CN107215046B - Three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite sound insulation material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite sound insulation material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107215046B CN107215046B CN201710469700.9A CN201710469700A CN107215046B CN 107215046 B CN107215046 B CN 107215046B CN 201710469700 A CN201710469700 A CN 201710469700A CN 107215046 B CN107215046 B CN 107215046B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- fiber
- sheath
- composite fiber
- nanofiber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/12—Conjugate fibres, e.g. core/sheath or side-by-side
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of functional composite materials, and discloses a three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite sound insulation material and a preparation method thereof. The composite sound insulation material is composed of a composite fiber functional layer consisting of a three-dimensional curled sheath-core composite fiber layer and a nanofiber layer, and surface layer protective layers on the upper surface and the lower surface. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a skin-core composite fiber layer with a permanent 3D curled structure, and then preparing a nanofiber layer by adopting an electrostatic spinning process; and compounding the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber layer and the nanofiber layer, and compounding a surface protective layer on the surface of the composite fiber layer to obtain the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite sound insulation material. The composite sound insulation material has excellent sound absorption and insulation performance, and the absorption coefficient of the composite sound insulation material to a 500Hz sound source reaches more than 0.3, and the absorption coefficient of the composite sound insulation material to a 1000Hz sound source reaches more than 0.6.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of functional composite materials, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite sound insulation material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Noise pollution has become a modern global environmental problem, and is listed as four major worldwide pollutants, together with atmospheric pollution, water pollution and solid waste pollution. With the development of economy and science and technology, agriculture and industry tend to be mechanized more and more, and the transportation industry is developed more and more, but meanwhile, noise pollution is more and more serious. People have increasingly demanded sound-absorbing and sound-insulating materials and have increasingly high requirements on the performance of the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating materials, and particularly in the fields of buildings and automobiles, the market of the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating materials is continuously developed. The automobile sound insulation product has the main functions of sound insulation, vibration reduction and heat preservation in the field of automobiles. The main raw materials used by the sound insulation product are various natural fibers and synthetic fibers, and part of hot melt powder or hot melt fibers is added to process the sound insulation product. However, such an acoustic felt has a general sound absorbing and insulating effect. The sound insulation material is mainly applied to sound insulation boards, sound insulation walls, sealing rings and the like in building engineering, and is made of materials such as expanded perlite, mineral fiber, foamed plastic and the like. The tradition is inhaled sound insulation material and is mostly hot melt fibre, mineral fiber and the foamed plastic etc. of micron order, and its hole is great, is unfavorable for inhaling the absorption of sound insulation material to the low frequency region noise, has restricted the using widely of relevant syllable-dividing product.
The electrostatic spinning is a simple and flexible spinning method for preparing fibers with diameters of dozens to hundreds of nanometers, and the basic principle is as follows: the polymer solution or melt at the outlet of the capillary and the liquid local point on the free surface are deformed into a Taylor cone under the action of a high-voltage electrostatic field, when the electrostatic repulsive force exceeds the surface tension of the liquid drop, a trickle is formed at the top end of the Taylor cone and is further stretched in the motion of the electric field, and simultaneously, the nanofiber is obtained along with the volatilization of the solvent (or the cooling of the melt). The nanofiber obtained by electrostatic spinning has the advantages of extremely small diameter, high porosity, extremely large specific surface area, potential excellent filtering efficiency and the like, and the characteristics enable the nanofiber to have important application in the fields of biomedicine, military industry, filtering and noise reduction.
The three-dimensional crimped fiber has a permanent three-dimensional crimped structure, and the fiber stack structure non-woven fabric material formed by the three-dimensional crimped fiber has a 3D structure with fluffy and repeatable elasticity, and is a new material for replacing the traditional polyurethane foam at present.
The earliest composite fibers can be traced back to more than one hundred years, and the German T Brunfout uses a double-component glass fiber made of glass fiber, namely 'angel hair', and two kinds of glass with different expansion coefficients are used as raw materials, and natural curling is formed after instantaneous condensation forming. And then, based on the inspired positive and partial cortex peculiar to wool structure, since the fortieth years of the last century, mankind began to produce organic side-by-side bicomponent fibers with permanent crimp and elasticity by the composite spinning technique. Another type of fiber that can be formed into permanent crimp is the sheath-core type of composite fiber, which is commonly referred to as single core, and sometimes also includes composite fibers having a smaller number of cores, such as two cores, three cores, etc. Further, the core portion can be subdivided into a concentric type and an eccentric type according to the distribution of the core portion in the cross section of the composite fiber. For example, a composite fiber with PET as a core and PA6 as a sheath has the characteristics of good hygroscopicity, strong wear resistance, excellent dyeability, higher modulus and good crease resistance. If the fiber is eccentric sheath-core composite fiber, after stretching, relaxation and heat setting, the fiber can generate permanent spiral crimp without elastic treatment due to different shrinkage rates of PET and PA 6. The different sheath-core composite proportions and eccentric structures are different, and the three-dimensional crimp structures of the obtained fibers are also different.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite sound insulation material.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite sound insulation material.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the composite sound insulation material is composed of a composite fiber functional layer C and surface layer protective layers D, wherein the composite fiber functional layer C is composed of a three-dimensional crimped skin-core composite fiber layer A and a nanofiber layer B, and the surface layer protective layers D are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the composite fiber functional layer C.
The gram weight of the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber layer is 20-100 g/m 2 The gram weight of the nanofiber layer is 0.5-20 g/m 2 The gram weight of the surface layer protective layer is 10-80 g/m 2 Spun-bonded, hot-rolled or hot-air nonwovens.
Preferably, the composite sound insulation material is obtained by superposing a plurality of composite fiber layers and surface layer protective layers on the upper surface and the lower surface; the gram weight of the composite sound insulation material is 100-500 g/m 2 。
The curling structures of the sheath-core composite fibers in the three-dimensional curling sheath-core composite fiber layer comprise Z-shaped, spiral, wavy and other curling structures; the diameter of the sheath-core composite fiber is 1-50 μm. The arrangement mode of the sheath-core composite fibers in the fiber layer is horizontal orientation arrangement, vertical orientation arrangement or any angle (alpha) orientation arrangement between the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a Z-shaped, spiral, wavy crimped fiber according to the present invention; fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the sheath-core composite fiber arranged in a fiber layer at a certain angle.
The diameter of the fiber in the nanofiber layer is 10-1000 nm, and the nanofiber layer contains a one-dimensional oriented, two-dimensional oriented or non-oriented structure.
The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber is composed of a sheath layer and a core layer, wherein the sheath layer and the core layer can be made of the same polymer or different polymers with different molecular weights, and the polymers include but are not limited to polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polyurethane (PU), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polyester, copolyester, copolyamide, polyamide, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polyolefin copolymer and the like; the core layer may also be a liquid or a gas, including but not limited to ionic liquids, liquid low molecular weight aliphatic alkanes, low molecular weight liquid PEG, silicone oils, water, oils, air, nitrogen, liquid fragrances, inert gases, and the like.
The nanofiber layer material includes, but is not limited to, one or two mixed polymers of polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyurethane (PU), polyester (PET), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), polyamide, copolyamide, polyolefin elastomer, and the like.
The surface protective layer material includes but is not limited to polyester, polyolefin, nylon, polylactic acid, polyolefin elastomer, copolyester, copolyamide and other polymers.
The preparation method of the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite sound insulation material comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) Preparing a three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber layer: preparing a non-woven fabric structure by a double-screw or single-screw and plunger pump device through a spun-bonding or spun-bonding and spunlace or needle punching process; or preparing filament by spinning process, cutting into short fiber, carding, forming web, and making into fiber aggregate structure by needling, spunlace or hot air bonding process; or the filament is firstly prepared by the spinning process and then the cloth-shaped structure is obtained by warp and weft weaving or knitting; or the filament is prepared through the spinning process, and then is cut into short fiber, and after the short fiber is carded and doubled into yarn, the cloth-shaped structure is obtained through warp and weft knitting or knitting; then the structure is post-processed under the action of heat, machinery or water vapor to form a permanent 3D curled structure, or the fiber directly obtains a certain curled structure during molding;
(2) Preparing a nanofiber layer by adopting an electrostatic spinning process;
preferably, the electrospinning comprises needle electrospinning, free surface electrospinning, centrifugal electrospinning or melt-blown electrospinning.
Preferably, the nanofiber material for electrospinning can be in the form of a solution or a melt, wherein the effective mass concentration of the nanofiber material in the solution is in the range of 5% to 50%.
(3) And compounding the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber layer and the nanofiber layer to obtain a composite fiber functional layer, and compounding a surface protective layer on the surface of the composite fiber functional layer to obtain the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite sound insulation material.
Preferably, the nanofiber layer may be combined with a three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber layer in a web layer formed by carding short fibers, or may be combined in a state where the sheath-core composite fibers are formed into a cloth or non-woven fabric.
Preferably, the composite fiber functional layer formed by the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber layer and the nanofiber layer can be two or more layers in different forms such as ABAB, AABB, AAAABB and the like.
The composite sound insulation material has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) The composite sound insulation material obtained by the invention has excellent sound absorption and insulation performance, the absorption coefficient of the composite sound insulation material to a 500Hz sound source reaches more than 0.3, and the absorption coefficient to a 1000Hz sound source reaches more than 0.6;
(2) The composite sound insulation material obtained by the invention adopts the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber, and the high-air-gap, high-crimp and sheath-core structural shape of the composite sound insulation material greatly improves the effects of the material on blocking, reflecting and the like of sound waves, thereby improving the sound absorption and sound insulation performance of the material;
(3) The invention adopts electrostatic spinning to obtain the micro/nano fiber membrane, and the obtained nano fiber/bead functional layer fiber (beads) has small diameter, high porosity and extremely large specific surface area, and is suitable for the application of sound-absorbing and sound-insulating materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a Z-shaped, spiral, wavy crimped fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the sheath-core composite fibers arranged at an angle in the fiber layer;
fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a laminated structure of the composite deadening felt obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view showing a laminated structure of the composite deadening felt obtained in example 2 of the present invention;
in the figure: the composite fiber layer comprises an A-three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber layer, a B-nanofiber layer, a C-composite fiber functional layer and a D-surface layer protective layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the sheath material of the sheath-core composite fiber is polylactic acid (PLA), the core material is Polycaprolactone (PCL), and the core material is an eccentric structure. The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber forms Z-type permanent crimp by utilizing different polymer shrinkage rates under the action of heat, the diameter of the fiber is 2 mu m, and the cross section of the fiber is circular. The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber layer A is prepared by adopting a twin-screw process, a non-woven fabric is formed by spun-bonding, and the surface density is 30g/m 2 The thickness is 3mm. The Z-type crimped fibers in the fiber layer are vertically aligned.
The nanofiber layer B is prepared by needle electrostatic spinning and molding, and polylactic acid is used as a nanofiber fiber-forming raw material. Polylactic acid (PLA, M) w ＝3×10 5 g/mol) vacuum drying (60 ℃,12 h), using chloroform as solvent, preparing to 20%Magnetically stirring the solution for 4 hours, and standing for defoaming for 2 hours. And (3) performing electrostatic spinning forming on the prepared PLA solution, wherein the spinning voltage is 15kV, the receiving distance is about 12cm, and the propelling speed is 0.5ml/h, so that the polylactic acid nano fiber felt is obtained. The diameter of the nano-fiber is 200-800nm, and the gram weight of the nano-fiber layer is 10.5g/m 2 。
Compounding the three-dimensional curled skin-core composite fiber layer and the nanofiber layer to form a composite fiber layer function C with an ABAB structure, and compounding polyethylene hot-rolled non-woven fabric on the surface to be used as a surface layer protective layer D to obtain the composite fiber layer with the gram weight of 300g/m 2 The composite deadening felt of (1). A schematic of the laminate structure of the resulting composite deadening felt is shown in fig. 3.
The composite deadening felt obtained in the embodiment has the absorption coefficient of more than 0.3 for a 500Hz sound source and the absorption coefficient of more than 0.6 for a 1000Hz sound source, and has good sound absorption performance.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the sheath material of the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber is polylactic acid (PLA), and the core material is Polyester (PET). The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber is of a spiral crimp structure, the diameter of the fiber is 4 mu m, and the cross section of the fiber is circular. Adopting double screw rod process to make filament, mechanically crimping and heat setting to obtain permanent three-dimensional crimp, cutting into short fiber, carding, forming web, hot air bonding to obtain fiber aggregate structure with areal density of 30g/m 2 The thickness is 3mm. The included angle between the three-dimensional crimped fibers in the fiber layer and the fiber layer is 45 degrees and is directionally arranged.
The nanofiber layer is prepared by needle-free surface line electrode electrostatic spinning forming, and polylactic acid is used as a nanofiber fiber-forming raw material. Polylactic acid (PLA, M) w ＝3×10 5 g/mol) is dried in vacuum (60 ℃,12 hours), chloroform is used as solvent to prepare 20 percent solution, magnetic stirring is carried out for 4 hours, and standing and defoaming are carried out for 2 hours. And (3) carrying out electrostatic spinning forming on the prepared PLA solution, wherein the spinning voltage is 15kV, the receiving distance is about 12cm, and the rotating speed of the line electrode is 15r/min, so that the nanofiber layer is obtained. The diameter of the nano-fiber is 200-800nm, and the gram weight of the nano-fiber layer is 10.2g/m 2 。
Compounding the three-dimensional curled sheath-core composite fiber layer with the nanofiber layer to formCompounding a polyester bonded non-woven fabric on the surface of the AABB structure composite fiber functional layer C to be used as a surface layer protective layer D to obtain the AABB structure composite fiber functional layer C with the gram weight of 350g/m 2 The composite deadening felt of (1). A schematic of the laminate structure of the resulting composite deadening felt is shown in fig. 4.
The composite deadening felt obtained in the embodiment has the absorption coefficient of 0.31 for a 500Hz sound source and 0.62 for a 1000Hz sound source, and has good sound absorption performance.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the sheath material of the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber is nylon 6 (PA 6) and nylon 6/66 copolymer nylon, and the sheath is a parallel structure composed of two polymers; the core layer material is ionic liquid. The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber is of a spiral crimp structure, the diameter of the fiber is 50 mu m, and the cross section of the fiber is circular. The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber is prepared into a cloth-like structure by preparing filaments through a single screw and plunger pump process and then weaving the filaments by warp and weft, and the areal density is 40g/m 2 The thickness is 3mm. The included angles between the three-dimensional crimped fibers in the fiber layer and the fiber layer are 60 degrees and 0 degree.
The nanofiber layer is prepared by adopting centrifugal electrostatic spinning forming, and polyhydroxyalkanoate is used as a nanofiber fiber forming raw material. Polyhydroxy fatty acid ester (with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.7-0.9) is prepared into a 20% solution by taking THF (DMAc) (9:1) as a mixed solvent after vacuum drying (60 ℃ for 12 hours), and is stirred for 4 hours by magnetic force and kept stand for defoaming for 1 hour. And (3) carrying out electrostatic spinning forming on the prepared polyhydroxyalkanoate solution, wherein the spinning voltage is 40kV, the receiving distance is about 18cm, and the rotating speed of a centrifugal spinning disc is 420r/min, so as to obtain the nanofiber layer. The diameter of the nano-fiber is 100-500nm, and the gram weight of the nano-fiber layer is 9.8g/m 2 。
Compounding the three-dimensional curled skin-core composite fiber layer and the nano fiber layer to form an AAAABB structure, and compounding the nylon 6 hot air non-woven fabric on the surface to obtain the composite fiber with the gram weight of 400g/m 2 The composite deadening felt of (1).
The composite deadening felt obtained in the embodiment has the absorption coefficient of 0.35 to a 500Hz sound source and the absorption coefficient of 0.60 to a 1000Hz sound source, and has good sound absorption performance.
Example 4
In the bookIn the embodiment, the skin material of the three-dimensional crimped skin-core composite fiber is polybutylene succinate (PBS); the core layer material is liquid low molecular fat alkane. The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber obtains a permanent wavy crimped structure by using a thermo-mechanical action, the diameter of the fiber is 20 mu m, and the cross section of the fiber is circular. The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber is firstly made into filaments through a single screw and plunger pump process, and is lapped to obtain a spun-bonded non-woven fluffy structure, wherein the areal density of the spun-bonded non-woven fluffy structure is 30g/m 2 The thickness is 3mm. The three-dimensional crimped fibers in the fiber layer are horizontally oriented.
The nanofiber layer is prepared by adopting melt-blown electrostatic spinning forming, and polycaprolactone is used as a nanofiber forming raw material. Polycaprolactone (PCL, M) w ＝8×10 4 g/mol) dried in vacuum (60 ℃,12 h), heated and melted. And (3) carrying out melt-blown electrostatic spinning forming on the PCL melt, wherein the spinning voltage is 15kV, the receiving distance is about 12cm, the melt-blown spinning temperature is 160 ℃, and the extrusion amount is 0.2 g/min/hole, so as to obtain the nanofiber layer. The diameter of the nano-fiber is 200-1000nm, and the gram weight of the nano-fiber layer is 10.7g/m 2 。
Compounding the three-dimensional curled skin-core composite fiber layer and the nano fiber layer to form an AABB structure, compounding a cellulose material on the surface to obtain the composite fiber material with the gram weight of 315g/m 2 The composite deadening felt of (1).
The composite deadening felt obtained in the embodiment has the absorption coefficient of 0.38 for a 500Hz sound source and 0.66 for a 1000Hz sound source, and has good sound absorption performance.
Example 5
In the present embodiment, the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber sheath material is nylon 6 (PA 6); the core layer material is nitrogen. The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber is in a wavy crimped structure, the diameter of the fiber is 3 mu m, the cross section of the fiber is circular, and the crimped structure is obtained by thermal mechanical shaping. The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber is prepared by adopting a double-screw and plunger pump process, non-woven fabric is formed by spun-bonding, and the surface density is 30g/m 2 The thickness is 3mm. The included angle between 50% of the three-dimensional crimped fibers in the fiber layer and the fiber layer is 60 degrees of oriented arrangement, and 50% of the three-dimensional crimped fibers in the fiber layer are horizontally oriented arrangement.
The nanofiber layer is formed by electrostatic spinning with a free surface roller electrodeThe nylon 6 is used as the fiber forming raw material of the nano fiber. Nylon 6 (PA 6, M) w ＝2×10 4 g/mol) was dried in vacuo (60 ℃,12 h), a 20% solution was prepared using formic acid-acetic acid (mass ratio = 1:2) mixed solvent, magnetically stirred for 4h, and allowed to stand for deaeration for 2h. Electrostatic spinning and forming the prepared PA6 solution, wherein the spinning voltage is 60kV, the receiving distance is about 15cm, the roller rotating speed is 15r/min, the temperature of external disturbance wind is 35 ℃, the relative humidity is 55 percent, and the electrostatic spinning nano-fiber felt with the gram weight of 9g/m is obtained 2 The diameter of the PA6 nano fiber is 100-500nm.
Compounding the three-dimensional curled skin-core composite fiber layer and the dried nano fiber layer to form an AABB structure, and compounding the polyester spunlace non-woven fabric on the surface to obtain the polyester spunlace non-woven fabric with the gram weight of 320g/m 2 The composite deadening felt of (1).
The composite deadening felt obtained in the embodiment has the absorption coefficient of 0.36 for a 500Hz sound source and the absorption coefficient of 0.67 for a 1000Hz sound source, and has good sound absorption performance.
Example 6
In the present embodiment, the sheath material of the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber is Polycarbonate (PC); the core layer is made of Polyurethane (PU) and has an eccentric structure. The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber obtains a permanent spiral crimped structure by utilizing the difference of the heat shrinkage performance of the sheath-core fiber, the diameter of the fiber is 30 mu m, and the cross section of the fiber is circular. Adopting the traditional double screw spinning process to prepare filament, cutting into short fiber, carding, forming web, and hot air bonding to obtain fiber aggregate structure with surface density of 30g/m 2 The thickness is 3mm. The included angle between the three-dimensional crimped fibers in the fiber layer and the fiber layer is oriented and arranged at 80 degrees.
The nanofiber layer is prepared by needle electrostatic spinning and molding, and polylactic acid and polycaprolactone are used as fiber forming raw materials of the nanofibers. Polylactic acid (PLA, M) w ＝3×10 5 g/mol) and polycaprolactone (PCL, M) w ＝8×10 4 g/mol) of (4:1), preparing a 14 percent solution by using chloroform: DMF (4:1) as a solvent after vacuum drying (60 ℃,12 hours), magnetically stirring for 4 hours, and standing for defoaming for 2 hours. The prepared PLA/PCL solution is formed by electrostatic spinning, the spinning voltage is 15kV, and thenThe take-up distance is about 12cm, and the advancing speed is 0.5 ml/h/hole, so as to obtain the nanofiber layer. The diameter of the nano-fiber is 400-1500nm, and the gram weight of the nano-fiber layer is 10.1g/m 2 。
Compounding the three-dimensional curled skin-core composite fiber layer and the nano fiber layer to form an ABAB structure, and compounding the polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven fabric on the surface to obtain the product with the gram weight of 300g/m 2 The composite deadening felt of (1).
The composite deadening felt obtained in the embodiment has the advantages that the absorption coefficient of the composite deadening felt to a 500Hz sound source reaches 0.31, the absorption coefficient to a 1000Hz sound source reaches 0.62, and the sound absorption performance is good.
Example 7
In this example, the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber sheath material is polypropylene-free (APP); the core layer material is polyamide and has an eccentric structure. The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber is formed into a spiral crimp structure by virtue of the difference in water absorption of the sheath-core fiber, the diameter of the fiber is 30 μm, and the cross section of the fiber is circular. The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber is prepared into a cloth-like structure by preparing filaments through the traditional double-screw composite spinning process and then weaving the filaments by warps and wefts, and the areal density of the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber is 30g/m 2 The thickness is 3mm. The three-dimensional crimped fibers in the fiber layer are horizontally oriented.
The nanofiber layer is prepared by adopting centrifugal electrostatic spinning forming, and the polyester amide is used as a nanofiber forming raw material. Polyesteramides (M) w ＝3×10 5 g/mol) vacuum drying (60 ℃,12 h), spinning directly in a melting state at the spinning temperature of 250 ℃, the spinning voltage of 50kV, the receiving distance of about 12cm, the advancing speed of 0.5ml/h and the rotating speed of 600r/min to obtain a nano fiber felt with the diameter of 600-1200nm, and the gram weight of the nano fiber layer of 12g/m 2 。
Compounding the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber layer and the dried nanofiber layer to form an AAABBB structure, and compounding polypropylene needle-punched non-woven fabric on the surface to obtain the composite fiber layer with the gram weight of 420g/m 2 The composite deadening felt of (1).
The composite deadening felt obtained in the embodiment has the absorption coefficient of 0.30 to a 500Hz sound source and the absorption coefficient of 0.61 to a 1000Hz sound source, and has good sound absorption performance.
Example 8
In the embodiment, the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber sheath material is polypropylene (PP); the core layer material is polylactic acid (PLA) and is eccentric fiber. The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber forms a permanent Z-shaped crimped structure through the thermo-mechanical action, the fiber diameter is 10 mu m, and the fiber section is non-circular. The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber is prepared into filament by the traditional double-screw composite spinning process, is cut into short fiber, is carded and formed into a loose fiber web structure, and has the surface density of 30g/m 2 The thickness is 3mm. The included angle between the Z-shaped crimped fibers in the fiber layer and the fiber layer is 45 degrees and is directionally arranged.
The nanofiber layer is prepared by needle electrostatic spinning and molding, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used as a nanofiber forming raw material. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, M) w ＝6×10 4 g/mol) is dried in vacuum (60 ℃,12 hours), water is adopted as a solvent to prepare a 15 percent solution, the solution is stirred by magnetic force for 4 hours, and the solution is kept still for defoaming for 2 hours. Electrostatic spinning and forming the prepared PVA solution, wherein the spinning voltage is 15kV, the receiving distance is about 12cm, the propelling speed is 0.5ml/h, and the nano-fiber layer with the diameter of 600-1200nm and the gram weight of 10.3g/m is obtained 2 。
Compounding the three-dimensional curled skin-core composite fiber layer and the dried nano fiber layer to form an AAAABB structure, compounding polyethylene needle-punched non-woven fabric on the surface to obtain the composite fiber layer with the gram weight of 410g/m 2 The composite sound-insulating felt layer.
The composite deadening felt obtained in the embodiment has the absorption coefficient of 0.32 for a 500Hz sound source and the absorption coefficient of 0.63 for a 1000Hz sound source, and has good sound absorption performance.
Example 9
In the embodiment, the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber sheath material is a side-by-side structure formed by nylon 66 (PA 66) and PA6/66 copolymer; the core layer material is air. The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber is in a permanent spiral crimp structure formed by the difference of water absorption of two polymers of the sheath, the diameter of the fiber is 15 mu m, and the section of the fiber is non-circular. The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber is prepared into a fiber aggregate structure by first preparing filaments through a double-screw and plunger pump process, then cutting the filaments into short fibers, carding and forming a net, wherein the areal density is 30g/m 2 The thickness is 3mm. In the fiber layer, 30% of three-dimensional crimped fibers and the fiber layer are in 45-degree oriented arrangement, and 70% of three-dimensional crimped fibers are in horizontal oriented arrangement.
The nanofiber layer is prepared by needle electrostatic spinning and molding, and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PVDF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (mixing ratio = 7:3) are used as nanofiber fiber-forming raw materials. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PVDF, M) w ＝1.3×10 6 g/mol) vacuum drying (60 ℃,12 h), concentrating emulsion of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyethylene (PVA, M) w ＝6×10 4 g/mol) alcohol was blended in water as a spinning solution with a solution concentration of 26%, and magnetically stirred for 4h. Carrying out needle electrostatic spinning molding on the prepared PVDF/PVA emulsion, wherein the spinning voltage is 15kV, the receiving distance is about 15cm, and the PVDF/PVA nanofiber layer (containing a bead structure) with the gram weight of 10.4g/m is obtained 2 The diameter of the fiber is 300-600nm.
Compounding the three-dimensional curled skin-core composite fiber layer with the dried nano fiber layer to form an ABABAB structure, and compounding the polypropylene spunlace non-woven fabric on the surface to obtain the spun-laced non-woven fabric with the gram weight of 450g/m 2 The composite deadening felt of (1). Namely the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite sound insulation material.
The composite deadening felt obtained in the embodiment has the absorption coefficient of 0.32 for a 500Hz sound source and the absorption coefficient of 0.65 for a 1000Hz sound source, and has good sound absorption performance.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite sound insulation material is characterized in that: the composite sound insulation material consists of a composite fiber functional layer consisting of a three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber layer and a nanofiber layer and surface layer protective layers on the upper surface and the lower surface;
the coiled structure of the sheath-core composite fiber in the three-dimensional coiled sheath-core composite fiber layer comprises a Z-shaped, spiral or wavy coiled structure; the diameter of the sheath-core composite fiber is 1-50 μm; the arrangement mode of the sheath-core composite fibers in the fiber layer is horizontal orientation arrangement, vertical orientation arrangement or any angle orientation arrangement between horizontal and vertical;
the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber is composed of a sheath layer and a core layer, wherein the sheath layer and the core layer are made of the same polymer or different polymers with different molecular weights, and the polymer is polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene succinate, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polystyrene, copolyester, copolyamide, polyhydroxy fatty acid ester or polyolefin copolymer; or the core layer is liquid or gas, including ionic liquid, liquid low molecular weight fatty alkane, low molecular weight liquid PEG, silicone oil, water, oil, air, nitrogen, liquid essence, and inert gas;
the nano-fiber layer material comprises one or two mixed polymers of polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyurethane, polybutylene succinate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polycarbonate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, copolyamide and polyolefin elastomer;
the surface layer protective layer is made of polyester, polyolefin, nylon or polylactic acid.
2. The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite acoustical insulation of claim 1, wherein: the gram weight of the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber layer is 20-100 g/m 2 The gram weight of the nanofiber layer is 0.5-20 g/m 2 The surface protective layer has a gram weight of 10-80 g/m 2 Spun-bonded, hot-rolled or hot-air nonwovens.
3. The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite acoustical insulation of claim 1, wherein: the composite sound insulation material is obtained by superposing a plurality of layers of composite fiber layers and surface layer protective layers on the surfaces; the gram weight of the composite sound insulation material is 100-500 g/m 2 。
4. The three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite acoustical insulation of claim 1, wherein: the nanofiber layer has a fiber diameter of 10-1000 nm and contains a one-dimensional oriented, two-dimensional oriented or non-oriented structure.
5. The method for preparing a three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite acoustical insulation material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparing a three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber layer: preparing a non-woven fabric structure by a double-screw or single-screw and plunger pump device through a spun-bonding or spun-bonding and spunlace or needle punching process; or preparing filament by spinning process, cutting into short fiber, carding, forming web, and making into fiber aggregate structure by needling, spunlace or hot air bonding process; or the long filaments are prepared through the spinning process and then are woven or knitted in a warp and weft mode to obtain a cloth-shaped structure; or preparing filaments by a spinning process, cutting the filaments into short fibers, carding, stranding into yarns, and performing warp-weft weaving or knitting to obtain a cloth-shaped structure; then the structure is post-processed under the action of heat, machinery or water vapor to form a permanent 3D curled structure, or the fiber directly obtains a certain curled structure during molding;
(2) Preparing a nanofiber layer by adopting an electrostatic spinning process;
(3) And compounding the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber layer and the nanofiber layer to obtain a composite fiber functional layer, and compounding a surface protective layer on the surface of the composite fiber functional layer to obtain the three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite sound insulation material.
6. The method of making a three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite acoustical insulation of claim 5, wherein: the electrostatic spinning comprises needle electrostatic spinning, free surface electrostatic spinning, centrifugal electrostatic spinning or melt-blown electrostatic spinning; the electrostatic spinning nanofiber material is in a solution or melt form, wherein the effective mass concentration range of the nanofiber material in the solution is 5% -50%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710469700.9A CN107215046B (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2017-06-20 | Three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite sound insulation material and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710469700.9A CN107215046B (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2017-06-20 | Three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite sound insulation material and preparation method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107215046A CN107215046A (en) | 2017-09-29 |
| CN107215046B true CN107215046B (en) | 2023-01-06 |
Family
ID=59949936
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710469700.9A Active CN107215046B (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2017-06-20 | Three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite sound insulation material and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107215046B (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107881792A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-04-06 | 福建恒安卫生材料有限公司 | Biological degradation nonwoven cloth and preparation method thereof |
| CN108143543B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2021-04-02 | 福建恒安家庭生活用品有限公司 | Multilayer combined biodegradable core and preparation method thereof |
| CN108360079B (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2023-04-21 | 华南理工大学 | Phase-change temperature-regulating fiber containing ionic liquid and preparation method thereof |
| CN108872024A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2018-11-23 | 巨石攀登电子基材有限公司 | A kind of electronics cloth coupling agent impregnation test device and its test method |
| CN109440207A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-03-08 | 南通丽洋洁净材料有限公司 | A kind of staple fibre symbiosis hybrid composite and the preparation method and application thereof with thermal sound-absorbing |
| CN109846125A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-06-07 | 中原工学院 | The no straight printed volume Qu Yiti equipment of sewage dry method hair |
| CN111300919A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-06-19 | 无锡吉兴汽车声学部件科技有限公司 | Sound absorption interior trim and application thereof |
| CN111826728B (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-05-06 | 东华大学 | Self-curling electrostatic spinning micro-nanofiber with wool fibers as receiving substrate |
| CN114622344B (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2023-08-25 | 浙江安顺化纤有限公司 | Dry preparation method of non-woven fabric and application of non-woven fabric in mask |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106048885A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-10-26 | 华南理工大学 | Composite sound insulation material comprising cellulose fibers and nanofibers and preparation method of composite sound insulation material |
| CN106149197A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-23 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of hybrid structure biodegradable composite sound isolating material and preparation method thereof |
| CN207207315U (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2018-04-10 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of three-dimensional crimp core-skin composite fiber and nanofiber composite sound isolating material |
-
2017
- 2017-06-20 CN CN201710469700.9A patent/CN107215046B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106048885A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-10-26 | 华南理工大学 | Composite sound insulation material comprising cellulose fibers and nanofibers and preparation method of composite sound insulation material |
| CN106149197A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-23 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of hybrid structure biodegradable composite sound isolating material and preparation method thereof |
| CN207207315U (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2018-04-10 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of three-dimensional crimp core-skin composite fiber and nanofiber composite sound isolating material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107215046A (en) | 2017-09-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107215046B (en) | Three-dimensional crimped sheath-core composite fiber and nanofiber composite sound insulation material and preparation method thereof | |
| US10525665B2 (en) | Method of preparing a meltblown fiber web | |
| CN107675354B (en) | Method and device for preparing three-component sound-absorbing cotton by electrostatic spinning, melt blowing and dry method web forming | |
| US8795403B2 (en) | Filter cloth for dust collector | |
| CN207207315U (en) | A kind of three-dimensional crimp core-skin composite fiber and nanofiber composite sound isolating material | |
| CN106048885B (en) | A kind of cellulose fiber peacekeeping nanofiber composite sound isolating material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107604536A (en) | A kind of preparation method of fluffy resilient three-dimensional micro nanometer fiber material, device and the fibrous material prepared by this method and its application | |
| CN103240941B (en) | Waterproof and breathable compound fabric and preparing method thereof | |
| US20080166938A1 (en) | Microfiber split film filter felt and method of making same | |
| CN106149197B (en) | A kind of hybrid structure biodegradable composite sound isolating material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102560903B (en) | Multi-layer composite basalt non-woven material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105729918A (en) | Breathable single one-way wet-conductive protection material and application thereof in preparation of weaving articles | |
| KR101651943B1 (en) | Fibrous Assemblies including Shaped cross-section hollow fiber | |
| CN109049868A (en) | A kind of nanofiber composite sound isolating material | |
| CN202559046U (en) | Basalt composite nonwoven material | |
| CN102560898B (en) | Basalt composite non-woven fabric production line | |
| KR101252341B1 (en) | Polypropylene needle-punching non-woven fabric for an oil-absorber having excellent mechanical strength and manufacturing method thereof | |
| JP2006098890A (en) | Sound-deadening material and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN106835505B (en) | Spunlace nonwoven fabric based on polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and preparation process thereof | |
| JP2004511665A (en) | Melt-processable perfluoropolymer foam | |
| JP2003508646A (en) | Melt-processable perfluoropolymer foam | |
| KR20130117793A (en) | Highly uniform spunbonded nonwoven fabrics | |
| KR20050062136A (en) | Polyester spunbonded nonwoven fabrics for air filter and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106757791A (en) | Non-woven fabric and its preparation technology based on polytetrafluoroethylene film | |
| JP2001129911A (en) | Porous fiber composite laminate and method for manufacturing this laminate |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |