CN107196047B - Wide-beam high-gain antenna - Google Patents

Wide-beam high-gain antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107196047B
CN107196047B CN201710392359.1A CN201710392359A CN107196047B CN 107196047 B CN107196047 B CN 107196047B CN 201710392359 A CN201710392359 A CN 201710392359A CN 107196047 B CN107196047 B CN 107196047B
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vibrator
oscillator
horizontal
section
wide
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CN107196047A (en
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李道铁
吴中林
刘木林
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Tongyu Communication Inc
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Tongyu Communication Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The wide-beam high-gain antenna comprises a plurality of crossed oscillator pairs which are arranged on a reflecting plate in an array mode, wherein each crossed oscillator pair comprises a sagging wide-band oscillator which is respectively printed on two dielectric substrates; the two drooping broadband vibrators are arranged in a crossing way, two arms of the vibrators are symmetrically provided with inverted L-shaped sheets, each inverted L-shaped sheet comprises a vertical section and a horizontal extension section at the top end of the vertical section, and the tail ends of the horizontal extension sections are downwards bent; the upper side of the vibrator arm is provided with a parasitic unit, the other sides of the two medium substrates are provided with microstrip lines, and the reflecting plate is used for dual-polarized feeding. The parasitic unit is arranged on the upper side of the vibrator, so that the wide beam and good matching of the single-PCB cross vibrator are realized, and the wide beam broadband PCB cross vibrator array obtains dual polarization, horizontal wide beam and high gain radiation characteristics. The method is simple to realize, low in cost and suitable for mass production, and is applicable and effective for the design and improvement of the conventional broadband high-gain element antenna.

Description

Wide-beam high-gain antenna
[ field of technology ]
The present invention relates to a mobile communication base station antenna device and technology, and more particularly, to a wide-beam high-gain antenna and technology thereof.
[ background Art ]
As network deployment density continues to increase, mobile communications have basically achieved wide area continuous coverage of signals. However, it is difficult for macro cells to meet the demands of high data transmission rates and large system capacity, subject to limitations in operating frequency bands and coverage areas. In contrast, the 5.8G frequency band has wide bandwidth, large capacity, good propagation characteristics and small antenna size, and is very suitable for local high-speed data service with dense users. The base station antenna needs to have the characteristics of larger bandwidth (4.97-5.85 GHz, BW= 16.27%), high gain and wide (horizontal) bandwidth so as to cover a larger area and serve more users, thereby obtaining good coverage effect and better economy. In addition, dual polarization and low profile, planarization are also important requirements to achieve polarization diversity MIMO effects and good user experience. Broadband, low profile and dual polarized antennas are commonly used in the form of microstrip patches and half-wave vibrators, the latter being about one quarter wavelength in height. When working at 5.8G, the half-wave vibrator has acceptable profile height due to the short wavelength. However, the horizontal wave widths of the two are only 60 to 70 degrees, the ultra-wide wave width requirement of more than 90 degrees cannot be met, and even if the vibrator sags, the requirement is difficult to meet. Other ultra-wide beam antennas, such as small Jiao Jing compared to the dielectric radiating heads of parabolic antennas, do not have low profile and ultra-wideband characteristics, and are complex and bulky to feed.
In view of the advantages of the half-wave array, the application requirement can be well met by overcoming the defect of narrower wave width. The conventional method for achieving half-wave lineup beam broadening is to sag the arms of the transducer and reduce the floor size. However, the bandwidth broadening effect of the method is limited, and the bandwidth requirement of more than 90 degrees in the whole band cannot be met.
[ invention ]
The invention aims to provide a small directional base station antenna with wide bandwidth, high gain, ultra wide bandwidth, dual polarization, high isolation, low profile, low cost and easy production for the communication field.
The invention realizes the aim through the following technical scheme:
by adopting the design scheme of the drooping PCB vibrator, the tail end of the PCB vibrator is bent downwards, and a pair of parasitic units are symmetrically arranged on the upper side of the vibrator, so that the design target is realized.
The invention provides a wide-beam high-gain antenna, which comprises a plurality of crossed oscillator pairs arranged on a reflecting plate in an array mode, wherein each crossed oscillator pair comprises a sagging broadband oscillator which is respectively printed on two dielectric substrates, the two sagging broadband oscillators are arranged in a crossed mode, two arms of each sagging broadband oscillator are symmetrically arranged, each oscillator arm is an inverted L-shaped piece and comprises a vertical section, a horizontal section connected with the upper end of the vertical section is downwards bent, a parasitic unit is arranged on the upper side of each oscillator arm, a microstrip line is arranged on the other side of each dielectric substrate, and two paths of printed feed networks are arranged on the front side or the back side of the reflecting plate for feeding.
On the basis of the conventional PCB vibrator, the invention has the advantages that the parasitic unit is arranged on the upper side of the vibrator,the single vibrator is well matched in a 5.8G frequency band (4.80-6.0 GHz, BW=22.22%), the in-band wave width is 95-133 degrees, and the wave width of the crossed vibrator is 85-110 degrees; after array, the horizontal wave width is 80-114 degrees, the highest gain G=16dBi, and the section height is less than 0.26.lambda c (λ c The center wavelength), XPD is larger than 15dB, isolation is better than-25 dB, front-to-back ratio is larger than 17.5dB, SLL is lower than-10.5 dB, and the design target is achieved. In addition, the method has the characteristics of novel thought, clear principle, universality, simplicity in implementation, low cost, suitability for mass production and the like, is a preferred scheme for replacing the conventional wide-beam microstrip patch antenna, and is applicable and effective for the design and improvement of the conventional broadband high-gain element antenna.
Preferably, the outer sides of the corners of the vertical section and the horizontal section are beveled, and the upper part of the vertical section is cut inwards to form a platform.
Preferably, a notch is formed at the bottom end of one of the vibrator arms.
Preferably, the parasitic units are symmetrically arranged on the upper part of the drooping broadband vibrator along the directions of two arms of the vibrator.
Preferably, the parasitic element is an elongated strip connected from the platform to the tail section of the bending section, and a gap is reserved between the parasitic element and the vibrator arm.
Preferably, the parasitic element is a fine wire frame, the middle position of the lower part of the parasitic element is disconnected, one end of the opening, which is close to the outer side of the vibrator arm, is connected with another horizontal branch, the tail end of the horizontal branch is bent downwards, is basically parallel to the corner cutting edge of the vibrator, and is then connected with the platform.
Preferably, the dielectric substrate has a thickness, a dielectric constant and a loss angle of T and epsilon respectively r And tan delta, wherein the edge of the dielectric substrate is basically parallel to the trend of the vibrator side.
Preferably, the substrate is provided with an upward slot between the two vibrator arms at the bottom and extends to the vicinity of the platform; or the substrate is provided with a downward slot from the position between the two vibrator arms at the top and extends to the vicinity of the upper part of the vertical section.
Preferably, the microstrip line takes the vertical section of the sagging vibrator as a ground plane, the line width of the microstrip line is smaller than the width of the ground plane and the starting position is slightly higher than the width of the ground plane along the direction of the center line of the vertical section of the sagging vibrator, the bottom end of one arm of the microstrip line extends upwards, the upper part of the microstrip line is slightly narrow, when the microstrip line extends vertically upwards to the upper platform of the vertical section of the vibrator, the microstrip line extends horizontally in the opposite direction towards the horizontal section of the vibrator arm, and a vertical branch extending downwards is separated when the microstrip line approaches to the platform of the arm; the horizontal extension section continues to extend to the other arm platform of the vibrator, then bends downwards and extends for a certain length, and particularly breaks after extending downwards along the center of the vertical section of the vibrator arm to the middle of the vertical section of the vibrator arm.
Preferably, the two sagging broadband vibrators are arranged in a crossed mode and are in crossed symmetry at + -45 degrees or H/V, the two microstrip line horizontal extension sections at the crossed position are arranged up and down, complementary grooves are formed in the center lines of the two dielectric substrates, and the total depth of the two grooves is equal to the height of the dielectric substrates. The front or back of the reflecting plate is provided with two paths of printed feed networks which feed the two orthogonal polarized subarrays of the array respectively, and the total input end of the networks is connected with a coaxial cable.
Preferably, the reflecting plate is a metal plate, which serves as a floor and reflecting plate, and has holes formed therein to fix the pair of upright cross vibrators. Preferably, the two side edges of the floor are provided with metal boundaries.
Preferably, a group of composite bodies which are composed of metal sheets with at least two configurations are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of the floor, and are arranged at the edges of the two sides of the floor in a periodic manner.
Preferably, the plurality of cross vibrator pairs are arranged with a length along a direction in which the array extends. Preferably, the plurality of cross vibrator pairs are arranged in a linear array or a planar array.
Preferably, a radome is provided outside the array of elements to protect the antenna radiator and other components. Preferably, the radome is a thin shell cavity formed by common dielectric materials such as ABS, ASA, PC, TP, PVC, glass fiber reinforced plastic and the like.
The invention has the positive progress effect that the following measures are adopted: 1) Optimizing the shape and the size of the PCB vibrator; 2) Selecting appropriate PCB substrate parameters such as dielectric constant, loss angle and thickness; 3) Optimizing geometrical parameters of a microstrip feeder line of the vibrator, including the number of conversion sections, the length and width, the size of a short circuit branch knot and the like; 4) Optimizing vibrator parasitic unitPosition, shape and size; 5) Fine tuning microstrip line parameters when the two vibrators are orthogonal; 6) Optimizing the size, position, and boundary shape, size and arrangement of the metal floor achieves a design which is difficult to achieve in comparison with conventional solutions: 1. broadband, completely covering 5.8G frequency band (4.86-5.98 ghz, bw=20.66%); 2. ultra-wide horizontal wave width and high gain, wherein the horizontal wave width of the five-unit array is HPBW=80-144 degrees, and the gain is up to 16dBi; 3. high cross polarization ratio (XPD)>15 dB), high isolation (|S 21 |<-25 dB); 4. the FTBR is greater than 17.5dB, and SLL is less than-10.5 dB. 5. Lower profile, height less than 0.26. Lambda C . In addition, the method has the characteristics of novel thought, clear principle, universal method, easy processing, low cost, suitability for mass production and the like, is a preferred scheme for realizing the wide-beam high-gain small cell antenna, and is applicable and effective for the design and improvement of the conventional broadband cross dipole antenna.
[ description of the drawings ]
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of rectangular coordinate system definition used by an antenna model.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a drooping wideband element unit model.
Fig. 3 is a front view of a drooping wideband vibrator unit model with elongated parallel branches.
Fig. 4 is a front view of a drooping wideband vibrator unit model with fine wire frame parallel branches.
Fig. 5 is a front view of a model of a PCB cross vibrator unit with elongated parallel branches.
Fig. 6 is a front view of a two-model PCB cross vibrator unit with elongated parallel branches.
Fig. 7 is a front view of a model of a microstrip feed PCB cross vibrator unit with elongated parallel branches.
Fig. 8 is a front view of a second model of a microstrip feed PCB cross vibrator unit with elongated parallel branches.
Fig. 9 is a side view of a two orthogonal combination, microstrip fed PCB vibrator unit model with elongated parallel branches.
Fig. 10 is a front view of a model of a vertical/horizontal orthogonal microstrip fed PCB cross vibrator with elongated parallel branches placed on the floor.
Fig. 11 is a top view of a model of a vertical/horizontal orthogonal microstrip fed PCB cross vibrator with elongated parallel branches placed on the floor.
Fig. 12 is a top view of a + -45 deg. dual polarized PCB cross vibrator array model with composite boundary scheme one.
Fig. 13 is a front view of a + -45 deg. dual polarized PCB cross vibrator array model with composite boundary scheme one.
Figure 14 is a side view of a + -45 deg. dual polarized PCB cross vibrator array model with compound border scheme one.
Fig. 15 is a top view of a ± 45 ° dual polarized PCB cross vibrator array model with compound boundary scheme two.
Fig. 16 is a top view of a + -45 deg. dual polarized PCB cross vibrator array model with composite boundary scheme three.
FIG. 17 shows the input impedance Z of a PCB vibrator unit with two + -45 DEG orthogonal combinations of elongated parallel branches and microstrip feed in A frequency characteristic curve.
Fig. 18 shows a standing wave ratio VSWR curve of a PCB vibrator unit with two ± 45 ° orthogonal combinations of elongated parallel branches and microstrip feed.
Fig. 19 shows the half power beam width HPBW vs. frequency variation relationship of a PCB oscillator unit with a microstrip feed with two ± 45 ° orthogonal combinations of elongated parallel branches.
Fig. 20 shows the gain G vs. frequency variation relationship of a PCB vibrator unit with a two ± 45 ° orthogonal combination of elongated parallel branches and microstrip feed.
Fig. 21 shows a unit S parameter curve of a five-unit ± 45 ° dual polarized PCB cross vibrator array with compound boundary scheme one.
Fig. 22 shows a cell standing wave ratio VSWR plot for a five cell ± 45 ° dual polarized PCB cross vibrator array with compound boundary approach one.
FIG. 23 shows a +45° polarization at f for a five-element +45° dual-polarization PCB cross-vibrator array with compound boundary scheme one 1 Gain pattern =5.15 GHz.
FIG. 24 shows a five cell + -45 DEG dual polarized PCB cross vibrator array with compound boundary scheme one-45 DEG polarization at f 1 Gain pattern =5.15 GHz.
FIG. 25 shows a +45° polarization at f for a five-element +45° dual-polarization PCB cross-vibrator array with compound boundary scheme one 2 Gain pattern =5.50 GHz.
FIG. 26 shows a five cell + -45 DEG dual polarized PCB cross vibrator array with compound boundary scheme one-45 DEG polarization at f 2 Gain pattern =5.50 GHz.
FIG. 27 shows a +45° polarization at f for a five-element +45° dual-polarization PCB cross-vibrator array with compound boundary scheme one 3 =5.85 GHz gain pattern.
FIG. 28 shows a five cell + -45 DEG dual polarized PCB cross vibrator array with compound boundary scheme one-45 DEG polarization at f 3 =5.85 GHz gain pattern.
Fig. 29 shows the horizontal/vertical half power beam width HBPW vs. f variation characteristics of a five-element ± 45 ° dual polarized PCB cross element array with composite boundary scheme one.
Fig. 30 shows the gain gvs.f variation characteristics of a five-element ± 45 ° dual polarized PCB cross vibrator array with composite boundary scheme one.
Fig. 31 shows the front-to-back ratio FTBR vs. f variation characteristics of a five-element ± 45 ° dual polarized PCB cross-vibrator array with composite boundary scheme one.
Fig. 32 shows the normalized side lobe level SLL vs.f variation characteristics of a five-element ± 45 ° dual-polarized PCB cross vibrator array with compound boundary scheme one.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate and together with the description serve to explain, without limitation or limitation of the invention.
[ detailed description ] of the invention
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to explain the technical solution of the invention in detail. Here, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be particularly noted that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present invention only and are not intended to limit or define the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 16, the design method of the wide beam high gain antenna includes the following steps:
step one, establishing a space rectangular coordinate system, see fig. 1;
and step two, constructing a drooping broadband oscillator. Firstly, constructing an inverted L-shaped sheet along the +Z axis direction on an XOZ plane, wherein the lower part of the inverted L-shaped sheet is a vertical section 10, the top of the inverted L-shaped sheet is a horizontal section 11, and the tail end of the inverted L-shaped sheet is a bending section 12 downwards; the outer sides of the corners of the vertical section 10 and the horizontal section 11 are cut with bevel angles 13, and the upper part of the vertical section 10 is cut inwards with a platform 14, so that an arm of the vibrator is formed. Then, the inverted L-shaped piece is duplicated in a left-right mirror image mode by taking the Z axis as a symmetry axis, and the other arm of the vibrator is obtained; the bottom end of one arm is provided with a small notch 16, and the part near the axis is reserved, see the parts 10-16 in figure 2;
and thirdly, attaching a parallel node of the vibrator. A pair of bilateral symmetrical parasitic units are arranged at the upper part of the drooping broadband vibrator in the second step along the trend of two arms of the vibrator, the branches have two structural forms, the first is an elongated strip 20, see fig. 3, and a gap 23 is reserved between the branch and the vibrator arm and is connected to the tail section of the bending section 12 from the platform 14; the other is a fine wire frame 21, the middle position of the lower part of the fine wire frame is disconnected, one end of the opening, which is close to the outer side of the vibrator arm, is connected with another horizontal branch 22, the tail end of the horizontal branch is also bent downwards, is basically parallel to the corner cutting edge of the vibrator in the second step, and is then connected with a platform 14, as shown in fig. 4;
and step four, setting a vibrator substrate. One side of the sagging vibrator and the parasitic unit is provided with a layer of thickness, dielectric constant and loss angle of T and epsilon respectively r And tan delta dielectric substrates 30, 40, the edges of which are substantially parallel to the vibrator edges, one embodiment of which is shown in fig. 5, the substrate 30 is provided with an upward slot 31 between the two vibrator arms at the bottom and extends to the vicinity of the platform 14; in another embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, a downward slot 41 is formed between the two vibrator arms at the top of the base substrate 40, and the base substrate extends to the vicinity of the upper part of the vertical section 10;
and fifthly, balancing feeding of the vibrators. Referring to fig. 7 and 8, the vertical section of the second pendulous vibrator is taken as a ground plane, a microstrip line 50, 60 is arranged on the other surface of the dielectric substrate along the direction of the central line, the linewidth of the microstrip line is smaller than the width of the ground plane, the initial position of the microstrip line is slightly higher than the width of the microstrip line, the bottom end of one arm of the microstrip line 50, 60 extends upwards, the upper parts 51, 61 of the microstrip line are slightly narrower, when the microstrip line extends vertically upwards to the upper platform of the vertical section of the vibrator, a horizontal extension section 52, 62 is reversely arranged towards the horizontal section of the vibrator arm, a vertical branch 53, 63 extends downwards near the platform of the arm, and the horizontal extension section continues to extend to the other platform of the vibrator, then a straight bending section 54, 64 extends downwards along the center of the vertical section of the vibrator arm to the middle of the vibrator arm and then is disconnected.
And step six, constructing a cross vibrator pair. Rotating the sagging broadband vibrator in the fifth step by +/-90 degrees by taking the symmetry center as an axis to form a +/-45-degree or H/V crossed vibrator pair, wherein in order to avoid the intersection of feeder lines of the two vibrators, two microstrip line horizontal extension sections 52 and 62 at the intersection are arranged up and down, complementary grooves are formed on the center lines of the two PCB dielectric substrates, and the total depth of the two grooves is equal to the height of the PCB dielectric substrates, as shown in fig. 9, 10 and 11;
and seventhly, arranging a bottom reflecting plate. And step six, arranging a metal plate at the bottom end of the cross vibrator pair, serving as a floor and a reflecting plate, and forming holes on the metal plate to fix the upright cross vibrator pair. The two side edges of the floor are provided with metal boundaries 80, a plurality of cross vibrator pairs are arranged, and the length of each cross vibrator pair is along the extending direction of the array; at the left and right sides of the floor, a group of composite bodies 70, 71 composed of at least two metal sheets with two configurations are symmetrically arranged, and are arranged at the edges of the two sides of the floor in a periodic manner, wherein one composite body is a door-shaped composite body 71 as shown in the figure, and the other composite body is a baffle-shaped composite body 70, as shown in figures 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16;
and step eight, cross vibrator pair array. Arranging the crossed vibrator pairs as a basic radiating unit into a linear array or a planar array, then designing two paths of printed feed networks on the front or back of the floor in the seventh step, respectively feeding the two orthogonal polarized subarrays of the array, and connecting coaxial cables with the total input end of the networks, wherein the coaxial cables are shown in figures 13, 14, 15 and 16;
and step nine, adding an antenna housing. A thin-shell dielectric cavity is designed as a radome 810, which encapsulates the PCB vibrator, the metal floor, and the printed feed network, and is used as a radome to protect the antenna radiator and other components, as shown in fig. 14.
The wide-beam high-gain antenna constructed by the method comprises a plurality of crossed oscillator pairs arranged on a reflecting plate in an array mode, wherein the crossed oscillator pairs comprise drooping broadband oscillators printed on two medium substrates, the two drooping broadband oscillators are arranged in a crossed mode, two arms of the drooping broadband oscillators are symmetrically arranged, each oscillator arm is an inverted L-shaped piece and comprises a vertical section 10, a horizontal section 11 connected with the upper end of the vertical section, the tail end of the horizontal section faces downwards to form a bending section 12, microstrip lines are arranged on the other surface of the medium substrate, and two paths of printed feed networks are arranged on the front surface or the back surface of the reflecting plate for feeding. The plurality of cross vibrator pairs are arranged along the extending direction of the array.
The outer sides of the corners of the vertical section 10 and the horizontal section 11 of the vibrator arm are cut with an oblique angle 13, the upper part of the vertical section 10 is cut with a platform 14 inwards, and a gap 15 is reserved between the vertical sections of the two vibrator arms. The bottom end of one of the vibrator arms is provided with a notch 16.
The parasitic units are symmetrically arranged on the upper part of the drooping broadband vibrator along the directions of two arms of the vibrator. In one embodiment, the parasitic element is an elongated strip 20 connected from the platform 14 to the tail of the bending section 12, with a gap 23 between the parasitic element and the vibrator arm. In another embodiment, the parasitic element is a thin wire frame 21, the lower middle position of the parasitic element is disconnected, one end of the opening, which is close to the outer side of the vibrator arm, is connected with another horizontal branch 22, the tail end of the horizontal branch 22 is bent downwards, is basically parallel to the corner cutting edge of the vibrator, and is then connected with the platform 14.
The dielectric substrates 30, 40 are arranged on one side of the sagging vibrator and parasitic element, and have a thickness, dielectric constant and loss angle of T, ε, respectively r And tan delta, the edge of the dielectric substrate is basically parallel to the trend of the vibrator side.
The two sagging broadband vibrators are arranged in a crossed mode and are symmetrical in a cross mode at an angle of +/-45 degrees or an H/V mode, the two microstrip line horizontal extension sections 52 and 62 at the crossed position are arranged up and down, complementary grooves are formed in the center lines of the two dielectric substrates, and the total depth of the two grooves is equal to the height of the dielectric substrates. Specifically, one of the two substrate substrates 30 in the crossed vibrator pair is provided with an upward slot 31 between the two vibrator arms at the bottom and extends to the vicinity of the platform 14, the other substrate 40 is provided with a downward slot 41 between the two vibrator arms at the top and extends to the vicinity of the upper part of the vertical section 10, and the two dielectric substrates are mutually matched and crossed. The front or back of the reflecting plate is provided with two paths of printed feed networks which feed the two orthogonal polarized subarrays of the array respectively, and the total input end of the networks is connected with a coaxial cable.
The microstrip lines 50 and 60 are arranged on the other side of the dielectric substrate along the central line direction, the linewidth of the microstrip lines is smaller than the width of the ground plane, the starting position of the microstrip lines is slightly higher than the starting position of the microstrip lines, the bottom ends of one arm of the microstrip lines 50 and 60 extend upwards, the upper parts 51 and 61 of the microstrip lines are slightly narrow, when the microstrip lines vertically extend upwards to the upper platform of the vertical section of the vibrator, the horizontal extension sections 52 and 62 are reversely arranged towards the horizontal section of the vibrator arm, the vertical branches 53 and 63 extend downwards close to the platform of the arm, the horizontal extension sections continue to the platform of the other arm of the vibrator, and then the straight bending sections 54 and 64 extend downwards along the center of the vertical section of the vibrator arm to the middle of the vertical section of the vibrator and then are disconnected.
The reflecting plate is a metal plate and is used as a floor and reflecting plate, and holes are formed on the reflecting plate to fix the vertical cross vibrator pairs.
The floor is provided with metal borders 80 at both side edges. On the left and right sides of the floor, a set of composite bodies 70, 71 composed of at least two metal sheets of different configurations are symmetrically arranged, and are arranged on the edges of the two sides of the floor in a periodic manner.
And an antenna housing is arranged outside the vibrator array to protect the antenna radiator and other components. The radome is a thin shell cavity formed by common dielectric materials such as AB S, ASA, PC, TP, PVC, glass fiber reinforced plastics and the like.
The invention is characterized in that: 1) Optimizing the shape and the size of the PCB vibrator; 2) Selecting appropriate PCB substrate parameters such as dielectric constant, loss angle and thickness; 3) Optimizing geometrical parameters of a microstrip feeder line of the vibrator, including the number of conversion sections, the length and width, the size of a short circuit branch knot and the like; 4) Optimizing the position, shape and size of a parasitic element of the vibrator; 5) When two vibrators are orthogonal, the microstrip line parameter is finely adjustedA number; 6) Optimizing the size, position, and boundary shape, size and arrangement of the metal floor achieves a design which is difficult to achieve in comparison with conventional solutions: 1. broadband, completely covering 5.8G frequency band (4.86-5.98 ghz, bw=20.66%); 2. ultra-wide horizontal wave width and high gain, wherein the horizontal wave width of the five-unit array is HPBW=80-144 degrees, and the gain is up to 16dBi; 3. high cross polarization ratio (XPD)>15 dB), high isolation (|S 21 |<-25 dB); 4. the FTBR is greater than 17.5dB and SLL is lower than-10.5 dB with higher front-to-back ratio and side lobe levels. 5. Lower profile, height less than 0.26. Lambda C . See fig. 17-32 for specific parameters.
FIG. 17 shows the input impedance Z of a PCB vibrator unit with two + -45 DEG orthogonal combinations of elongated parallel branches and microstrip feed in A frequency characteristic curve. Wherein the horizontal axis (X axis) is frequency f, and the unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y axis) is the impedance Z in The unit is omega; the black line indicates +45° polarization and the gray line indicates-45 ° polarization; the solid line represents the real part R in The dotted line represents the imaginary part X in . As shown in the figure, in the 4.80-6.0GHz frequency band, the real part and the imaginary part of the two polarizations respectively have the following change ranges: +43- +70Ω, -28-5Ω, and +34- +63Ω, -35-0Ω, has better ultra-wideband impedance characteristic.
Fig. 18 shows a standing wave ratio VSWR curve of a PCB vibrator unit with two ± 45 ° orthogonal combinations of elongated parallel branches and microstrip feed. Wherein the horizontal axis (X axis) is frequency f, and the unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is VSWR; the solid line represents +45° polarization and the dashed line represents-45 °. As shown in the figure, the unit antenna realizes better impedance matching in the 4.80-6.0GHz frequency band (BW=1.2 GHz, 22.2%), and the standing wave ratio VSWR is less than or equal to 2.0 and the lowest is 1.04; the relative bandwidths are 22.2% respectively, approaching to ultra-wideband.
Fig. 19 shows the half power beam width HPBW vs. frequency variation relationship of a PCB oscillator unit with a microstrip feed with two ± 45 ° orthogonal combinations of elongated parallel branches. Wherein the horizontal axis (X axis) is frequency f, and the unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is the beam width in deg; the solid line represents the horizontal plane and the dotted line represents the vertical plane; the smooth line indicates +45° polarization and the dotted line indicates-45 ° polarization. As can be seen, in the 4.80-6.0GHz band (bw=1.2 GHz, 22.2%), the horizontal and vertical plane half-power beamwidths HPBW are 85-108 °/6066 °, 94-110 °/64-78 °, respectively, and the maximum of the horizontal plane beamwidth HPBW exceeds 100 °, and the vertical plane beamwidth exceeds 60 °.
Fig. 20 shows the gain gvs. frequency variation relationship of a PCB oscillator unit with two ± 45 ° orthogonal combinations of elongated parallel branches and microstrip feed. Wherein the horizontal axis (X axis) is frequency f, and the unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is gain in dBi; the smooth line indicates +45° polarization and the dotted line indicates-45 ° polarization. As shown in the figure, the gains of the two polarizations are respectively 6.90-8.54 dBi and 6.80-8.25 dBi in the frequency band of 4.80-6.0GHz (BW=1.2 GHz and 22.2%), and the gain consistency of the two polarizations is good.
Fig. 21 shows a unit S parameter curve of a five-unit ± 45 ° dual polarized PCB cross vibrator array with compound boundary scheme one. Wherein the horizontal axis (X axis) is frequency f, and the unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y axis) is the S parameter amplitude in dB; the solid line is the reflection coefficient S 11 |/|S 22 The broken line is the isolation level S 22 I (I); the smooth line is +45° polarized with the solid line and-45 ° polarized with the dashed line. As shown in the figure, the unit antenna realizes better impedance matching and reflection coefficient |S at the frequency band of 4.86-5.98GHz (BW=1.12 GHz, 20.66%) 11 |/|S 22 The absolute value is less than or equal to-10 dB, the minimum value is-45 dB, the relative bandwidths are respectively 20.66%, and the difference from the isolated situation is small. Moreover, the isolation of the +/-45 DEG polarized port is smaller than-25 dB, and the isolation is ideal.
Fig. 22 shows a cell standing wave ratio VSWR plot for a five cell ± 45 ° dual polarized PCB cross vibrator array with compound boundary approach one. Wherein the horizontal axis (X axis) is frequency f, and the unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is VSWR; the smooth line indicates +45° polarization and the dotted line indicates-45 °. As shown in the figure, the unit antenna realizes better impedance matching in the 4.86-5.98GHz frequency band (BW=1.12 GHz, 20.66%), the standing-wave ratio VSWR is less than or equal to 2.0, and the minimum is 1.02; the relative bandwidths are 20.66% respectively, approaching to ultra-wideband.
FIG. 23 shows a +45° polarization at f for a five-element +45° dual-polarization PCB cross-vibrator array with compound boundary scheme one 1 Gain pattern =5.15 GHz. Wherein the solid line is the main poleThe broken line is cross polarization; the smooth line is a horizontal plane and the dotted line is a vertical plane. From the figure, the wave width of the horizontal plane is wider, the wave width of the vertical plane is narrower, and the cross polarization XPD in the main lobe is realized>15dB, the polarization purity is better.
FIG. 24 shows a five cell + -45 DEG dual polarized PCB cross vibrator array with compound boundary scheme one-45 DEG polarization at f 1 Gain pattern =5.15 GHz. Wherein the solid line is the main polarization and the dotted line is the cross polarization; the smooth line is a horizontal plane and the dotted line is a vertical plane. From the figure, the wave width of the horizontal plane is wider, the wave width of the vertical plane is narrower, and the cross polarization XPD in the main lobe is realized>18dB, and better polarization purity.
FIG. 25 shows a +45° polarization at f for a five-element +45° dual-polarization PCB cross-vibrator array with compound boundary scheme one 2 Gain pattern =5.50 GHz. Wherein the solid line is the main polarization and the dotted line is the cross polarization; the smooth line is a horizontal plane and the dotted line is a vertical plane. From the figure, the wave width of the horizontal plane is wider, the wave width of the vertical plane is narrower, and the cross polarization XPD in the main lobe is realized>15dB, the polarization purity is better.
FIG. 26 shows a five cell + -45 DEG dual polarized PCB cross vibrator array with compound boundary scheme one-45 DEG polarization at f 2 Gain pattern =5.50 GHz. Wherein the solid line is the main polarization and the dotted line is the cross polarization; the smooth line is a horizontal plane and the dotted line is a vertical plane. From the figure, the wave width of the horizontal plane is wider, the wave width of the vertical plane is narrower, and the cross polarization XPD in the main lobe is realized>18dB, and better polarization purity.
FIG. 27 shows a +45° polarization at f for a five-element +45° dual-polarization PCB cross-vibrator array with compound boundary scheme one 3 =5.85 GHz gain pattern. Wherein the solid line is the main polarization and the dotted line is the cross polarization; the smooth line is a horizontal plane and the dotted line is a vertical plane. From the figure, the wave width of the horizontal plane is wider, the wave width of the vertical plane is narrower, and the cross polarization XPD in the main lobe is realized>15dB, the polarization purity is better.
FIG. 28 shows a five cell + -45 DEG dual polarized PCB cross vibrator array with compound boundary scheme one-45 DEG polarization at f 3 =5.85 GHz gain pattern. Wherein the solid line is the main polarization and the dotted line is the cross polarization; the smooth line is a horizontal plane and the dotted line is a vertical plane. From the figure, waterPlane wave width is wider, vertical plane wave width is narrower, and cross polarization XPD in main lobe>18dB, and better polarization purity.
Fig. 29 shows the horizontal/vertical half power beam width HBPW vs. f variation characteristics of a five-element ± 45 ° dual polarized PCB cross element array with composite boundary scheme one. Wherein the horizontal axis (X axis) is frequency f, and the unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is the beam width in degrees (deg); the solid line is a horizontal plane, and the dotted line is a vertical plane; the smooth line is polarized at +45°, and the dotted line is polarized at-45 °. As shown in the figure, in the frequency band of 4.86-6.0 GHz, the half-power wave widths of the horizontal/vertical planes of +/-45 DEG two polarizations are respectively as follows: hpbw=80 to 114 °/11.8 to 14.8 °, and the uniformity of the bandwidths of the two polarizations is good.
Fig. 30 shows the gain gvs of a five-element ± 45 ° dual polarized PCB cross vibrator array with compound boundary scheme one.
f variation characteristics. Wherein the horizontal axis (X axis) is frequency f, and the unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is gain in dBi; the smooth line indicates +45° polarization and the dotted line indicates-45 ° polarization. As shown in the figure, the gains of the two polarizations are respectively 13.65-15.80 dBi and 13.85-16.35 dBi in the frequency band of 4.80-6.0GHz (BW=1.2 GHz and 22.2%), and the gain consistency of the two polarizations is good.
Fig. 31 shows the front-to-back ratio FTBR vs of a five element ± 45 ° dual polarized PCB cross-vibrator array with compound boundary scheme one.
f variation characteristics. Wherein the horizontal axis (X axis) is frequency f, and the unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is FTBR in dB; the smooth line indicates +45° polarization and the dotted line indicates-45 ° polarization. As shown in the figure, the two polarizations are in the 4.80-6.0GHz frequency band (BW=1.2 GHz, 22.2%), the FTBR is 17.5-22.0 dBi and 18.5-23.0 dBi respectively, and the front and back of the two polarizations are relatively high.
Fig. 32 shows normalized side lobe levels SLL vs for a five-element ± 45 ° dual polarized PCB cross vibrator array with compound boundary scheme one.
f variation characteristics. Wherein the horizontal axis (X axis) is frequency f, and the unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is normalized SLL in dB; the smooth line indicates +45° polarization and the dotted line indicates-45 ° polarization. As shown in the figure, the two polarizations are in the 4.80-6.0GHz frequency band (BW=1.2 GHz, 22.2%), the normalized SLL is-11.25-16.50 dB, 10.5-17.5 dB respectively, and the two polarizations are better.
The foregoing is merely a preferred example of the present invention and is not intended to limit or define the invention. Various modifications and alterations of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The wide-beam high-gain antenna is characterized by comprising a plurality of crossed oscillator pairs which are arranged on a reflecting plate and are arranged in an array mode, wherein each crossed oscillator pair comprises a sagging broadband oscillator printed on two medium substrates, the two sagging broadband oscillators are arranged in a crossed mode, each sagging broadband oscillator comprises two oscillator arms which are symmetrically arranged, each oscillator arm is an inverted L-shaped piece and comprises a vertical section, a horizontal section connected with the upper end of the vertical section, the tail end of the horizontal section is downwards bent, a parasitic unit is arranged on the upper side of each oscillator arm, a microstrip line is arranged on the other side of each medium substrate, and two paths of printed feed networks are arranged on the front face or the back face of the reflecting plate for feeding;
the outer sides of the corners of the vertical section and the horizontal section of the vibrator arm are cut with oblique angles, and the upper part of the vertical section is cut with a platform inwards; the bottom end of one of the vibrator arms is provided with a notch;
the parasitic units are symmetrically arranged on the upper part of the drooping broadband vibrator along the trend of the two arms of the vibrator;
the parasitic unit is an elongated strip connected to the tail section of the bending section of the tail end of the vibrator from the platform, and a gap is reserved between the parasitic unit and the edge of the vibrator arm; or the parasitic unit is a fine line frame, the middle position of the lower part of the parasitic unit is disconnected, one end of the opening, which is close to the outer side of the vibrator arm, is connected with another horizontal branch, the tail end of the horizontal branch is bent downwards and is basically parallel to the corner cutting edge of the vibrator, and then the horizontal branch is connected with the platform;
the two side edges of the reflecting plate are provided with metal boundaries, the composite boundaries comprise a group of baffle-shaped composite bodies arranged on the inner layer and a group of door frame composite bodies arranged on the outer layer, the composite boundaries are arranged on the two side edges of the reflecting plate in a periodic manner, the initial section of the door frame composite bodies is upright on the floor, and the tail ends of the door frame composite bodies are continuously bent outwards and suspended above the floor; the partition plate-shaped composite body is erected on the floor and is a straight bending conductor sheet which is bilaterally symmetrical, and the right angle part is connected or disconnected.
2. The wide-beam high-gain antenna according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate is provided with an upward slot between the two dipole arms at the bottom and extends to the vicinity of the platform; or the dielectric substrate is provided with a downward slot from the position between the two vibrator arms at the top and extends to the vicinity of the upper part of the vertical section.
3. The wide-beam high-gain antenna of claim 1, wherein the microstrip line takes a vertical section of the drooping broadband oscillator as a ground plane, is arranged on the other side of the dielectric substrate along the direction of the central line, has a line width smaller than the width of the ground plane, and has a starting position slightly higher than the width of the ground plane, and when the microstrip line extends upwards from the bottom end of an oscillator arm to a platform at the upper part of the vertical section of the oscillator, the microstrip line extends horizontally in a reverse direction towards the horizontal section of the oscillator arm to divide a downward extending vertical branch near the platform; the horizontal extension section continues to extend to the other arm platform of the vibrator, and then bends downwards and extends for a certain length.
4. The wide-beam high-gain antenna of claim 1, wherein the two crossed drooping broadband vibrators are crossed and symmetrical at + -45 degrees or H/V, two microstrip line horizontal extension sections at the crossing are arranged up and down, complementary grooves are formed on the central lines of the two dielectric substrates, and the total depth of the two grooves is equal to the height of the dielectric substrates.
5. The wide-beam high-gain antenna according to claim 1, wherein a radome is provided outside the element array to protect the antenna radiator and other components.
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CN110061341A (en) * 2018-01-19 2019-07-26 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 A kind of railway covering method, broad beam high-gain aerial and multiband common antenna
CN109167163B (en) * 2018-09-03 2024-01-05 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 Ultra-wideband dual-polarized oscillator antenna
CN109659673B (en) * 2018-12-14 2024-01-05 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 Wide-beam high-gain dual-polarized directional antenna
CN110034372A (en) * 2019-05-13 2019-07-19 中国科学院国家天文台 A kind of wideband dual polarized butterfly oscillator of plane bending cross type
CN112615145B (en) * 2020-12-14 2021-10-22 西安电子科技大学 Hemispherical wave beam ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna
CN113690612B (en) * 2021-07-09 2022-12-16 华南理工大学 Full-polarization rectifying antenna with wide bandwidth power range and energy transmission system

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