CN1071839C - 发电站设备的运行方法 - Google Patents

发电站设备的运行方法 Download PDF

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CN1071839C
CN1071839C CN96105917A CN96105917A CN1071839C CN 1071839 C CN1071839 C CN 1071839C CN 96105917 A CN96105917 A CN 96105917A CN 96105917 A CN96105917 A CN 96105917A CN 1071839 C CN1071839 C CN 1071839C
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steam generator
heat recovery
steam
temperature
water
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CN1137605A (zh
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H·尼尔森
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ABB Schweiz AG
Alstom SA
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Asea Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/101Regulating means specially adapted therefor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y02P80/15On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

一种发电站设备的运行方式,该发电站设备包括燃气涡轮机组,余热蒸汽发生器及后级蒸汽使用器。燃气涡轮机组的废气将热递给在逆流方向上流经余热蒸汽发生器的水。水具有任意的温度并经过至少一设有调节阀的水导管直接地供入到余热蒸汽发生器中,该调节阀用于限制水流量和经过至少一蒸汽管道输送给蒸汽使用器产生的蒸汽而配置。在使用不含硫或含有少量硫的燃料的情况下,通过由温度计测量的余热蒸汽发生器出口处的蒸汽温度对调节阀进行控制;在使用带有含硫量的燃料的情况下,通过由温度测量计测量的余热蒸汽发生器出口处的废气温度对调节阀进行控制。

Description

发电站设备的运行方法
本发明涉及一种发电站设备的运行方法及装置,该发电站设备基本上由一个燃气涡轮机组,一个余热蒸汽发生器及一个后级蒸汽使用器组成,其中燃气涡轮机组的废气将热传递给在逆流方向上流经余热蒸汽发生器的水,及其中产生的蒸汽经过至少一个蒸汽管道输送给蒸汽使用器。
这种使发电站设备运行的方法是公知的。在余热蒸汽发生器中回收了燃气涡轮机组的废气的热能量并用该热能使水蒸发。所获得的蒸汽例如借助蒸汽涡轮机转换成电或在一种工业设备中作多功能的应用。
在使用含硫成分燃料的情况下在废气中存在硫酸。如果废气温度或容器管壁温度下降到硫酸露点温度以下,硫酸冷凝出来并可能在余热蒸汽发生器中出现由腐蚀产生的损坏。
本发明的任务在于:在导言部分所述类型的发电站设备的运行方法中,在使用带有任意硫含量的燃料的情况下对余热蒸汽发生器设计一种简单及经济的调节。
根据本发明,提供一种发电站设备的运行方式,该发电站设备基本上由一个燃气涡轮机组,一个余热蒸汽发生器及一个后级蒸汽使用器组成,其中燃气涡轮机组的废气将热递给在逆流方向上流经余热蒸汽发生器的水,其特征在于:水具有任意的温度并经过至少一个设有调节阀的水导管直接地供入到余热蒸汽发生器中,该调节阀用于限制水流量和经过至少一个蒸汽管道输送给蒸汽使用器产生的蒸汽而配置;在使用不含硫或含有少量硫的燃料的情况下,通过由温度计测量的余热蒸汽发生器出口处的蒸汽温度对调节阀进行控制;及在使用带有含硫量的燃料的情况下,通过由温度测量计测量的余热蒸汽发生器出口处的废气温度对调节阀进行控制。
其中本发明的优点在于,不需要专门的部件来预热进入余热蒸汽发生器中的水。由此节约了设备成本及如果要预热所需的蒸汽。由此有效地提高了这种设备的经济性能。
尤其合乎目的的是,废气从余热蒸汽发生器输出到烟囱的前方,余热蒸汽发生器的后级管道设计得与余热蒸汽发生器的使用寿命相适应。特别有利的是后级是由一种耐腐蚀材料构成的。它在由于低进水温度出现硫酸冷凝层的地点上保护了余热蒸汽发生器。因为在废气及水之间温差高的情况下用于热交换的面可以减小,因此可使耐腐蚀材料相对高的成本得到补偿。
在唯一的一个附图中借助概图方式描绘了本发明的燃气涡轮机及蒸汽涡轮机组合设备的一个实施例。
图中仅表示出对理解本发明主要的部件。
该图示的燃气涡轮机组基本上由一个压气机40,一个涡轮机41及一个发电机46,以及一个燃烧室43组成,涡轮机及发电机通过轴42相连接。空气通过空气进口44被吸入到压气机40中,被压缩后压缩空气被导入到燃烧室43中。在该燃烧室中对燃烧空气引入燃料45并燃烧该燃料一空气混合物。形成的烟气被导入涡轮机41中,在涡轮机中烟气膨胀降压,并且烟气的一部分能量被转化转动能量,该转动能量通过轴42用来驱动发电机46。
还热着的废气通过废气导管47被输送到余热蒸汽发生器8。在余热蒸汽发生器8中回收了废气的热能并由此使水蒸发。在释放热能后废气通过一个烟囱48被导入到大气中。水则通过一个逆流方向的水导管11在一个循环中流经余热蒸汽发生器8。所形成的过热蒸汽通过蒸汽导管6被输送到蒸汽使用器30。在图示情况下该蒸汽使用器涉及一台蒸汽涡轮机1。在该蒸汽涡轮机1中蒸汽作功减压并将获得的能量通过轴3输送到发电机2。通过废蒸汽导管4输出的废蒸汽进入到一个冷凝器5中被冷凝并在所属的热井中被中间存储。被冷凝的水将经过泵10及水导管11被输送到余热蒸汽发生器8中。
在水导管11进入余热蒸汽发生器8中以前在水导管11中装有一个调节阀20。
从余热蒸汽发生器8输出的蒸汽的出口温度将被蒸汽导管6中的温度测量计22测量,或是替代地经由蒸汽的量及压力来测量。废气温度则由余热蒸汽发生器8的废气出口处的一个温度测量计24来测得。
如果在燃烧室43中燃烧含有硫的燃料,则一部分的硫将转换成三氧化硫SO3。由此在与水接触时将形成硫酸。对于调节现在基本上分成两种情况:
在没有或带有少量硫含量的燃烧或天燃气的情况下,这种酸的成份很小。并且在很少量硫酸的情况下其露点很低(约50℃以下),以致在余热蒸汽发生器8中不形成任何腐蚀问题。调节阀20将根据温度测量计22处的蒸汽温度通过调节装置R进行控制,由此可使蒸汽产量最佳化。如果由温度测量计22记录到过低的蒸汽温度,则在调节阀20上减少水的流量。通过减少流经余热蒸汽发生器8的流量可使温度测量计22处的蒸汽温度上升。如果在那里蒸汽温度将上升到超过一预定值,则调节阀20还要开大些。在使用两个或多个水压/蒸汽压循环的情况下,对此必须彼此附加地进行调节,其中调节装置R设计得通过蒸汽涡轮机1有最佳的能量产出。
在带有中等或高的硫含量的燃料或石油的情况下,所生成的硫酸成份及硫酸的露点就高(约125℃以上),以致在余热蒸汽发生器8中产生了腐蚀问题。因此废气温度不能降到对于相应硫酸成份所对应的硫酸露点温度以下。在此情况下,温度测量计24处的废气温度成为起决定作用的调节量。在余热蒸汽发生器8中废气将借助于调节阀20通过水的流量限制被回收这样多的热能量,即将废气温度保持在相应的硫酸露点以上。
由于缺少预热或小的预热引起的进入余热蒸汽发生器8中的水的低温度将在余热蒸汽发生器的后级9中水流经的管道外表面上形成一层硫酸的薄冷凝层。但是该冷凝层不再增长,因为废气的温度被选择得高于硫酸露点。在供入水的水温仍很低,以致在余热蒸汽发生器8的后级中会形成硫酸膜层的情况下,必须使管道相应地适配。通常适用于任何材料的是,后级9的管道壁厚应考虑适应于预料的腐蚀作用及所期望的使用寿命。在非耐腐蚀材料的情况下,管道的壁厚则应选择得加厚由于腐蚀所损失的相应厚度。有利的方式是采用耐腐蚀的材料,如不锈钢或管道的耐酸层。这时将不出现腐蚀损耗,由此定会采用实质上较少的材料。
当然,本发明并不限制于所示以及所描述的实施例上。蒸汽涡轮机可通过任意蒸汽使用器来取代。水也可以是譬如不被回收的,因此可直接地将除气的并去矿物质的新鲜水供入到余热蒸汽发生器中。在余热蒸汽发生器中水压/蒸汽压力级的数目可以是任意的但必须与相应的情况相适配。

Claims (1)

1.一种发电站设备的运行方式,该发电站设备基本上由一个燃气涡轮机组(40,41,46),一个余热蒸汽发生器(8)及一个后级蒸汽使用器(30)组成,其中燃气涡轮机组(40,41,46)的废气将热递给在逆流方向上流经余热蒸汽发生器(8)的水,其特征在于:
水具有任意的温度并经过至少一个设有调节阀(20)的水导管(11)直接地供入到余热蒸汽发生器(8)中,该调节阀用于限制水流量和经过至少一个蒸汽管道(6)输送给蒸汽使用器(30)产生的蒸汽而配置;
在使用不合硫或含有少量硫的燃料的情况下,通过由温度计(22)测量的余热蒸汽发生器(8)出口处的蒸汽温度对调节阀(20)进行控制;及
在使用带有含硫量的燃料的情况下,通过由温度测量计(24)测量的余热蒸汽发生器(8)出口处的废气温度对调节阀(20)进行控制。
CN96105917A 1995-02-27 1996-02-27 发电站设备的运行方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1071839C (zh)

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DE19506727.4 1995-02-27
DE19506727A DE19506727A1 (de) 1995-02-27 1995-02-27 Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Kraftwerksanlage

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JP4892539B2 (ja) * 2008-11-20 2012-03-07 株式会社日立製作所 複合発電プラント及び排熱回収ボイラ
CN102449302B (zh) * 2009-03-26 2014-06-04 太阳存储系统公司 用于蓄热的中压储存系统
US20110094227A1 (en) * 2009-10-27 2011-04-28 General Electric Company Waste Heat Recovery System
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US8899008B2 (en) * 2012-05-15 2014-12-02 General Electric Company System and method for heat recovery in a gas turbine engine
CN107110067B (zh) 2015-03-05 2020-05-05 富士电机株式会社 双工质发电系统、控制装置及记录介质
JP6670123B2 (ja) * 2016-02-19 2020-03-18 株式会社神戸製鋼所 排熱回収装置及びバイナリ発電装置

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JPH08246815A (ja) 1996-09-24
US5706644A (en) 1998-01-13
EP0728916B1 (de) 1999-09-08
DE19506727A1 (de) 1996-08-29
DK0728916T3 (da) 2000-04-03
EP0728916A1 (de) 1996-08-28
CN1137605A (zh) 1996-12-11
DE59602980D1 (de) 1999-10-14

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