CN107329089B - Method and device for evaluating explosion propagation influence of rigid packaging lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Method and device for evaluating explosion propagation influence of rigid packaging lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
Abstract
A method and a device for evaluating explosion propagation influence of a rigidly packaged lithium ion battery comprise the steps of charging a battery to be tested comprising at least two lithium ion batteries to one of the batteries for explosion at a constant current; the tested batteries are sequentially placed at intervals in a direction perpendicular to the pole pieces; recording the pressure change of the explosion on the surrounding environment; calculating the overpressure of the shock wave according to the pressure of the explosion on the surrounding environment; performing a step pulse test and a capacity attenuation test on the unexploded battery; and evaluating the safety level of the non-explosion battery after the explosion impact according to the overpressure of the shock wave generated by the explosion on the surrounding environment and the test result of the non-explosion battery. The technical scheme provided by the invention represents the whole explosion process by pressure and temperature, has simple and convenient method and easy realization, and combines electrochemical equipment to detect the safety state of the passive battery and evaluate the safety state grade.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium ion battery safety, in particular to a method and a device for evaluating explosion propagation influence of a rigidly packaged lithium ion battery.
Background
With the increasing scientific and technological level and the concept of green life of people, energy is used as the main power for the development of the traction era, and the production form of original roughness, high pollution and high consumption is changed to the direction of more fineness, cleaner and more environmental protection. The 21 st century is regarded as a "new energy era", and technological progress and life convenience brought by energy revolution have been brought forward.
As a storage and transfer device of novel energy, the lithium ion battery has a series of advantages of high energy density, high power characteristic, environmental protection and the like. In recent years, the application of lithium ion batteries has been gradually expanded from portable electronic devices to large-scale energy storage facilities such as Electric Vehicles (EVs), backup batteries and grid energy storage systems. Particularly in the field of electric automobiles, the lithium ion battery is greatly developed on the electric automobiles due to the rapid development of new energy automobiles, but the safety accidents are increasingly highlighted along with the increase of the reserved quantity of the electric automobiles and the loading capacity of the whole automobiles.
Lithium ion batteries, as a closed, high energy density electrochemical system, are prone to danger and thermal runaway under certain extreme conditions (e.g., overcharge, high temperature). The thermal runaway process of a battery is an irreversible process in which energy is released in a very short time, the internal and surface temperatures of the battery suddenly rise to several hundred degrees during the process, the battery completes the release of energy in the form of combustion or explosion, and finally the structure of the battery is damaged and the electrical property is lost. In the battery system, the safety of the unit battery is important. However, if a certain single battery is dangerous, the chain explosion of other batteries of the same battery pack caused by the explosion of the single battery or the damage and damage to the battery cannot be ignored. Once the explosion of the battery is propagated, the entire battery pack or the entire battery system may explode.
When explosion of the single battery is unavoidable, all measures should be taken to prevent the lithium ion battery from the chain explosion phenomenon. Here, a Battery that is exploded by external excitation (charging, needling, heating, etc.) is referred to as an active Battery (IB), and a Battery that is exploded or damaged by explosion of the active Battery is referred to as a Passive Battery (PB). In order to effectively suppress the chain explosion Of the battery and make effective protection measures, it is necessary to correctly evaluate the destructive power generated by the active battery and the energy disturbance to the surrounding batteries and accurately grasp the State Of Safety (SOS) Of the passive battery, i.e., the performance degradation or damage State Of the passive battery.
The existing lithium ion battery explosion research method is only limited to description of some physical behaviors of the exploded battery, the attenuation state and the damage level of the passive battery are not evaluated, and then the protection scheme of the passive battery and surrounding facilities and personnel cannot be established in a targeted manner.
Therefore, an evaluation method for accurately describing and evaluating the explosion chain reaction of the lithium ion battery and the damage and influence of the lithium ion battery on the periphery is found, so that the rapid and targeted establishment of a protection scheme for the passive battery, surrounding facilities and personnel is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for evaluating explosion propagation effect of a rigidly packaged lithium ion battery, comprising:
charging a battery to be tested comprising at least two lithium ion batteries in a constant current manner until one battery explodes; the tested batteries are sequentially placed at intervals in a direction perpendicular to the pole pieces;
recording the pressure change of the explosion to the surrounding environment, and calculating the overpressure of the shock wave;
performing a step pulse test and a capacity attenuation test on the unexploded battery;
and evaluating the safety level of the non-explosion battery after the explosion impact according to the overpressure of the shock wave generated by the explosion on the surrounding environment and the test result of the non-explosion battery.
Preferably, the recording of the pressure change caused by the explosion to the surrounding environment comprises: and collecting pressure change in the explosion process by using a pressure sensor.
Preferably, the shock wave overpressure Δ P is calculated as:
wherein q is the TNT equivalent, i.e., the mass of TNT required to release the same amount of energy; r: the distance from the explosion of the battery.
Preferably, q is calculated as:
wherein E represents the explosion energy;
the explosion energy E is calculated as follows:
wherein P is the absolute pressure of the gas; MPa; v is the cell volume; and k is the gas adiabatic index, namely the ratio of constant-pressure hot melting and constant-volume heat capacity of the gas.
Preferably, the constant current charging of the battery to be tested is as follows: and charging the battery at M multiplying power, wherein M is 2C-5C.
Preferably, before the constant current charging of the battery to be tested, the method further comprises:
and adjusting the charge state of the lithium ion battery to be 100% by using the G multiplying power, wherein G is 0.2-2C.
Preferably, during the capacity fading test, the battery is discharged to cut-off voltage at x multiplying power, then the battery is circulated for n times at x multiplying power, and the average value of the charge and discharge capacities of n times is taken as the actual capacity;
the values of x are as follows: x is 0.2-2C;
the values of n are as follows: n is more than or equal to 2.
Preferably, the evaluating the safety rating of the non-explosive battery after the explosion impact includes:
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is less than 1 percent and the shock wave delta P borne by the battery is less than 5Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is A1, and attenuation does not occur;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is less than 1 percent and the shock wave 5Mpa which is borne by the battery is less than or equal to delta P which is less than 10Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is A2 and no attenuation occurs;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is less than 1 percent and the shock wave borne by the battery is not less than 10Mpa and not more than delta P is less than 20Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is A3 and no attenuation occurs;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is less than 1 percent and the shock wave applied to the battery is not more than 20Mpa and not more than delta P, the safety state of the unexploded battery is A4 and no attenuation occurs;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 1% and less than 5%, and the shock wave delta P borne by the battery is less than 5Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is B1, and the battery is attenuated by a small amplitude;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 1% and less than 5%, and the shock wave 5Mpa and more than or equal to delta P and less than 10Mpa borne by the battery, the safety state of the unexploded battery is B2, and the battery is attenuated by a small amplitude;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 1% and less than 5%, and the shock wave borne by the battery is more than or equal to 10Mpa and less than 20Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is B3, and the battery is attenuated by a small amplitude;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 1% and less than or equal to 5%, and the shock wave borne by the battery is more than or equal to 20Mpa and less than or equal to delta P, the safety state of the unexploded battery is B4, and the battery is attenuated by a small amplitude;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 5% and H is less than 40%, and the shock wave delta P borne by the battery is less than 5Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is C1, and the battery is obviously attenuated;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 5% and less than 40%, and the shock wave 5Mpa and more than or equal to delta P and less than 10Mpa borne by the battery, the safety state of the unexploded battery is C2, and the battery is obviously attenuated;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 5% and less than 40%, and the shock wave borne by the battery is more than or equal to 10Mpa and less than 20Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is C3, and the battery is obviously attenuated;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 5% and less than 40%, and the shock wave borne by the battery is more than or equal to 20Mpa and less than or equal to delta P, the safety state of the unexploded battery is C4, and the battery is obviously attenuated;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is more than 40 percent and the shock wave delta P of the battery is less than 5Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is D1, and the battery is greatly attenuated;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is more than 40 percent and the shock wave 5Mpa which is borne by the battery is less than or equal to delta P which is less than 10Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is D2, and the battery is greatly attenuated;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is more than 40 percent and the shock wave borne by the battery is not less than 10Mpa and not more than delta P is less than 20Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is D3, and the battery is greatly attenuated;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is more than 40 percent and the shock wave of the battery is less than or equal to 20Mpa and delta P, the safety state of the unexploded battery is D4, and the battery is greatly attenuated.
Preferably, the capacity fade width H of the unexploded battery is calculated as follows:
wherein, the C0Is the initial capacity of an unexploded battery, C1The actual capacity of the unexploded battery after explosion impact.
A rigidly packaged lithium ion battery explosion propagation impact evaluation device, the device comprising: the device comprises a charging device, a pressure sensor, a testing device and a rating device;
the charging equipment is used for charging the battery to be tested comprising at least two lithium ion batteries to one battery for explosion in a constant current manner; the tested batteries are sequentially placed at intervals in a direction perpendicular to the pole pieces;
the pressure sensor is used for recording pressure change of explosion on the surrounding environment and calculating overpressure of shock waves;
the test equipment is used for carrying out step pulse test and capacity attenuation test on the unexploded battery;
and the rating device is used for evaluating the safety level of the non-explosion battery after the explosion impact according to the overpressure of the shock wave generated by the explosion to the surrounding environment and the test result of the non-explosion battery.
Preferably, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the charging device are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery to be tested;
the charging equipment is used for charging the battery to be tested to explosion by M multiplying power;
and the value of M is 2C-5C multiplying power.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) a novel method for evaluating the explosion propagation influence of a rigidly packaged lithium ion battery is provided, and the energy disturbance generated by battery explosion and the influence on surrounding batteries are measured from the aspects of gas dynamics and chemical thermodynamics.
(2) The explosion process of the lithium ion battery is very short, the behavior and the generated influence of the lithium ion battery cannot be accurately represented by a common method, the whole explosion process is represented by pressure and temperature, and the method is simple and convenient and is easy to implement.
(3) And detecting the safety state of the passive battery according to the gas parameters and the temperature distribution after explosion and by combining electrochemical equipment, describing the safety state and evaluating the safety state grade.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery explosion propagation testing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the step characteristic and internal resistance test of the battery of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cell capacity fade test of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the battery explosion propagation testing device with an infrared thermal imaging device according to the present invention;
the method comprises the following steps of 1-a battery to be detected, 2-a pressure sensor, 3-charging and discharging equipment, 4-initial capacity, 5-charging capacity, 6-discharging capacity and 7-infrared thermal imaging equipment.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention is described below with reference to three batteries to be tested.
The impact of explosion propagation was evaluated for a rigidly packaged ternary system lithium ion battery, shown in fig. 1, with a nominal capacity of 9Ah, cubic. The method mainly comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: three rigidly packaged lithium ion batteries are regulated to have the SOC of 100 percent by multiplying power of 0.2-2C, are respectively numbered A, B, C, and are arranged in the direction vertical to the pole pieces, and the battery interval is 5-8 mm.
Step two: the battery was charged to explosion with a 2C-5C rate battery. Erecting a pressure sensor with a distance L from the center of the battery2200 mm-. The absolute pressure generated by the explosion was recorded at 131.25 Kpa.
Step three: according to the explosion energy calculation formula (1), the energy generated by explosion is calculated to be 0.9J.
And converting the explosion energy into TNT equivalent of 2 x 10 according to the formula (2)‐7kg。
And calculating according to the formula (3) to obtain the shock wave overpressure delta P of 22.80MPa which is 5mm away from the explosion center of the battery.
Step four: step pulse test and capacity attenuation test of unexploded battery
As shown in fig. 2, the battery is not exploded, a step pulse test is performed on the battery, the test pulse current is 1/3C-1/2C, the battery is kept still for 1h after a single pulse is finished, when the capacity test is performed, the battery is discharged to cut-off voltage at 0.2-2C multiplying power, 5 times of circulation are performed at 0.2-2C multiplying power, the average value of the charging and discharging capacities of 5 times is taken as the actual capacity, and the actual capacity of the test battery is 9.834 Ah.
As shown in fig. 3, the passive cell capacity fade amplitude is calculated as follows:
in the formula, C0: an initial capacity; c1: the actual capacity.
Step five: the safety rating of the non-exploded battery after the explosion impact was assessed:
H＝(10-9.834)/10＝1.66％，1％<H<5％，ΔP＝22.80Mpa。
the battery safety rating was rated B4.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a device for evaluating the explosion propagation influence of the rigid packaging lithium ion battery, the implementation of the devices is similar to the principle of a method for evaluating the explosion propagation influence of the rigid packaging lithium ion battery, and repeated parts are not repeated.
The apparatus may include: the device comprises charging and discharging equipment, a pressure sensor, testing equipment and rating equipment;
the charging equipment is used for charging the battery to be tested comprising at least two lithium ion batteries in a constant current manner until one battery explodes; the tested batteries are sequentially arranged at intervals in the direction vertical to the pole pieces;
the pressure sensor is used for recording pressure change of the explosion on the surrounding environment and calculating overpressure of the shock wave;
the test equipment is used for carrying out step pulse test and capacity attenuation test on the unexploded battery;
and the rating device is used for evaluating the safety level of the non-explosion battery after the explosion impact according to the overpressure of the shock wave generated by the explosion to the surrounding environment and the test result of the non-explosion battery.
In specific implementation, at least two (for example, 2, 3, 5 or more) batteries are arranged at intervals;
the positive and negative electrodes of the charge and discharge equipment are respectively connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the battery to be tested;
the pressure sensors are respectively arranged at a distance L from the center of the battery to be tested2For testing pressure variations generated by the explosion;
the charging and discharging equipment is used for charging the battery to be tested to explosion by M multiplying power; wherein, the value of M is 2C-5C multiplying power.
The pressure sensor is used for testing the distance L from the center of the tested battery2The pressure change caused by the explosion at the location of (a);
the safety grade evaluation module comprises a battery attenuation amplitude calculation module and a grade setting submodule;
the battery capacity attenuation amplitude calculation module calculates the battery attenuation amplitude H according to the following formula:
in the formula, C0: an initial capacity; c1: the actual capacity.
The safety rating of the grade setting submodule on the rigid packaging lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is less than 1 percent and the shock wave delta P borne by the battery is less than 5Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is A1, and attenuation does not occur;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is less than 1 percent and the shock wave 5Mpa which is borne by the battery is less than or equal to delta P which is less than 10Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is A2 and no attenuation occurs;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is less than 1 percent and the shock wave borne by the battery is not less than 10Mpa and not more than delta P is less than 20Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is A3 and no attenuation occurs;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is less than 1 percent and the shock wave applied to the battery is not more than 20Mpa and not more than delta P, the safety state of the unexploded battery is A4 and no attenuation occurs;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 1% and less than 5%, and the shock wave delta P borne by the battery is less than 5Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is B1, and the battery is attenuated by a small amplitude;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 1% and less than 5%, and the shock wave 5Mpa and more than or equal to delta P and less than 10Mpa borne by the battery, the safety state of the unexploded battery is B2, and the battery is attenuated by a small amplitude;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 1% and less than 5%, and the shock wave borne by the battery is more than or equal to 10Mpa and less than 20Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is B3, and the battery is attenuated by a small amplitude;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 1% and less than or equal to 5%, and the shock wave borne by the battery is more than or equal to 20Mpa and less than or equal to delta P, the safety state of the unexploded battery is B4, and the battery is attenuated by a small amplitude;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 5% and H is less than 40%, and the shock wave delta P borne by the battery is less than 5Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is C1, and the battery is obviously attenuated;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 5% and less than 40%, and the shock wave 5Mpa and more than or equal to delta P and less than 10Mpa borne by the battery, the safety state of the unexploded battery is C2, and the battery is obviously attenuated;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 5% and less than 40%, and the shock wave borne by the battery is more than or equal to 10Mpa and less than 20Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is C3, and the battery is obviously attenuated;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 5% and less than 40%, and the shock wave borne by the battery is more than or equal to 20Mpa and less than or equal to delta P, the safety state of the unexploded battery is C4, and the battery is obviously attenuated;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is more than 40 percent and the shock wave delta P of the battery is less than 5Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is D1, and the battery is greatly attenuated;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is more than 40 percent and the shock wave 5Mpa which is borne by the battery is less than or equal to delta P which is less than 10Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is D2, and the battery is greatly attenuated;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is more than 40 percent and the shock wave borne by the battery is not less than 10Mpa and not more than delta P is less than 20Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is D3, and the battery is greatly attenuated;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is more than 40 percent and the shock wave of the battery is less than or equal to 20Mpa and delta P, the safety state of the unexploded battery is D4, and the battery is greatly attenuated.
When the battery explodes, the safety level of the exploded battery is E.
In particular, as shown in fig. 4, the explosion propagation influence evaluation apparatus for a rigidly packaged lithium ion battery may further include an infrared thermal imaging device for recording temperature distribution and changes during an explosion process.
The infrared image input end of the infrared thermal imaging device can be arranged at a position L1 away from the center of the battery, and the output end of the infrared thermal imaging device outputs an infrared spectrum of temperature distribution before and after explosion.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the scope of the claims of the present invention which are filed as the application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for evaluating explosion propagation influence of a rigidly packaged lithium ion battery, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
charging a battery to be tested comprising at least two lithium ion batteries in a constant current manner until one battery explodes; the tested batteries are sequentially placed at intervals in a direction perpendicular to the pole pieces;
recording the pressure change of the explosion to the surrounding environment, and calculating the overpressure of the shock wave;
performing a step pulse test and a capacity attenuation test on the unexploded battery;
according to the overpressure of the shock wave generated by the explosion to the surrounding environment and the test result of the battery which is not exploded, evaluating the safety level of the battery which is not exploded after the explosion impact;
the method for evaluating the safety level of the battery without explosion after the explosion impact comprises the following steps:
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is less than 1 percent and the shock wave delta P borne by the battery is less than 5Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is A1, and attenuation does not occur;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is less than 1 percent and the shock wave 5Mpa which is borne by the battery is less than or equal to delta P which is less than 10Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is A2 and no attenuation occurs;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is less than 1 percent and the shock wave borne by the battery is not less than 10Mpa and not more than delta P is less than 20Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is A3 and no attenuation occurs;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is less than 1 percent and the shock wave applied to the battery is not more than 20Mpa and not more than delta P, the safety state of the unexploded battery is A4 and no attenuation occurs;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 1% and less than 5%, and the shock wave delta P borne by the battery is less than 5Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is B1, and the battery is attenuated by a small amplitude;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 1% and less than 5%, and the shock wave 5Mpa and more than or equal to delta P and less than 10Mpa borne by the battery, the safety state of the unexploded battery is B2, and the battery is attenuated by a small amplitude;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 1% and less than 5%, and the shock wave borne by the battery is more than or equal to 10Mpa and less than 20Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is B3, and the battery is attenuated by a small amplitude;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 1% and less than or equal to 5%, and the shock wave borne by the battery is more than or equal to 20Mpa and less than or equal to delta P, the safety state of the unexploded battery is B4, and the battery is attenuated by a small amplitude;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 5% and H is less than 40%, and the shock wave delta P borne by the battery is less than 5Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is C1, and the battery is obviously attenuated;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 5% and less than 40%, and the shock wave 5Mpa and more than or equal to delta P and less than 10Mpa borne by the battery, the safety state of the unexploded battery is C2, and the battery is obviously attenuated;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 5% and less than 40%, and the shock wave borne by the battery is more than or equal to 10Mpa and less than 20Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is C3, and the battery is obviously attenuated;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 5% and less than 40%, and the shock wave borne by the battery is more than or equal to 20Mpa and less than or equal to delta P, the safety state of the unexploded battery is C4, and the battery is obviously attenuated;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is more than 40 percent and the shock wave delta P of the battery is less than 5Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is D1, and the battery is greatly attenuated;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is more than 40 percent and the shock wave 5Mpa which is borne by the battery is less than or equal to delta P which is less than 10Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is D2, and the battery is greatly attenuated;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is more than 40 percent and the shock wave borne by the battery is not less than 10Mpa and not more than delta P is less than 20Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is D3, and the battery is greatly attenuated;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is more than 40 percent and the shock wave of the battery is less than or equal to 20Mpa and delta P, the safety state of the unexploded battery is D4, and the battery is greatly attenuated.
2. The method for evaluating the explosion propagation effect of a rigidly packaged lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the recording of the pressure change of the explosion on the surrounding environment comprises: and collecting pressure change in the explosion process by using a pressure sensor.
3. The method for evaluating the impact on explosion propagation of a rigidly packaged lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the shock wave overpressure Δ Ρ is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein q is the TNT equivalent, i.e., the mass of TNT required to release the same amount of energy; r: the distance from the explosion of the battery.
4. The method for evaluating the explosion propagation impact of a rigidly packaged lithium ion battery according to claim 3, wherein q is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein E represents the explosion energy;
the explosion energy E is calculated as follows:
wherein P is the absolute pressure of the gas; MPa; v is the cell volume; m is3(ii) a And k is the gas adiabatic index, namely the ratio of constant-pressure hot melting and constant-volume heat capacity of the gas.
5. The method for evaluating the explosion propagation influence of the rigidly packaged lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the constant current charging of the battery to be tested comprises: and charging the battery at M multiplying power, wherein M is 2C-5C.
6. The method for evaluating the explosion propagation influence of the rigidly packaged lithium ion battery according to claim 5, further comprising, before the constant current charging of the battery to be tested:
and adjusting the charge state of the lithium ion battery to be 100% by using the G multiplying power, wherein G is 0.2-2C.
7. The method for evaluating the influence of explosion propagation of a rigidly packaged lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein during the capacity fading test, the unexploded battery is discharged to the cut-off voltage at x multiplying power, and then is cycled for n times at x multiplying power, and the average value of the charge and discharge capacity of n times is taken as the actual capacity of the unexploded battery;
the values of x are as follows: x is 0.2-2C;
the values of n are as follows: n is more than or equal to 2.
8. The method for evaluating the explosion propagation influence of the rigidly packaged lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery obtained by the capacity attenuation test is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, the C0Is the initial capacity of an unexploded battery, C1The actual capacity of the unexploded battery.
9. An apparatus for evaluating explosion propagation effects of a rigidly packaged lithium ion battery, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a charging device, a pressure sensor, a testing device and a rating device;
the charging equipment is used for charging the battery to be tested comprising at least two lithium ion batteries to one battery for explosion in a constant current manner; the tested batteries are sequentially placed at intervals in a direction perpendicular to the pole pieces;
the pressure sensor is used for recording pressure change of explosion on the surrounding environment and calculating overpressure of shock waves;
the test equipment is used for carrying out step pulse test and capacity attenuation test on the unexploded battery;
the grading equipment is used for evaluating the safety level of the battery which is not exploded after explosion impact according to the overpressure of the shock wave generated by the explosion on the surrounding environment and the test result of the battery which is not exploded;
the rating device comprises a grade setting submodule;
the grade setting submodule evaluates the safety grade of the rigid packaging lithium ion battery, and comprises the following steps: when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is less than 1 percent and the shock wave delta P borne by the battery is less than 5Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is A1, and attenuation does not occur;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is less than 1 percent and the shock wave 5Mpa which is borne by the battery is less than or equal to delta P which is less than 10Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is A2 and no attenuation occurs;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is less than 1 percent and the shock wave borne by the battery is not less than 10Mpa and not more than delta P is less than 20Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is A3 and no attenuation occurs;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is less than 1 percent and the shock wave applied to the battery is not more than 20Mpa and not more than delta P, the safety state of the unexploded battery is A4 and no attenuation occurs;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 1% and less than 5%, and the shock wave delta P borne by the battery is less than 5Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is B1, and the battery is attenuated by a small amplitude;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 1% and less than 5%, and the shock wave 5Mpa and more than or equal to delta P and less than 10Mpa borne by the battery, the safety state of the unexploded battery is B2, and the battery is attenuated by a small amplitude;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 1% and less than 5%, and the shock wave borne by the battery is more than or equal to 10Mpa and less than 20Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is B3, and the battery is attenuated by a small amplitude;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 1% and less than or equal to 5%, and the shock wave borne by the battery is more than or equal to 20Mpa and less than or equal to delta P, the safety state of the unexploded battery is B4, and the battery is attenuated by a small amplitude;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 5% and H is less than 40%, and the shock wave delta P borne by the battery is less than 5Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is C1, and the battery is obviously attenuated;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 5% and less than 40%, and the shock wave 5Mpa and more than or equal to delta P and less than 10Mpa borne by the battery, the safety state of the unexploded battery is C2, and the battery is obviously attenuated;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 5% and less than 40%, and the shock wave borne by the battery is more than or equal to 10Mpa and less than 20Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is C3, and the battery is obviously attenuated;
when the attenuation amplitude of the capacity of the unexploded battery is more than or equal to 5% and less than 40%, and the shock wave borne by the battery is more than or equal to 20Mpa and less than or equal to delta P, the safety state of the unexploded battery is C4, and the battery is obviously attenuated;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is more than 40 percent and the shock wave delta P of the battery is less than 5Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is D1, and the battery is greatly attenuated;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is more than 40 percent and the shock wave 5Mpa which is borne by the battery is less than or equal to delta P which is less than 10Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is D2, and the battery is greatly attenuated;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is more than 40 percent and the shock wave borne by the battery is not less than 10Mpa and not more than delta P is less than 20Mpa, the safety state of the unexploded battery is D3, and the battery is greatly attenuated;
when the capacity attenuation amplitude H of the unexploded battery is more than 40 percent and the shock wave of the battery is less than or equal to 20Mpa and delta P, the safety state of the unexploded battery is D4, and the battery is greatly attenuated.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the charging device are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery under test;
the charging equipment is used for charging the battery to be tested to explosion by M multiplying power;
the value of M is 2C-5C.
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| CN113871734B (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2023-03-21 | 军事科学院系统工程研究院军事新能源技术研究所 | System for carrying out safety test on methanol fuel cell stack and methanol fuel tank |
| CN113804855B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2024-02-27 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Method and system for measuring overpressure of explosion shock waves of battery |
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