CN107199339B - Powder spreading accurate control device and method for laser rapid prototyping equipment - Google Patents
Powder spreading accurate control device and method for laser rapid prototyping equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN107199339B CN107199339B CN201710607458.7A CN201710607458A CN107199339B CN 107199339 B CN107199339 B CN 107199339B CN 201710607458 A CN201710607458 A CN 201710607458A CN 107199339 B CN107199339 B CN 107199339B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/22—Driving means
- B22F12/224—Driving means for motion along a direction within the plane of a layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
- B22F12/67—Blades
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/70—Recycling
- B22F10/73—Recycling of powder
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The device comprises a scraper motion controller, a scraper height adjuster, a powder spreading scraper, a laser displacement sensor, a guide rail, a forming cylinder, a powder spreading substrate motion controller, a powder feeding cylinder, a powder feeding substrate motion controller, a recovery cylinder, a forming panel and a supporting plate, wherein the scraper motion controller, the scraper height adjuster, the laser displacement sensor, the powder spreading substrate motion controller and the powder feeding substrate motion controller are all connected with an industrial personal computer. The device and the method can be used for feeding and spreading powder of laser rapid prototyping equipment, and accurately measure the position by utilizing a laser measurement technology, and accurately measure the distance between the powder spreading scraper and the powder spreading substrate by arranging the laser displacement sensor on the powder spreading scraper, so that the influence caused by the difference of return stroke of a moving mechanism and the difference of the thickness of the powder spreading substrate is eliminated, the thickness of a powder layer is accurately controlled, and the processing precision of parts is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser rapid prototyping and laser measurement, and particularly relates to a powder spreading accurate control device and method for laser rapid prototyping equipment.
Background
The rapid forming is a rapid manufacturing mode adopting the principle of layered manufacturing and superposition forming. The method is aided by computer software, designed parts are subjected to a series of digital 'slices', slice information is transmitted to forming equipment, materials are continuously stacked and solidified from bottom to top according to 'layered slices', and until a solid object is formed.
Compared with the traditional manufacturing process, the rapid prototyping technology can directly generate objects with any shape from computer graphic data according to the design without mechanical processing or a die, and personalized customization processing is easy to realize; the design of the component does not need to depend on whether the processing technology can be realized; the molding process can be used for one-step molding and rapid manufacturing, multiple procedures of the traditional process are omitted, the production period of the product is shortened, and the productivity is improved; the increment method is adopted instead of the traditional decrement method, so that raw materials are saved, waste is not generated basically, and new vitality is brought to the manufacturing industry revolution.
With the development of laser technology, laser rapid prototyping equipment using laser as a processing tool has gradually become a research hotspot. The laser fast forming technology is one fast forming technology for forming three-dimensional solid via layer-by-layer accumulation based on the principle of fast metal powder melting under the action of high energy laser and fast solidification after heat dissipation and cooling. According to the layering slicing information of the computer software to the model, the laser beam acts on the powder in the area to be formed under the control of the scanning system, after one layer of scanning is finished, the powder spreading substrate descends by one layer of thick distance, the powder feeding system and the powder spreading scraper spread one layer of thick powder to deposit on the formed layer, the forming process is repeated until all the slicing layers of the three-dimensional model are completely scanned, and the formed metal part is obtained after the redundant powder is removed.
The laser rapid prototyping equipment belongs to precision machining equipment, and has high requirements on laser parameters, automation degree, mechanical motion precision, machining environment and man-machine interaction function. The equipment uses metal powder as raw material, and the powder laying precision has important influence on the precision of the processed parts. Under the influence of various factors such as the precision of a motion controller, the poor return stroke of a mechanical motion structure, the particle size of powder and the like, how to improve and control the powder spreading precision of laser rapid prototyping equipment is always a difficult problem for researchers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the powder spreading accurate control device and method for the laser rapid prototyping equipment can be used for powder feeding and spreading processes of the laser rapid prototyping equipment and accurately controlling the thickness of a powder layer, so that the precision of processing parts by the laser rapid prototyping equipment is improved.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a powder spreading accurate control device for laser rapid prototyping equipment, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a scraper motion controller, a scraper height regulator, a powder spreading scraper, a laser displacement sensor, a guide rail, a forming cylinder, a powder spreading substrate motion controller, a powder feeding cylinder, a powder feeding substrate motion controller, a recovery cylinder, a forming panel and a support plate, wherein the scraper motion controller is a linear motion controller and reciprocates along the guide rail under current control; the lower surface of the scraper height adjuster is connected with the upper surface of the scraper motion controller through a screw; the cross section of the powder spreading scraper is L-shaped, and the powder spreading scraper is connected with the upper surface of the scraper height adjuster through a screw; the laser displacement sensor is connected with the powder spreading scraper through a screw; the guide rail is arranged on the upper surface of the forming panel through a screw; the upper end of the powder paving substrate motion controller is connected with the powder paving substrate through a screw; the upper end of the powder feeding substrate motion controller is connected with the powder feeding substrate through a screw; the powder paving substrate is arranged in the forming cylinder, and the edge of the powder paving substrate is contacted with the cylinder wall of the forming cylinder through a lubricating medium and moves up and down along the cylinder wall of the forming cylinder; the powder feeding base plate is arranged in the powder feeding cylinder, and the edge of the powder feeding base plate is contacted with the cylinder wall of the powder feeding cylinder through a lubricating medium and moves up and down along the cylinder wall of the powder feeding cylinder; the upper edges of the forming cylinder, the powder feeding cylinder and the recovery cylinder are flush with the upper surface of the powder paving panel, and the forming cylinder, the powder feeding cylinder and the recovery cylinder are connected with the forming panel, wherein the recovery cylinder is detachably and fixedly connected with the forming panel; the powder spreading substrate motion controller and the powder feeding substrate motion controller are respectively connected with the supporting plate through screws;
wherein the scraper motion controller, the scraper height regulator, the laser displacement sensor and the powder spreading substrate move
The controller and the powder feeding substrate motion controller are connected with the industrial personal computer.
Further, the scraper motion controller is an electric sliding table, and the motion speed is 100mm/s.
Further, the laser displacement sensor is a high-precision displacement sensor, and the test precision is less than 1 mu m.
Further, the forming cylinder and the powder feeding cylinder are welded on the powder paving panel.
Further, the forming cylinder and the powder feeding cylinder are connected to the powder paving panel through screws.
Further, the molding cylinder and the powder feeding cylinder are respectively connected with the powder paving panel in a buckling manner.
Further, the powder spreading substrate motion controller and the powder feeding substrate motion controller are electric cylinders, and the motion precision is less than 10 mu m.
Further, the recovery cylinder is connected with the forming panel through screws.
Further, the recovery cylinder is in snap connection with the forming panel.
The invention also provides a powder spreading accurate control method for the laser rapid prototyping equipment, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: adopt above-mentioned shop's powder accurate control device for laser rapid prototyping equipment, the one end of guide rail is the powder end that send, and the other end of guide rail is the powder end that receives, specifically includes the following step:
step one, presetting an initial position, wherein the initial position of a powder spreading scraper is positioned at a powder feeding end of a guide rail; the powder paving base plate is flush with the forming panel; the powder feeding base plate is positioned at the bottom of the powder feeding cylinder; the powder feeding cylinder is filled with metal powder, and the top end of the metal powder is level with the cutting edge at the lower end of the powder spreading scraper;
step two, the powder paving substrate descends for a certain distance h along the cylinder wall of the forming cylinder under the control of the powder paving substrate motion controller 1 The upper surface of the powder spreading substrate and the cutting edge at the lower end of the powder spreading scraper have a preset vertical distance h 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The powder spreading scraper moves from the powder feeding end to the powder collecting end along the guide rail under the control of the scraper motion controller, when the powder spreading scraper is positioned above the powder spreading substrate, the laser displacement sensor measures the actual distance between the cutting edge at the lower end of the powder spreading scraper and the upper surface of the powder spreading substrate, and the measured actual distance and the preset vertical distance h 2 The error information is transmitted to the industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer receives the error information, feeds back the error information to the powder paving substrate motion controller after calculation and analysis, and simultaneously transmits an operation instruction for pushing the powder paving substrate to move up and down to the powder paving substrate motion controller, so that the powder paving substrate is pavedThe board motion controller receives error information sent by the industrial personal computer and an operation instruction for pushing the powder paving substrate to move up and down, and executes the operation instruction to ensure that the actual distance between the powder paving scraper and the powder paving substrate is equal to the preset vertical distance h 2 The error is reduced, and the powder spreading scraper returns to the powder returning end along the guide rail under the control of the scraper motion controller; the powder spreading scraper moves from the powder feeding end to the powder collecting end again along the guide rail under the control of the scraper motion controller, when the powder spreading scraper is positioned above the powder spreading substrate, the laser displacement sensor measures the actual distance between the lower end cutting edge of the powder spreading scraper and the upper surface of the powder spreading substrate, the process is repeated, and the actual distance between the lower end cutting edge of the powder spreading scraper and the powder spreading substrate is reduced by a preset vertical distance h 2 Error; the powder feeding substrate is pushed by the powder feeding substrate motion controller to move upwards for a distance to push out the metal powder, the powder spreading scraper moves along the guide rail from the powder feeding end to the powder collecting end under the control of the scraper motion controller at the moment, the metal powder pushed out by the powder feeding substrate is scraped onto the powder spreading substrate, a layer of metal powder is uniformly spread on the powder spreading substrate, and the powder spreading scraper drives the redundant metal powder to move continuously to the powder collecting end along the guide rail under the control of the scraper motion controller until the metal powder falls into the recovery cylinder; according to the technological requirements, starting laser rapid forming equipment to selectively scan the metal powder on the powder paving substrate, melting the metal powder, and forming a bottom layer of a part to be processed on the powder paving substrate;
step three, the powder paving substrate descends for a certain distance h along the cylinder wall of the forming cylinder under the control of the powder paving substrate motion controller 1 The powder spreading scraper moves from the powder collecting end to the powder feeding end along the guide rail under the control of the scraper motion controller, when the powder spreading scraper is positioned above the powder spreading substrate, the laser displacement sensor measures the actual distance between the cutting edge at the lower end of the powder spreading scraper and the upper surface of the metal powder layer on the powder spreading substrate, and the measured actual distance and the preset vertical distance h in the step two 2 The error information is transmitted to the industrial personal computer;
and fourthly, repeating the first step to the third step, and processing and forming the part layer by layer in a forming cylinder until the part is processed.
Through the design scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a powder spreading accurate control device and method for laser rapid prototyping equipment, which can be used in the powder feeding and spreading process of the laser rapid prototyping equipment, adopts a laser displacement sensor to accurately measure the distance between a powder spreading scraper and a powder spreading substrate, can be fed back to an industrial personal computer of the laser rapid prototyping equipment, calculates and transmits instructions through control software, and controls a scraper motion controller, a scraper height regulator, a powder spreading substrate motion controller and a powder feeding substrate motion controller to make accurate adjustment, thereby eliminating the influence caused by poor return stroke of a shaping motion mechanism and different thicknesses of the powder spreading substrate, accurately controlling the thickness of a powder layer and further improving the precision of processing parts of the laser rapid prototyping equipment.
Drawings
The invention is further described in the following description and detailed description with reference to the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a precise powder spreading control device for a laser rapid prototyping apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the precise powder spreading control device for the laser rapid prototyping equipment.
In the figure: 1-scraper motion controller, 2-scraper height regulator, 3-shop's powder scraper, 4-laser displacement sensor, 5-guide rail, 6-shaping jar, 7-shop's powder base plate, 8-shop's powder base plate motion controller, 9-send powder jar, 10-send powder base plate, 11-send powder base plate motion controller, 12-recovery jar, 13-shaping panel, 14-backup pad.
Description of the embodiments
The invention provides a powder spreading accurate control device for laser rapid prototyping equipment, which is shown in figures 1 and 2, and comprises a scraper motion controller 1, a scraper height adjuster 2, a powder spreading scraper 3, a laser displacement sensor 4, a guide rail 5, a shaping cylinder 6, a powder spreading substrate 7, a powder spreading substrate motion controller 8, a powder feeding cylinder 9, a powder feeding substrate 10, a powder feeding substrate motion controller 11, a recovery cylinder 12, a shaping panel 13 and a supporting plate 14, wherein the scraper motion controller 1 is a linear motion controller and reciprocates along the guide rail 5 under the control of current; the lower surface of the scraper height adjuster 2 is connected with the upper surface of the scraper motion controller 1 through a screw; the cross section of the powder spreading scraper 3 is L-shaped, and the powder spreading scraper is connected with the upper surface of the scraper height adjuster 2 through a screw; the laser displacement sensor 4 is connected with the powder spreading scraper 3 through a screw; the guide rail 5 is arranged on the upper surface of the forming panel 13 through screws; the upper end of the powder paving substrate motion controller 8 is connected with the powder paving substrate 7 through a screw; the upper end of the powder feeding substrate motion controller 11 is connected with the powder feeding substrate 10 through a screw; the powder spreading base plate 7 is arranged in the forming cylinder 6, and the edge of the powder spreading base plate 7 is contacted with the cylinder wall of the forming cylinder 6 through a lubricating medium and moves up and down along the cylinder wall of the forming cylinder 6; the powder feeding base plate 10 is arranged in the powder feeding cylinder 9, and the edge of the powder feeding base plate 10 is contacted with the cylinder wall of the powder feeding cylinder 9 through a lubricating medium and moves up and down along the cylinder wall of the powder feeding cylinder 9; the upper edges of the forming cylinder 6, the powder feeding cylinder 9 and the recovery cylinder 12 are flush with the upper surface of the powder paving panel 13, and the forming cylinder 6, the powder feeding cylinder 9 and the recovery cylinder 12 are connected with the forming panel 13, wherein the recovery cylinder 12 is detachably and fixedly connected with the forming panel 13; the powder spreading substrate motion controller 8 and the powder feeding substrate motion controller 11 are respectively connected with the supporting plate 14 through screws;
wherein the scraper motion controller 1, the scraper height adjuster 2, the laser displacement sensor 4, the powder spreading substrate motion controller 8 and the powder feeding substrate motion controller 11 are all connected with an industrial personal computer.
The scraper motion controller 1 is an electric sliding table, and the motion speed is 100mm/s.
The laser displacement sensor 4 is a high-precision displacement sensor, and the test precision is less than 1 mu m.
The forming cylinder 6 and the powder feeding cylinder 9 are welded on the powder paving plate 13.
The forming cylinder 6 and the powder feeding cylinder 9 are connected to the powder paving panel 13 through screws.
The molding cylinder 6 and the powder feeding cylinder 9 are respectively in buckling connection with the powder paving panel 13.
The powder spreading substrate motion controller 8 and the powder feeding substrate motion controller 11 are electric cylinders, and the motion precision is less than 10 mu m.
The recovery cylinder 12 is connected with the forming panel 13 through screws.
The recovery cylinder 12 is in snap connection with the forming panel 13.
The forming panel 13 is connected with a laser rapid forming device bracket and plays a supporting role in supporting the scraper motion controller 1, the scraper height adjuster 2, the powder spreading scraper 3, the laser displacement sensor 4, the guide rail 5, the forming cylinder 6, the powder feeding cylinder 9 and the recovery cylinder 12.
The supporting plate 14 is connected with a bracket of the laser rapid prototyping equipment and plays a role in supporting the powder paving substrate 7, the powder paving substrate motion controller 8, the powder feeding substrate 10 and the powder feeding substrate motion controller 11.
The powder spreading accurate control method for the laser rapid prototyping equipment adopts the powder spreading accurate control device for the laser rapid prototyping equipment, wherein one end of the guide rail 5 is a powder feeding end, and the other end of the guide rail 5 is a powder collecting end, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, presetting an initial position, wherein the initial position of a powder spreading scraper 3 is positioned at a powder feeding end of a guide rail 5; the powder paving base plate 7 is flush with the forming panel 13; the powder feeding base plate 10 is positioned at the bottom of the powder feeding cylinder 9; the powder feeding cylinder 9 is filled with metal powder, and the top end of the metal powder is level with the cutting edge at the lower end of the powder spreading scraper 3 by adjusting the scraper height regulator 2;
step two, the powder paving substrate 7 descends for a certain distance h along the cylinder wall of the forming cylinder 6 under the control of the powder paving substrate motion controller 8 1 The upper surface of the powder spreading base plate 7 and the lower end blade of the powder spreading scraper 3 have a preset vertical distance h 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The powder spreading scraper 3 moves along the guide rail 5 from the powder feeding end to the powder collecting end under the control of the scraper motion controller 1, when the powder spreading scraper 3 is positioned above the powder spreading substrate 7, the laser displacement sensor 4 measures the actual distance between the lower end cutting edge of the powder spreading scraper 3 and the upper surface of the powder spreading substrate 7, and the measured actual distance and the preset vertical distance h 2 The error information is transmitted to an industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer receives the error information, feeds the error information back to the powder paving substrate motion controller 8 after calculation and analysis, simultaneously transmits an operation instruction for pushing the powder paving substrate 7 to move up and down to the powder paving substrate motion controller 8, and the powder paving substrate motion controller 8 receives the error information transmitted by the industrial personal computer and the operation instruction for pushing the powder paving substrate 7 to move up and down and executes the operation instruction so that the actual distance between the powder paving scraper 3 and the powder paving substrate 7 is equal to the preset vertical distance h 2 Error reductionThe powder spreading scraper 3 returns to the powder returning end along the guide rail 5 under the control of the scraper motion controller 1; the powder spreading scraper 3 moves from the powder feeding end to the powder collecting end again along the guide rail 5 under the control of the scraper motion controller 1, when the powder spreading scraper 3 is positioned above the powder spreading substrate 7, the laser displacement sensor 4 measures the actual distance between the lower end cutting edge of the powder spreading scraper 3 and the upper surface of the powder spreading substrate 7, the process is repeated, and the actual distance between the lower end cutting edge of the powder spreading scraper 3 and the powder spreading substrate 7 is reduced by a preset vertical distance h 2 Error; the powder feeding substrate 10 moves upwards for a distance under the pushing of the powder feeding substrate motion controller 11 to push out the metal powder, the powder spreading scraper 3 moves along the guide rail 5 from the powder feeding end to the powder collecting end under the control of the scraper motion controller 1 at the moment, the metal powder pushed out by the powder feeding substrate 10 is scraped onto the powder spreading substrate 7, a layer of metal powder is uniformly spread on the powder spreading substrate 7, and the powder spreading scraper 3 drives the redundant metal powder to continue to move towards the powder collecting end along the guide rail 5 under the control of the scraper motion controller 1 until the metal powder falls into the recovery cylinder 12; according to the technological requirements, starting laser rapid forming equipment to selectively scan the metal powder on the powder paving substrate 7, melting the metal powder, and forming a bottom layer of a part to be processed on the powder paving substrate 7;
step three, the powder paving substrate 7 descends for a certain distance h along the cylinder wall of the forming cylinder 6 under the control of the powder paving substrate motion controller 8 1 The powder spreading scraper 3 moves from the powder collecting end to the powder feeding end along the guide rail 5 under the control of the scraper motion controller 1, when the powder spreading scraper is positioned above the powder spreading substrate 7, the laser displacement sensor 4 measures the actual distance between the cutting edge at the lower end of the powder spreading scraper 3 and the upper surface of the metal powder layer on the powder spreading substrate 7, and the measured actual distance and the preset vertical distance h in the second step 2 The error information is transmitted to the industrial personal computer;
and step four, repeating the step one to the step three, and processing and forming the part layer by layer in the forming cylinder 6 until the part processing is completed.
In the processing course, the upper surface of the powder spreading substrate 7 and the lower end blade of the powder spreading scraper 3 are at a preset vertical distance h at the beginning of the work 2 Distance h from each descent of the laying substrate 7 1 Is an important parameter, typically h 1 =h 2 =h, its accuracy versus powder thicknessThe accuracy of the degree has an important impact and thus on the overall accuracy of the part.
In the embodiment of the invention, h 1 =h 2 =h, the h precision is controlled by the laser displacement sensor 4, and the powder spreading precision is precisely controlled. The laser displacement sensor 4 is connected with the powder paving scraper 3 by a screw, the distance between the lower end cutting edge of the powder paving scraper 3 and the upper surface of the powder paving substrate 7 can be accurately measured, the parallelism of the lower end cutting edge and the powder paving scraper can be accurately measured, measured information can be transmitted to an industrial personal computer of laser rapid forming equipment, instructions are calculated and transmitted through software, the powder paving substrate 7 is controlled to move up and down accurately along the forming cylinder 6 through the powder paving substrate motion controller 8, and h precision is improved.
The laser displacement sensor 4 can accurately measure the distance between the cutting edge at the lower end of the powder paving scraper 3 and the forming surface of each layer of the processed part in the working process of the laser rapid prototyping equipment, and transmit the distance to the industrial personal computer, the distance h for the powder paving substrate 7 to descend in the powder paving process of each layer is dynamically adjusted by software, the powder paving precision is accurately controlled, the part processing path and scheme are optimized, and the part processing precision is further improved.
By the mode, the powder feeding and spreading device can be used for the powder feeding and spreading process of the laser rapid prototyping equipment and can accurately control the thickness of the powder layer, so that the precision of the laser rapid prototyping equipment for processing parts is improved.
The above examples are only illustrative of the method and benefits of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Modifications to the above would be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is therefore intended to be indicated by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A shop's powder accurate control device for laser rapid prototyping equipment, characterized by: the device comprises a scraper motion controller (1), a scraper height adjuster (2), a powder spreading scraper (3), a laser displacement sensor (4), a guide rail (5), a forming cylinder (6), a powder spreading substrate (7), a powder spreading substrate motion controller (8), a powder feeding cylinder (9), a powder feeding substrate (10), a powder feeding substrate motion controller (11), a recovery cylinder (12), a forming panel (13) and a supporting plate (14), wherein the scraper motion controller (1) is a linear motion controller and reciprocates along the guide rail (5) under current control; the lower surface of the scraper height adjuster (2) is connected with the upper surface of the scraper motion controller (1) through a screw; the cross section of the powder spreading scraper (3) is L-shaped, and the powder spreading scraper is connected with the upper surface of the scraper height adjuster (2) through a screw; the laser displacement sensor (4) is connected with the powder spreading scraper (3) through a screw; the guide rail (5) is arranged on the upper surface of the forming panel (13) through screws; the upper end of the powder paving substrate motion controller (8) is connected with the powder paving substrate (7) through a screw; the upper end of the powder feeding substrate motion controller (11) is connected with the powder feeding substrate (10) through a screw; the powder spreading substrate (7) is arranged in the forming cylinder (6), and the edge of the powder spreading substrate (7) is contacted with the cylinder wall of the forming cylinder (6) through a lubricating medium and moves up and down along the cylinder wall of the forming cylinder (6); the powder feeding base plate (10) is arranged in the powder feeding cylinder (9), and the edge of the powder feeding base plate (10) is contacted with the cylinder wall of the powder feeding cylinder (9) through a lubricating medium and moves up and down along the cylinder wall of the powder feeding cylinder (9); the upper edges of the forming cylinder (6), the powder feeding cylinder (9) and the recovery cylinder (12) are flush with the upper surface of the powder paving panel (13), the forming cylinder (6), the powder feeding cylinder (9) and the recovery cylinder (12) are connected with the forming panel (13), and the recovery cylinder (12) is detachably and fixedly connected with the forming panel (13); the powder spreading substrate motion controller (8) and the powder feeding substrate motion controller (11) are respectively connected with the supporting plate (14) through screws;
wherein the scraper motion controller (1), the scraper height regulator (2), the laser displacement sensor (4) and the scraper,
The powder spreading substrate motion controller (8) and the powder feeding substrate motion controller (11) are connected with the industrial personal computer;
the scraper motion controller (1) is an electric sliding table, and the motion speed is 100mm/s;
the laser displacement sensor (4) is a high-precision displacement sensor, and the test precision is less than 1 mu m;
the powder spreading substrate motion controller (8) and the powder feeding substrate motion controller (11) are electric cylinders, and the motion precision is less than 10 mu m.
2. The accurate powder spreading control device for a laser rapid prototyping apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the molding cylinder (6) and the powder feeding cylinder (9) are welded on the powder paving panel (13).
3. The accurate powder spreading control device for a laser rapid prototyping apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the molding cylinder (6) and the powder feeding cylinder (9) are connected to the powder paving panel (13) through screws.
4. The accurate powder spreading control device for a laser rapid prototyping apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the molding cylinder (6) and the powder feeding cylinder (9) are respectively connected with the powder paving panel (13) in a buckling manner.
5. The accurate powder spreading control device for a laser rapid prototyping apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the recovery cylinder (12) is connected with the forming panel (13) through screws.
6. The accurate powder spreading control device for a laser rapid prototyping apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the recovery cylinder (12) is in buckling connection with the forming panel (13).
7. The powder laying accurate control method for the laser rapid prototyping equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the powder spreading accurate control device for the laser rapid prototyping equipment according to any one of claim 6 is adopted, one end of the guide rail (5) is a powder feeding end, the other end of the guide rail (5) is a powder collecting end, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, presetting an initial position, wherein the initial position of a powder spreading scraper (3) is positioned at a powder feeding end of a guide rail (5); the powder paving base plate (7) is flush with the forming panel (13); the powder feeding base plate (10) is positioned at the bottom of the powder feeding cylinder (9); the powder feeding cylinder (9) is filled with metal powder, and the top end of the metal powder is level with the cutting edge at the lower end of the powder spreading scraper (3);
step two, the powder paving substrate (7) descends for a certain distance h along the cylinder wall of the forming cylinder (6) under the control of the powder paving substrate motion controller (8) 1 The upper surface of the powder spreading substrate (7) and the lower end blade of the powder spreading scraper (3) have a preset vertical distance h 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The powder spreading scraper (3) moves from the powder feeding end to the powder collecting end along the guide rail (5) under the control of the scraper motion controller (1), when the powder spreading scraper (3) is positioned above the powder spreading substrate (7), the laser displacement sensor (4) measures the actual distance between the cutting edge at the lower end of the powder spreading scraper (3) and the upper surface of the powder spreading substrate (7), and the measured actual distance and the preset vertical distance h 2 The error information between the two is transmitted to an industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer receives the error information, feeds the error information back to a powder paving substrate motion controller (8) after calculation and analysis, simultaneously transmits an operation instruction for pushing the powder paving substrate (7) to move up and down to the powder paving substrate motion controller (8), and the powder paving substrate motion controller (8) receives the error information transmitted by the industrial personal computer and the operation instruction for pushing the powder paving substrate (7) to move up and down and executes the operation instruction so that the actual distance between the powder paving scraper (3) and the powder paving substrate (7) is equal to the preset vertical distance h 2 The error is reduced, and the powder spreading scraper (3) returns to the powder returning end along the guide rail (5) under the control of the scraper motion controller (1); the powder spreading scraper (3) moves from the powder feeding end to the powder collecting end again along the guide rail (5) under the control of the scraper motion controller (1), when the powder spreading scraper (3) is positioned above the powder spreading substrate (7), the laser displacement sensor (4) measures the actual distance between the lower end cutting edge of the powder spreading scraper (3) and the upper surface of the powder spreading substrate (7), the process is repeated, and the actual distance between the lower end cutting edge of the powder spreading scraper (3) and the powder spreading substrate (7) is reduced by a preset vertical distance h 2 Error; the powder feeding substrate (10) moves upwards for a certain distance under the pushing of the powder feeding substrate motion controller (11), metal powder is pushed out, the powder spreading scraper (3) moves along the guide rail (5) from the powder feeding end to the powder collecting end under the control of the scraper motion controller (1), the metal powder pushed out of the powder feeding substrate (10) is scraped onto the powder spreading substrate (7), and the metal powder is spread on the powder spreading substrate (7)Uniformly spreading a layer of metal powder, and driving the excessive metal powder to continuously move towards a powder collecting end by a powder spreading scraper (3) along a guide rail (5) under the control of a scraper motion controller (1) until the metal powder falls into a recovery cylinder (12); according to the technological requirements, starting laser rapid forming equipment to selectively scan the metal powder on the powder paving substrate (7), melting the metal powder, and forming a part bottom layer to be processed on the powder paving substrate (7);
step three, the powder paving substrate (7) descends for a certain distance h along the cylinder wall of the forming cylinder (6) under the control of the powder paving substrate motion controller (8) 1 The powder spreading scraper (3) moves from the powder collecting end to the powder feeding end along the guide rail (5) under the control of the scraper motion controller (1), when the powder spreading scraper is positioned above the powder spreading substrate (7), the laser displacement sensor (4) measures the actual distance between the cutting edge at the lower end of the powder spreading scraper (3) and the upper surface of the metal powder layer on the powder spreading substrate (7), and the measured actual distance and the preset vertical distance h in the second step 2 The error information is transmitted to the industrial personal computer;
and fourthly, repeating the first step to the third step, and processing and forming the part layer by layer in a forming cylinder (6) until the part processing is completed.
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