CN107186849B

CN107186849B - Production process of high-precision forestry combined blade

Info

Publication number: CN107186849B
Application number: CN201710597092.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘道豹; 刘威; 朱正海; 刘国庆
Original assignee: Anhui Lingfeng Metallurgical Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Anhui Lingfeng Metallurgical Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2017-07-20
Filing date: 2017-07-20
Publication date: 2021-02-05
Anticipated expiration: 2037-07-20
Also published as: CN109591142B; CN109591143A; CN109591143B; CN107186849A; CN109591142A; CN109318330A

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-precision forestry combined blade and a production process thereof, and belongs to the field of forestry blades. The production process comprises the steps of respectively processing the wear-resisting plate, the fly cutter and the blade, wherein the processing of the wear-resisting plate comprises the following steps: rough machining of the surface of a blank, rough turning machining, rough machining of a knife edge, heat treatment, grinding machining and inspection; the fly cutter processing comprises the following steps: rough machining of the surface of a blank, heat treatment, grinding machining and inspection; the processing of the blade comprises the following steps: rough machining of the surface of a blank, heat treatment, grinding machining and inspection. The forestry combined blade overcomes the defects that the processing precision of the forestry combined blade is not high and the use effect is influenced in the prior art, and the processing precision of each part of the combined blade is effectively improved by strictly controlling each processing procedure, so that the forestry combined blade is convenient to install and the use effect is obviously improved.

Description

Production process of high-precision forestry combined blade

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of forestry blades, in particular to a high-precision forestry combined blade and a production process thereof.

Background

The forestry machine is used for forestation, wood cutting and forestry hoisting and conveying, the common forestry machine comprises a seed picker, a brush cutter, a hole digger, a building machine, a strip inserting machine, a tree planting machine, a flaker and the like, a plurality of combined blades are usually installed on the machine equipment for cutting, for example, a ring flaker is taken as an example, the machine equipment is one of host machines of a shaving production and preparation workshop section, wood chips, bamboo chips and crushed veneers are taken as raw materials and are sliced into shavings with certain thickness as raw materials for manufacturing flakeboards, the combined blades comprise wear-resistant plates, fly knives, blades and the like, specifically, as shown in figure 1, the using state schematic diagram of the combined blades of the ring flaker is shown, a plurality of groups of the combined blades are arranged between an inner side impeller 8 and an outer side knife ring 11, each fly knife 2 is correspondingly fixed on a fly knife supporting seat 10 and is fixedly matched with the wear-resistant plate 1 at the bottom of the fly knife supporting seat 10, and the blades, the multiple groups of combined blades are uniformly arranged at intervals in a surrounding mode along the circumferential direction of the cutter ring 11, the wood chips 9 enter the cutting cavity and are cut by the knife edge of the fly cutter 2, the thickness of cutting chips is determined by the extension amount of the fly cutter 2 and the gap between the fly cutter 2 and the adjacent wear-resisting plate 1, the flaker is widely applied in production, and the flaker has high requirements on the service performance of the combined blades.

The assembly usability of the combined blade is closely related to the machining precision of each part, the machining of the combined blade at present is mainly completed by the procedures of turning, milling and the like, the machining precision of each part is not controlled ideally, the problems of difficult blade installation, poor matching, difficult control of cutting thickness and the like are caused when the combined blade is used, the yield and the efficiency of the planing blade are influenced, the inconvenience is brought to actual production, and how to effectively ensure the machining precision of each part is pursued by the industry with a neutral mark.

Through retrieval, the technical improvement of the blade for forestry has been disclosed in patents, such as Chinese patent application No.: 2013104478215, filing date: in 2013, 9 and 27 months, the invention and creation name is: the cutter ring device comprises an impeller and a cutter ring arranged on the outer side of the impeller, the cutter ring consists of a plurality of planer tool devices, the planer tool devices are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the impeller, the planer tool devices are fixedly connected with the impeller, each planer tool device comprises a tool rest, a tool adjusting plate arranged between the tool rest and the impeller, a cutter arranged on one side of the tool rest, a cutter pressing plate used for fixing the cutter and a fastening screw; the knife adjusting plate is fixedly connected with the knife rest, the knife is arranged at an included angle with the radial direction of the impeller, the tip of the knife close to the impeller extends out of the knife rest by 0.9-1mm towards the impeller direction, and the gap between the impeller and the knife ring is 2-4 mm. The application improves the thickness of the wood which can be processed and the slicing efficiency by enlarging the clearance between the knife ring devices, but the application improves the structure design, does not adjust the processing technology of the knife, and still has great improvement space for the processing precision.

Also as in chinese patent application No.: 2017102010321, filing date: 3, 30 months in 2017, the name of the invention is: a high-precision disc rolling shear blade and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed, wherein the rolling shear is manufactured by adopting the following method: step 1, rough machining is carried out, and a fine machining allowance is kept to be 0.40-0.60 mm; step 2, quenching, putting into hot oil or nitrate to 140 ℃, and taking out; step 3, carrying out cryogenic treatment, and keeping the temperature for 4-6h in an environment of-140 to-160 ℃; step 4, tempering, heating to 500 ℃ and 10 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, discharging, and cooling to room temperature; step 5, grinding; and step 6, polishing, namely polishing the workpiece until the dimensional tolerance is-0.001 mm and the surface roughness is less than Ra0.07um. The application can effectively improve various quality indexes of the roller shear blade, has the beneficial effects of prolonging the service life and improving the shearing processing quality, but the application does not obviously improve the processing precision of how to control the blade.

Disclosure of Invention

1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of low processing precision and influence on use effect of the forestry combined blade in the prior art, and provides the high-precision forestry combined blade and the production process thereof.

2. Technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

the invention relates to a production process of a high-precision forestry combined blade, which comprises the following steps:

step one, machining a wear-resisting plate, comprising the following steps of:

s1, roughly machining the surface of the wear-resisting plate blank, and punching a plurality of mounting holes;

s2, roughly turning, namely, machining a boss on the wear-resistant plate and a first step surface and a second step surface on two sides below the boss by using a milling machine to enable the heights of the first step surface and the second step surface to be equal;

s3, roughly machining a knife edge, namely machining a first inclined plane, a second inclined plane and a third inclined plane at two ends of the wear-resisting plate in the width direction by adopting a planer, wherein the third inclined plane is an inclined plane adjacent to the first step surface;

s4, heat treatment;

s5, grinding;

s6, checking;

step two, the flying cutter processing comprises the following steps:

p1, roughly processing the surface of the fly cutter blank, and punching an installation groove and a process hole;

p2, heat treatment;

p3, grinding;

p4, checking;

step three, processing the blade, comprising:

q1, roughly processing the surface of the blade blank, and punching an assembly hole;

q2, heat treatment;

q3, grinding;

q4, checking;

wherein, the sequence among the first step, the second step and the third step is not limited.

Further, the heat treatment process in step S4 is as follows: firstly, putting an abrasion-resistant plate into a salt furnace, heating to 540-560 ℃, preserving heat for 25-35 min, heating to 840-860 ℃, preserving heat for 5-15 min, and then putting into an oil pool for cooling; and (4) putting the cooled wear-resisting plate into a nitrate furnace for tempering, wherein the tempering temperature is 390-410 ℃, and the tempering time is 2.5-3.5 h.

Further, the grinding process in step S5 is as follows: and (3) carrying out coarse grinding and then fine grinding on each plane of the wear-resisting plate by adopting a surface grinding machine, and carrying out stress relief tempering on the wear-resisting plate by adopting a thermal cycle trolley furnace after the fine grinding.

Furthermore, the tempering temperature of the stress-relief tempering in the step S5 is 390 to 410 ℃, and the tempering time is 2.5 to 3.5 hours.

Further, in the step S5, when the both side surfaces of the wear plate in the width direction are subjected to the finish grinding, the process is as follows: the wear-resistant plate is erected along the width direction, the columnar core rod penetrates through the mounting holes at two ends of the length direction of the wear-resistant plate respectively, the upper wall face of the mounting hole is tightly propped against the core rod, two ends of the core rod are fixed, the grinding amount of the upper side face of the wear-resistant plate in the width direction is controlled according to the distance between the machining cutter and the top of the core rod, after the machining of the upper side face is completed, the width direction of the wear-resistant plate is reversed from top to bottom, the process is the same as the process, and the grinding.

Furthermore, in the step S5, when the upper and lower planes in the thickness direction of the wear-resistant plate are ground, the edge of the grinding tool is inclined, and an included angle γ between the tangent line of the edge of the grinding tool and the plane of the wear-resistant plate is 5-15 °.

Further, the heat treatment process in step P2 is as follows: firstly, putting the fly cutter into a salt furnace, heating to 540-560 ℃, preserving heat for 25-35 min, then heating to 830-850 ℃, preserving heat for 5-15 min, and then putting into an oil pool for cooling; and (4) after cooling, putting the mixture into a nitrate furnace for tempering, wherein the tempering temperature is 370-390 ℃, and the tempering time is 2.5-3.5 h.

Further, the grinding process in step P3 is as follows: and (3) carrying out coarse grinding and then fine grinding on each plane of the fly cutter by adopting a plane grinder, and carrying out stress relief tempering on the fly cutter by adopting a thermal cycle trolley furnace after the fine grinding, wherein the tempering temperature is 370-390 ℃, and the tempering time is 2.5-3.5 h.

Further, the heat treatment process in step Q2 is as follows: firstly, putting the blade 3 into a salt furnace, heating to 540-560 ℃, preserving heat for 25-35 min, heating to 840-860 ℃, preserving heat for 5-15 min, and then putting into an oil pool for cooling; cooling to normal temperature, and then putting into a nitrate furnace for tempering, wherein the tempering temperature is 390-410 ℃, and the tempering time is 2.5-3.5 h;

further, the grinding process in step Q3 is as follows: and (3) carrying out coarse grinding and then fine grinding on each plane of the blade by adopting a plane grinder, and carrying out stress relief tempering on the blade by adopting a thermal cycle trolley furnace after the fine grinding, wherein the tempering temperature is 390-410 ℃, and the tempering time is 2.5-3.5 h.

The high-precision forestry combined blade comprises a wear-resistant plate, a fly cutter and a blade, wherein the wear-resistant plate, the fly cutter and the blade are manufactured by the production process.

Furthermore, an included angle alpha between the first inclined surface of the wear-resisting plate and the front of the second stepped surface is 40-60 degrees, an included angle beta between the second inclined surface and the boss in the thickness direction is 45-57 degrees, and when the included angle alpha is increased, the included angle beta is reduced.

3. Advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:

(1) according to the production process of the high-precision forestry combined blade, the machining precision of the wear-resisting plate, the fly cutter and the blade can be effectively improved through strict process control of all procedures, so that the machining precision of all parts of the combined blade is effectively improved, the assembly is convenient, and the use effect is obviously improved.

(2) According to the production process of the high-precision forestry combined blade, the two opposite side surfaces of the blank are milled simultaneously by adopting the double-head double-sided milling machine during rough machining, the blank can be machined by only clamping and positioning once, and the machining precision of the distance between the two side surfaces is ensured.

(3) According to the production process of the high-precision forestry combined blade, the knife edges of the grinding tools are obliquely arranged, the included angle gamma between the knife edge tangent line of the grinding tools and the plane to be processed is 5-15 degrees, the knife edges of the grinding tools are distributed in the annular circumferential direction, and the plane to be processed is linearly ground by rotating along the annular circumferential direction during processing, so that linear contact grinding is formed between the grinding knife edges and the plane to be processed, and the traditional surface contact grinding is not adopted, so that the contact surface is reduced, the grinding processing precision is improved, and the grinding uniformity is guaranteed.

(4) According to the production process of the high-precision forestry combined blade, disclosed by the invention, when the planes on two sides of the central hole are ground and processed, the upper wall surface and the lower wall surface of the central hole are positioned skillfully by using the core rod, and the distances from the upper wall surface and the lower wall surface of the central hole to the two side surfaces are ensured to be equal, so that the position precision of the central hole is ensured, namely the processing precision of the planes on two sides of the central hole is ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art ring flaker showing the use of composite blades;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the wear plate of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a left side view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the positioning of the core rod in the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the fly cutter of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a left side schematic view of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a blade according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a left side schematic view of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a first fixture of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a second fixture of the present invention in use;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a third fixture of the present invention in use;

fig. 12 is a schematic view of the grinding process of the wear plate of the present invention.

The reference numerals in the schematic drawings illustrate:

1. a wear plate; 101. a boss; 102. mounting holes; 103. a first step surface; 104. a first inclined plane; 105. a second inclined plane; 106. a second step surface;

2. flying a cutter; 201. mounting grooves; 202. a fabrication hole;

3. a blade; 301. an assembly hole; 4. a core rod;

5. a first gauge; 501. a through groove; 502. a through stopping groove; 6. a second gauge; 601. a mating groove; 602. detecting an inclined plane;

7. a third gauge; 701. a clamping groove; 702. a mating bevel; 703. a second mating surface; 704. a first mating surface; 705. a vertical section; 706. an inner inclined section;

8. an impeller; 9. wood chips; 10. a fly cutter supporting seat; 11. a knife ring; 12. and (5) grinding the cutter.

Detailed Description

For a further understanding of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 to 12, the forestry composite blade of the present embodiment mainly comprises a wear plate 1, a fly cutter 2 and a blade 3 used on a ring flaker, wherein the fit relationship and the principle of use between the wear plate 1, the fly-cutter 2 and the blade 3 is shown in fig. 1, here prior art, and not described in detail, the chips cut by the wood chips 9 are discharged from the gap between the adjacent fly cutter 2 and the wear plate 1, the size of the gap has obvious influence on the thickness of the cutting scraps and the processing capacity of the planing piece, and the size of the gap is closely related to the processing precision of each part when the planing piece is assembled, therefore, higher requirements are put on the machining precision of each part, the machining precision of each part also influences the final matched installation, and the production process of the embodiment mainly aims at respectively machining the key parts (the wear-resistant plate 1, the fly cutter 2 and the blade 3) of the combined blade with high precision.

It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the respective machining processes of the wear-resistant plate 1, the fly cutter 2, and the blade 3 do not have a requirement in sequence, and each component is separately machined and then installed and matched, specifically, the production process of the high-precision forestry combination blade of this embodiment includes the following steps:

step one, the machining of the wear-resisting plate 1 comprises the following steps:

s1, rough machining the blank surface of the wear-resistant plate 1, leaving machining allowance of 0.2mm on each surface (in this embodiment, all machining allowance technicians can adjust and change according to actual production requirements, and will not be described below), and punching a plurality of mounting holes 102; this blank is cuboid platelike structure, adopt the two-sided milling machine of double-end to carry out milling process simultaneously to two relative sides (being two sides of length, width, thickness direction) of blank during rough machining, two milling cutter intervals that set up relatively promptly confirm the distance between two relative sides of blank according to the production size requirement, the processing of two relative sides can be accomplished to the blank only need a centre gripping location, the machining precision of distance between two sides has been guaranteed, compare with traditional single face processing, many times clamping, size machining precision has effectively been improved. After each plane rough machining milling is finished, a plurality of mounting holes 102 are punched and cut in one step by adopting an integral die.

And S2, roughly turning, namely, machining the boss 101 on the wear plate 1 and the first step surface 103 and the second step surface 106 on two sides below the boss 101 by using a milling machine, so that the heights of the first step surface 103 and the second step surface 106 are equal.

S3, roughly machining a knife edge, roughly machining a first knife edge and a second knife edge of the wear-resistant plate 1, specifically machining a first inclined plane 104, a second inclined plane 105 and a third inclined plane at two ends of the wear-resistant plate 1 in the width direction by using a gantry planer, wherein the third inclined plane is an inclined plane adjacent to the first step plane 103; as shown in fig. 3, the first inclined surface 104 is a first blade edge and is fitted to and fixed to the fly cutter 2 on one side in use, and the second inclined surface 105 is a second blade edge and forms a gap for discharging chips between the fly cutter 2 adjacent to the other side in use. The included angle alpha between the first inclined surface 104 and the front part of the second step surface 106 is 40 degrees, the included angle beta between the second inclined surface 105 and the thickness direction of the boss 101 is 57 degrees, the size of alpha + beta is 95-117 degrees, when alpha is increased, beta is reduced, and when alpha is reduced, beta is increased. The control of the sizes of alpha and beta is significant to final installation and use, and production practices find that when alpha exceeds the range of 40-60 degrees, the alpha is extremely easy to clamp scraps between the flying cutter 2 which is matched and fixed, and even causes the problem of cutter breakage; the size of beta influences the chip thickness and the production capacity, and when the blade is used in the embodiment, a chip removal gap of 2-2.8 mm is formed between the second inclined surface 105 and the adjacent fly cutter 2, so that the production capacity is obviously improved, the abrasion to each part is small, and the service life of the blade is long.

S4, heat treatment; firstly, putting the wear-resistant plate 1 into a salt furnace, heating to 540 ℃, preserving heat for 25min, heating to 840 ℃, preserving heat for 5min, and then putting into an oil pool for cooling; after cooling to normal atmospheric temperature, put into the saltpeter stove with antifriction plate 1 and temper, tempering temperature 390 ℃, tempering time 2.5h, this embodiment adopts the secondary mode of tempering to antifriction plate 1, and twice tempering temperature is the same with tempering time, and in the time of just tempering, with the stack of multiple antifriction plate 1 compress tightly the saltpeter stove between two clamp plates again, effectively reduces antifriction plate 1 and warp.

S5, grinding; specifically, a surface grinding machine is adopted to perform rough grinding processing and then fine grinding processing on each plane (the rough grinding processing allowance and the fine grinding processing allowance in the embodiment can be adjusted and changed by technicians according to actual production requirements, and are not described in the following), each plane is separately processed, when two planes in the thickness direction of the wear-resistant plate 1 are ground, as shown in fig. 12, the knife edges of the grinding tools 12 are obliquely arranged, the included angle gamma between the knife edge tangent line of the grinding tool 12 and the plane of the wear-resistant plate 1 is 5 degrees, the knife edges of the plurality of grinding tools 12 are distributed in the circumferential direction in an annular shape, and the abrasion-resistant plate 1 is rotated along the annular circumference during processing to carry out linear grinding, so that linear contact type grinding is formed between the grinding knife edge and the abrasion-resistant plate 1, the non-traditional surface contact type grinding is beneficial to reducing the contact surface, improving the grinding machining precision and ensuring the grinding uniformity, and the machining deformation of the wear-resisting plate 1 is small.

It should be noted that, in the actual production, how to ensure the position accuracy of two planes when the two side surfaces of the wear plate 1 in the width direction are accurately ground is always a difficult problem to solve, as shown in fig. 4, the production requires that the mounting hole 102 is located at the center position of the wear plate 1 in the width direction, that is, the distance between the center position of the mounting hole 102 and the upper and lower end surfaces in fig. 4 should be the same, but it is difficult to locate the center position of the mounting hole 102 when the wear plate 1 is located and clamped, so that it is difficult to ensure that the mounting hole 102 can be located at the center position of the width direction after grinding, which results in frequent problems in.

In this embodiment, the installation hole 102 is skillfully positioned by using the mandrel 4, as shown in fig. 4, during the specific fine grinding process, the wear-resistant plate 1 is erected along the width direction and is positioned and clamped, the columnar mandrel 4 is adopted to respectively penetrate through the installation holes 102 at both ends of the wear-resistant plate 1 in the length direction, the mandrel 4 tightly pushes the upper wall surface of the installation hole 102, and both ends of the mandrel 4 are fixed, so that the mandrel 4 always tightly pushes the upper wall surface of the installation hole 102 and does not shake during the process of machining, the positioning is performed according to the distance from the tool bit of the machining tool to the top of the mandrel 4, the grinding amount of the machining tool to the upper side surface in fig. 4 is controlled, so that finally, the distance from the upper side surface of the wear-resistant plate 1 in the width direction to the top of the mandrel 4 is L1, after the machining of the upper side surface is completed, the wear-resistant plate 1 is turned upside, positioning is carried out according to the distance from the tool bit of the machining tool to the top of the mandrel 4, the grinding amount of the machining tool to the lower side face in the drawing 4 is controlled, the distance from the lower side face in the width direction of the final wear-resisting plate 1 to the top of the mandrel 4 is made to be L2, and the distances from the tool bit of the machining tool to the top of the mandrel 4 during two-side machining are controlled to be equal to ensure that L1 is equal to L2, namely the center position of the mounting hole 102 in the width direction is ensured. The inventor changes the traditional thought, does not put the center of the mounting hole 102 into position, but ensures that the distances from the upper wall surface and the lower wall surface of the mounting hole 102 to the two side surfaces are equal by means of the positioning of the core rod 4, thereby ensuring the processing precision of the upper side and the lower side in the width direction.

After finishing fine grinding of each plane of the wear-resisting plate 1, the thermal cycle trolley furnace is adopted to carry out destressing tempering on the wear-resisting plate 1, the tempering temperature is 390 ℃, the tempering time is 2.5h, and the internal residual stress is further eliminated.

S6, checking; after the machining is finished, except that the appearance and the machining size of the wear-resistant plate 1 are subjected to conventional inspection, the width of the boss 101, the width of planes on two sides of the boss 101, the gradient of the first inclined plane 104 and the gradient of the second inclined plane 105 and the like need to be accurately detected, so that the final machining quality of the wear-resistant plate 1 is confirmed, and the wear-resistant plate 1 is well matched with other parts for use. Specifically, as shown in fig. 9, the first detection tool 5 is used for detecting the width of the boss 101, through grooves 501 and a stopping groove 502 which are distributed at intervals are formed in the first detection tool 5, the widths of the through grooves 501 and the stopping groove 502 are respectively designed according to the width of the boss 101, the width of the through groove 501 is equal to the upper limit value of the width of the boss 101, the stopping groove 502 is equal to the lower limit value of the width of the boss 101, the through grooves 501 and the stopping groove 502 are respectively sleeved into the boss 101 to slide during detection, and the boss 101 which is qualified in processing can pass through the through grooves 501 and cannot pass through the stopping groove 502.

As shown in fig. 10, in the present embodiment, a second detection tool 6 is used to synchronously detect the inclination angle (i.e. the size of the included angle α) of the first inclined plane 104 and the width of the two side planes of the boss 101 (i.e. the first step plane 103 and the second step plane 106), the second detection tool 6 is a frustum-shaped structure with two inclined sides, the left side inclined plane of the second detection tool is a detection inclined plane 602, the inclination degree of the detection inclined plane is designed according to the standard inclination angle of the first inclined plane 104, a matching groove 601 matched with the boss 101 is formed in the second detection tool 6, the two sides of the matching groove 601 are respectively in corresponding close fit with the first step plane 103 and the second step plane 106, the two sides of the matching groove 601 are designed according to the standard widths of the first step plane 103 and the second step plane 106, when detecting, the second detection tool 6 is clamped on the boss 101, and the left wall surface of the matching groove 601 is close to the boss 101, so as to detect whether the detection inclined plane 602 of the second, whether the inclination angle of the first inclined plane 104 and the width of the second step surface 106 are qualified or not can be detected, and similarly, whether the inclination angle of the third inclined plane and the width of the first step surface 103 are qualified or not can be detected by closely abutting the right wall surface of the matching groove 601 with the boss 101 and detecting whether the right inclined plane of the second detection tool 6 is exactly located on the same plane with the third inclined plane of the wear-resisting plate 1.

As shown in fig. 11, in the present embodiment, a third detection tool 7 is used for detecting the second inclined surface 105 of the wear plate 1, specifically, a snap groove 701 matched with the boss 101 is formed in the third detection tool 7, two side planes of the snap groove 701 are a second mating surface 703 and a first mating surface 704, respectively, a width of the second mating surface 703 is designed according to a standard width of the second step surface 106, and a mating inclined surface 702 adjacent to the second mating surface 703 is designed according to a standard inclination angle of the first inclined surface 104, so that the third detection tool 7 can also detect an inclination angle of the first inclined surface 104 and a width of the second step surface 106; the end of the first mating face 704 is provided with a convex standing section 705, the top end of the standing section 705 is provided with an inner inclined section 706 extending towards the direction close to the clamping groove 701, the width of the first mating face 704 is designed to ensure that when the right side of the clamping groove 701 abuts against the boss 101, the inner side of the upstanding section 705 abuts the right end of the wear plate 1 (in the orientation of fig. 11) and the angle of inclination of the inner inclined section 706 is designed to correspond to the standard angle of inclination of the second inclined surface 105, and in particular, it should be noted that, in this case, the inner inclined section 706 does not abut the second inclined surface 105, but is distributed in parallel with the second inclined plane 105 with a certain gap kept, whether the inclination angle of the second inclined plane 105 is qualified is detected through whether the inner wall surface of the inner inclined section 706 is parallel with the second inclined plane 105, whether the clearance is 2-2.8 mm or not is detected to judge whether the second inclined surface 105 of the wear-resisting plate 1 and the adjacent fly cutter 2 can form a chip removal clearance of 2-2.8 mm during final installation.

This embodiment carries out the accurate detection to each item processing technology of antifriction plate 1 through a plurality of examines, guarantees its machining precision, ensures its good use, and each examines a simple structure, and it is convenient to detect, and especially adapted workshop operation uses.

Step two, the machining of the fly cutter 2 comprises the following steps:

p1, roughly processing the blank surface of the fly cutter 2, and punching an installation groove 201 and a fabrication hole 202; specifically, the blank of the fly cutter 2 is also of a cuboid plate-shaped structure, two opposite side faces are milled simultaneously by the double-head double-face milling machine, the clamping times can be effectively reduced, the processing precision is improved, and after the rough milling of each surface is finished, a plurality of mounting grooves 201 and the whole process holes 202 are punched.

P2, heat treatment; specifically, the fly cutter 2 is firstly placed into a salt furnace to be heated to 540 ℃, the temperature is kept for 25min, then is heated to 830 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5min, and then is placed into an oil pool to be cooled; and cooling to normal temperature, then placing the blank into a nitrate furnace for tempering, wherein the tempering temperature is 370 ℃, the tempering time is 2.5 hours, and the blank is placed into the nitrate furnace after the plurality of flying knives 2 are overlapped and compressed during tempering.

P3, grinding; the method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out coarse grinding and then carrying out fine grinding on each plane of the fly cutter 2 by adopting a plane grinder, wherein the grinding cutter 12 which is obliquely arranged is also adopted for carrying out line contact type grinding during the fine grinding, so that the grinding uniformity is effectively guaranteed, the processing precision is improved, and after the fine grinding is finished, the fly cutter 2 is subjected to stress relief tempering by adopting a thermal cycle trolley furnace, wherein the tempering temperature is 370 ℃ and the tempering time is 2.5 h.

P4, checking; and the appearance and various process dimensions of the tempered fly cutter 2 are routinely detected, so that the qualified machining is guaranteed, the precision requirement is met, and further description is omitted.

Step three, the processing of the blade 3 comprises the following steps:

q1, roughly machining the surface of the blade 3 blank, and punching an assembly hole 301; the blank of the blade 3 is also of a cuboid plate-shaped structure, two opposite side faces are simultaneously milled by a double-head double-face milling machine, and a plurality of assembling holes 301 are integrally punched at one time.

Q2, heat treatment; firstly, putting the leaves 3 into a salt furnace to be heated to 540 ℃, preserving heat for 25min, then heating to 840 ℃, preserving heat for 5min, and then putting into an oil pool to be cooled; and cooling to normal temperature, then putting the blade into a nitrate furnace for tempering, wherein the tempering temperature is 390 ℃, the tempering time is 2.5 hours, and during tempering, the plurality of blades 3 are overlapped and compressed and then put into the nitrate furnace.

Q3, grinding; the method comprises the following steps of firstly carrying out rough grinding and then carrying out fine grinding on each plane of the blade 3 by adopting a plane grinder, wherein the process is the same as the above, and it is required to be performed that the assembly hole 301 is also positioned at the center position of the width direction of the blade 3 during production and processing, in the embodiment, the finish machining of the two side surfaces of the width direction of the blade 3 is completed by adopting a method of positioning by using the core rod 4, so as to ensure the processing precision of the blade 3, and the principle is the same as; and after the finish grinding processing is finished, a thermal cycle bogie hearth furnace is adopted to carry out destressing tempering on the blade 3, the tempering temperature is 390 ℃, and the tempering time is 2.5 h.

Q4, checking; and (3) performing conventional detection on the appearance and various process sizes of the tempered blade 3, ensuring that the blade is qualified in processing and meeting the precision requirement.

In the embodiment, the processing sequence of the first step, the second step and the third step is not limited successively, the wear-resisting plate 1, the fly cutter 2 and the blade 3 are processed with high precision respectively and then are matched and fixedly installed with other parts for use, the strict process control of each process is realized through the embodiment, the processing precision of the wear-resisting plate 1, the fly cutter 2 and the blade 3 can be effectively improved, the wear-resisting plate 1, the fly cutter 2 and the blade 3 processed by the process are high in precision and good in performance, the subsequent accurate installation and good use of the wear-resisting plate 1, the fly cutter 2 and the blade 3 are guaranteed, and the enterprise production benefit is obviously improved.

Example 2

The production process of the high-precision forestry combined blade of this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1, except that in this embodiment, an included angle α between the first inclined surface 104 of the wear-resistant plate 1 and the second step surface 106 is 60 °, and an included angle β between the second inclined surface 105 and the thickness direction of the boss 101 is 45 °;

in step S4: firstly, putting the wear-resistant plate 1 into a salt furnace, heating to 560 ℃, preserving heat for 35min, then heating to 860 ℃, preserving heat for 15min, and then putting into an oil pool for cooling; after cooling to normal temperature, putting the wear-resistant plate 1 into a nitrate furnace for tempering, wherein the tempering temperature is 410 ℃, and the tempering time is 3.5 hours;

in step S5: the knife edge of the grinding tool 12 is obliquely arranged, and the included angle gamma between the knife edge tangent line of the grinding tool 12 and the plane of the wear-resisting plate 1 is 15 degrees; after finishing fine grinding of each plane of the wear-resisting plate 1, performing destressing tempering on the wear-resisting plate 1 by adopting a thermal cycle trolley furnace, wherein the tempering temperature is 410 ℃, and the tempering time is 3.5 hours;

in step P2: firstly, placing the fly cutter 2 into a salt furnace, heating to 560 ℃, preserving heat for 35min, then heating to 850 ℃, preserving heat for 15min, and then placing into an oil pool for cooling; cooling to normal temperature, and tempering in a nitrate furnace at 390 deg.c for 3.5 hr;

in step P3: after the finish grinding is finished, a thermal cycle trolley furnace is adopted to carry out destressing tempering on the fly cutter 2, the tempering temperature is 390 ℃, and the tempering time is 3.5 h;

in step Q2: firstly, putting the blade 3 into a salt furnace to be heated to 560 ℃, preserving heat for 35min, then heating to 860 ℃, preserving heat for 15min, and then putting into an oil pool to be cooled; cooling to normal temperature, and tempering in a nitrate furnace at 410 deg.c for 3.5 hr;

in step Q3: and after finishing the fine grinding, performing destressing tempering on the blade 3 by adopting a thermal cycle bogie hearth furnace, wherein the tempering temperature is 410 ℃, and the tempering time is 3.5 h.

Example 3

The production process of the high-precision forestry combined blade of this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1, except that in this embodiment, an included angle α between the first inclined surface 104 of the wear-resistant plate 1 and the second step surface 106 is 50 °, and an included angle β between the second inclined surface 105 and the thickness direction of the boss 101 is 51 °;

in step S4: firstly, putting the wear-resistant plate 1 into a salt furnace, heating to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, then heating to 850 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, and then putting into an oil pool for cooling; after cooling to normal temperature, putting the wear-resisting plate 1 into a nitrate furnace for tempering, wherein the tempering temperature is 400 ℃, and the tempering time is 3 hours;

in step S5: the knife edge of the grinding tool 12 is obliquely arranged, and the included angle gamma between the knife edge tangent line of the grinding tool 12 and the plane of the wear-resisting plate 1 is 10 degrees; after finishing fine grinding of each plane of the wear-resisting plate 1, performing destressing tempering on the wear-resisting plate 1 by adopting a thermal cycle trolley furnace, wherein the tempering temperature is 400 ℃, and the tempering time is 3 hours;

in step P2: firstly, placing the fly cutter 2 into a salt furnace, heating to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, then heating to 840 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, and then placing into an oil pool for cooling; cooling to normal temperature, and tempering in a nitrate furnace at 380 deg.c for 3 hr;

in step P3: after the finish grinding is finished, a thermal cycle trolley furnace is adopted to carry out stress relief tempering on the fly cutter 2, the tempering temperature is 380 ℃, and the tempering time is 3 hours;

in step Q2: firstly, putting the leaves 3 into a salt furnace to be heated to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, then heating to 850 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, and then putting into an oil pool to be cooled; cooling to normal temperature, and tempering in a nitrate furnace at 400 deg.c for 3 hr;

in step Q3: after the finish grinding processing is finished, a thermal cycle bogie hearth furnace is adopted to carry out destressing tempering on the blade 3, the tempering temperature is 400 ℃, and the tempering time is 3 hours.

The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, without departing from the spirit of the invention, the person skilled in the art shall not inventively design the similar structural modes and embodiments to the technical solution, but shall fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A production process of a high-precision forestry combined blade is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, machining a wear-resisting plate (1), comprising the following steps:

s1, roughly machining the surface of the blank of the wear-resisting plate (1), and punching a plurality of mounting holes (102);

s2, roughly turning, namely machining a boss (101) on the wear-resisting plate (1) and a first step surface (103) and a second step surface (106) on two sides below the boss (101) by adopting a milling machine, so that the heights of the first step surface (103) and the second step surface (106) are equal;

s3, roughly machining a knife edge, namely machining a first inclined plane (104), a second inclined plane (105) and a third inclined plane at two ends of the wear-resisting plate (1) in the width direction by using a planer, wherein the third inclined plane is an inclined plane adjacent to the first step surface (103); an included angle alpha between the first inclined surface (104) and the front part of the second step surface (106) is 40-60 degrees, an included angle beta between the second inclined surface (105) and the thickness direction of the boss (101) is 45-57 degrees, the size of alpha + beta is 95-117 degrees, when alpha is increased, beta is reduced, and when alpha is reduced, beta is increased;

s4, heat treatment; the process is as follows: firstly, putting an abrasion-resistant plate (1) into a salt furnace, heating to 540-560 ℃, preserving heat for 25-35 min, heating to 840-860 ℃, preserving heat for 5-15 min, and then putting into an oil pool for cooling; putting the cooled wear-resisting plate (1) into a nitrate furnace for tempering, wherein the tempering temperature is 390-410 ℃, and the tempering time is 2.5-3.5 h;

s5, grinding; the process is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of firstly carrying out coarse grinding and then fine grinding on each plane of the wear-resisting plate (1) by adopting a plane grinder, and then carrying out stress relief tempering on the wear-resisting plate (1) by adopting a thermal cycle trolley furnace after the fine grinding; the tempering temperature of the destressing tempering is 390 to 410 ℃, and the tempering time is 2.5 to 3.5 hours; the fine grinding process comprises the following steps: the abrasion-resistant plate (1) is erected along the width direction, a columnar core rod (4) penetrates through mounting holes (102) at two ends of the abrasion-resistant plate (1) in the length direction respectively, the core rod (4) tightly pushes the upper wall surface of the mounting holes (102), two ends of the core rod (4) are fixed, the abrasion amount of the upper side surface of the abrasion-resistant plate (1) in the width direction is controlled according to the distance between a machining cutter and the top of the core rod (4), after the upper side surface is machined, the abrasion-resistant plate (1) is turned upside down in the width direction, the process is the same as the above, and the other side surface of the abrasion-resistant plate in the width direction is ground; in the step S5, when the upper plane and the lower plane of the wear-resistant plate (1) in the thickness direction are ground respectively, the knife edge of the grinding tool (12) is arranged obliquely, and the included angle gamma between the knife edge tangent of the grinding tool (12) and the plane of the wear-resistant plate (1) is 5-15 degrees;

s6, checking; the width of the boss (101) is detected by using a first detection tool (5), through grooves (501) and a stopping groove (502) which are distributed at intervals are formed in the first detection tool (5), the widths of the through grooves (501) and the stopping groove (502) are respectively designed according to the width of the boss (101), the width of the through groove (501) is equal to the upper limit value of the width of the boss (101), the stopping groove (502) is equal to the lower limit value of the width of the boss (101), the through grooves (501) and the stopping groove (502) are respectively sleeved into the boss (101) to slide during detection, and the boss (101) which is qualified in processing can pass through the through groove (501) and cannot pass through the stopping groove (502);

a second detection tool (6) is used for synchronously detecting the inclination angle of the first inclined plane (104) and the width of the plane at two sides of the boss (101), the second detection tool (6) is of a frustum pyramid structure with two inclined sides, the left inclined plane of the second detection tool is a detection inclined plane (602), the inclination degree of the second detection tool is correspondingly designed according to the standard inclination angle of the first inclined plane (104), a matching groove (601) matched with the boss (101) is formed in the second detection tool (6), the planes at two sides of the matching groove (601) are respectively matched with the first step surface (103) and the second step surface (106) in a corresponding and abutting mode, the plane width at two sides of the matching groove (601) is designed according to the standard width of the first step surface (103) and the second step surface (106), the second detection tool (6) is clamped on the boss (101) during detection, the left wall surface of the matching groove (601) is abutted to the boss (101), and whether the detection of the second detection tool (6) and the first inclined plane (104) are exactly positioned on the same plane or not is, whether the inclination angle of the first inclined plane (104) and the width of the second step plane (106) are qualified or not can be detected, and similarly, whether the right wall surface of the matching groove (601) is close to the boss (101) or not and whether the right inclined plane of the second detection tool (6) and the third inclined plane of the wear-resisting plate (1) are exactly located on the same plane or not can be detected, and whether the inclination angle of the third inclined plane and the width of the first step plane (103) are qualified or not can be detected;

a third detection tool (7) is used for detecting a second inclined surface (105) of the wear-resisting plate (1), a clamping and embedding groove (701) matched with the boss (101) is formed in the third detection tool (7), two side planes of the clamping and embedding groove (701) are a second matching surface (703) and a first matching surface (704) respectively, the width of the second matching surface (703) is designed according to the standard width of a second step surface (106), and a matching inclined surface (702) adjacent to the second matching surface (703) is designed according to the standard inclination angle of the first inclined surface (104), so that the third detection tool (7) can also detect the inclination angle of the first inclined surface (104) and the width of the second step surface (106); the end part of the first matching surface (704) is provided with a convex vertical section (705), the top end of the vertical section (705) is provided with an inner inclined section (706) extending towards the direction close to the clamping groove (701), the width of the first matching surface (704) is designed to ensure that when the right side of the clamping groove (701) is close to the boss (101), the inner side of the vertical section (705) is just close to the right end of the wear-resisting plate (1), the inclination angle of the inner inclined section (706) is designed according to the standard inclination angle of the second inclined surface (105), the inner inclined section (706) is not closely attached to the second inclined surface (105) and is distributed in parallel with the second inclined surface (105) and keeps a certain gap, whether the inclination angle of the second inclined surface (105) is qualified or not is detected through whether the inner wall surface of the inner inclined section (706) is parallel to the second inclined surface (105), and whether the gap is 2-2.8 mm formed between the second inclined surface (105) of the wear-resisting plate (1) and the adjacent cutter (2.8 mm during final installation is judged through detecting whether the gap is The chip removal gap;

step two, the machining of the fly cutter (2) comprises the following steps:

p1, roughly machining the blank surface of the fly cutter (2), and punching an installation groove (201) and a process hole (202);

p2, heat treatment; the process is as follows: firstly, putting the fly cutter (2) into a salt furnace, heating to 540-560 ℃, preserving heat for 25-35 min, then heating to 830-850 ℃, preserving heat for 5-15 min, and then putting into an oil pool for cooling; after cooling, putting the mixture into a nitrate furnace for tempering, wherein the tempering temperature is 370-390 ℃, and the tempering time is 2.5-3.5 h;

p3, grinding; the process is as follows: roughly grinding each plane of the fly cutter (2) by using a plane grinder, then finely grinding, and after finely grinding, performing stress relief tempering on the fly cutter (2) by using a thermal cycle trolley furnace, wherein the tempering temperature is 370-390 ℃, and the tempering time is 2.5-3.5 h;

p4, checking;

step three, processing the blade (3), comprising:

q1, roughly machining the blank surface of the blade (3), and punching an assembly hole (301);

q2, heat treatment;

q3, grinding;

q4, checking;