/or drilling machine is transported to, but this is not essential.Being currently available or untapped The modulation of what suitable form can be used.The example of the modulation for the suitable type being currently available includes amplitude modulation, frequency tune System, phase-modulation and its modification.Any interested parameter (for example, inclination angle) about drilling well may be displayed on display 44 And/or such as from the display 86 that the positioning signal is shown in locator 80 with restoring.Drilling machine 14 can transmit telemetered signal 98, Telemetered signal 98 can be received by locator 80.Telemetered signal 92 can be transmitted to brill from locator 80 via telemetering antenna 94 Machine.Telemetering component is provided for the bidirectional signaling between drilling machine and locator 80.As the example signaled in this way, base In the state of clamping device 32, drilling machine can be segmented just increasing to drill string or removing from drill string because of drilling pipe and (during this period, clamp Arrangement is engaged with drill string) and transmit the instruction that drill string remains static.

Referring still to Fig. 1, cable 100 can extend out from underground electronic packing piece 56, allow on the cable Electrical transmission any sensing value relevant to the operation of subsurface tool or parameter.Those skilled in the art will appreciate that logical Referred to as " pipe middle line (wire-in-pipe) " can be used for transmitting a signal to drilling machine.Term pipe middle line refers to being contained in by boring The cable in inner passage 34 that column is formed.However, cable 100 extends to the reality of underground coupling adapter 60 according to the disclosure Apply example or other suitable underground devices.As described above, the first embodiment for being coupled to boring bar tool 50a is referred to by reference number 60a Show, and the second embodiment for being coupled to boring bar tool 50b is indicated by reference number 60b, as follows is that will be described with.

Attention now points to Fig. 2 and combines Fig. 1.Fig. 2 is the embodiment for showing coupling adapter in further detail The diagram perspective drawing of 60a.It should be noted that coupling adapter 60a indicates a reality of suitable coupling device as described above Example is applied, and in entitled " DRILL STRING COUPLING ADAPTER AND METHOD FOR INGROUND The serial number No.13/035 of SIGNAL COUPLING " has been described in detail in 774 US patent application, from there through The full content of the patent application is incorporated to by the mode of reference.Specifically, coupling adapter 60a includes main body 120, main body 120 Pin accessory 122 is formed to engage with the box accessory (not shown) of ground lower case 54.It should be noted that understanding not to show Screw thread is shown on pin accessory, it should be understood that there are screw threads.Main body includes at least one high pressure electrical connection module.Coupling is suitable Orchestration 60a further includes ennation 140, and ennation 140 is removably attached to main body 120 and allows to replace main body or extension Body.Main body and ennation can be formed by any suitable material, such as by nonmagnetic alloy (including non-magnetic stainless steel) and magnetic Property alloy (for example, 4140,4142,4340 or any suitable high strength steel) formed.Specifically, when distance drives coupling adaptation When many feet of the electronic module of device or many drilling rods place coupling adapter, non magnetic form may not be necessary.However, If the underground device (for example, steering tool) in detection earth's magnetic field nearby uses coupling adapter, non-magnetic material is used To avoid potential magnetic interference.In this regard it is well known that the magnetic respective material of non magnetic high-strength alloy and they It is usually much higher compared in terms of cost.It should be noted that there is no main bodys and ennation to be formed from the same material in this way It is required that.

Cylindrical ring 144 is contained between main body 120 and ennation 140.It should be noted that making to justify for this explanation Cylindrical ring is rendered as transparent current transformer 160 being visible.Cylindrical ring can be by usually having underground environment Any suitable material of resistance and electrical isolation is formed.By way of non-limiting example, a kind of suitable material is transformation toughening oxygen Change zircon ceramic, other ceramic materials may be also suitable.As seen in Figure 2, the outer surface of cylindrical ring 144 relative to main body and The outer surface of ennation can be insert, it is therefore an objective to reduce the potential damage to cylindrical ring and reduce on cylindrical ring Abrasion.For example, being based on the insert, arrangement 32(Fig. 1 is clamped) it can bridge and keep not contacting with cylindrical ring.Further Ground, the underground abrasion of cylindrical ring caused by can reduce because of the rotation of drill string, advancing and recall.In this regard, it should be understood that , because of similar reason, electrical connection module 130 can be insert, as shown in Figure 2.Current transformer may include The coil being wrapped on annular or annular core.In this regard, iron core may include any suitable cross-sectional shape, example Such as, rectangle, square and circle.In the illustrated embodiment, iron core can be separation in order to current transformer installation. A pair of of electric lead of opposed end from current mutual inductor coil is coupled to the cable 100 at electrical connection module 130.It answers Understand, any suitable current transformer and specific current transformer described herein can be used not by way of limitation Property.The opposed end 170 of ennation 140 defines the box accessory being threadedly engaged for the underground distal end with drill string.It closes In Fig. 1, it should be understood that when assembling drill string at the drilling rig, coupling adapter 60 may be mounted at the adjacent brill of any two Between pipe segmentation.For example, the desired embodiment of coupling adapter can be located between drilling pipe segmentation N-1 and N in Fig. 1.Then, electric Cable 100 extends through drilling pipe segmentation n from subsurface tool and reaches coupling adapter.

Present attention turns to Fig. 3, and Fig. 3 is the diagram perspective drawing for showing the embodiment of coupling adapter 60b.It should be noted that , Fig. 3 is corresponding to entitled " DRILL STRING INGROUND ISOLATOR IN AN MWD SYSTEM AND Serial No. No.13/593, Fig. 2 of 439 US patent application (hereinafter referred to as ' 439 application) of ASSOCIATED METHOD ", All the contents of the application are introduced from there through reference mode.The embodiment of Fig. 3 indicates numerous conjunctions disclosed in ' 439 applications One in suitable embodiment.Each of these embodiments form in drill string when being positioned in drill string shown in FIG. 1 It is electrically isolated gap or interruption.' 439 applications also disclose the underground interchangeable tools system to be formed and be electrically isolated gap, as this Shen It please another useful embodiment under background.

The component includes the pin end shell 200 with pin accessory 202, and pin accessory 202 defines through channel, cable 100 can extend out from the through channel to carry out external electrical connections.Box end shell 210 defines box accessory 212.Pin is matched The accessory that part 202 and box accessory 212 can be segmented on (drilling pipe segmentation constitute drill string 16) with drilling pipe matches, so that isolator can be with It is inserted into any desired joint in drill string.Isolator further includes and each in pin boss body end 200 and box shell end 210 Transmission dental inlay (drive dog) shell 220 of engagement, wherein transmission dental inlay shell is electrically coupled to the pin boss body in entire component. Pin boss body end, box shell end and transmission dental inlay shell in the present embodiment are usually made of suitable high-strength material, example Such as, wherein latter two is non magnetic high-strength alloy to 4340,4140,4142 and 15-15HS or Monel K 500(), this It is because these components are by potential unfavorable subsurface environment and relatively extreme power.Based on multiple electric isolution components 270 Dispose (can be any suitable shape), box end shell 210 and pin end shell 200 be electrically isolated with limit be electrically isolated/absolutely Intermarginal gap.

It should be understood that any suitably-arranged can be used in order to couple a signal on drill string, and in order to realize by The details that signal is coupled to the specific structure about illustrated embodiment of drill string is not considered as restrictive.For example, in title For the Serial No. of " INGROUND DRILL STRING HOUSING AND METHOD FOR SIGNAL COUPLING " No.13/035 describes another suitably-arranged using current transformer in 833 US patent application, passes through the side of reference The full content of the patent application is incorporated to by formula.In the latter application, current transformer is supported by ground lower case, ground lower case Electronic packing piece can also be supported.In addition, the prior art includes the example that at least statement setting is electrically isolated other arrangements in gap. By example, US patent No.7,649,474 are described in the 33rd to 42 row of third column using for example configured with the glass of metal end The material of glass fiber segmentation forms the straightforward procedure of the electric isolution segmentation in drill string.

Fig. 4 is perspective illustration view, the subsurface tool 20 in boring bar tool form is shown, with drill bit 50.In order to The disclosure, coupling adapter/isolator 60 or the installation of other suitably-arrangeds are as with well-surface part 400 and underground part 402 Drill string a part.The underground part of drill string may include any suitable ground lower case 54(such as drill bit shell) and/or Isolator 60 is connected to the ground to one or more intervention drilling pipe segmentation (not shown) of lower case.In this example, ground lower case It is drill bit or boring bar tool.Cable 100 can extend to electronic packing piece 56 in the through channel of drill string to receive with drill string Send out device 64(Fig. 1) telecommunication.Depending on specific embodiment, the conductor of cable 100 for example can connect to current transformer or It is connected in such a way that bridging is electrically isolated gap.As discussed above, drilling fluid can be flowed around electronics kit to reach the ground of drill string Lower distal end (such as drill bit).In the illustrated embodiment, in order to from transceiver 64(Fig. 1) emit signal 66, ground lower case 54 Including slot 420.Coupling adapter 60 is removably attached to ground lower case 54, and ground lower case 54 itself is ready to removably attached It is connected to the distal end of drill string.

Fig. 5 is perspective illustration view, and it illustrates the subsurface tools 20 for being in reaming tool form comprising removably attached It is connected to the reamer (reamer) 422 of an end of ground lower case 54.In this embodiment, in the same manner as in figure 4 separately Other places setting shell 54 and coupling adapter 60.When drill string draws reaming tool towards drilling machine, in order to expand drilling, along arrow institute Draw reaming tool in the direction 424 shown.The attaching opposite ends of reaming tool are to an end of tension monitoring device 430.Tension The opposed end of monitoring device can be attached to public utility (not shown), draw the public utility by widened drilling to incite somebody to action The public utility is installed in the borehole.Tension monitoring device 430 measures the drawing being applied in public utility during ream operation Power.A kind of suitable and highly advantageous tension monitoring device, the United States Patent (USP) are described in US patent No.5,961,252 Belong to jointly with the application and is incorporated herein entire contents by way of reference.Tension monitoring device 430 can pass Transmission of electricity magnetic signal 434, tension monitoring data can be modulated in electromagnetic signal 434.Signal 434 can be by transceiver 64 (Fig. 1) is received, and is allowed to using current transformer 160(referring to fig. 2) corresponding data is placed on drill string to be transmitted to and to bore Machine.It should be understood that wireless signal can be received from any type of subsurface tool by transceiver 64, and describe tension The present embodiment of monitoring device is not intended to limit.For example, plotting unit can be used in another embodiment instead of tension Monitoring device.Such plotting unit for example can use inertial navigation system (INS) and be operated.

Fig. 6 is the block diagram for being further shown specifically the embodiment of electronic section 56.Part 56 may include the receipts for realizing Fig. 1 It sends out device 64 and realizes the functional underground digital signal processor 510 of institute.Sensor section 68 can be through converting from analog to number Device (ADC) 512 is electrically connected to digital signal processor 510.The sensor of any appropriate combination can be provided for given application, And it such as can be selected from accelerometer 520, magnetometer 522, temperature sensor 524 and pressure sensor 526, pressure Force snesor 526 can be sensed from drill string and/or before jet drilling well liquid in the annular region of the underground part of drill string The pressure of drilling fluid.Adapter/isolator 60 is diagrammatically shown as will be on the well of the underground part 402 of drill string and drill string Part 400 separates, for use in sending mode (coupling data on drill string) and reception pattern (restoring data from drill string) One of or both in.As shown, can be common by reference number 528 by the first conducting wire 528a and the second conducting wire 528b( Ground indicate) by electronic section be connected to by isolator is formed be electrically insulated/isolated interruption both ends.In the reality using current transformer It applies in example, these conducting wires can connect to current transformer conducting wire.About sending mode, it can be used and be connected electrically in underground digital Antenna driver section point 530 between signal processor 510 and conducting wire 528 is to directly drive drill string.In general, in order to avoid interference, It can be used and the data being coupled in drill string are adjusted from the frequency for driving any frequency of dipole antenna 540 different System, dipole antenna 540 can emit above-mentioned signal 66(Fig. 1).When antenna driver 530 disconnects, ON/(SW) 550 Conducting wire 528 is connected to the property of can choose bandpass filter (BPF) 552, the center frequency that bandpass filter (BPF) 552 has Rate corresponds to the centre frequency from the received data-signal of drill string.BPF552 is then connected to analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 554, analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 554 itself is connected to signal process part 510.In view of used specific The modulation of form, those skilled in the art can easily carry out in the recovery to data modulated in signal process part Configuration.

Referring still to Fig. 6, dipole antenna 540 can connect that (signal 66 is sent to native around for use in sending mode In ground) and reception pattern (receive such as Fig. 5 signal 434 electromagnetic signal) one of or both in.About sending mode, Using the antenna driver section being connected electrically between underground digital signal processor 510 and dipole antenna 540 point 560 to drive day Line.In addition, the frequency of signal 66 is usually by the frequency for differing markedly from drill string signal to avoid interference therebetween.When antenna drives When device 560 disconnects, dipole antenna 540 is connected to 570 property of can choose of ON/(SW) bandpass filter (BPF) 572, the centre frequency that bandpass filter (BPF) 572 has corresponds to the centre frequency from the received data-signal of dipole antenna. BPF572 is then connected to analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 574, and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 574 itself is connected to number Word signal processing 510.In view of used particular form modulation and consider the complete disclosure, in many Those of ordinary skill in the art can be easily to the transceiver electronics for signal process part in suitable embodiment Device is configured.In view of published introduction herein, design shown in fig. 6 can be modified in any suitable manner.

With reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 7, the latter is the block diagram that may be constructed the component of embodiment of ground transceiver devices, is received on the ground Hair device device is generally indicated by reference number 600 and is coupled to drill string 16.Ground current transformer 602 is for example located in brill On machine 14 so as to couple a signal to drill string 16 and/or from drill string 16 restore signal.Current transformer 602 can be electrically connected to For one of sending mode (modulating data on drill string) and reception pattern (restoring modulated data from drill string) or In the two.Transceiver electronic packing piece 606 is connected to current transformer, and can be battery powered or be made by drilling machine power supply Substantially an unbounded quantity of electric power can be obtained by obtaining.On this point, on well transimission power usually always greater than the well being battery powered The downhole transmitted power of lower transceiver.Therefore, downhole transmitted power may be selected in downhole transmitted power bracket, downhole transmitted function Rate range uploads defeated power lower than most The Small Well and makes on well power always greater than any selected downhole transmitted power.In a reality It applies in example, maximum downhole transmitted power can be down to 1 watt.Typically, it is difficult to obtain the maximum more than 5 watts on battery power Power.In one embodiment, higher-wattage water can be obtained by the energy from battery being stored by using supercapacitor Flat (for example, 3 to 5 watts).However, due to the finite energy capacity of supercapacitor, thus the duty cycle is limited.Phase Than under, transimission power (even if being minimum value) can be 100 watts on well.For sending mode, using being connected electrically on the ground Antenna driver section point 610 between digital signal processor 618 and current transformer 602 is with driving current mutual inductor.In addition, being Avoid interfering, can be used from for dipole antenna 540(Fig. 1 and Fig. 6 in drivingly lower case 54) it is different and with every Signal is driven to the different frequency of the frequency on the ground lower end of drill string from device 60, the data being coupled in drill string are adjusted System.When antenna driver 610 disconnects, current transformer 602 is connected to 620 property of can choose of ON/(SW) band Bandpass filter (BPF) 622, the centre frequency that bandpass filter (BPF) 622 has correspond to from the received data-signal of drill string Centre frequency.BPF622 is then connected to analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 630, and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 630 is certainly Body is connected to signal process part 618.It should be understood that signal process part 618 and including transceiver on well Associated components, what the processing unit 46(that can form drilling machine made to be shown in broken lines) a part, or in suitable interface 634 On be connected to processing unit 46.Transceiver 606 can send to subsurface tool and order, to realize various purposes, for example, control passes Defeated power, selection modulating frequency, change data format (for example, reducing baud rate to increase decoding ranges) etc..In view of being adopted The modulation of particular form and consider the complete disclosure, the ordinary skill in many suitable embodiments Personnel can easily configure the transceiver electronics for signal process part.

Referring still to Fig. 1 and Fig. 7, in repeater embodiments, another underground isolator device 640(is shown in dotted line In frame) current transformer 602 is replaced together with another example of ground lower case 54.Device 640 may include according to the disclosure Any suitable embodiment of underground adapter/isolator comprising the isolator used at subsurface tool another Example.In the apparatus, isolator is connected to transceiver 606(Fig. 6) and a joint as unit insertion drill string it is (logical Example is crossed, at 1000 feet of subsurface tool) in serviced in a manner of repeater.Therefore, the segmentation 400 ' of drill string Isolator can be connected to drilling machine, and the segmentation 402 ' of drill string is used as the isolation at isolator device 640 and subsurface tool The medial section of drill string between device 60.Repeater units, which for example can be inserted, to be formed between the drilling pipe segmentation 1 and 2 of Fig. 1 Joint.It may include box accessory at one end and in opposite end for the ground lower case in repeater applications Pin accessory.Certainly, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the adapter of box and pin accessory is it is known that and can hold It changes places acquisition.In another embodiment, joint can be inserted in isolator device 640, while repeater electronics accommodate In the pressure measuring cylinder in the through channel for being supported on adjacent drilling pipe segmentation by centralizer (centralizer).In another implementation Example in, repeater electronics can be placed in the shell of end load or side loaded, and with isolator telecommunication Mode is inserted into drill string.The shell of this end or side loaded may include that drilling fluid is allowed to flow through channel therein.Certainly, In in these embodiments any one, repeater electronics can by with above description it is consistent in a manner of be electrically connected to every From device.Mode in order to avoid signal interference and by way of non-limiting example, repeater can be picked up with a carrier frequency Signal from subsurface tool or another repeater, and can be distinguished to make signal each other, which can To transmit signal again on drill string with different carrier frequencies.As another example, suitable modulate so that letter can be used It number can distinguish.It therefore, can be with the signal coupling apparatus telecommunication with isolator so as to based in the generation of received data-signal Repeater electronics packaging part is accommodated after any suitable way of device signal (it is different from received data-signal).

Attention now points to Fig. 8, and Fig. 8 is to show generally to be communicated by the advanced two-way drill string that reference number 700 indicates The block diagram of the embodiment of system.System 700 includes transceiver 702 and downhole transceiver 704 on well.Transceiver 702 is usual on well It at least may include the feature of the previously described transceiver 600 of Fig. 7, and downhole transceiver 704 typically at least may include Fig. 6 Previously described downhole transceiver 56 feature, to include the setting for emitting positioning signal.Therefore, the two-way communication System can send data on the drilling pipe/bar for constituting drill string 16 in both directions.Applicants have appreciated that at least because of for example from Dipole antenna 540(Fig. 6) signal strength (with cube being inversely proportional for distance) of electromagnetic signal of transmitting undergoes and consumes with distance Damage, therefore system 700 is by avoiding at least some signals from bringing benefit and being emitted through ground.For giving transimission power, lead to It crosses and drill string is used to be transmitted as electric conductor by the increase of available communication range.The technology being disclosed below provide via Drill string uses the further improvement of this two-way communication.

Applicants have appreciated that about electric signal is transmitted by drill string, there are some challenges.For example, drilling machine can will come from it The electrical/electronic noise of system is electrically coupled in drill string.As another example, electromagnetic noise can for example from fiber optic cables Etc. relevant underground power line and tracker line along the outflow of drilling well path.The noise can be coupled via the electric conductivity of soil To drill string.As another example, distorted signals may be due to constituting interconnection and drill string between the drilling rod of drill string, drilling rod Around soil and generate.The subsequent influence that the electric signal that drill string is carried in noise and distortion is discussed in detail describes signal It degenerates, proposes at least three kinds of methods and the relevant device that are related to further enhancing such communication system later.As will be seen, These methods are related to: (1) Noise scan, and (2) are balanced and receiver is trained or customized in (3).

As discussed above, the electrical noise in drill string can from drilling machine and/or via soil electric conductivity from the underground in soil Source (such as underground power line) is coupled to drill string.Ambient enviroment of these noise independents at situ of drilling well, and therefore, with existing Difference and can change.Correspondingly, it is assumed that noise is indicated by function n(t), and either broadband can be again Narrowband.By unrestricted example, narrow-band noise includes the fundamental wave of 50 or 60 cycle power line noises, and broadband noise includes The harmonic wave of power line communication (PLC), motor controller noise and 50 or 60 cycle power line frequencys.

Distortion can due to by drilling rod (such as interconnection between drilling rod) introduce electric parasitic antenna and from drilling rod week The electric conductivity of the soil enclosed and generate.Fig. 9 shows an approximation of the drill string generally indicated by reference number 720 in soil Model.Drill string is made of N number of drilling rod, and the electric conductivity of soil is at least difficult to define to a certain extent, however, it can lead to Cross the model close approximation shown.This electric model can be indicated by following mathematics Laplce's expression formula:

Wherein a_iIt is constant and is defined by the electric parasitic resistor and capacitor of model and the electric conductivity of soil, For example, shown in Fig. 9.What term " channel " referred to extending between transceiver 702 in downhole transceiver 704 and well Interconnect the All Paths length of drilling pipe segmentation.Hereafter, channel can refer to the electrical characteristics of entire drill string.Equation EQ(1) it can claim For the transmission function of channel.The form that can be more familiar with as shown below expresses equation EQ(1):

Equation EQ(2) it discloses channel and acts on transmission as band limiting filter (band limiting filter) On signal.Equation EQ(2) there is time-domain expression, as follows:

Wherein L^-1Refer to inverse Laplace transformation.Noise and distortion and the drilling pipe point by constituting drill string will be hereafter discussed The interaction for the electric signal that section carries.

It is display about 704 He of downhole transceiver that attention, which now points to Figure 10 a and Figure 10 b, Figure 10 a and Figure 10 b respectively, The block diagram of the details of transceiver 702 on well.Primitively, it should be noted that the transmitter 800 of transceiver 702 can be on well Any suitable type, for example, using the configuration of H bridge for driving current mutual inductor 602(Fig. 7).It is generated by transmitter 800 Signal can use the receiver of any suitable type by the receiver 802(in downhole transceiver 704, it may for example comprise coupling To the front-end protection circuit of low-noise preamplifier, follows and be coupled to simulation to number after low-noise preamplifier The bandpass filter of converter and digital signal processor) it is received.In this regard, it should be noted that such Receiver is commonly used in reception positioning signal 66.About transmitter 800 and receiver 802, Applicants have realized that, in order to wear The communication of downhole transceiver is passed to, substantially quantity-unlimiting power can be obtained at the drilling rig, it is as will be discussed further below.? Transmitter portion 802 in downhole transceiver 704 receives the sensing data 812 for being converted into digital form.Sensing data by Data encoder/encryption part 810 is encoded and is encrypted.In this regard it should be understood that data encryption is not required 's.Although embodiment described herein uses the modification of phase-shift keying (PSK) by way of non-limiting example, it is to be understood, however, that The modulation of any suitable form be currently available or untapped can be used, while still relying on disclosed herein Introduction.Other appropriate modulation schemes include such as frequency shift keying (FSK) and Synchronization.Multiplexer 910 then can Selectively to couple MPSK(multiple phase shift keying for data) modulator 912, to be modulated on carrier wave.MPSK modulator can To execute 2^MPhase-modulation, wherein M={ 1,2,3,4 }.Then multiplexer 914 can choose for being electromagnetically coupled to drill string On modulated signal.Coupled signal can have the mathematic(al) representation of following form:

Wherein P_TIt is transimission power, f_cIt is carrier frequency, θ_kIt is the carrier phase and d(t for indicating data bit) it is base band Signal.For example, if M=1, MPSK become BPSK(binary phase shift keying), wherein according to following mapping binary number According to:

As another example, QPSK(quadrature phase shift keying is become for M=2, MPSK), by two binary data Bit mapping is at one in four phases.Two positions have been illustrated below to carrier phase { θ_kQPSK a kind of mapping:

Correspondingly, four carrier phase values indicate four data symbols in QPSK embodiment.

In equation EQ(4a), d(t) it is expressed as follows the baseband signal of restriction:

Wherein T_bIt is bit duration, and p(t) it can be defined as follows:

In response to transmission of the electric signal on drill string, signal reaches receiver (for example, in the opposite end of drill string Place) when because noise and distortion due to decay.The signal of decaying received can be described as follows with mathematical way:

Wherein P_L< 1 indicates transmission signal in propagating through drilling pipe segmentation by the function for example leaked in conductive soil Rate consume.Term n(t) it indicates to introduce the noise on drill string from ambient enviroment, noise increases to transmission signal.Function f(t) table Show the baseband waveform being distorted by channel and can be defined as follows:

Wherein * refers to convolution algorithm, d(t) be defined on EQ(5a) in and c(t) be defined on EQ(3) in.For example, Equation EQ(6a) defined in signal reach on well at transceiver 702, signal can be solved at transceiver 702 on well Decoding reconcile to restore base band binary data { cos(θ_k), sin(θ_k).

Figure 10 b is the block diagram for showing the embodiment of transceiver 702 on well.In this embodiment, transceiver includes well on well Upper receiver 1000.The latter may be positioned so that via multiplexer 1002 and using the suitable coupling of such as current transformer 602 It attaches together to set and selectively be communicated with drill string 16.Receiver 1000 include carrier tracking loop and demodulator 1004, carrier tracking loop and Demodulator 1004 tracks the carrier frequency and phase of signal received, then consistently/synchronously demodulate carrier wave.Certainly, it selects The carrier tracking loop and demodulator of fixed concrete type are complementary with the modulator being used in downhole transceiver.Data can also be used Conversion tracking ring (DTTL) 1006 carrys out trace bit timing conversion, allows to increased accuracy to { cos(θ_k), sin(θ_k) It is decoded.In this way, in this embodiment, the communication capacity of its own can be enhanced in the simultaneously operating of receiver on well.It is synchronous Detection provides at least the benefit using the signal detection of more narrow bandwidth relatively.Using with data encoder on well and decipher 810 complementary data decoder/deciphers 1008.Channel width and SNR estimator 1010 can be with tracking bandwidths and signal-to-noise ratio Inverse relation.For example, the level of signal consume correspondingly increases as distance increases.In order in the case where increasing distance Maintain given signal-to-noise ratio, it usually needs reduce bandwidth and/or increase signal power (if bigger power can be obtained).About Enhance the communication being segmented between transceiver via drilling pipe on underground and well, addition thereto can be taken to make an uproar further to reduce The influence of sound and distortion.Such as be discussed further below, these measures can include but is not limited to: (1) Noise scan, (2) are balanced, with And the application of (3) training sequence.

Noise scan

With reference to Figure 10 a, the electrical noise that drill string 16 carries can greatly reduce the useful range of transmission signal.In one embodiment In, it can be transmitted in noise-containing frequency to avoid drill string signal.Therefore, which Noise scan instrument 1012 can determine Frequency noise is minimum.It should be noted that Noise scan instrument 1012 is also shown in figure 10b in illusory form.Because on well Noise and downhole noise are very different, therefore can provide and use one or two in these Noise scan instrument.It can be with Determine which frequency contains noise and which frequency without containing noise using any one of many appropriate methods.Pass through Non-limiting example, for example, can on any desired bandwidth or with preset frequency use FFT(Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)), DFT (discrete Fourier transform) or PSD(power spectral density) determine noise spectrum.In this regard, belong to jointly in 2009 years The US public patent application No.2011-0001633(US Serial No. No.12/497,990 submitted July 6) full content It is incorporated herein by way of reference, which depict for determining the technology of noise spectrum.In this application, on well and well It, can more effectively swept noise in the case that transmitter in lower transceiver disconnects.It disconnects and is assumed to sample in transmitter Frequency (sample number per second) F_sTo EQ(6a) in indicate noise signal n(t) sample, thenFFT For

Equation EQ(7) it can provide at least in the bandwidth of [- 0.5Fs, 0.5Fs] as the big of the noise of frequency function It is small.The expected frequency being used for transmission can be with minimum value | R (f) |²Available frequency.

In another embodiment, Noise scan instrument 1012 may include filter group, for example, one group of bandpass filter or One group of goertzel filter, for determining, which frequency contains noise and which frequency without containing noise in a set of frequencies. The bandwidth for constituting each filter of filter group can be customized in any suitable manner.From k-th of filtering of filter group The noise power that device measures is

Since each filter in filter group may be at interested frequency, P is generated_nMinimum value Filter may select for the smallest frequency of noise.It should be understood that the filter of any suitable type can be used, as long as The filter provides the ability for determining the power at specific frequency or in frequency band.By way of non-limiting example, suitable filter Embodiment include FIR(finite impulse response (FIR)) and IIR(infinite impulse response) filter.

Distorted signals correction

In view of the above discussion, it has been suggested that: at least for actual angle, the letter constituted is segmented by the drilling pipe of removable attachment The behavior in road is as band limiting filter (for example, FIR(finite impulse response (FIR)) filter).Transmission signal causes on this channel Distortion, such as EQ(6a) and it is EQ(6b) shown.Applicants have appreciated that the distortion of the type expands baseband waveform.Such phenomenon Referred to as intersymbol interference (ISI), and have the effect of reducing signal to noise ratio (snr), this shortens transceiver on underground and well Between the useful range that communicates.Compensation response can be used to correct ISI, compensation response can be implemented by using balanced device. As will be seen, balanced device includes equalizer response, which can be customized based on one group of equalizer coefficients, is made Obtain the range that equalizer response is applicable to variable in channel transfer functions.In fact, balanced device is considered receiver Another FIR filter (also known as deconvolution filter) at place, by the estimated value based on channel response and between data measured The least mean-square error (MMSE) of difference determine coefficient.With reference to Figure 10 b, same-phase balanced device 1014 and quadrature phase balanced device 1016 selectively receive the symbol input from switching part 108, and switching part 108 is switched in response to DTTL1006. It is switched in 90 degree of increments typically for the present embodiment.Other embodiments can be used suitable but different switching and increase Amount.Assuming that unsuccessful demodulation restores base band data to the signal received, equation EQ(6a) be reduced to same-phase and Quadrature phase component:

Wherein b(k) it is that the channel based on FIR function is approximate.It should be understood that can be with symbol rate (referring to EQ(4c)) it is right EQ(9a it) and EQ(9b) is handled.Character " * " refers to process of convolution.

Desirably estimate or characterize the coefficient b(k for being used for bandwidth efficient channel).In embodiment, by acquiring r_I(k) or r_Q (k) N+1 sampling can determine coefficient b(k).It should be understood that any one can be used, because of channel coefficients b(k) It is identical in both cases.Accordingly it is not required to use r_I(k) and r_QBoth (k) channel response b(k is determined).Accordingly Ground,

In the form of vectors (that is, in N+1 sampling), equation EQ(10) it can be write as:

r_I(k)=H_I(k)b(k)+n_I(k)EQ (11a)

r_Q(k)=H_Q(k)b(k)+n_Q(k)EQ (11b)

Wherein r_I(i) and r_QIt (i) is (N+1) column vector, H_I(i) and H_QIt (i) is (N+1) × Metzler matrix and n_I(i) and n_Q It (i) is (N+1) column vector.In form in equation EQ(11a) and EQ(11b), the minimum discussed in appendix A can be used Square error (MMSE) standard solves channel coefficients b(k).It is expressed as once estimatingChannel coefficients b(k), can be under The equation in face determines data symbol cos (θ_k) (there is minimum ISI):

Note that d(k) it is always 1 for all k values, therefore it is omitted from aforesaid equation for clarity.It can be with Using the general type of equation EQ(12) to determine sin (θ_k) or cos (θ_k) (that is, data symbol in orthogonal channel) Minimum ISI.Equation EQ(6a) same-phase and quadrature phase component can individually handle as discussed above, or locate together Reason.Equation EQ(9a) and EQ(9b) can be write as plural form again so that EQ(6a) same-phase and quadrature phase component It can handle simultaneously.In plural form, equation EQ(9a) and can EQ(9b) be write as

r_c(k)=z (k) * b (k)+n (k) EQ (13a)

Wherein

N (k)=n_I(k)+n_Q(k)E_Q (13c)

WhereinIn vector form, equation EQ(13a) it can be write as:

r_C(k)=Z (k) b (k)+n (k) EQ (14)

Please note that Z(k) it is the matrix that size is (N+1) × M now.Use the equation EQ(A13 in appendix A) it can be true Determine channel coefficients b(k).Similarly, equation EQ(13b) shown in complex data symbols z(k) can determine it is as follows:

The equation EQ(A13 in appendix A can be used) determine complex data symbols z(k).

In general, the ISI as caused by FIR channel can be corrected by using balanced device.Figure 11 a and Figure 11 b are to illustrate Mode show the general embodiments for two balanced devices that can be used under Figure 10 b background.In the example of MPSK, it should be noted that , the identical embodiment of balanced device is generally used for same-phase and quadrature phase balanced device.The first balanced device 1200 in Figure 11 a It is linear channel equalizer, uses noise-containing current and preceding measurement result r_I(k) or r_Q(k) or r_c(k) to eliminate ISI。

Figure 11 b shows as second balanced device 1300 of non-habitual decision-feedback (DFE) balanced device, using preceding Estimated data position improves the elimination of ISI.DFE includes feedforward filter 1302, threshold dector 1304 and feedback filter 1308.Feedforward filter 1302 and feedback filter 1308 are used as linear component, and detector 1304 introduces the non-thread of filter Property element.In embodiment and by way of non-limiting example, threshold dector can be set if voltage is greater than or equal to zero For logic level 1, threshold dector can be set to logic level -1 if voltage is less than zero.Feedback filter 1308 it is defeated Enter the finally determining position of self-detector 1304.By increasing to the output of feedback filter 1308 from feedforward filtering The output of device 1302 can reduce ISI from estimation position.Balanced device 1300 exports the soft estimation 1310 of each data bit and every The hard limiter estimation 1312 of a data bit." soft " data bit refers to can be by any suitable voltage value or any suitable The position that amplitude indicates.For example, soft estimated data position can have the value of {+a ,-b }, wherein " a " indicates any voltage or amplitude, And b indicates any voltage or amplitude.That is, soft estimation position is not binary system, and can be characterized as restraining in balanced device 1300 When meet one in multiple and different values of least mean-square error condition.By the difference for obtaining output 1310 and transmission data sequence Average value can use formula express least mean-square error.On the other hand, " hard limiter " data bit is binary system, and refer to It is by one group of position (previously soft estimation position) that only two values indicate.For example, hard limiter estimation position can have only+1 or- 1 } or the value of {+A or-A }, wherein A is amplitude or voltage value.The soft estimation of the data bit exported from balanced device can be provided to soft Adjudicate forward error correction (FEC) decoder.The hard limiter estimation position exported from balanced device can be provided to hard decision fec decoder device Or data deciphering-encryption equipment.It, can be with known to the environment provided as communication channel and when it is expected the environment relative quiescent/stabilization In advance determine feedforward filter 1302 front feeding transfer function F(z) and feedback filter 1308 feedback transfer function D(z), make Non-habitual balanced device must can be used.

Another form of balanced device is adaptability equalizer, and the judgement or training sequence dependent on balanced device output come The coefficient of front feeding transfer function and feedback transfer function to balanced device is updated.Figure 12 a is generally by reference number The block diagram of the embodiment of the 1400 adaptability feed forward equalizers indicated.In the present embodiment, balanced device is adapted to based on hard-limiting Device output 1312 in select one or also shown in figure loa by training bit sequence 1404() communication channel transmitting letter Number.Training bit sequence can be obtained via the switch 1408 schematically shown.Feedforward filter 1410 connects from communication channel Receive input 1412.It should be understood that feedforward filter 1410 is different from the feedforward filter 1302 of Figure 11 b, this be at least because of The coefficient of filter 1410 is adaptable to the communication channel transmission function changed.The coefficient of filter 1410 is adjustable with will be defeated Enter the driving of error signal 1414 to least mean-square error (MSE) value.It diagrammatically indicates to be fed forward filter by oblique line 1410 pass through feedforward filter using the error signal to adjust its coefficient, the oblique line.It is defeated by the hard limiter from balanced device Bit sequence or training bit sequence (setting depending on switch 1408) subtract soft estimation 1310 and form error signal 1414 out.Work as tune When saving the coefficient of filter 1410, the MSE of the error signal 1414 as the function of time will tend to restrain or tend to dissipate To show negative slope or positive slope respectively.When the MSE of error signal 1414 shows positive slope, the adaptability of filter or can To restart or can be used training sequence using lesser adjusting step-length.It is born tiltedly when the MSE of error signal 1414 shows When rate (that is, the MSE of error be intended to smaller and smaller), the adaptability convergence of the coefficient of feedforward filter 1410.When as the time When the MSE of the error signal 1414 of function is horizontal (that is, slope is zero), then filter feedforward using least mean-square error value Device 1410 restrains and is suitable for communication channel transmission function.When using training sequence and in the adaptable process using training sequence Period, when the adaptability of balanced device occurs, transmitter must over the communication channels emit identical training sequence to reception Device.

Adaptively adjust F(z using training bit sequence (rather than estimate bit sequence)) coefficient balanced device can be provided Better accuracy and better performance, even in the case where low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).However, it should be borne in mind that being System end must be dedicated using training interval when training bit sequence between holding.That is, in order to be trained process on well and It needs to cooperate between downhole transceiver, this is because training sequence is transmitted on well transceiver or on the contrary by downhole transceiver ?.It should be understood that training sequence can be transmitted to underground by transmitter on well if downhole transceiver includes balanced device Transceiver.On the other hand, if the hard limiter output 1312 of balanced device is for adjusting feed forward equalizer 1410 to tune F(z) Coefficient, then the dedicated training time is unwanted.

Figure 12 b is the embodiment of adaptability decision-feedback (DFE) balanced device indicated on the whole by reference number 1500 Block diagram, the balanced device have used training sequence 1404 and have used switch 1408 hard to feed back as balanced device 1400 It can be switched between limiter output 1312 and training sequence 1404.Balanced device 1500 be include feedback filter 1504 DFE balanced device.It should be understood that feedback filter 1504 is different from the feedback filter 1308 of Figure 11 b, this is at least because It is used to form error signal 1508, error signal to the hard limiter output bit 1312 of weighing apparatus or the training bit sequence property of can choose 1508 are subsequently used for adaptively tuning feedback filter D(z) 1504 coefficient.Using error signal 1508 according to communication channel The variation of response adaptively tunes feedforward filter F(z) 1410 and feedback filter D(z) 1504.Depending on switch 1408 It is arranged by subtracting soft estimation output 1310 from the hard limiter of balanced device output 1312 or from training sequence 1404, it can be with public affairs Formula expresses error signal 1508.Then error signal 1508 is fed to filter D (z) and F(z), by passing through F(z) 1410 and D (z) 1504 oblique line or vertical line are schematically shown, wherein F(z) and D(z) coefficient of filter is retuned will miss Difference signal 1508 drives to minimum value.The minimum value is properly termed as least mean-square error (MMSE).When MMSE increases, filter Coefficient be considered dissipating.In such a case it is possible to using lesser update step-length or by using for adaptive training Sequence resets and restarts the process.When MMSE reduces, the coefficient of filter is considered restraining.When with the time or When curve straight (that is, slope is at least essentially a zero) of the variation MMSE of sample index (sample index), then filter F (z) and D(z) coefficient be considered restraining, and mean square error signal 1508 considered to be in minimum.When switch 1408 selects to instruct Practice sequence when, by by input error signal 1508(by pass through F(z) 1410 and D(z) and 1504 oblique line or vertical line with the side of diagram Formula indicates) driving to minimum value adaptively tunes F(z according to the communication channel transmission function of change) and coefficient D(z).? When balanced device on well in transceiver is trained using training sequence, downhole transceiver is also by channel by identical trained sequence Biographies transport to transceiver on well.In another embodiment, downhole transceiver may include passive balanced device (subject Equalizer), so that training sequence is transmitted to downhole transceiver by transceiver on well.In such embodiments, it is received and dispatched on well Device may include element part represented by Figure 10 a, and downhole transceiver may include element part represented by Figure 10 b. That is, any kind of balanced device described herein can be set on well and in downhole transceiver.Again, MPSK's In example, it should be noted that the identical embodiment of balanced device is generally used for same-phase and quadrature phase balanced device.

In one embodiment, if ISI is mainly caused by drilling pipe, noise considerations is not being introduced and are not needing to obtain It, can be with by predefining channel transfer functions in the case where data (being influenced in drilling environment by ambient noise) measured Exploitation is used for the channel model (that is, transmission function) of drilling pipe in advance.In this case, channel transfer functions are the electrical characteristics of drilling pipe With the function of the quantity of pipe in drill string.Therefore, channel transfer functions can be developed in advance, such as equation EQ(1), EQ(2) and EQ (3) shown in.

Receiver training

In one embodiment, the communication system of the disclosure can be using receiver on the well at least for training Figure 10 b The training sequence 1404 of balanced device in 702.It should be noted that training sequence is also shown in the balanced device of Figure 12 a and Figure 12 b In.In order to enhance communication, multiple receiver parameters can be determined by the process.Channel width determines frequency range or effectively arrives The bandwidth of transceiver on up to well.Then the possible frequencies that identifying system can operate are as parameter, so that falling into the channel width Interior lowest noise frequency can be used for communicating.Other parameters include transimission power consume and noise power, can determine underground Transmitter is at least used to be emitted to the minimum power of receiver on well.It should be understood that by still keeping enough reliable communications While operated with minimum power, significantly increasing for battery life in downhole transceiver may be implemented.Desirably selection has The training sequence of the length L of following auto-covariance:

Wherein t(i) refer to training sequence, and T_bIt is bit duration.In order to make training, effectively receiver includes position Training sequence 1404(Figure 10 b of form) copy.After training sequence is transmitted to receiver, receiver is then in channel The copy of training sequence can be used in the calculating of transmission function and receiver signal to noise ratio (snr), with the training sequence that receives Column are compared.That is, storage training sequence and from balanced device export the training sequence received between difference.Once accidentally Poor (difference between training sequence and estimated sequence) reaches LMS least mean square, and training sequence can be also used for training adaptation equilibrium Device.Figure 12 a and Figure 12 b show how adaptability equalizer uses training sequence.Once adaptability equalizer reaches most preferably, most Small error solution, so that it may estimate channel width as follows:

WhereinIt is the discrete Fourier transform of the transmission function of balanced device.Assuming that data component and noise component(s) are orthogonal And show zero mean, then it can determine the reception power for data component.Assuming that balanced device has reached optimum solution, output It can be approximated to be:

It should be noted thatThe training sequence z(k defined in equation EQ(13b)) estimation, and when equal When weighing apparatus reaches optimum solution, estimation and training sequence are at least roughly equal.Therefore, the power of signal component can determine as follows:

WhereinThe training sequence being stored at receiver.Reception power for noise component(s) can determine It is as follows:

Note that d(k) be always 1 for all k values, therefore for clarity in EQ(20) in omit it.In side Formula EQ(20) in, second and item be training sequence auto-correlation, therefore it can be determined in advance.In addition, passing through data component Be orthogonal and with zero mean it is assumed that EQ(20 can be obtained with noise component(s)) in result.According to respectively in EQ(19) And EQ(20) in the reception power for data component and noise component(s) that limits, the signal-to-noise ratio at receiver is determined, such as Under:

By training receiver balance device, determine channel width and received signal to noise ratio, the transmission frequency and transmitting of transmitter Power water averagely can be set to provide reliable and power efficient communication between transmitter and receiver.

System operatio

Attention now points to Figure 13 a, and Figure 13 a shows the implementation of the method generally indicated by reference number 1700 Example is at least applicable to start and reinitialize system in response to error condition.This method starts from being powered at 1702. Upon power-up and on well and in the case that downhole transmitter disconnects, 1704, downhole transceiver uses side discussed above One of method (for example, method described in the above-mentioned US public patent application No.2011-0001633 being incorporated to) scanning Noise.It should be noted that in another embodiment, Noise scan instrument can be on well in transceiver.Noise scan it Afterwards, 1706, the transceiver comprising Noise scan instrument appropriate, which can choose, is determined as the transmission frequency containing minimal noise.? 1708, selected frequency is subsequently used for sending commands to downhole transceiver, wherein having enough power to make its arrival.As above It is described, applicants have appreciated that, it can get substantially quantity-unlimiting power at the drilling rig, so that only by using enough transimission powers It almost always can establish the communication from drilling machine to subsurface equipment.In one embodiment, transceiver at least initially can be on well Carry out firing order using emission maximum device power.Some embodiments may include the maximum power within the scope of 2 watts at least 10 watts. Some embodiments based on the configuration of signal coupling apparatus and electronic device on drilling machine may include for example up to 100 watts even Higher maximum power.1708, which is used to for training sequence to be transferred back into the well at drilling machine The frequency that transceiver should use.1710, its emission maximum device power can be used for example to transmit trained sequence in downhole transceiver Column.Transceiver trains its receiver balance device in response to the training sequence on 1712, well, determines received signal to noise ratio, and Determine the bandwidth of channel, as described above.1714, if equalizer training fails, operation is back to 1706 to select newly Transmission frequency, the then repeatedly subsequent step of this method.By way of non-limiting example, the failure to train judgement at 1712 can be with Based on Packet Error Ratio, signal-to-noise ratio or its any suitable combination.By way of non-limiting example, with the signal that is transmitted on drill string Under the relevant any background described herein of quality, the appropriate threshold for establishing improper performance can be SNR 5dB, and ten) 0.2(2 percent can be for Packet Error Ratio/bit error rate.In one embodiment, operation can be back to 1704 are scanned with repetitive noise, this is because ambient noise conditions may change from after last time Noise scan. In another embodiment, option has can be set in operator, in response to failure to train manual setting transmission frequency etc. Parameter and/or during operation any time manual override (override) automatic frequency selection.In response to successfully training or Manual override, possible transmission frequency at least has been established in transceiver on 1716, well, which type of symbol is downhole transceiver should use Data transfer rate and reliable communication should be realized using the setting of which type of transmitter power, while saving the power of battery.These are total It ties as follows:

● selection is located at channel width (by EQ(16) and describes) the interior and transmission frequency containing minimal noise.

● selection uses the symbol rate for being less than channel width.

● select emitter power makes SNR > 1.

1716, operating parameter is transmitted to downhole transceiver.Parameter selection can be one group it is completely automatically selected Parameter either automatically and manually selectes any combination of parameter.As the example of the latter, frequency can be manually selected, and Automatically select all other parameter.It further, can be to automatically selected parameter in view of the value of parameter selected manually Value is adjusted.Normal operating can be carried out 1720.For example, once downhole transceiver is configured with these parameters, underground transmitting-receiving Device can then start sensing data (Figure 10 a) being transmitted to drilling machine upwards.It should be understood that during operation at a predetermined interval (for example, with predetermined length of drill string and/or with predetermined time interval) automatically repetitive routine 1700.In one embodiment, Training can be executed in 100 feet of (however any suitable distance can be used) extended spots of drill string, and training can be Dynamic based on communication channel and carry out.Further, operator can be equipped with and manually select to start this at any time Method.It in one embodiment, can be by transceiver detection communication consume or certain journeys on well during continuing operation 1722 The decaying of degree.By way of non-limiting example, Packet Error Ratio can be monitored to detect signal decaying.Such as by monitoring pack arrangement Sync bit can establish the bit error rate (BER) immediately.In some embodiments, the signal decaying more than one aspect can be monitored, For example, BER and SNR.Any suitable technology be currently available or untapped can be used to the quality of monitoring signals.It answers Understand, when being modulated with data appropriate to positioning signal 66, it is fixed that such error rate monitoring is readily applicable to Position signal 66.In response to the detection, operation is back to Noise scan 1704.Otherwise, restart normal operating 1720.

Battery life and communication optimization

As proved by above description, applicants have appreciated that, downhole transceiver can use enough on drill string 16 Transimission power is with sufficiently reliable horizontal maintenance communication.As indicated in through Figure 13 a, if subsurface transceiver is due to distance And/or surface condition and by enough loss of data, then on well transceiver instruction downhole transceiver adopt either individually or in combination Any amount of action is taken to realize the purpose for improving communication.Obtainable action includes that (1) increases transimission power, and (2) select not Same transmission frequency, and (3) change the baud rate for the data being transmitted on drill string upwards, therefore exchange baud rate to increase noise Than.It can be individually or in any suitable combination with significantly flexibility using these action.For example, the step of Figure 13 a Rapid 1706 initially can choose the transmission frequency of available lowest noise.Based on training sequence, step 1712 can be determined and accidentally be wrapped Rate.If Packet Error Ratio is too high, baud rate be can specify to lower value, and the failure to train at 1714 can be such that program returns To 1706, new iteration is carried out with lower baud rate.

A kind of method when using underground battery about the increase operating time is to increase the size of battery.With reference to Fig. 1 and In one embodiment, such as N carrying battery component can be segmented by pipe to provide the available power of enough levels.However, closing Addition thereto can also be taken in saving the power of battery.

With reference to Fig. 1, transceiver 64 can transmit dipole signal 66 by ground, for example to carry out ground positioning and depth Detection.Certainly, the transmission of dipole signal will expend the power of battery in downhole transceiver.As an example, idol ought energetically be driven When the antenna of pole, the battery consumption of about 0.35 watt of typical dipole coil transmitter increase.When not driving antenna or not by signal coupling When being bonded on drill string, the power consumption of transceiver 64 can fall to approximately 0.15 watt, while still allow for power for sensor With processing activity.Downhole transceiver 704(Figure 10 a) power consumption be used to drive drill string, example by increasing about moderate 0.1 watt Such as, it is coupled a signal on drill string using current transformer or electric isolution gap.

With reference to Figure 13 b, is shown by the process that reference number 1730 indicates and dynamically and automatically control positioning signal Transmission method embodiment.1732, walking locator in ground automatically monitors whether walking locator in ground is in sharp Living or disabled status.The locator being active energetically carries out receiving and uses positioning signal.However, in disabled status Under, locator can be such that the component of the detection and the processing that are related to positioning signal and/or processing stops.It can be in any suitable manner It is monitored.For example, accelerometer 520(Fig. 6) it can easily detect any movement of locator.If being based on accelerometer Reading determine locator a period of time (for example, two minutes) in do not move, then can call or reaffirm disabled status.As Ultrasonic sensor can be used for example to detect the close degree of locator and ground in another example.If locator is quiet Only rest upon in continuing relatively short period (for example, two minutes) on surface (such as the earth's surface), then can call or Reaffirm disabled status.Once detecting that state changes, operation is carried out to 1734, at this time can be by state instruction via telemetered signal 92(Fig. 1) it is transmitted to drilling machine, telemetered signal 92 indicates new activation/disabled status.In response to new state instruction, 1736, Current state can be presented on one or more displays in system, as will be described further.

With reference to Figure 13 c and Figure 13 b is combined, the former shows the embodiment of screenshot capture, and the screenshot capture is in response to step 1736 can be presented on display 1740 and can indicate the screen 44 at drilling machine, the screen 86 on device 80 and/or be Any suitable display in system 10.Display can show that the current of positioning signal automatically selected activates or disables state 1742, and activation/disabling positioning signal override selection 1744 can be further provided for select between activation and disabled status Switch to selecting property positioning signal 66.This manually selects any automatically selected current state that can be used for override positioning signal. 1746, monitoring override is selected.If selecting override, the current state of positioning signal does not change, and operates return To 1732.If non-selected override, operation is carried out to 1748, states new activation/disabled status.Operation is then return to 1732.Order can be transmitted to downwards underground from drill string by activation/disabled status on display 44 in response to changing drilling machine Transceiver 56(Fig. 6) downhole transceiver is responded appropriately to.If operator recognizes that mancarried device will lose With the telemetry communication of drilling machine, then operator can guarantee to set state of activation for positioning signal before telemetering loses.At it In the case of it, operator be can choose to use override to select 1742.For example, operator may want to locator being placed in ground On static position and on locator display observe boring bar tool process.If positioning signal becomes disabling, Override selection 1744 can be used in operator, so that downhole transceiver restarts to transmit positioning signal.When drilling rod increases to brill Override selection 1744 is also useful when column, because this can include considerable time section.Many operator's selections are increasing Position and the depth of boring bar tool are confirmed before drilling rod.After completing the confirmation or at drilling machine or portable navigation system Operator can indicate positioning signal enter disabling to save down-hole battery power.

Correspondingly, dipole signal 66(is needed for example, obtaining depth measurement except non-positive), transceiver 702 can order on well Downhole transceiver 704 is enabled to disconnect dipole antenna transmitter to save the power of battery.Applicants have appreciated that according to disclosed herein Introduction, when not transmitting dipole signal and the data as electric signal not being transmitted on drill string, may be implemented at least 20% function Rate saving.In this regard, the relationship between battery life and power save is usually nonlinear, so that power save can To be converted into the significant greater percentage of increase of battery life.In addition, downhole transceiver or distant station (if use) can be with Identification reaches the characteristic of the dipole signal of locator 80, therefore is held in position the depth accuracy of device.Therefore, based on neighbouring brill Well environment (for example, extreme depths or high-caliber noise/interference), can change the power saving features of dipole signal immediately. When (for example, during river crossing) not can be carried out ground walking positioning, transceiver can even indicate that underground is received and dispatched on well Thus device disconnects dipole antenna forces downhole transceiver at least to stop positioning signal until further notifying to save the power of battery 66(Fig. 6) transmission to start the disabling mode of positioning signal.

In order to solve the problems, such as power save aspect, downhole transceiver be configurable in response in some period not Mobile detection and enter suspend mode.The period can be based on default time period (for example, 10 minutes) and/or can be It is programmable.During suspend mode, downhole transceiver, which can be monitored, to be orientated towards angle and detects in response to rotation and wake up.? In one embodiment, receiver 802(Figure 10 a is used), downhole transceiver can periodically listen for drill string and be come on artesian well with checking Any order of transceiver, and waken up in response to detecting order.After waking up, downhole transceiver can restart Same state of the positioning signal when it enters suspend mode.The latter encounters mechanical difficulties in such as drilling machine and cannot in some period It is also useful in the case where operation.In drill rod breaking and in the case that downhole transceiver enters suspend mode, by push drill string with Reduce the gap across fracture and restarts to communicate the communication that can be maintained via drill string.It is then possible to positioning signal is activated, Allow to regain boring bar tool from ground.In general, drilling machine will have sufficient transimission power to reach downhole transceiver. It should be understood that mancarried device 80 may be configured to enter suspend mode.Stop mancarried device in response to operator And/or mancarried device is made to enter suspend mode, disabled status order can be sent to drilling machine by mancarried device, so that positioning Signal can stop.

Above with reference to the discussion of Fig. 1 and additional reference Fig. 6, do not need to be modulated positioning signal 66.It is not modulating In the case where transmit positioning signal 66 embodiment in, at least from the actual angle as pure tone, applicants have appreciated that, it is right In the transimission power for the given level for being applied to positioning signal, the depth bounds of enhancing can be provided and/or range of going home.Enhancing Ability can be attributed to following factor, including avoid for carrier power being dispersed to modulation secondary lobe, and in order in locator 80 Place receives pure tone and applies the ability of very narrow bandwidth filtering.Bandwidth for such narrow band filter can be for example 0.5Hz to 1Hz.It should be noted that the floor effects response time of the range.As set forth in different ways, depthkeeping is being given Unmodulated carrier is transmitted under degree range and/or given range of going home, can reduce the transimission power for being applied to positioning signal 66, until Less for saving the power of battery.Certainly, the system of Fig. 1 is provided for modulating while electromagnetic locating signal and underground signal.It is logical The data for generating such as downhole sensor are crossed from the Modulation Transfer on electromagnetic locating signal to underground signal (along drill string to uplink Into) on modulation, the electromagnetic locating signal can closer to or close to the depth that is provided by pure tone (unmodulated positioning signal) or Range of receiving.

In one embodiment, portable/ground walking locator 80 will be by that will select information to pass via telemetered signal 92 The automatically and/or manually selection of electrode couple transimission power and/or frequency can be provided by sending to drilling machine.At the drilling rig, it is received and dispatched on well Select command can be sent to downhole transceiver by device 600, correspondingly to transmit positioning signal 66.Due to accurate depth determine according to Rely in transmission frequency and dipole intensity, therefore depth can be determined by any suitable component of system, wherein suitably Component includes but is not limited to transceiver on portable navigation system and well.It in one embodiment, can be automatically and/or manually Indicate that portable navigation system 80 monitors the characteristic of the dipole signal 66 received, for example, signal strength.If signal-to-noise ratio is lower than spy Determine threshold value, then then portable navigation system can notify operator and/or automatically send instruction, as described above, it is therefore an objective to change Kind signal-to-noise ratio.In the case where lacking the background understood required for operator a part for portable navigation system, this can be executed The automatic monitoring of the dipole signal of sample and dipole signal reconfigure.For example, in response to detecting that signal-to-noise ratio declines, it is portable The scanning that locator can inherently start other usable frequencies of electrode couple signal (determines work as relevant to other usable frequencies Preceding signal-to-noise ratio), and later, select the frequency with highest signal to noise ratio.In one embodiment, when positioning signal is modulated, Can based on cannot to from positioning signal towards angle orientation information, inclination angle orientation information and/or other status informations into Row decodes and detects the substantially decaying of positioning signal.This decaying of positioning signal possibly is present at such as high-interference environment In.

Figure 14 is to show the flow chart of the embodiment of the method generally indicated by reference number 1800, it is suitable for The operation of transceiver 702 on the well for Figure 10 a that the downhole transceiver 704 of Figure 10 a cooperates.This method more particularly to starting and it is right The response of the communication consume occurred during normal operating.This method may begin at energization 1802 or detect communication consume. Transceiver uses one of above method swept noise on 1804, well.In general, the step is on well and downhole transmitter is disconnected It is carried out in the case where opening.Transceiver sends commands to downhole transceiver on 1806, well, which specifies downhole transceiver to make Transmission frequency and request downhole transceiver transmit the training sequence shown in 1404 in Figure 10 b.1808, downhole transmitter The request is confirmed by the way that training sequence 1404(Figure 10 a) is transmitted on well transceiver.In 1820, MPSK carrier tracking loop and Demodulator 1004(Figure 10 b) it tries to lock to the carrier frequency and phase of the signal from downhole transceiver.Step 1822 is sentenced Certainly whether carrier tracking loop successfully locks.If it fails, operation is then back to step 1806.If carrier tracking loop is by success Locking, operation are then carried out to 1824.The later step determines that the conversion tracking of the data on well in transceiver ring (DTTL) 1006 is It is no to have locked on data symbol.If it is not, operation is back to step 1806.If DTTL is successfully locked, operate into It goes to 1828.1828, determine whether receiver is successfully trained in response to training sequence on well.If trained successfully, behaviour Make then to carry out to 1830, at least determines the channel width and signal-to-noise ratio on well at transceiver 1830.1832, such as based on instruction Practice result and the characteristic of channel used by downhole transceiver and (power section can be combined including symbol rate and optimal transmission power About ensure reliable communication) parameter, transceiver determines most viable transmission frequency on well.It should be noted that compared to previous The transmission frequency determined by step 1804, this time point of selected transmission frequency during operation can change. 1836, determining parameter is transferred into downhole transceiver.1838, downhole transceiver reconfigures hair based on determining parameter Emitter operation, and by by sensor data transmission to well transceiver and start normal operating.

Figure 15 is to show the flow chart of the embodiment of the method generally indicated by reference number 1900, is indicated just The communication protocol between formula locator 80 and downhole transceiver 702 is taken for transmitting positioning signal 66 from downhole transceiver Reception of the portable navigation system to positioning signal 66 is maintained when (Fig. 1 and 6).1910, positioning letter is detected by portable navigation system Numbers 66 consume or signal are significantly decayed.In one embodiment, the decaying of positioning signal can by the bit error rate (BER) into Row determines, tracks the bit error rate by locator when receiving positioning signal.It can be in response to violating the bit error rate table of maximum BER threshold value Clear signal consume.In another embodiment, signal decaying can be the determination of the signal to noise ratio (snr) based on positioning signal, should Positioning signal has the signal consume shown by the signal-to-noise ratio in response to violating minimum SNR.It in some embodiments, can be with Several aspects of monitoring signals decaying, for example, BER and SNR.By way of non-limiting example, any technology herein Background under, the threshold value for establishing improper signal quality can be 5dB for SNR, and can be 0.2(hundred for BER / bis- ten).Certainly, these values have been violated in signal consume (wherein signal cannot be detected again).Any suitable technology can To adopt the quality for being configured for monitoring positioning signal.1912, it is obtainable to identify that portable navigation system carries out Noise scan Show the transmission frequency of lowest noise level, for example, the institute in the above-mentioned US published No.2011-0001633 being incorporated to Description.For example, in one embodiment, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) can be applied to determine to go out at interested frequency Existing noise.It should be understood that any suitable technology, including such as goertzel filter can be used, or as another One exemplary wavelet transformation.1914, portable navigation system is via telemetered signal 92(Fig. 1) transmission signal consume order, it is distant The new parameter that the identification of signal 92 is used for positioning signal 66 is surveyed, new parameter can include but is not limited to transimission power, carrier frequency, wave Special rate and modulating mode.For example, initially can choose lowest noise available carrier wave frequency and baud rate appropriate.If be directed to The selected baud rate bit error rate is too high, then can reduce baud rate and redefine the bit error rate.Become too low in baud rate In the case of, it can choose different modulating mode.The selection of new modulating mode can be carried out in any suitable manner.Pass through non-limit Property example processed, another modulating mode that can choose be orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), is spaced closely together wherein can be used Orthogonal sub-carriers carry the data on multiple parallel data streams or channel in a manner known in the art.Therefore, by multiple Disperse data on channel, many non-interfering frequencies can be used, higher anti-interference is realized with relatively low symbol rate Degree.It should be noted that it is unmodulated or essentially pure that modulating mode can specify carrier wave for depth capacity and range of going home Sound.Transceiver receives signal consume order via telemetered signal and the order is transferred to downhole transceiver on 1916, well. 1920, downhole transceiver receives signal consume and orders and correspondingly reconfigure dipole configured transmission.

Referring again to Fig. 1, it should be understood that system 10 includes the communication system along with numerous benefits.The communication system by On the well at drilling machine transceiver, positioned at underground close to the downhole transceiver of subsurface tool and formed ground walking positioning The telemetry transceiver of a part of device is constituted, to form the first two-way communication chain between transceiver and downhole transceiver on well Road 2000, the first bidirectional communication link 2000 use drill string as electric conductor to provide on well between transceiver and downhole transceiver Communication.Second bidirectional communication link 2002 is formed on well between transceiver and the telemetry transceiver of ground walking locator, It uses wireless electromagnetic to communicate.Further, it is at least formd from the downhole transceiver of subsurface tool to ground walking locator Unidirectional communications link 2004.These communication links provide plurality of communication schemes, including use the first bidirectional communication link 2000 From downhole transceiver via the first communication pattern of transceiver on the well from drill string to drilling machine.From downhole transceiver via unidirectional logical Telemetry transceiver and the second bidirectional communication link 2002 to transceiver on well at letter link 2004, ground walking locator provide Second communication pattern.It can be by 2010 pairs of communication moulds of communication controler/manager of a part of transceiver 702 on formation well Formula is managed, and a part for the processing unit 46 that communication controler/manager 2010 can be formed at drilling machine makes system can Dynamically and automatically to be responded to any failure occurred in system.

With reference to Figure 16 and Fig. 1 is combined, the former shows for operating communication controler 2010 by way of non-limiting example The embodiment of method is generally indicated by reference number 2300.Between 2304 system startups, controller can be configured to select The first communication pattern is selected as default mode.Enter normal operating 2308.Then, the state for monitoring communication patterns 1 2312, And the state of communication pattern 1 is determined in any suitable manner.For example, losing and/or in response to the complete of signal in Yan Jing It is not able to satisfy given signal-to-noise ratio and/or it is more than given error code to sending signal either between upper transceiver and downhole transceiver In the case where rate, it is possible to specify status of fail.As long as there is no problem for communication pattern 1, normal operating can be carried out 2308.If It is problematic based on the determination communication pattern 1 2312, then 2316 enter communication patterns 2 with from downhole transceiver via locator 80 are communicated to transceiver on well.Then restart normal operating 2322.As a part of normal operating, step The failure situation of 2326 monitoring communication patterns 2.If not detecting abnormal conditions about communication pattern 2, carried out 2330 Test is to determine whether communication pattern 1 can be used again.If communication pattern 1 is unavailable, restart normal operating 2322. On the other hand, if communication pattern 1 can be used, communication pattern 1 is switched in 2334 controllers.It returns again to step 2326, such as Fruit communication pattern 2 fails, then still switches to communication pattern 1 in 2334 systems.If it is failed to switch to communication pattern 1, Error situation is determined 2338, then in 2342 conversions to manual mode.If grasped in the 2338 no error situations of detection Work can be carried out to 2346, and the chance for switching to and manually controlling (2346, if necessary) can be provided for operator.If Operator does not select to manually control, then operation is back to 2308.It should be understood that method 2300 can during system operatio In running background.It does so, this method can be executed with the rapid rate of multiple iteration per second.

Applicant thinks that system and method described herein provide unseen benefit before this.For example, disclosed Advanced Communications System is double by will reliably be transmitted directly to conveniently realize on existing drill string as the data of electric signal To communication, do not made an amendment except the Advanced Communication Technology under the background for being never deemed applicable to this system except through using, And the time-consuming limitation applied without the prior art (for example, pipe middle line is arranged).Applicants have recognized that logical in disclosed drill string The benefit of asymmetric power transmitting level is used in letter system.That is, with high power levels from well transceiver to downhole transceiver Transmission provide it is reliable establish to the ability of the communication of downhole transceiver, and it is (including reliable to can use one group of Optimal Parameters It is low/minimize power level) execute on from downhole transceiver to well transceiver transmission, to meet reliable communication and battery function The competitive focus that rate is saved.The system of the disclosure can provide other benefit, by selectively transmitting pure tone positioning Signal is allowed with realizing the purpose gone home and/or positioned from downhole transceiver to removably upper locator along drill string Upwards, the transmission while data being directly modulated on the drill string as electric conductor.Applicant does not know to be matched in this mode Any existing system set.It is believed that disclosed system and correlation technique are had never seen, at least because of following reason: by drill string On direct electric signal transmission normal or the reliable communication in spreading range ability be provided introduce challenge, these are challenged not only It is to be difficult to solve, and those of ordinary skill in the art will think that the series of challenges after combination is actually unconquerable immediately 's.

Preferably include all elements, part and step described herein.It should be understood that these elements, part and Any one of step can be replaced by other elements, part and step or be deleted completely, as those skilled in the art will show And it is clear to.

Appendix A

The derivation of Linear Estimation with least mean-square error.

Two any variable vectors { x, y } of given size L × 1 and zero mean, the linear and unbiased esti-mator about x is such as Lower form

Wherein W is some constant matrices that size is L × L.It note that boldface letter is used for vector variable, and boldface letter In capitalization be used for matrix variables.To EQ(A1) in estimate be limited in it and must have least mean-square error (MMSE).Therefore the estimation must satisfy following limitation.

BecauseWith zero mean, EQ(A2) MMSE be single MMSE and.I is allowed to indicate to adopt for i-th in vector Sample, then single MMSE be

Pay attention to w_iIt is the i-th row of matrix W.Expansion quadratic term obtains:

By to w_iPartial differential is sought to make EQ(4A) in function minimization, and set it as be equal to zero:

Wherein, R_{Xy, i}=E { x (i) y^*, R_y=E { yy^*, therefore, for w_o,iSatisfaction with MMSE x linear, nothing The optimal selection estimated partially is

w_o,iR_y=R_{Xy, i} EQ (A6)

Collect all { w_{O, i}, full estimation is

W_oR_y=R_xyEQ (A7)

Work as R_yWhen being nonnegative definite matrix and positive definite matrix, then EQ(A7) there will be unique solution, as follows:

Therefore, equation EQ(A1) it can be write as again now

The estimation discussed in equation EQ11a, EQ11b and EQ12 above can be solved now, because it is as follows Form:

Y=Bx+nEQ (A10)

Using equation EQ(A10) to matrix R_yAnd R_xyIt recalculates:

R_xy=E { xy^*}=E { (x) (Bx+n)^*}=R_xB^*EQ (A12)

Wherein R_x=E { xx^*, and because R_n> 0(, that is, n is zero mean random noise vector, wherein covariance matrix For R_n=E { nn^*> 0), this generates R_y> 0.Therefore, R_yIt is reversible.

Now can be from EQ(A8), EQ(A10) and EQ(A11) determine that there is least mean-square errorLinear Estimation be

For the purpose of illustrations and instructions, the description of the upper surface of present invention is had been provided for.It is not intended to exclusiveness or incite somebody to action this Invention is limited to disclosed concrete form, and according to the above instruction, other embodiments, modifications and variations be also it is possible, Wherein art technology will recognize certain modifications, change, increase and its sub-portfolio.

Design

Herein, following design is at least disclosed.

Design 1: a kind of drill column communication system, it uses extended to from drilling machine the drill string of subsurface tool as electric conductor with Communication between drilling machine and subsurface tool is provided, the system comprises:

Transceiver on well is located at drilling machine and including transmitter on well, and transmitter will with transimission power on well on well Signal is coupled on drill string to be transmitted to subsurface tool on well；And

Downhole transceiver is located at underground close to subsurface tool and including downhole transmitter, and downhole transmitter is with underground Transimission power couples underground signal on drill string so that on the drill string that is transmitted at drilling machine, downhole transmitted power is in power downhole In transmission range may be selected, and on the well transimission power always greater than any choosing in the power downhole transmission range Fixed downhole transmitted power.

Design 2: conceive 1 system, wherein the downhole transceiver includes battery, to provide the downhole transmitted power, And the battery is at least applied with the upper limit on selected downhole transmitted power.

Design 3: conceive 2 system, wherein maximum downhole transmitted power is no more than 5 watts.

Design 4: conceive 1 system, wherein transceiver is configured at least open with transmitter power on maximum well on the well The communication begun with downhole transceiver.

Design 5: the system of any one of design 1 to 4, wherein transmitter power forms transmitter function on well on maximum well The upper limit of the power of rate range.

Design 6: a method of for operating drill column communication system, drill column communication system has used from drilling machine and has extended to ground The drill string of lower tool provides the communication between drilling machine and subsurface tool as electric conductor, which comprises

Transceiver on the well at drilling machine is configured, transceiver includes transmitter on well on well, and transmitter on well on well to transmit Power couples signal on well on drill string to be transmitted to subsurface tool；

Downhole transceiver is arranged in underground close to subsurface tool, downhole transceiver includes downhole transmitter；And

It is coupled underground signal on drill string to be transmitted to the brill from drilling machine from downhole transmitter with downhole transmitted power On column, downhole transmitted power may be selected in power downhole transmission range, and transimission power is selected always greater than any on well Downhole transmitted power.

Design 7: a method of for operating drill column communication system, the drill column communication system has been used to be extended from drilling machine Drill string to subsurface tool provides the communication between the drilling machine and the subsurface tool, the method packet as electric conductor It includes:

In response to utilizing the received consumption for the underground signal being transmitted to when previous group configured transmission from subsurface tool on drill string Damage, restarts the communication from drilling machine to subsurface tool using transceiver on well with transimission power on the maximum well of transceiver on well To couple subsurface tool for the signal restarted on well；And

Based on the response from subsurface tool to the signal restarted on well, into program to be directed to underground signal and well At least one of upper signal establishes one group of new configured transmission, to establish the communication between drilling machine and subsurface tool behind.

Design 8: conceiving 7 method includes, as a part of the signal restarted, indicate downhole transceiver with Maximum downhole transmitted power makes a response.

Design 9: the method for conceiving 7 includes configuring downhole transceiver with maximum downhole transmitted power to the signal restarted It makes a response.

Design 10: a kind of drill column communication system, it uses the drill string of subsurface tool is extended to from drilling machine as electric conductor To provide the communication between drilling machine and subsurface tool, the system comprises:

Transceiver on well is located at drilling machine and including transmitter on well, and transmitter will with transimission power on well on well Signal is coupled on drill string to be transmitted to subsurface tool on well；

Downhole transceiver is located at underground close to subsurface tool and including downhole transmitter, and downhole transmitter is with underground Transimission power couples underground signal on drill string so as on the drill string that is transmitted at drilling machine and issuing has at least one can The electromagnetic locating signal of selection manipulation parameter, downhole transmitted power may be selected in power downhole transmission range；With

Walking locator in ground is used to receive electromagnetic locating signal and for detecting the predetermined of the positioning signal received Decaying, and in response to the detection, system configuration reconfigure order at automatically generating, reconfigure order and change electromagnetism At least one of following parameter of positioning signal: carrier frequency, transimission power, baud rate and modulating mode.

Design 11: conceive 10 system, wherein the bit error rate of the ground walking locator based on electromagnetic locating signal and At least one in signal-to-noise ratio monitors the prearranged signals decaying.

Design 12: conceive 10 system, wherein the ground walking locator be configured to generate reconfigure order and Order will be reconfigured thereafter by telemetering and is transmitted to drilling machine, and transceiver is configured to that life will be reconfigured via drill string on well Order is transmitted to downhole transceiver.

Design 13: a kind of drill column communication system, it uses the drill string of subsurface tool is extended to from drilling machine as electric conductor To provide the communication between drilling machine and subsurface tool, the system comprises:

Walking locator in ground is used to receive electromagnetic locating signal and the reception consumption for detecting electromagnetic locating signal Damage, and consumed in response to the reception, automatically show that signal consumes situation to the drilling machine.

Design 14: conceive 13 system, wherein the ground walking locator is by being transmitted to brill for signal consume order Transceiver shows signal consume situation on well at machine.

Design 15: conceive 14 system, wherein signal consume order specifies one group of new ginseng for electromagnetic locating signal Number.

Design 16: conceive 15 system, wherein one group of new parameter specifies at least one in following parameter: for electricity New transmission powers, new carrier wave frequency, new baud rate and the new modulating mode of magnetic locating signal.

Design 17: conceive 16 system, wherein one group of new parameter, which specifies, does not modulate new carrier wave frequency.

Design 18: a kind of drill column communication system, it uses the drill string of subsurface tool is extended to from drilling machine as electric conductor To provide the communication between drilling machine and subsurface tool, the system comprises:

Transceiver on well is located at drilling machine and including transmitter on well, and transmitter couples signal on well on well To be transmitted to subsurface tool on drill string；And

Downhole transceiver, is located at underground close to subsurface tool and including downhole transmitter, and downhole transmitter is by underground Signal is coupled on drill string to form on well receiver on the well of a part of transceiver to be transmitted to, and wherein, Jing Shangshou Hair device and downhole transceiver are configured to cooperate to be based at least partially on by the signal of the underground signal detected of transceiver on well Decaying and change at least one of underground signal automatically can operation transmission parameter.

Design 19: conceive 18 system, wherein transceiver and the downhole transceiver are configured to letter on the well Number decaying automatically modifies one group of underground signal can operating parameter.

Design 20: conceive 19 system, wherein one group of parameter of modification include carrier frequency, power level, baud rate and It is two or more in modulating mode.

Design 21: conceive 18 system, wherein at least one in transceiver includes Noise scan in downhole transceiver and well Instrument, for carrying out the Noise scan of the available transmission frequency for underground signal, so that establishing lowest noise transmission frequency.

Design 22: conceive 21 system, wherein Noise scan instrument is configured with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), direct computation of DFT One selected in leaf transformation and power spectral density determines the noise spectrum in available transmission frequency.

Design 23: conceive 21 system, wherein Noise scan instrument includes the filter group with multiple bandpass filters, To determine lowest noise transmission frequency.

Design 24: conceive 21 system, wherein transmitter is configured to close during Noise scan in downhole transmitter and well It closes.

Design 25: conceive 21 system, wherein one selected in transceiver and downhole transceiver on well is configured to start The Noise scan of a part as startup program.

Design 26: conceive 25 system, wherein transceiver is configured to the consumption of the signal from downhole transmitter on well Damage restarts Noise scan at least to select the new transmission frequencies for underground signal.

Design 27: conceive 18 system, wherein the drill string includes channel transfer functions, the channel transfer functions packet The drill string distortion on each well on signal is included, and wherein, transceiver is configured to characterize the channel biography on at least described well Delivery function is the band limiting filter with frequency band limitation response.

Design 28: conceive 27 system, wherein frequency band limitation response is further characterised as finite impulse response (FIR).

Design 29: conceive 27 system, wherein receiver includes at least one balanced device on the well of transceiver at least on well To compensate drill string distortion.

Design 30: conceive 29 system, wherein balanced device includes equalizer response, and equalizer response is based on one group of equilibrium Device coefficient is customizable so that equalizer response is adapted to the range of variable in channel transfer functions.

Design 31: conceive 30 system, wherein downhole transmitter is configured to the training sequence that transmission is modulated on underground signal Column, and receiver is configured to resume training sequence from underground signal to establish one group of equalizer coefficients on well.

Design 32: conceive 31 system, wherein on well transceiver include the copy of training sequence with the training that receives Sequence is compared, and the training sequence received indicates the instruction transmitted by downhole transmitter and be distorted by channel transfer functions Practice sequence.

Design 33: conceive 32 system, wherein downhole transceiver includes multiplexer, and multiplexer is in training sequence It is selected between column and sensing data to be modulated on underground signal.

Design 34: conceive 32 system, wherein transceiver is configured to copy based on training sequence and receives on well The least mean-square error of difference between training sequence determines one group of coefficient.

Design 35: conceive 18 system, wherein downhole transceiver is configured to receiving sensor data and based on sensor Data modulate underground signal.

Design 36: conceive 34 system, wherein multiple phase shift keying is applied to underground signal by downhole transceiver.

Design 37: conceive 18 system, wherein transceiver is configured to synchronously detect underground signal on well.

Design 38: conceive 37 system, wherein downhole transceiver is configured to apply multiple phase shift keying to modulate underground letter Number, and transceiver includes the multiple phase shift keying carrier tracking loop and demodulator for restoring underground signal on well.

Design 39: conceive 38 system, wherein downhole transceiver is configured to for quadrature phase shift keying to be applied to underground letter Number.

Design 40: the system of any one of design 18 to 39, wherein drill string includes channel transfer functions, channel transfer letter Number includes the drill string distortion on each well on signal, and it is band that transceiver, which is configured to characterization channel transfer functions, at least on well Filter is limited, and transceiver includes same-phase balanced device and different phase balanced device to compensate drill string distortion on well.

Design 41: conceive 40 system, wherein transceiver is configured to synchronously detect underground signal on well, and including DTTL data transition tracking loop between same-phase balanced device and different phase balanced device to switch.

Design 42: the equipment in a kind of drill column communication system, drill column communication system have used from drilling machine and have extended to underground work The drill string of tool provides the communication between drilling machine and subsurface tool as electric conductor, and the drill string carries underground and believes being used as Number the electric conductor when show channel transfer functions, underground signal is coupled to drill string by subsurface tool, and equipment includes:

Receiver on well receives the underground signal from drill string as transmission signal, transmits signal by channel transfer The influence of function, and receiver is configured to will to compensate response and is applied to transmission signal on the well, is based on channel transfer functions Customization compensation response.

Design 43: conceive 42 equipment, wherein channel transfer functions cause the drill string on underground signal to be distorted, and extremely Receiver is configured to for channel transfer functions to be characterized as band limiting filter response on few well.

Design 44: conceive 43 equipment, wherein band limiting filter response is further characterized finite impulse response (FIR).

Design 45: conceive 43 equipment, wherein receiver includes at least one balanced device to compensate drill string distortion on well.

Design 46: conceive 45 equipment, wherein balanced device includes equalizer response, and equalizer response is based on one group of equilibrium Device coefficient is customizable so that equalizer response is adapted to the range of variable in channel transfer functions.

Design 47: conceive 46 equipment, wherein the copy of receiver storage training sequence on well, and receiver on well It is configured to resume training the transmission version of sequence from the underground signal being distorted by channel transfer functions, with the pair with training sequence Originally it is compared to establish one group of equalizer coefficients.

Design 48: conceive 47 equipment, wherein receiver is configured to copy and training sequence based on training sequence on well Transmission version between the least mean-square error of difference determine one group of coefficient.

Design 49: a kind of ground walking locator is used to having used the drill string for extending to subsurface tool from drilling machine be In system, subsurface tool is configured to transmission electromagnetic locating signal, and the ground walking locator includes:

Receiver is configured to receive positioning signal, detects the received decaying of positioning signal, and decline in response to described Subtract detection and generates signal consume order；And

Telemetry transmitter, for signal consume order to be transmitted to drilling machine.

Design 50: conceiving 49 ground walking locator, and the reception consume for being configured to positioning signal generates institute State signal consume order.

Design 51: conceiving 49 ground walking locator, and the predetermined attenuation degree for being configured to positioning signal is raw It is consumed at the signal.

Design 52: conceiving 49 ground walking locator, is configured to primitively in response to the detection for receiving consume Noise scan is carried out to identify the new frequency for being directed to electromagnetic locating signal.

Design 53: conceive 49 ground walking locator, wherein signal consumes command recognition for electromagnetic locating signal At least one of following parameter: new transmission powers, new carrier wave frequency, new baud rate and new modulating mode.

Design 54: a kind of system at least executing sub-terrain operations, it uses the drill strings that subsurface tool is extended to from drilling machine As electric conductor to provide the communication between drilling machine and subsurface tool, the system comprises:

Downhole transceiver is located at underground close to subsurface tool, and is configured to (i) to receive and operate with subsurface tool At least one relevant sensor signal of parameter, (ii) generates underground signal, and underground signal is transferred on the drill string at drilling machine, And underground signal is modulated based on sensor signal, and issues electromagnetic locating signal (iii) to carry out ground detection, Wherein positioning signal is modulated at least without by the sensor signal；

Transceiver on well is located at drilling machine and including receiver on well, and receiver is configured to receive from drill string on well Underground signal and restore sensor signal to can get at the drilling rig to can the relevant information of operating parameter；With

Walking locator in ground receives electromagnetic locating signal and is used as at least one of homing beacon and tracking signal, So that being greater than for the detection range of given transimission power positioning signal in the case where not modulating for identical given transmission The detection range of modulation positioning signal of the power by sensor signal modulation.

Design 55: conceive 54 system, wherein ground walking locator includes in the carrier frequency of electromagnetic locating signal Narrow band filter placed in the middle.

Design 56: the system of design 54 or 55, wherein ground walking locator is configured to obtain sensor phase Data are closed to generate the correlation between data with ground walking locator and take remote measurement and communicate with transceiver on the well at drilling machine, Sensor related data is sent on well on the drill string from transceiver from subsurface tool, and walking locator in ground generates data and passes through Electromagnetic telemetry signals are sent to transceiver on well.

Design 57: a kind of system at least executing sub-terrain operations, it uses the drill strings that subsurface tool is extended to from drilling machine As electric conductor to provide the communication between drilling machine and subsurface tool, the system comprises:

Transceiver on well is located at drilling machine and including transmitter on well, and transmitter is configured to drill string at least on well On well on signal be transmitted to subsurface tool；

Downhole transceiver is located at underground close to subsurface tool, and is configured to from signal on drill string received well and selects Issue electromagnetic locating signal selecting property to detect on the ground；

Walking locator in ground is used to receive electromagnetic locating signal and for automatically detecting ground walking locator Activation/disabled status, and in response to detecting that activation/disabled status changes, the ground walking locator is configured to table The state instruction of bright new activation/disabled status is transmitted to drilling machine；With

Transceiver and the downhole transceiver are further configured to cooperation at least responsive to disabled status on the well Disconnect electromagnetic locating signal.

Design 58: conceive 57 system, wherein ground walking locator is configured to energetically use during state of activation Electromagnetic locating signal.

Design 59: conceive 57 system, wherein ground walking locator includes at least one accelerometer, accelerometer In response to the mobile generation accelerometer output of ground walking locator, and ground walking locator is configured to add based on described Speedometer output detection disabled status.

Design 60: conceive 57 system, wherein ground walking locator includes detecting locator close to the biography of the earth's surface Sensor, and ground walking locator is configured to locator and is located on the earth's surface and shows disabled status.

Design 61: it is a kind of at least for execute sub-terrain operations communication system can, it uses extend to underground from drilling machine The drill string of tool and ground walking detector as at least one of homing beacon and tracking device, communication system packet It includes:

The transceiver on the well at drilling machine；

Positioned at underground close to the downhole transceiver of subsurface tool；

Form the telemetry transceiver of a part of ground walking locator；

The first bidirectional communication link on well between transceiver and downhole transceiver uses drill string as electric conductor to mention For the communication on well between transceiver and downhole transceiver；

The second bidirectional communication link on well between transceiver and the telemetry transceiver of ground walking locator, on well It is communicated between transceiver and telemetry transceiver using wireless electromagnetic；And

Make (i) to use the from at least unidirectional communications link of downhole transceiver to the ground walking locator of subsurface tool One bidirectional communication link provides the first communication pattern via transceiver on the well from drill string to drilling machine from downhole transceiver, (ii) From downhole transceiver via from unidirectional communications link, ground walking locator telemetry transceiver and the second bidirectional communication link to Transceiver provides the second communication pattern on well, and (iii) comes under pit for managing to receive and dispatch for being based at least partially on system mode The controller of communication on device and well between transceiver.

Design 62: conceive 61 system further include:

Communication manager is at least used to be based at least partially on the first and second bidirectional communication links and one-way communication The current operable state of link, for any given transmission from subsurface tool to drilling machine, by automatically logical first It is selected between letter mode and the second communication pattern to manage from the well at the downhole transceiver to drilling machine from subsurface tool The communication of transceiver.

Design 63: the system of claim 62, wherein controller is configured to select the first communication pattern as default mode.

Claims

1. a kind of at least for executing the communication system of sub-terrain operations, it uses extended to from drilling machine the drill string of subsurface tool with And the ground walking locator as at least one of homing beacon and tracking device, the communication system include:

The transceiver on the well at the drilling machine；

Positioned at underground close to the downhole transceiver of the subsurface tool；

Form the telemetry transceiver of a part of the ground walking locator；

The first bidirectional communication link on the well between transceiver and the downhole transceiver uses the drill string as electricity Conductor is to provide the communication on the well between transceiver and the downhole transceiver；

The second bidirectional communication link on the well between transceiver and the telemetry transceiver of the ground walking locator, It is communicated between transceiver and the telemetry transceiver using wireless electromagnetic on the well；

At least from the downhole transceiver of the subsurface tool to the unidirectional communications link of the ground walking locator, so that Obtaining (i) uses first bidirectional communication link from the downhole transceiver via the well from the drill string to the drilling machine Upper transceiver provides the first communication pattern, and (ii) is from the downhole transceiver via the unidirectional communications link, the ground Transceiver provides second on the telemetry transceiver and second bidirectional communication link to the well at walking locator Communication pattern；With

Come automatically in the downhole transceiver and the well between transceiver for being based at least partially on system mode The communication manager of selection is carried out between first communication pattern and second communication pattern.

2. system according to claim 1, wherein the communication manager is configured at least for being based at least partially on First and second bidirectional communication link and the current operable state of the unidirectional communications link, for any given From the subsurface tool to the transmission of the drilling machine, by automatically in first communication pattern and second communication pattern Between selected to manage and be received and dispatched from the well at the downhole transceiver to the drilling machine from the subsurface tool The communication of device.

3. system according to claim 2, wherein the communication manager is configured to that first communication pattern is selected to make For default mode.