CN107199051B - 一种吡啶配位的铜多相催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种吡啶配位的铜多相催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- SZDVDUDLIIZMKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;pyridine Chemical compound [Cu].C1=CC=NC=C1.C1=CC=NC=C1.C1=CC=NC=C1.C1=CC=NC=C1.C1=CC=NC=C1.C1=CC=NC=C1 SZDVDUDLIIZMKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 pyridine modified silicon dioxide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XVMSFILGAMDHEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonylpyridin-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=N1 XVMSFILGAMDHEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) iodide Chemical group I[Cu] LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- CXVSULTXGLIXRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-oxa-5-azabicyclo[4.1.0]hepta-1(6),2,4-triene Chemical compound C1=CN=C2OC2=C1 CXVSULTXGLIXRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229940045803 cuprous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005832 oxidative carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012691 Cu precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000011987 methylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005045 1,10-phenanthrolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JFJNVIPVOCESGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dipyridin-2-ylpyridine Chemical class N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 JFJNVIPVOCESGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEUMANXWQDHAJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethyliminomethyl]phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=NCCN=CC1=CC=CC=C1O VEUMANXWQDHAJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006079 antiknock agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IRJGZWIEFFOYJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;pyridine Chemical compound [Cu].C1=CC=NC=C1 IRJGZWIEFFOYJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003254 gasoline additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMJHPCRAQCTCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl chloroformate Chemical compound COC(Cl)=O XMJHPCRAQCTCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
- B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
- B01J31/1815—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. bipyridyl, 2-aminopyridine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C68/00—Preparation of esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C68/01—Preparation of esters of carbonic or haloformic acids from carbon monoxide and oxygen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/02—Compositional aspects of complexes used, e.g. polynuclearity
- B01J2531/0213—Complexes without C-metal linkages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/02—Compositional aspects of complexes used, e.g. polynuclearity
- B01J2531/0238—Complexes comprising multidentate ligands, i.e. more than 2 ionic or coordinative bonds from the central metal to the ligand, the latter having at least two donor atoms, e.g. N, O, S, P
- B01J2531/0241—Rigid ligands, e.g. extended sp2-carbon frameworks or geminal di- or trisubstitution
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/10—Complexes comprising metals of Group I (IA or IB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/16—Copper
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种吡啶配位的铜多相催化剂及其制备方法,所述催化剂的载体为吡啶修饰的二氧化硅,活性组分为铜;所述吡啶修饰的二氧化硅与所述铜的摩尔比为0.5‑1.9:1,且所述催化剂中Cu的重量占催化剂总重的4‑6wt%。在制备碳酸二甲酯中的应用,碳酸二甲酯选择性达到99.9%,碳酸二甲酯的收率超过54%。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化工产品制备技术领域,具体涉及一种吡啶配位的铜多相催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
碳酸二甲酯是应用广泛的大宗化学原料,具有多种化学反应活性,能进行羰基化、羰甲氧基化及甲基化(methylation)反应。而且碳酸二甲酯毒性很低,欧洲早在1992年就把它列为无毒化学品,是光气、硫酸二甲酯、氯甲酸甲酯等工业上广泛使用的剧毒试剂的理想替代品,被誉为绿色化工产品,成为未来世界化学合成的新基石。碳酸二甲酯经深加工后,可作为汽油添加剂,替代对环境有害的抗爆剂甲基叔丁基醚,提高辛烷值,并有效减少有害废气排放量50%以上;可用作为高能电池电极液、水处理剂;可合成聚碳酸酯、医药、农药、香料、润滑油等。
碳酸二甲酯的制备方法有光气法、酯交换法和甲醇氧化羰基化法。目前光气法由于环境污染的问题已经日趋淘汰。近年来,国内已探明页岩气(主要成分是甲烷)储量丰富,汽柴油使用量激增,人们对环境洁净要求大幅提高,有关甲烷氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯的合成工艺的研发引起国内外的广泛关注。该工艺具有原料易得,工艺简单,成本低等优点。此技术是气液固三相反应,采用CuCl为主催化剂,在淤浆床反应器中由甲醇、CO和O2合成DMC,反应过程中,氧浓度始终保持在爆炸极限以下。
1983年意大利EniChem公司首先报道了液相氧化羰基化法合成DMC,并于1988年实现了工业化生产,达到年产5kt的生产规模,后又将生产能力扩大到年产12kt。该体系存在一定的局限性。比如,催化剂的活性组分氯化亚铜对反应装置有腐蚀性;而且为保证足够的反应速率,该体系需使用高浓度的氯化亚铜;催化剂与反应物、产物难于分离。
科研人员尝试增加催化剂氯化亚铜的溶解性,提高催化剂的效率。中国专利CN1197792A(1998)以氯化亚铜为主,氯化镁、氯化钙等为助剂,制备复合型催化剂,改善了氯化亚铜在反应液中的溶解性和催化剂活性,但仍存在设备的腐蚀问题。陕西师范大学董文生等研究人员利用离子液体提高无水氯化亚铜在反应体系中的溶解性亦能达到促进铜的催化活性的目的。
此外,催化体系中加入含氮配体包括吡啶、联吡啶、salen、邻菲罗啉,不仅有助于促进铜的溶解性,更重要的是,该类体系通过配体调控作用提高了铜的电子密度,促进铜活化甲醇分子。中国专利CN00113091.9(2000)将含氮原子的杂环化合物和高分子为配体,与氯化亚铜形成的络合物作为催化剂,提高甲醇转化率和碳酸二甲酯的选择性,同时极大地降低了对反应器的腐蚀性。中国专利CN101733158A(2009)公布了三齿铜螯合物催化剂合成碳酸二甲酯的方法,该催化剂采用的三齿杂环化合物及其高分子衍生物可以是三联吡啶衍生物、吡啶双取代衍生物、含杂环单取代的1,10-菲啰啉衍生物。但是上述这类体系采用的非固相催化剂,除中心元素铜外,有机配体投料量大、价值高且难分离回收。
附图说明
图1是py/SiO2的固体核磁谱图;
图2是Cu-py/SiO2的红外谱图。
发明内容:
基于以上分析,本发明以吡啶修饰的二氧化硅和铜化合物为原料制备固相催化剂,调节合成条件,尤其是控制硅烷偶联剂、吡啶和铜前驱体三者的比例,设计合成了一类高效的吡啶配位的铜多相催化剂。其在甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯反应中表现良好的催化活性,且腐蚀性低,催化剂和产物易分离。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种吡啶配位的铜多相催化剂,所述催化剂的载体为吡啶修饰的二氧化硅,活性组分为铜。具体技术方案为:一种吡啶配位的铜多相催化剂,所述催化剂的载体为吡啶修饰的二氧化硅,活性组分为铜;所述吡啶修饰的二氧化硅与所述铜的摩尔比为0.5-1.9∶1,且所述催化剂中Cu的重量占催化剂总重的4-6wt%。
进一步的,铜的前驱体为碘化铜(CuI),3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和吡啶在硅烷偶联剂的作用下制得修饰液,所述修饰液和纳米二氧化硅制得所述催化剂的载体即吡啶修饰的二氧化硅。
进一步的,优选所述吡啶修饰的二氧化硅与所述铜的摩尔比为0.5-0.8∶1,所述催化剂中Cu的重量占催化剂总重的5-6wt%
进一步的,优选所述吡啶修饰的二氧化硅与所述铜的摩尔比为0.6∶1,所述催化剂中Cu的重量占催化剂总重的5.48wt%
本发明还提供了所述的催化剂的制备方法,步骤包括(1)修饰液制备:(2)纳米二氧化硅的修饰;(3)吡啶配位的铜多相催化剂的制备。
进一步的,步骤(1)修饰液制备:具体为:取一定体积的3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和一定体积的吡啶溶解于乙醚中,形成氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和吡啶的乙醚溶液,备用;另取一定质量的硅烷偶联剂溶解于一定体积的乙醚中,氮气氛及持续搅拌下加入所述氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和吡啶的乙醚溶液,在室温下反应后,将反应混合物过滤除去固体,将母液旋转蒸发后得到浅黄色油状物,即修饰液。
进一步的,所述的硅烷偶联剂为吡啶-2-甲酰氯盐酸盐。
进一步的,步骤(2)纳米二氧化硅的修饰:具体为:将步骤(1)得到的产物和一定量的纳米二氧化硅在氮气保护下的一定体积的甲苯溶剂中加热回流;冷却至室温后,过滤,并以甲苯多次洗涤滤饼,将该固体真空干燥,得到表面修饰吡啶的二氧化硅,即所述吡啶修饰的二氧化硅;步骤(3)吡啶配位的铜多相催化剂的制备:具体为:将一定量的CuI溶解于一定体积的乙腈中,加入步骤(2)得到的所述吡啶修饰的二氧化硅,氮气保护下搅拌回流;冷却至室温后,过滤,并以乙腈多次洗涤滤饼,将该固体真空干燥,即得到二氧化硅负载的铜-吡啶催化剂,记为Cu-py/SiO2,即吡啶配位的铜多相催化剂,所述吡啶配位的铜多相催化剂的化学式示例如下式(1)或式(2)为:
本发明还提供了该催化剂在制备碳酸二甲酯中的应用,碳酸二甲酯选择性达到99.9%,碳酸二甲酯的收率超过54%。具体使用为:在一定体积的高压釜中加入一定体积的甲醇、一定体积的乙腈和一定质量的所述催化剂,以N2置换反应器中的空气后,依次充入CO和O2,其中CO∶O2=2∶1(体积比),总压为4.2MPa,在120℃反应3-6h后,以冰浴冷却,加入环己烷做内标,分离固体催化剂后得到的澄清液体。
本发明的有益效果:本发明利用载体表面有机物的修饰技术,将均相体系中高效的催化体系拓展到多相体系,在有效配体范围内选用相对廉价易得的吡啶化合物作为修饰二氧化硅的有机配体原料和铜结合,将吡啶-铜催化剂固载化。根据该原理设计合成的催化剂在甲醇氧化羰基化制备碳酸二甲酯的液相高压反应体系中表现好。该技术成功地克服了现有均相催化剂体系铜和有机配体投料量大、价值高且难分离回收的弱点,催化剂和产物易分离,能循环使用。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
取3.5mL 3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和1.33mL吡啶溶解于80mL干燥的乙醚备用。另取2.67g吡啶-2-甲酰氯盐酸盐溶解于140mL干燥的乙醚中,氮气氛、持续搅拌下加入氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和吡啶的乙醚溶液,在室温下反应21h后,将反应混合物过滤除去固体,将母液旋转蒸发后得到浅黄色油状物。
将步骤1得到的产物和3.0g干燥的纳米二氧化硅(50nm直径)在氮气保护下的50mL干燥甲苯溶剂中加热至120℃,回流24h。冷却至室温后,过滤,并以甲苯多次洗涤滤饼,将该固体真空干燥3-5h,即得到表面修饰吡啶的二氧化硅。
将1.3427g(0.007mol)CuI溶解于30mL乙腈中,加入步骤2得到的表面修饰吡啶的二氧化硅1.6125g,氮气保护下搅拌回流24h。冷却至室温后,过滤,并以乙腈多次洗涤滤饼,将该固体真空干燥3h,即得到二氧化硅负载的铜-吡啶催化剂,记为Cu-py/SiO2(经等离子体发射光谱检测该催化剂Cu5.48wt%)。
在50mL高压釜中加入1mL甲醇、9mL乙腈和1.2gCu-py/SiO2(Cu5.48wt%),以N2置换反应器中的空气后,依次充入CO和O2(CO∶O2=2∶1)至总压为4.2MPa。在120℃反应4.3h后,以冰浴冷却,加入环己烷做内标,分离固体催化剂后得到的澄清液体以气相色谱分析。碳酸二甲酯选择性99.9%,碳酸二甲酯的收率为54%。
实施例2
取3.000g干燥的纳米二氧化硅(50nm直径)和3.5mL3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷放入50mL干燥的甲苯中,氮气保护下持续搅拌并加热至120℃,回流24h。冷却后,将反应混合物过滤分离,并以150mL甲苯分三次洗涤滤饼,将该固体在50℃下真空干燥3h,即得到表面氨基化的二氧化硅。
氮气氛中,2.5g吡啶-2-甲酰氯盐酸盐和2.34g表面氨基化的二氧化硅在50mL干燥甲苯中混合,搅拌下加入三乙胺15mL后,120℃下回流过夜,反应结束后冷却至室温,过滤,并以水、甲苯多次洗涤滤饼,将该固体真空干燥3-5h,即得到表面修饰吡啶的二氧化硅。
将2.228gCuI溶解于50mL乙腈中,加入步骤2得到的表面修饰吡啶的二氧化硅,氮气保护下搅拌回流24h。冷却至室温后,过滤,并以乙腈多次洗涤滤饼,将该固体真空干燥3h,即得到二氧化硅负载的铜-吡啶催化剂,记为Cu-py/Si02(经等离子体发射光谱检测该催化剂Cu5.21wt%)。
在50mL高压釜中加入1mL甲醇、9mL乙腈和1.2gCu-py/SiO2(Cu5.21wt%),以N2置换反应器中的空气后,依次充入CO和O2(CO∶02=2∶1)至总压为4.2MPa。在120℃反应,反应结束后以冰浴冷却,在反应开始后4h和11h取0.2mL反应混合物加入环己烷做内标,液体以气相色谱分析,反应釜内继续充入起始的反应气继续反应。碳酸二甲酯选择性99.9%,碳酸二甲酯的收率为56%(4h)和67%(11h)。
对比例
将0.6714gCuI负载到表面修饰吡啶的二氧化硅上。其余条件同实施例1-2。碳酸二甲酯选择性99.9%,碳酸二甲酯的收率为18%。
结合附图1-2可知,本发明得到的Cu-py/SiO2催化剂表面均匀修饰了有机配体吡啶和铜活性中心。本发明嫁接法制备催化剂的步骤为先修饰二氧化硅表面再负载铜活性中心。在干燥二氧化硅表面通过形成酰胺键以修饰上吡啶配体,固体核磁共振检测证实材料具有的含N芳香环(100-170ppm范围的多重峰)和硅烷偶联剂上丙基(0-50ppm范围的多重峰)的特征峰(见图1),该方法成功建立了预期的修饰型的二氧化硅表面结构。负载铜活性中心后,将该催化剂与未经负载的铜-吡啶的红外谱图进行对比,二者在1600cm-1附近都出现了吡啶芳香环上C=C、C=N的伸缩振动峰,得知该催化剂上配体结构完好,如图2所示。
上述实施例仅用于说明本发明公开的多功能催化剂评价装置的组成、连接方式和使用方法,本发明不试图保护任何方法,仅保护符合法律规定的产品,上述实施例并不限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、部件的等同替换和改进等,均包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种吡啶配位的铜多相催化剂,其特征在于,所述催化剂的载体为吡啶修饰的二氧化硅,活性组分为铜;所述吡啶与所述铜的摩尔比为0.5-1.9:1,且所述催化剂中Cu的重量占催化剂总重的4-6wt%;其中,
铜的前驱体为碘化铜(CuI),3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和吡啶在吡啶-2-甲酰氯盐酸盐的作用下制得修饰液,所述修饰液和纳米二氧化硅制得所述催化剂的载体即吡啶修饰的二氧化硅;
所述修饰液为所述纳米二氧化硅的有机配体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于,所述吡啶与所述铜的摩尔比为0.5-0.8:1,所述催化剂中Cu的重量占催化剂总重的5-6wt%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,(1)修饰液制备;(2)纳米二氧化硅的修饰;(3)吡啶配位的铜多相催化剂的制备;其中,
步骤(1)修饰液制备具体为:取一定体积的3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和一定体积的吡啶溶解于乙醚中,形成氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和吡啶的乙醚溶液,备用;另取一定质量的吡啶-2-甲酰氯盐酸盐溶解于一定体积的乙醚中,氮气氛及持续搅拌下加入所述氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和吡啶的乙醚溶液,在室温下反应后,将反应混合物过滤除去固体,将母液旋转蒸发后得到浅黄色油状物,即修饰液;
步骤(2)纳米二氧化硅的修饰具体为:将步骤(1)得到的产物和一定量的纳米二氧化硅在氮气保护下的一定体积的甲苯溶剂中加热回流;冷却至室温后,过滤,并以甲苯多次洗涤滤饼,将该固体真空干燥,得到表面修饰吡啶的二氧化硅,即所述吡啶修饰的二氧化硅;
步骤(3)吡啶配位的铜多相催化剂的制备具体为:将一定量的CuI溶解于一定体积的乙腈中,加入步骤(2)得到的所述吡啶修饰的二氧化硅,氮气保护下搅拌回流;冷却至室温后,过滤,并以乙腈多次洗涤滤饼,将该固体真空干燥,即得到二氧化硅负载的铜-吡啶催化剂,记为Cu-py/SiO2,即吡啶配位的铜多相催化剂。
4.一种吡啶配位的铜多相催化剂在制备碳酸二甲酯中的应用,采用权利要求1或2所述的催化剂,或权利要求3所述的方法得到的催化剂,其特征在于,碳酸二甲酯选择性达到99.9%,碳酸二甲酯的收率超过54%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于:在一定体积的高压釜中加入一定体积的甲醇、一定体积的乙腈和一定质量的所述催化剂,以N2置换反应器中的空气后,依次充入CO和O2,其中CO:O2=2:1,该比例为体积比,总压为4.2MPa,在120℃反应3-6h后,以冰浴冷却,加入环己烷做内标,分离固体催化剂后得到的澄清液体。
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