CN107219326B - Performance evaluation method and evaluation system of flame-retardant material for secondary battery - Google Patents
Performance evaluation method and evaluation system of flame-retardant material for secondary battery Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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Abstract
The invention provides a performance evaluation method and an evaluation system of a flame retardant material for a secondary battery, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining the heat quantity Q generated by the secondary battery without the flame retardant material under the thermal runaway condition; determining the amount of combustion gas used to generate 1.1-2.0 times the heat quantity Q; combusting the flame retardant material with the amount of gas; constructing an equation for evaluating the flame retardant performance; the system comprises: the heat calculation module is used for determining the heat Q generated by the secondary battery without the flame retardant material under the thermal runaway condition; the spray gun is internally provided with gas fuel, and the heat generated when the gas fuel is combusted is Q; the memory is used for recording the usage of the gas fuel in the spray gun; the evaluation module is used for constructing a flame retardant property evaluation equation so as to evaluate the property of the flame retardant material; the technical scheme provided by the invention guides the optimization of the flame retardant material for the secondary battery, and further reduces the danger coefficient of thermal runaway of the secondary battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrochemical power sources and energy storage, in particular to a performance evaluation method and an evaluation system of a flame-retardant material for a secondary battery.
Background
Along with the development of society, environmental problems arouse human attention increasingly, it becomes imperative to develop clean energy in order to replace traditional fossil energy, and secondary battery is as a novel clean high energy power supply, and the wide application in energy storage power supply systems such as water conservancy, firepower, wind-force and solar power station and a plurality of fields of electric tool, military equipment and aerospace has very big impetus to the improvement of environment.
However, during the use process, the secondary battery has a safety hazard, thermal runaway can occur under certain extreme conditions or abuse conditions (such as overcharge, high temperature, needle prick, short circuit, dropping, impact and the like), a large amount of energy is instantaneously released, and a combustion or explosion phenomenon is generated, so that the thermal runaway of the secondary battery not only can cause damage to surrounding equipment or people, but also can cause impact and damage to other secondary batteries grouped nearby, and in severe cases, other batteries are also dangerous to generate thermal runaway chain reaction.
In recent years, the secondary battery has been continuously ignited, and flame retardant materials have been used for safety protection of the secondary battery due to their special flame retardant and heat insulating properties in order to reduce the risk factor of the secondary battery during use.
Most of the existing flame retardant materials are directly placed around the secondary battery in a sheet form, on one hand, due to the lack of performance measurement of the thermal runaway state and consequences of the secondary battery, the maximum heat generated near the surface of the battery after the thermal runaway of the battery cannot be accurately obtained, and the flame and high temperature generated by the thermal runaway cannot be effectively prevented; on the other hand, the thickness and the weight of the flame retardant material are large, so that not only is the material wasted, but also the space occupied by the flame retardant material in the battery pack is large; therefore, the prior art is difficult to realize reliable selection of the flame retardant material for the secondary battery, and the thermal runaway risk coefficient of the secondary battery is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a performance evaluation method of a flame retardant material for a secondary battery; on the basis of determining the heat generated by the thermal runaway of the secondary battery, a flame retardant property evaluation equation comprehensively considering the parameters such as the effect, the thickness, the quality and the like of the flame retardant material is constructed, so that the reliable selection of the flame retardant material for the secondary battery is realized, and the danger coefficient of the thermal runaway of the secondary battery is reduced.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for evaluating the performance of a flame retardant material for a secondary battery, comprising the steps of:
(1) determining the heat quantity Q generated by a secondary battery without a flame retardant material under the thermal runaway condition in a heat insulation environment;
(2) determining the amount of combustion gas used to generate 1.1-2.0 times the heat quantity Q;
(3) combusting the flame retardant material with the amount of gas;
(4) and constructing a flame retardant property evaluation equation.
Preferably, the step (1) includes:
1) determining the initial mass m0 and the specific heat capacity Cp0 of the secondary battery which is not provided with the flame retardant material;
2) overcharging the battery with a temperature sensor, and respectively recording the initial surface temperatures T of the battery before and after overcharging0And a maximum temperature Tm;
3) according to Q ═ Cp0m0(Tm－T0) The heat quantity Q is determined.
Preferably, the number of the temperature sensors is 2-10, the temperature sensors are respectively arranged at 2-10 points on one surface of the secondary battery correspondingly, one point is located at the center of one surface of the battery, and the rest points are on a circumference formed by taking the center as a circle center and having a radius larger than the distance between two sides of the secondary battery.
Preferably, the temperature sensor is connected with the data processing system through a temperature acquisition device;
the temperature acquisition device comprises a signal conditioning module, a multi-path selection A/D acquisition module, a main control module and a communication module, wherein the signal conditioning module, the multi-path selection A/D acquisition module, the main control module and the communication module are sequentially connected in series.
Preferably, the step (3) specifically includes: the flame was sprayed to the flame-retardant material with a spray gun containing the amount of gaseous fuel, and the temperature on both sides of the flame-retardant material was recorded.
Preferably, the pressure and flow rate of the jet flame are 0.1-3MPa and 1-300ml/min, respectively.
Preferably, the flame retardant property is evaluated according to the following equation Y:
Y＝jA+kB+lC
in the formula: a-flame-retardant effect parameter, B-flame-retardant thickness parameter and C-flame-retardant quality parameter; j. k and l are respectively the weight coefficients of the flame-retardant effect, the thickness and the quality parameters, and j + k + l is 1.
Preferably, the flame-retardant effect parameter A is determined according to the temperature difference DeltaT between two sides when the flame-retardant material does not generate flame and the duration T when the flame is generated.
Preferably, the flame retardant thickness parameter B is determined according to the following formula:
in the formula: an alpha-thickness adjustment index, in units/mm, related to the thickness of the battery;
d-thickness of flame retardant material, unit/mm.
Preferably, the flame retardant quality parameter C is determined according to the following formula:
in the formula: a beta-cell mass base, units/g, related to the mass of the cell;
gamma-mass adjustment index, unit/g;
mz-mass of flame retardant material, units/g.
A performance evaluation system of a flame retardant material for a secondary battery, comprising:
the heat calculation module is used for determining the heat Q generated by the secondary battery without the flame retardant material under the thermal runaway condition in the heat insulation environment;
the spray gun is internally provided with gas fuel, and the heat generated when the gas fuel is combusted is Q;
the memory is used for recording the usage of the gas fuel in the spray gun;
and the evaluation module is used for constructing a flame retardant property evaluation equation so as to evaluate the property of the flame retardant material.
Preferably, the heat calculating module is configured to determine the heat Q by:
Q＝Cp0m0(Tm－T0)
in the formula, m0、Cp0Initial mass and specific heat capacity of the secondary battery without the flame retardant material; t is0And Tm is the initial temperature and the maximum temperature of the surface of the battery before and after overcharging the battery provided with the temperature sensor, respectively.
Preferably, the number of the temperature sensors is 2-10, the temperature sensors are respectively arranged at 2-10 points on one surface of the secondary battery correspondingly, one point is located at the center of one surface of the battery, and the rest points are located on a circumference formed by taking the center as a circle center and having a diameter larger than the distance between two sides of the secondary battery.
Preferably, the temperature sensor is connected with the data processing system through a temperature acquisition device;
the temperature acquisition device comprises a signal conditioning module, a multi-path selection A/D acquisition module, a main control module and a communication module, wherein the signal conditioning module, the multi-path selection A/D acquisition module, the main control module and the communication module are sequentially connected in series.
Preferably, the memory is also used for recording the temperatures of the two sides when the flame is not generated by the flame-retardant material when the flame is sprayed to the flame-retardant material by the spray gun, the temperature difference DeltaT of the two sides and the flame duration T when the flame is generated.
Preferably, the evaluation module is configured to determine the flame retardant performance evaluation score Y by a flame retardant performance evaluation equation of the following formula:
Y＝jA+kB+lC
in the formula: a-flame-retardant effect parameter, B-flame-retardant thickness parameter and C-flame-retardant quality parameter, wherein the higher Y is, the better flame-retardant property is; j. k and l are respectively the weight coefficients of the flame-retardant effect, the thickness and the quality parameters, and j + k + l is 1.
Preferably, the evaluation module comprises:
the flame-retardant effect calculation module is used for determining a flame-retardant effect parameter A according to the temperature difference delta T of the two sides of the flame-retardant material when flame is not generated and the flame duration T when flame is generated;
a flame retardant thickness calculation module for determining a flame retardant thickness parameter B by:
in the formula: α -thickness adjustment index, unit/mm, related to the thickness of the battery; d-thickness of flame retardant material, unit/mm;
a flame retardant quality calculation module for determining a flame retardant quality parameter C by:
in the formula: beta-cell mass base related to the mass of the cell, units/g; gamma-mass adjustment index, unit/g; m isz-mass of flame retardant material, units/g.
Compared with the closest prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the accurate evaluation of the flame retardant property of the flame retardant material for the secondary battery is realized by using a method for constructing a flame retardant property equation according to the relationship between the heat Q generated by the secondary battery without the flame retardant material in the adiabatic environment under the thermal runaway condition and the gas consumption of the combustion gas when the heat Q is generated, so that the danger coefficient of the thermal runaway of the secondary battery is greatly reduced.
2. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the effect, the thickness and the quality of the flame retardant material for the secondary battery are comprehensively considered, the volume fraction and the mass fraction of the flame retardant material in the secondary battery are greatly reduced on the premise of improving the flame retardant property of the secondary battery, the space is increased for increasing the internal volume and the energy density of the battery pack, and the optimal selection of the flame retardant material in the battery is realized.
3. The technical scheme provided by the invention is simple in method and easy to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a method for evaluating the performance of a flame retardant material for a secondary battery according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a layout view of a surface temperature sensor of a hard pack secondary battery according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a layout view of a surface temperature sensor of a secondary battery for flexible packaging according to example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated in detail by the following specific examples:
the method for evaluating the performance of the flame retardant material provided by the invention is specifically explained by taking a secondary battery with the length of a, the width of b and the thickness of c, wherein a > b > c as an example:
1. determining the heat generated under thermal runaway of the battery:
(1) using a battery charge-discharge instrument with 1C-3C current multiplying power to adjust the SOC charge state of a secondary battery without a flame-retardant material to 50-100%, and weighing the SOC charge state as m0；
(2) In the "mCp" mode, the specific heat capacity Cp of a secondary battery without a flame retardant material was measured by an adiabatic acceleration calorimeter and is denoted as Cp0；
(3) Arranging a temperature sensor on the surface of a secondary battery without a flame retardant material, overcharging at a current multiplying power of 2-5 ℃ in a heat insulation environment, and recording the highest temperature of the surface of the secondary batteryTm and initial temperature T of battery surface0And according to the formula Q ═ Cp0m0(Tm－T0) Calculating the heat Q generated by the battery;
the number of the temperature sensors is 2-10, the temperature sensors are respectively and correspondingly arranged at 2-10 points on one surface of the secondary battery, one point is positioned at the center of one surface of the battery, and the rest points are positioned on a circumference which takes the center as the center of a circle and has a diameter larger than the distance between two sides of the secondary battery;
the temperature sensor is connected with the data processing system through a temperature acquisition device; the temperature acquisition device comprises a signal conditioning module, a multi-path selection A/D acquisition module, a main control module and a communication module, wherein the signal conditioning module, the multi-path selection A/D acquisition module, the main control module and the communication module are sequentially connected in series;
2. burning a gaseous fuel, recording the amount of gaseous fuel required to produce said heat;
3. combusting the flame retardant material with the amount of gaseous fuel:
arranging temperature sensors at the center of two sides of a square flame-retardant material with side length of 8-12cm, spraying flame by using a spray gun filled with the gas fuel in an outer flame heating manner on one side of the flame-retardant material, spraying the flame-retardant material under the pressure of 0.3-0.60MPa and the flow rate of 125-165 ml/min, and recording the combustion condition of the flame-retardant material and the temperature of the temperature sensors at two sides of the flame-retardant material
4. The evaluation method comprises the following steps:
(1) determination of flame retardant parameters
1) Determining a flame-retardant effect parameter A according to the temperature difference Delta T of two sides of the flame-retardant material when flame is not generated and the duration T of the flame generated, and specifically according to the following table:
2) the flame retardant thickness parameter B was determined as follows:
in the formula: b, battery flame-retardant thickness parameter;
alpha-thickness adjustment index related to the thickness of the battery, and the value is 10, unit/mm;
d is the thickness of the flame retardant material in unit/mm.
3) Determining a flame retardant quality parameter C according to the following formula:
in the formula: c, battery flame-retardant quality parameters;
beta-a battery mass base related to the mass of the battery, and the selected value is 120 in units/g;
gamma-mass adjustment index, selecting a value of 10, unit/g;
mz-mass of flame retardant material, units/g.
(2) According to the determined flame-retardant parameters of the flame-retardant material, the flame-retardant performance is evaluated according to the following equation:
Y＝jA+kB+lC
in the formula: a-flame-retardant effect parameter, B-flame-retardant thickness parameter, C-flame-retardant quality parameter and Y-flame-retardant material evaluation score, wherein the higher the score is, the higher the flame-retardant performance level of the flame-retardant material is, and the better the flame-retardant performance is; j. k and l are respectively the weight coefficients of the flame-retardant effect, the thickness and the quality parameters, and j + k + l is 1.
A performance evaluation system of a flame retardant material for a secondary battery, comprising:
the heat calculation module is used for determining the heat Q generated by the secondary battery without the flame retardant material under the thermal runaway condition in the heat insulation environment;
the spray gun is internally provided with gas fuel, and the heat generated when the gas fuel is combusted is Q;
the memory is used for recording the usage of the gas fuel in the spray gun;
and the evaluation module is used for constructing a flame retardant property evaluation equation so as to evaluate the property of the flame retardant material.
The heat calculation module is configured to determine a heat Q by:
Q＝Cp0m0(Tm－T0)
in the formula, m0、Cp0Initial mass and specific heat capacity of the secondary battery without the flame retardant material; t is0And Tm is the initial temperature and the maximum temperature of the surface of the battery before and after overcharging the battery provided with the temperature sensor, respectively.
The number of the temperature sensors is 2-10, the temperature sensors are respectively and correspondingly arranged at 2-10 points on one surface of the secondary battery, one point is positioned at the center of one surface of the battery, and the rest points are positioned on a circumference formed by taking the center as a circle center and having a diameter larger than the distance between two sides of the secondary battery.
The temperature sensor is connected with the data processing system through a temperature acquisition device;
the temperature acquisition device comprises a signal conditioning module, a multi-path selection A/D acquisition module, a main control module and a communication module, wherein the signal conditioning module, the multi-path selection A/D acquisition module, the main control module and the communication module are sequentially connected in series.
The memory is also used for recording the temperature of the two sides when the flame-retardant material does not generate flame when the flame is sprayed to the flame-retardant material by the spray gun, the temperature difference Delta T of the two sides and the flame duration T when the flame is generated.
The evaluation module is used for determining a flame retardant performance evaluation score Y through a flame retardant performance evaluation equation of the following formula:
Y＝jA+kB+lC
in the formula: a-flame-retardant effect parameter, B-flame-retardant thickness parameter and C-flame-retardant quality parameter, wherein the higher Y is, the better flame-retardant property is; j. k and l are respectively the weight coefficients of the flame-retardant effect, the thickness and the quality parameters, and j + k + l is 1.
The evaluation module comprises:
the flame-retardant effect calculation module is used for determining a flame-retardant effect parameter A according to the temperature difference delta T of the two sides of the flame-retardant material when flame is not generated and the flame duration T when flame is generated;
a flame retardant thickness calculation module for determining a flame retardant thickness parameter B by:
in the formula: α -thickness adjustment index, unit/mm, related to the thickness of the battery; d-thickness of flame retardant material, unit/mm;
a flame retardant quality calculation module for determining a flame retardant quality parameter C by:
in the formula: beta-cell mass base related to the mass of the cell, units/g; gamma-mass adjustment index, unit/g; m isz-mass of flame retardant material, units/g.
The method for evaluating flame retardancy of the present invention will be described in further detail below by taking, as examples, a secondary battery with a length, width, height, a, b, d, 26mm and a nominal battery capacity of 10Ah, which is not filled with a flame retardant material, and 3 flame retardant materials 1, 2 and 3, wherein the gas fuel is methane;
the flame retardant property evaluation method comprises the following steps:
example one
(1) At a current multiplying power of 1C, the SOC charge state of a secondary battery without the flame retardant material is adjusted to 100% by a battery charge-discharge instrument, and m is weighed0＝234g；
(2) In the "mCp" mode, the specific heat capacity Cp of a secondary battery not equipped with a flame retardant material was measured by an adiabatic acceleration calorimeter0＝1.0121J(g·k)-1；
(3) 5 temperature sensors are arranged on the surface of the secondary battery without the flame retardant material, and are respectively arranged at 5 points P1-P5 corresponding to the upper surface of the secondary battery; p1 is the center of the battery face (ab face), P2, P3, P4 and P5 are respectively located on a circle with P1 as the center and R35 mm as the radius, P2: (-20,22), P3: (20,22), P4: (-20, -22), P5: (20, -22); the measured temperatures corresponding to points P1-P5 are respectively marked as T1-T5, and Tm is max (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5);
overcharging the secondary battery with a current multiplying power of 2C under an adiabatic environment, connecting a temperature sensor with a data processing system through a temperature acquisition device, transmitting temperature data to a computer or a mobile phone through the data acquisition system, and displaying the acquired temperature data result: t1 ═ 301.5 ℃, T2 ═ 193.3 ℃, T3 ═ 221.8 ℃, T4 ═ 254.5 ℃ and T5 ═ 418.5 ℃, so Tm ═ 418.5 ℃; wherein the initial temperature of the battery is the same as the room temperature T0Setting the temperature at 25 ℃; according to the formula Q ═ Cp0m0(Tm－T0) The heat quantity Q generated by the thermal runaway of the battery is calculated to be 93.1932 kJ.
(4) Combusting methane gas fuel, and recording the amount of the required methane gas substances when the heat is generated to be 0.126 mol;
(5) arranging temperature sensors at the center positions of two sides of 100mm flame-retardant materials 1, 2 and 3, spraying flame on one sides of the flame-retardant materials 1, 2 and 3 in an outer flame heating mode by using a spray gun filled with 0.126mol of methane gas under the pressure of 0.1MPa and the flow rate of 1ml/min, wherein when the gas release heat Q1 is 1.1Q 102.5125kJ, the flame-retardant materials 1 and 2 do not generate flame, the temperature difference between the two sides of the temperature sensors is 38 ℃ and 9 ℃, the flame-retardant material 3 generates flame, and the flame is extinguished within 30s and the burning objects drop by using a stopwatch;
wherein the thickness of the flame retardant materials 1, 2 and 3 with the dimension of 100mm x 100mm is recorded as d, and the mass is recorded as mz(ii) a The specific values are as follows:
| number of flame retardant materials | Thickness d (mm) | Mass mz(g) |
| 1 | 12.5 | 90.0 |
| 2 | 10.0 | 42.0 |
| 3 | 7.7 | 27.8 |
TABLE 1
(6) Determining flame retardant effect parameters A1-A3 of the flame retardant materials 1-3 according to the following table; to obtain
A1＝9；A2＝6；A3＝4；
TABLE 2
(7) According to the formula
Determining the flame-retardant thickness parameter B1-0.8, B2-1 and B3-1.30 of the flame-retardant material;
(8) according to the formula
Determining the quality parameters C1-3, C2-7.8 and C3-9.22 of the flame-retardant material;
(9) according to the determined flame-retardant parameters of the flame-retardant material, the flame-retardant performance is evaluated according to the following equation:
Y＝0.6A+0.2B+0.2C
to obtain: y1 ═ 6.16, Y2 ═ 5.36, and Y3 ═ 4.50.
And (4) conclusion: the flame retardant material 1 has the highest evaluation score, the highest flame retardant performance grade and the best flame retardant performance, and the flame retardant material 1 is most suitable to be used as the flame retardant material of the secondary battery, so that the danger coefficient of thermal runaway of the secondary battery is lowest.
The flame retardant performance parameters of the 3 flame retardant materials are as follows:
TABLE 3
Example two
(1) At a current multiplying power of 1C, the SOC charge state of a secondary battery without the flame retardant material is adjusted to 100% by a battery charge-discharge instrument, and m is weighed0＝457g；
(2) In the "mCp" mode, the specific heat capacity Cp of a secondary battery not equipped with a flame retardant material was measured by an adiabatic acceleration calorimeter0＝1.3827J(g·K)-1；
(3) 5 temperature sensors are arranged on the surface of the secondary battery without the flame retardant material, and are respectively arranged at 5 points P1-P5 corresponding to the upper surface of the secondary battery; p1 is the center of the battery face (ab face), P2, P3, P4 and P5 are respectively located on a circle with P1 as the center and R40 mm as the radius, P2: (-33,50), P3: (33,50), P4: (-33,50), P5: (33, -50); the measured temperatures corresponding to points P1-P5 are respectively marked as T1-T5, and Tm is max (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5);
overcharging the secondary battery with a current multiplying power of 2C under an adiabatic environment, connecting a temperature sensor with a data processing system through a temperature acquisition device, transmitting temperature data to a computer or a mobile phone through the data acquisition system, and displaying the acquired temperature data result: t1 ═ 297.6 ℃, T2 ═ 201.3 ℃, T3 ═ 195.7.8 ℃, T4 ═ 239.5 ℃ and T5 ═ 302.5 ℃, so Tm ═ 302.5 ℃; wherein the initial temperature of the battery is the same as the room temperature, and T0 is 25 ℃; the battery thermal runaway generated heat Q is 175.35kJ calculated according to the formula Q — Cp0m0 (Tm-T0).
(4) Combusting methane gas fuel, and recording the amount of the required methane gas substances when the heat is generated to be 0.197 mol;
(5) arranging temperature sensors at the center positions of two sides of 100mm flame-retardant materials 1, 2 and 3, spraying flame on one sides of the flame-retardant materials 1, 2 and 3 in an outer flame heating mode by using a spray gun filled with 0.197mol of methane gas under the pressure of 3MPa and the flow rate of 300ml/min, wherein when the gas release heat Q1 is 2.0Q 350.7kJ, the flame-retardant materials 1 and 2 do not generate flame, the temperature difference between the two sides of the temperature sensors is respectively 28 ℃ and 6 ℃, the flame-retardant material 3 generates flame, and the flame is extinguished within 30s and the burning objects drop by using a second meter;
wherein the thickness of the flame retardant materials 1, 2 and 3 with the dimension of 100mm x 100mm is recorded as d, and the mass is recorded as mz(ii) a The specific values are as follows:
| number of flame retardant materials | Thickness d (mm) | Mass mz(g) |
| 1 | 12.5 | 90.0 |
| 2 | 10.0 | 42.0 |
| 3 | 7.7 | 27.8 |
TABLE 4
(6) Determining flame retardant effect parameters A1-A3 of the flame retardant materials 1-3 according to the following table; to obtain
A1＝8；A2＝6；A3＝4；
TABLE 5
(7) According to the formula
Determining the flame-retardant thickness parameter B1-0.8, B2-1 and B3-1.30 of the flame-retardant material;
(8) according to the formula
Determining the quality parameters C1-3, C2-7.8 and C3-9.22 of the flame-retardant material;
(9) according to the determined flame-retardant parameters of the flame-retardant material, the flame-retardant performance is evaluated according to the following equation:
Y＝0.6A+0.2B+0.2C
to obtain: y1 ═ 5.56, Y2 ═ 5.36, and Y3 ═ 4.50.
And (4) conclusion: the flame retardant material 1 has the highest evaluation score, the highest flame retardant performance grade and the best flame retardant performance, and the flame retardant material 1 is most suitable to be used as the flame retardant material of the secondary battery, so that the danger coefficient of thermal runaway of the secondary battery is lowest.
The flame retardant performance parameters of the 3 flame retardant materials are as follows:
TABLE 6
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make modifications and equivalents to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is set forth in the claims of the present application.
Claims (13)
1. A method for evaluating the performance of a flame retardant material for a secondary battery, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) determining the heat quantity Q generated by a secondary battery without a flame retardant material under the thermal runaway condition in a heat insulation environment;
(2) determining the amount of combustion gas used to generate 1.1-2.0 times the heat quantity Q;
(3) combusting the flame retardant material with the amount of gas;
(4) constructing a flame retardant property evaluation equation;
the flame retardant properties were evaluated according to the following equation Y:
Y＝jA+kB+lC
in the formula: a-flame-retardant effect parameter, B-flame-retardant thickness parameter and C-flame-retardant quality parameter; j. k and l are respectively the weight coefficients of the flame retardant effect, the thickness and the quality parameters, and j + k + l is 1;
and determining a flame-retardant effect parameter A according to the temperature difference delta T of the two sides of the flame-retardant material when flame is not generated and the duration T of the flame generation.
2. The method for evaluating the performance of a flame retardant material for a secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) comprises:
1) determination of initial Mass m of Secondary Battery not provided with flame retardant Material0And specific heat capacity Cp0；
2) Overcharging the battery with a temperature sensor, and respectively recording the initial surface temperatures T of the battery before and after overcharging0And a maximum temperature Tm;
3) according to Q ═ Cp0m0(Tm－T0) The heat quantity Q is determined.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the number of the temperature sensors is 2 to 10, and the temperature sensors are respectively disposed at 2 to 10 points on one surface of the secondary battery, wherein one point is located at the center of one surface of the secondary battery, and the remaining points are located on a circle having a diameter larger than the distance between the two sides of the secondary battery, with the center being the center of the circle.
4. The method for evaluating the performance of a flame retardant material for a secondary battery according to claim 3, wherein the temperature sensor is connected to a data processing system through a temperature acquisition device;
the temperature acquisition device comprises a signal conditioning module, a multi-path selection A/D acquisition module, a main control module and a communication module, wherein the signal conditioning module, the multi-path selection A/D acquisition module, the main control module and the communication module are sequentially connected in series.
5. The method for evaluating the performance of a flame retardant material for a secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) specifically comprises:
the flame was sprayed to the flame-retardant material with a spray gun containing the amount of gaseous fuel, and the temperature on both sides of the flame-retardant material was recorded.
6. The method for evaluating performance of a flame retardant material for a secondary battery according to claim 5, wherein the pressure and flow rate of the jet flame are 0.1 to 3MPa and 1 to 300ml/min, respectively.
7. The method for evaluating performance of a flame retardant material for a secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the flame retardant thickness parameter B is determined according to the following formula:
in the formula: α -thickness adjustment index, unit/mm, related to the thickness of the battery;
d-thickness of flame retardant material, unit/mm.
8. The method for evaluating the performance of a flame retardant material for a secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the flame retardant quality parameter C is determined according to the following formula:
in the formula: beta-cell mass base related to the mass of the cell, units/g;
gamma-mass adjustment index, unit/g;
mz-mass of flame retardant material, units/g.
9. A performance evaluation system of a flame retardant material for a secondary battery, characterized by comprising:
the heat calculation module is used for determining the heat Q generated by the secondary battery without the flame retardant material under the thermal runaway condition in the heat insulation environment;
the spray gun is internally provided with gas fuel, and the heat generated when the gas fuel is combusted is Q;
the memory is used for recording the usage of the gas fuel in the spray gun;
the evaluation module is used for constructing a flame retardant property evaluation equation so as to evaluate the property of the flame retardant material; an evaluation module for determining a flame retardant performance evaluation score Y by a flame retardant performance evaluation equation of the formula:
Y＝jA+kB+lC
in the formula: a-flame-retardant effect parameter, B-flame-retardant thickness parameter and C-flame-retardant quality parameter, wherein the higher Y is, the better flame-retardant property is; j. k and l are respectively the weight coefficients of the flame retardant effect, the thickness and the quality parameters, and j + k + l is 1;
the evaluation module comprises:
the flame-retardant effect calculation module is used for determining a flame-retardant effect parameter A according to the temperature difference delta T of the two sides of the flame-retardant material when flame is not generated and the flame duration T when flame is generated;
a flame retardant thickness calculation module for determining a flame retardant thickness parameter B by:
in the formula: α -thickness adjustment index, unit/mm, related to the thickness of the battery; d-thickness of flame retardant material, unit/mm;
a flame retardant quality calculation module for determining a flame retardant quality parameter C by:
in the formula: beta-cell mass base related to the mass of the cell, units/g; gamma-mass adjustment index, unit/g; mz-flame retardant material mass, unit/g.
10. The system for evaluating performance of a flame retardant material for a secondary battery according to claim 9, wherein the heat quantity calculation module is configured to determine the heat quantity Q by:
Q＝Cp0m0(Tm－T0)
wherein m0 and Cp0 represent the initial mass and specific heat capacity, respectively, of a secondary battery not provided with a flame retardant material; t0 and Tm are the initial temperature and the maximum temperature of the surface of the battery before and after overcharging the battery equipped with the temperature sensor, respectively.
11. The system for evaluating performance of a fire retardant material for a secondary battery according to claim 10, wherein the number of said temperature sensors is 2-10, and the temperature sensors are respectively disposed at 2-10 points on one side of the secondary battery, one of the points being located at the center of one side of said battery, and the remaining points being located on a circumference formed by a distance larger than the distance between both sides of the secondary battery with said center as the center.
12. The system for evaluating the performance of a fire retardant material for a secondary battery according to claim 11, wherein said temperature sensor is connected to a data processing system through a temperature acquisition device;
the temperature acquisition device comprises a signal conditioning module, a multi-path selection A/D acquisition module, a main control module and a communication module, wherein the signal conditioning module, the multi-path selection A/D acquisition module, the main control module and the communication module are sequentially connected in series.
13. The system for evaluating the performance of a fire retardant material for a secondary battery according to claim 9, wherein the memory is further configured to record the temperatures of both sides when the fire retardant material does not generate a flame, the temperature difference Δ T of both sides, and the duration T of the flame when the flame is generated when the flame is sprayed to the fire retardant material by the spray gun.
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