CN107221934A - A kind of Analysis on Selecting method of UPFC DC sides equivalent capacity - Google Patents
A kind of Analysis on Selecting method of UPFC DC sides equivalent capacity Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/04—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources
- H02J3/06—Controlling transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling sharing of load between connected networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Abstract
Present invention combination instantaneous power theory, gives in a kind of Analysis on Selecting method of UPFC DC sides equivalent capacity, the transient process for illustrating UPFC power flowcontrols, flows through the active power of series connection side converter and the relation of line inductance power.Power flowcontrol can produce certain active power transfer in UPFC, and when DC bus capacitor provides transient power and side in parallel only provides steady state power, side capacity in parallel can be smaller；If for stable DC side voltage, then side converter capacity in parallel should include temporary steady state power sum, thus the present invention provides foundation for UPFC electric capacity Analysis on Selecting.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Power System Flexible transmission ＆ distribution electro-technical field, and in particular to a kind of UPFC DC sides equivalent capacity
Analysis on Selecting method.
Background technology
Doctor Gyugyi of U.S. Xi Wu Science ＆ Technology Center proposes THE UPFC UPFC (Unified since 1991
PowerFlow Controller) concept since, many scholars start to be directed to the research to it.UPFC is used as flexible AC
It is also a kind of most attractive compensator to transmit electricity most complicated in family, phase angle and can be had to the impedance on power circuit
Work(and idle carry out any combination control, integrate a variety of functions, with very strong flexibility.American Electric Power is in 1998
Year is mounted with the 1st UPFC in the world in Kentucky east INEZ areas, and it has as inverter maximum in the world
640MVA control ability, obtains the extensive concern of world power industrial quarters.
As latest generation FACTS (FlexibleAlternative Current Transmission Systems,
Flexible AC transmitting system) device, THE UPFC UPFC can realize the accurate control of trend, to power network dynamic stability
Property and voltage stability have considerable influence.As shown in figure 1, UPFC is made up of two back-to-back voltage source converters, two
Back-to-back transverter general DC busbar and DC capacitor, the two all passes through converter power transformer access system, wherein current transformer 2
Converter power transformer accessed with cascade；Active power can between two current transformers either direction flow freely, often
The ac output end of individual current transformer also can independently be generated or absorbed by reactive power；The function of current transformer 2 is by string in UPFC
Join transformer and inject amplitude and phase angle controllable voltage vector to circuit, you can while or selectively on adjusting circuit
Voltage, impedance and phase angle；The major function of current transformer 1 is to provide or absorbed current transformer 2 required on common DC bus
Active power, to maintain to connect, the active power between injecting voltage and circuit is exchanged.
Work on hand is directed to the improvement of the effect and stability of UPFC power flowcontrols mostly, the transient state for rarely having research UPFC
Behavior and the selection of device parameter.The control of UPFC rapid tidal currents can cause the fluctuation of DC voltage, because series side injection
Voltage can produce certain active power with line current, and this Partial Power can flow into (or outflow) DC side in transient process
Electric capacity；If the magnitude of power is larger, rise sharply (or rapid drawdown) of DC voltage can be caused, and the overvoltage of DC side is unfavorable for
UPFC safe operation, it is therefore necessary to which how research chooses suitable capacitance to avoid it from occurring.
The content of the invention
In view of above-mentioned, in order to which the transient process to UPFC power flowcontrols is analyzed, the present invention is based on instantaneous voltage, electric current
A kind of vector theory, it is proposed that Analysis on Selecting method of UPFC DC sides equivalent capacity, discusses from principle and flows through connection in series-parallel
The active power and its composition of side, analysis result show that the active power that series side is flowed out in transient process is transferred to line inductance
In, if this Partial Power is provided by DC bus capacitor, the electric energy that electric capacity discharges in transient process is equal to line inductance and deposited
The magnetic energy of storage, the foundation of capacitance selection can be derived from.
A kind of Analysis on Selecting method of UPFC DC sides equivalent capacity, comprises the following steps：
(1) Controlling model for setting up two transverters in its mathematical modeling and UPFC is derived according to UPFC basic structures；
(2) according to described mathematical modeling and Controlling model, by the equivalent inductance for analyzing UPFC institutes series AC circuit
And changed power of the UPFC DC side equivalent capacitys in short trouble, so as to derive the meter of UPFC DC side equivalent capacitys
Calculate formula as follows, and determine its capacitance C according to this；
Wherein：L is the equivalent inductance of UPFC institutes series AC circuit, IL1Occurs short circuit event for All other routes in power system
The steady-state current of UPFC institutes series AC circuit, I after barrierL0Occur UPFC before short trouble by All other routes in power system to go here and there
Join the steady-state current of alternating current circuit, Udc0Occurring UPFC DC voltage before short trouble for All other routes in power system is
UPFC DC side equivalent capacity both end voltages, σ is the rate of change of UPFC DC voltages.
The calculation expression of the UPFC DC voltage change rates σ is as follows：
Wherein：Udc1The DC voltage of UPFC after short trouble occurs for All other routes in power system.
The step (1) to implement process as follows：
1.1 derive UPFC VSC (Voltage Source Converter, voltage source with low frequency dynamic mathematical models
Transverter) machine-electricity transient model；
1.2 by the way that three phase variables to be obtained to the physical quantity under dq rotating coordinate systems after coordinate transform, so as to obtain dq rotations
Turn the mathematical modeling of VSC under coordinate system；
1.3 pairs of UPFC DC sides directly use capacitor equivalent；
1.4 make the VSC in UPFC use current decoupled control, and the d of VSC output voltages is adjusted by inner ring current controller
Axle reference value vdrefWith q axle reference values vqref, make the d axis components i of ac-side currentsdWith q axis components isqTrack outer ring controller
The d shaft current command values i of outputsdrefWith q shaft current command values isqref；
1.5 make the one of VSC of UPFC use constant DC voltage control, and its outer ring controller is inside using PI controlling units
Circular current controller provides d shaft current command values isdrefWith q shaft current command values isqref。
The equivalent inductance and UPFC DC side equivalent capacitys of analysis UPFC institutes series AC circuit exist in the step (2)
Changed power in short trouble, detailed process is as follows：
2.1 according to UPFC mathematical modeling and the Controlling model of transverter, it is considered under dq rotating coordinate systems in side in parallel
State equation simultaneously combines side converter power equation in parallel, and eliminating voltage on valve side variable, to obtain UPFC side power equations in parallel new
Expression formula, the expression formula includes the side input power in parallel represented by voltage on line side electric current and linked reactor transient process stream
The power of warp, and consumption is eliminated in the ohmically loss of connection；
2.2 insert the power equation and series side line current state side that equivalent voltage source is produced in circuit according to series side
Journey, eliminates equivalent voltage source voltage quantities and obtains the new expression formula of UPFC series side power equations, the expression formula includes line electricity
Power and line resistance loss that sense transient process is flowed through, and eliminate circuit first and last end difference power；
2.3 ignore DC losses and consider series transformer loss in circuit, and parallel connection is obtained by power balance theory
Side input power, which is equal in DC capacitor absorbed power and series side power output, the series side power output, includes electric current
Derivative term for transient power, what it is not comprising derivative of current is steady state power；For transient power, it is considered to from moment t0To t1,
The d axis components and q axis components of corresponding line inductive current are also respectively from Id0And Iq0Change to Id1And Iq1, to transient power at this
Period integrates, and obtains the energy variation of line inductance in the period, coordinate transform is applied on current variable and taken back
In inductance energy change, the inductance energy change represented with line current virtual value is obtained
t0And t1At the time of corresponding before and after All other routes generation short trouble in power system respectively；
2.4 consider from moment t0To t1, UPFC DC voltages are by Udc0It is changed into Udc1, the period Capacitance Power is accumulated
Get it to release energyMake Δ WdcWith Δ WLIt is equal, you can to derive UPFC direct currents
The calculation formula of side equivalent capacity.
Preferably, it is considered to DC voltage change rate σ in expected range2The σ of ＜ ＜ 2, then make UPFC DC side equivalent capacitys
Calculation formula be：
Present invention combination instantaneous power theory, gives the Analysis on Selecting method of UPFC DC side equivalent capacitys, illustrates
In the transient process of UPFC power flowcontrols, the active power of series connection side converter and the relation of line inductance power are flowed through.Trend
Control can produce certain active power transfer in UPFC, and when DC bus capacitor offer transient power, side in parallel is only provided surely
During state power, side capacity in parallel can be smaller；If for stable DC side voltage, then side converter capacity in parallel should include
Temporary steady state power sum, it is thus of the invention to provide foundation for UPFC electric capacity Analysis on Selecting.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is THE UPFC UPFC structural representation.
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of the inventive method.
Fig. 3 is the VSC control structure block diagrams containing current inner loop controller.
Fig. 4 (a) is the structured flowchart for determining Active Power Controller.
Fig. 4 (b) is the structured flowchart of constant DC voltage control device.
Fig. 4 (c) is the structured flowchart for determining reactive power controller.
Fig. 4 (d) is the structured flowchart for determining AC voltage controller.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the one machine infinity bus system containing UPFC.
Embodiment
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment is to technical scheme
It is described in detail.
As shown in Fig. 2 the Analysis on Selecting method of UPFC DC sides equivalent capacity of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
(1) its mathematical modeling and converter Control model are derived according to UPFC basic structures.
1.1 derive UPFC VSC machine-electricity transient models with low frequency dynamic mathematical models.
1.2 carry out Park conversion for ease of analysis and to each physical quantity independent control, by the change of variable of three-phase time-varying obtains phase
Mutually the physical quantity under vertical two-phase d-q rotating coordinate systems, obtains the mathematical modeling of VSC under synchronization d-q rotating coordinate systems.
1.3 pairs of UPFC DC sides directly use capacitor equivalent.
1.4 be the current coupling and grid disturbances for eliminating d, q between centers, and VSC transverters use current decoupled control；It is logical
Cross inner ring current controller regulation VSC output voltage reference values vdrefAnd vqref, make d, q axis component i of ac-side currentsdAnd isq
Track the current instruction value i of outer ring controller outputsdrefAnd isqref, as shown in Figure 3.
1.5 be the control targe for reaching UPFC, and rotary substation mainly has constant DC voltage control, determines alternating voltage control, determines
Line Flow active component controls, determines the control of Line Flow reactive component, determine the control of series voltage amplitude, determine series voltage phase angle
The basic control mode of control, the structure of correspondence outer ring controller is as shown in Figure 4.In order to keep system active balance and direct current
Pressure is stable, must have a rotary substation to use constant DC voltage control；The outer ring controller of design uses common PI controlling units
Inside circular current controller provides the command value i of d, q axis component of ac-side currentsdrefAnd isqref。
(2) UPFC side power analysis in parallel and serial.
2.1 consider the state equation under the d-q coordinate systems of side in parallel, knot according to UPFC transverters mathematical modeling in step (1)
Merge connection side converter power equation, eliminate the new-standard cement that voltage on valve side variable obtains power equation, include voltage on line side electricity
The power that side input power in parallel, the linked reactor transient process that flow table is shown are flowed through, and it is ohmically in connection to remove consumption
Loss.
Power equation and series side line current shape that 2.2 equivalent voltage sources for inserting circuit then according to series side are produced
State equation, eliminates the new-standard cement that equivalent voltage source voltage quantities obtain power equation, is flowed through comprising line inductance transient process
Power, line resistance loss, and remove first and last end difference power.
2.3 ignore DC losses and series connection are become into loss etc. in view of in circuit, obtaining side in parallel by power-balance and inputting
Power provides power and the series side power output that DC capacitor absorbs.It is comprising derivative of current in series side power output
Transient power, is steady state power not comprising derivative of current.For transient power, it is considered to from moment t0To t1, corresponding line electricity
Inducing current d, q component are also respectively from Id0And Iq0Change to Id1And Iq1, transient power is integrated in the period, the time is obtained
The energy variation of line inductance in section.By Park conversion apply on current variable and take back inductance energy change in, obtain with
The inductance energy changes delta W that line current virtual value is representedL：
Wherein, IL0And IL1Respectively t0And t1When current effective value.
(3) DC side equivalent capacity Analysis on Selecting.
3.1 from transient process power component analysis, be transferred to line inductance power include DC bus capacitor it is temporary
The excess power that the transverter of side in parallel is obtained from system busbar when the electric discharge of state process and transient state.If line inductance transient process
Power all from side transverter in parallel to series side transverter transmit obtain, then now DC side due to changed power it is little
And voltage is hardly fluctuated.Consider that transient power needs all to flow through from side transverter in parallel, if transient process is violent, stream
The power crossed is relatively also larger, and this requires that transverter capacity in side in parallel and change of current varying capacity are larger.This is for conventional operation shape
State for stable state UPFC for be uneconomic.
Under 3.2 worst conditions, the power of line inductance transient process is all discharged by DC bus capacitor to be obtained, it is clear that in parallel
Side transverter and change of current varying capacity need to only meet steady state power value.Consider from moment t0To t1, DC voltage is by Udc0Become
For Udc1, the energy Δ W being released is integrated to the period Capacitance Powerdc：
Make this energy Δ WdcWith the line inductance energy variation Δ W in step (2)LIt is equal, and define DC voltage change
Rate σ：
In summary the various capacitance size that obtains is：
Consider that DC voltage change rate has σ in expected range2The σ of ＜ ＜ 2, therefore capacitance is approximately proportional to line inductance.
We have built the simulation model of an one machine infinity bus system containing UPFC below, and generator, transformer are through double
220kV is returned, 100km transmission lines of electricity are connected with infinite busbar, generator sends power for 100MW, 1 installed therein of UPFC
On transmission line of electricity, system architecture and parameter are as shown in figure 5, relevant parameter and value are as shown in table 1：
Table 1
| Parameter | Physical significance | Value |
| Sb/(MV·A) | Capacity a reference value | 100 |
| Vb/kV | Line voltage distribution a reference value | 230 |
| fb/Hz | Power network reference frequency | 50 |
| L/H(0.1p.u.) | Line inductance | 0.1684 |
| R/Ω(0.01p.u.) | Line resistance | 5.29 |
| Vdc/kV | UPFC DC voltages | 20 |
| Sse/(MV·A) | UPFC series side capacity | 10 |
It can be derived from by table 1, the reference value I of line currentb=0.251kA, it is assumed that circuit effective power flow by UPFC controls, by
50MW increases to 80MW, then the current effective value of circuit where UPFC is changed into 0.2008kA from 0.1255kA.In order that capacitance voltage
10% is no more than in the rate of change of transient process, it is known that required electric capacity is：
Simulation parameter takes C=200 μ F, it is assumed that provide all energy from side converter in parallel to line inductance, it is required and
Join the capacity S that side capacity is larger, takes side converter in parallel to transmitsh=5MVA, i.e. series side capacity SseHalf.When emulating 10s
UPFC carries out power flowcontrol, and the active power that series side is flowed through in 80MW, transient process is increased to by original natural power 50MW
It is 0.68MW after about 0.9MW, stable state, and the side converter capacity in parallel chosen is 5MVA, it is possible to provide series side injection system
All active power in system, therefore DC capacitor voltage fluctuation very little.
Assuming that providing transient power by DC bus capacitor, side converter in parallel only provides the steady state power (generation of i.e. first two
Number and about 0.68MW), by its capacity SshIt is changed to 0.7MW.It can find, other variant waveforms and essentially identical before, only direct current
Side voltage waveform is different, and DC voltage is down to 18.4kV by 20kV in transient process, can solve：
ΔWdc=0.5 × 200 × 10-6×[(20×103)2-(18.4×103)2]=6144J
ΔWL=1.5 × 0.1684 × (200.82-125.52)=6220J
ΔWdc≈ΔWL, coincide with theory analysis, i.e., the electric energy transfer that DC bus capacitor is stored in transient process and storage
For the magnetic energy of line inductance.
Above-mentioned analysis demonstrates the validity of UPFC DC sides equivalent capacity Analysis on Selecting method of the present invention.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is understood that for ease of those skilled in the art and using the present invention.
Person skilled in the art obviously can easily make various modifications to above-described embodiment, and described herein general
Principle is applied in other embodiment without passing through performing creative labour.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment, ability
Field technique personnel are according to the announcement of the present invention, and the improvement made for the present invention and modification all should be in protection scope of the present invention
Within.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of Analysis on Selecting method of UPFC DC sides equivalent capacity, comprises the following steps：
(1) Controlling model for setting up two transverters in its mathematical modeling and UPFC is derived according to UPFC basic structures；
(2) according to described mathematical modeling and Controlling model, by analyze UPFC institutes series AC circuit equivalent inductance and
Changed power of the UPFC DC side equivalent capacitys in short trouble, so as to derive that the calculating of UPFC DC side equivalent capacitys is public
Formula is as follows, and determines its capacitance C according to this；
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Wherein：L is the equivalent inductance of UPFC institutes series AC circuit, IL1Occur for All other routes in power system after short trouble
The steady-state current of UPFC institutes series AC circuit, IL0Occur UPFC before short trouble by All other routes in power system to connect friendship
The steady-state current of Flow Line, Udc0The DC voltage that UPFC before short trouble occurs for All other routes in power system is UPFC straight
Side equivalent capacity both end voltage is flowed, σ is the rate of change of UPFC DC voltages.
2. Analysis on Selecting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The meter of the UPFC DC voltage change rates σ
Operator expression formula is as follows：
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Wherein：Udc1The DC voltage of UPFC after short trouble occurs for All other routes in power system.
3. Analysis on Selecting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step (1) implements process such as
Under：
1.1 derive UPFC VSC machine-electricity transient models with low frequency dynamic mathematical models；
1.2 by the way that three phase variables to be obtained to the physical quantity under dq rotating coordinate systems after coordinate transform, so as to obtain dq rotation seats
The lower VSC of mark system mathematical modeling；
1.3 pairs of UPFC DC sides directly use capacitor equivalent；
1.4 make the VSC in UPFC use current decoupled control, and the d axles for adjusting VSC output voltages by inner ring current controller are joined
Examine value vdrefWith q axle reference values vqref, make the d axis components i of ac-side currentsdWith q axis components isqTrack outer ring controller output
D shaft current command values isdrefWith q shaft current command values isqref；
1.5 make the one of VSC of UPFC use constant DC voltage control, and its outer ring controller is electric to inner ring using PI controlling units
Stream controller provides d shaft current command values isdrefWith q shaft current command values isqref。
4. Analysis on Selecting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Analysis UPFC is connected in the step (2)
Changed power of the equivalent inductance and UPFC DC side equivalent capacitys of alternating current circuit in short trouble, detailed process is as follows：
2.1 according to UPFC mathematical modeling and the Controlling model of transverter, it is considered to the state under dq rotating coordinate systems in side in parallel
Equation simultaneously combines side in parallel converter power equation, eliminates voltage on valve side variable and obtains the expression of UPFC side power equations in parallel newly
Formula, the expression formula is flowed through comprising the side input power in parallel and linked reactor transient process represented by voltage on line side electric current
Power, and consumption is eliminated in the ohmically loss of connection；
2.2 insert the power equation and series side line current state equation that equivalent voltage source is produced in circuit according to series side,
Eliminate equivalent voltage source voltage quantities and obtain the new expression formula of UPFC series side power equations, the expression formula is temporary comprising line inductance
Power and the line resistance loss that state process is flowed through, and eliminate circuit first and last end difference power；
2.3 ignore DC losses and consider series transformer loss in circuit, obtain side in parallel by power balance theory defeated
Enter power to be equal in DC capacitor absorbed power and series side power output, the series side power output comprising derivative of current
For transient power, what it is not comprising derivative of current is steady state power；For transient power, it is considered to from moment t0To t1, correspondence
The d axis components and q axis components of line inductance electric current are also respectively from Id0And Iq0Change to Id1And Iq1, to transient power in the time
Duan Jifen, obtains the energy variation of line inductance in the period, and coordinate transform is applied on current variable and inductance is taken back
In energy variation, the inductance energy change represented with line current virtual value is obtainedt0And t1
At the time of corresponding before and after All other routes generation short trouble in power system respectively；
2.4 consider from moment t0To t1, UPFC DC voltages are by Udc0It is changed into Udc1, the period Capacitance Power is integrated
Released energy to itMake Δ WdcWith Δ WLIt is equal, you can to derive UPFC DC sides etc.
Imitate the calculation formula of electric capacity.
5. Analysis on Selecting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Consider DC voltage change rate in expected range
Interior σ2The σ of ＜ ＜ 2, then the calculation formula for making UPFC DC side equivalent capacitys is：
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2
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108321785A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-07-24 | 南京理工大学 | Commonly connected capacitance values choosing method in DC power flow controller |
| CN110022052A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-07-16 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Drive system, air-conditioning equipment, control method and controller |
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| HIDEAKI FUJITA 等: ""Transient Analysis of a Unified Power Flow Controller, and its Application to Design of the DC-Link Capacitor"", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS》 * |
| 吕文韬: ""限流式统一潮流控制器在电力系统应用的若干关键问题研究"", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅱ辑》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108321785A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-07-24 | 南京理工大学 | Commonly connected capacitance values choosing method in DC power flow controller |
| CN110022052A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-07-16 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Drive system, air-conditioning equipment, control method and controller |
| CN110022052B (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-07-10 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Driving system, air conditioning equipment, control method and controller |
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