CN107181533B - A kind of interpretation method of fountain codes and the underwater sound communication transmission method of fountain codes - Google Patents
A kind of interpretation method of fountain codes and the underwater sound communication transmission method of fountain codes Download PDFInfo
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- CN107181533B CN107181533B CN201610134341.7A CN201610134341A CN107181533B CN 107181533 B CN107181533 B CN 107181533B CN 201610134341 A CN201610134341 A CN 201610134341A CN 107181533 B CN107181533 B CN 107181533B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
- H04B13/02—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0078—Avoidance of errors by organising the transmitted data in a format specifically designed to deal with errors, e.g. location
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of interpretation methods of fountain codes；The described method includes: receiving end receives n-th of generation vector G of transmitting terminal transmissionnWith coded vector TnWhen, the generator matrix G for being j to order(j)With generation vector GnThe matrix of composition carries out Gaussian reduction and handles to obtain intermediary matrix G ', if the order and G of G '(j)Order compared to increase, enable G(j+1)=G ', and to encoder matrix T(j)With coded vector TnThe matrix of composition carries out Gaussian reduction and handles to obtain encoder matrix T(j+1), the above process is repeated, until the order j of generator matrix, which is equal to, sends data block number K, then information matrix is T(K), decoding terminates.Decoding latency can reduce using fountain code coding method of the invention, while keeping low redundant frame ratio；Interpretation method based on the fountain codes, the present invention also provides a kind of underwater sound communication transmission methods of fountain codes；The transmission method can efficiently avoid influence of the feedback information propagation time to channel utilization, improve the utilization rate of channel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water sound communication technique, in particular to the interpretation method of a kind of fountain codes and the underwater sound communication of fountain codes
Transmission method.
Background technique
Underwater sound communication is the underwater important means for carrying out wireless information transfer.However, underwater acoustic channel temporal frequency selectivity
Decline is serious, and propagation delay is big, and bandwidth is low, and transmission quality is caused to decline.The reliable transmission of underwater mass data is in ocean ring
Border observes in real time, the data back of diving under water device etc. has important application demand.In view of underwater acoustic channel itself
Time variation, communication equipment and other acoustic equipments share the limiting factors such as storage processing capacity is limited of underwater acoustic channel and communication equipment,
Transmission process, simultaneously because the traffic rate of channel is limited, is passed in one transmission generally within 10 seconds
Defeated bit is limited, it is therefore desirable to data be carried out framing transmission, and use reasonable interframe mechanism for correcting errors.
In order to overcome data frame transfer caused by channel degradation to fail, conventional method is automatic passback mechanism (ARQ), is such as selected
Selecting property retransmission mechanism (S-ARQ).However underwater sound propagation speed is low, about 1500m/s, will cause channel feedback etc. using ARQ mode
The a large amount of time is occupied to process.Fountain codes can reduce feedback channel overhead significantly.Fountain codes (no-rate codes) are a kind of
Cope with the effective ways of erasure channel.Two aspects preferably are mainly reflected in without speed characteristic: first is that the letter of limited quantity
Source block is encoded, and can produce an infinite number of encoding block, because of the deletion error probability without knowing channel in advance, second is that
To the number of block required for decoding as close possible to the number of information source block, i.e. decoded redundant is close to 0.Fountain codes method is in channel radio
Have application in letter, reduce the expense of channel feedback in wireless communication, improves channel of the big data packet in framing transmission
Utilization rate.
However, fountain codes there is also some problems for underwater sound communication.Underwater sound communication narrow bandwidth, communication bit rate is low,
If intermediate range underwater sound communication distance is 5km, traffic rate is generally in 5kbps hereinafter, so the frame number of a packet is smaller, generally
1000 or less.And the data volume of the packet generallyd use is larger, the frame number that a packet can split into is in 10000 magnitudes, in nothing
Using the Luby code of sum-product algorithm decoding, Raptor code with preferable performance and quick process performance in line communication, and for
Redundant frame ratio needed for the few data packet of frame number, Luby code and Raptor code is generally more than 50%, and redundancy is excessive.Stochastic linear is compiled
The code data packet few for frame number is able to maintain low redundant frame ratio, but traditional Gaussian reduction decoding is computationally intensive, translates
Code delay is excessive, causes the decoding waiting time excessive.
Further, since underwater sound communication channel is that half-duplex channel has been sent if not utilizing the dissemination channel time in every frame
The detection that packet Success Flag is carried out at rear data packet transmitting terminal, the time for detecting waiting is two-way travel time, causes channel sharp
It is low with rate.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the above problem present in current fountain codes transmission process, one kind is first provided first
Tiring out line by line for fountain codes increases gaussian elimination interpretation method, and this method can reduce decoding latency, while keep low redundant frame ratio
Example；The present invention gives a kind of fountain decoding transmission method for reducing feedback channel transmission delay on this basis；This method can
Reasonable packet Success Flag transmission time slot is set using the dissemination channel time, efficiently avoids the feedback information propagation time to letter
The influence of road utilization rate.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention provides a kind of interpretation methods of fountain codes；The described method includes: receiving end
Receive n-th of generation vector G of transmitting terminal transmissionnWith coded vector TnWhen, the generator matrix G for being j to order(j)With generation vector Gn
The matrix of composition carries out Gaussian reduction and handles to obtain intermediary matrix G ', if the order and G of G '(j)Order compared to increase, enable G(j+1)
=G ', and to encoder matrix T(j)With coded vector TnThe matrix of composition carries out Gaussian reduction and handles to obtain encoder matrix T(j+1),
The above process is repeated, until the order j of generator matrix, which is equal to, sends data block number K, then information matrix is T(K), decoding terminates.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the method is specifically included:
Step S1) decoding is initialized: construction generates null matrix G(0)With coding null matrix T(0), enable j=0, n=1；
Step S2) receive n-th of generation vector GnWith coded vector Tn；
Step S3) it willGaussian reduction processing is carried out, the processing array of gaussian elimination is denoted as F(j), calculate intermediate
Matrix
Step S4) judge whether the order of G ' is equal to G(j)Order, if a determination be made that certainly, enable n=n+1, be transferred to step
Rapid S2)；Otherwise, it is transferred to step S5)；
Step S5) enable G(j+1)=G ', and by the treatment process F of gaussian elimination(j)It is applied toCalculating matrixJ=j+1 is enabled, step 6) is transferred to；
Step S6) judge whether j=K is true, if a determination be made that certainly, it is transferred to step S7)；Otherwise, n=n+ is enabled
1, it is transferred to step S2)；The parameter K is the number for the data packet piecemeal that transmitting terminal is sent；
Step S7) successfully decoded, information matrix T(K)。
According to the interpretation method of above-mentioned fountain codes, the present invention also provides a kind of underwater sound communication transmission method of fountain codes,
This method comprises:
Step T1) data packet to be sent splitted into several data frames, it encodes to obtain coded frame by fountain codes；
Step T2) according to the distance of transmitting terminal to receiving end, the signal propagation time τ of calculating transmitting terminal to receiving end；
Step T3) setting transmitting terminal sent after a coded frame etc. the time interval to be received for being bundled into function signal be
Tflag, TflagTo be bundled into function mark waveform duration；
Step T4) transmitting terminal transmission coded frame, receiving end utilizes above-mentioned fountain after receiving several correct coding frames
The interpretation method of code decodes the coded frame received；
Step T5) when receiving end is after receiving n-th coded frame, it is successfully decoded, then when receiving end is according to propagation delay
Between adjustment package pass signal sending time be t1, when so that the signal reaching transmitting terminal, transmitting terminal is waited for；
Step T6) transmitting terminal is in t1+ τ the moment detects packet pass signal, stops sending coded frame.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the step T5) in sending time t1Value are as follows:
Wherein, TframeFor the waveform duration of each coded frame.
The present invention has the advantages that
1, decoding latency can reduce using fountain code coding method of the invention, while keeps low redundant frame ratio；
2, fountain codes underwater sound communication transmission method of the invention can efficiently avoid the feedback information propagation time to letter
The influence of road utilization rate improves the utilization rate of channel.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is waveform timing chart in fountain codes transmission of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described in detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
One complete data packet is subjected to piecemeal, every piece contains M bit, total K data block, m in k-th of data block
A bit is denoted as Sk,m(1≤k≤K,1≤m≤M)；M-th of element is denoted as T in n-th of encoding blockn,m(1≤n≤N,1≤m≤
M), then
Wherein Gn,kFor generator matrix, element value is 0 or 1, binary system random value；
Cataloged procedure is write as the form of matrix are as follows:
T=GS
Wherein T is encoder matrix, and G is generator matrix, and S is input information matrix.
The order of generator matrix is K, and augmented matrix [G T] abbreviation is obtained row simplest form matrix by Gaussian reductionWherein I is unit matrix, and 0 is null matrix.Row simplest form matrix contains information matrix, thus completes and decoded
Journey.
The interpretation method of fountain codes of the invention is improved Gaussian reduction, and this method is often receiving a volume
Code block TnWhen to generator matrix GnGaussian reduction processing is carried out, and encoder matrix processing is carried out according to the increase of generator matrix order,
When the order of generator matrix is K, decoding terminates.
A kind of interpretation method of fountain codes；The described method includes:
Step S1) decoding is initialized: construction generates null matrix G(0)With coding null matrix T(0), enable j=0, n=1；
Step S2) receive n-th of generation vector GnWith coded vector Tn；
Step S3) it willGaussian reduction processing is carried out, the processing array of gaussian elimination is denoted as F(j), calculate intermediate square
Battle array
Step S4) judge whether the order of G ' is equal to G(j)Order, if a determination be made that certainly, enable n=n+1, be transferred to step
Rapid S2)；Otherwise, it is transferred to step S5)；
Step S5) enable G(j+1)=G ', and by the treatment process F of gaussian elimination(j)It is applied toCalculating matrixJ=j+1 is enabled, step 6) is transferred to；
Step S6) judge whether j=K is true, if a determination be made that certainly, it is transferred to step S7)；Otherwise, n=n+ is enabled
1, it is transferred to step S2)；The parameter K is the number for the data packet piecemeal that transmitting terminal is sent；
Step S7) successfully decoded, information matrix T(K)。
Based on the interpretation method of above-mentioned fountain codes, the present invention also provides a kind of underwater sound communication transmission method of fountain codes,
This method can reduce feedback channel transmission delay；It specifically includes:
Step T1) data packet to be sent splitted into several data frames, it encodes to obtain coded frame by fountain codes；
One complete data packet is subjected to piecemeal, every piece contains M bit, total K data block, m in k-th of data block
A bit is denoted as Sk,m(1≤k≤K,1≤m≤M)；M-th of element is denoted as T in n-th of encoding blockn,m(n >=1,1≤m≤M), then
Wherein Gn,kFor encoder matrix, element value is 0 or 1, binary system random value；
Cataloged procedure is write as the form of matrix are as follows:
T=GS
Wherein T is encoder matrix, G generator matrix, S information matrix；Stochastic linear fountain codes are a kind of basic fountain codes,
Required redundancy very little when optimal decoding, and redundancy block number and data block number are unrelated, there is good advantage in the case where block number is small.
Step T2) according to the distance of transmitting terminal to receiving end, the signal propagation time τ of calculating transmitting terminal to receiving end；
Step T3) setting transmitting terminal sent after a coded frame etc. the time interval to be received for being bundled into function signal be
Tflag, TflagTo be bundled into function mark waveform duration；
Step T4) transmitting terminal transmission coded frame, receiving end utilizes above-mentioned fountain after receiving several correct coding frames
The interpretation method of code decodes the coded frame received；
Step T5) when receiving end is after receiving n-th coded frame, it is successfully decoded, then when receiving end is according to propagation delay
Between adjustment package pass signal sending time be t1, when so that the signal reaching transmitting terminal, transmitting terminal is waited for；
As shown in Figure 1, t1Value are as follows:
Wherein, TframeFor the waveform duration of each coded frame；
When receiving end is in t1Moment sends packet Success Flag, at the time of reaching transmitting terminal are as follows: t1+τ；Due to:
NTframe+(N-1)Tflag+τ≤t1=iTframe+(i-1)Tflag-τ
Therefore, at the time of this moment is in transmitting terminal and has sent the i-th frame: iTframe+(i-1)Tflag；
Step T6) transmitting terminal is in t1+ τ the moment detects packet pass signal, stops sending coded frame.
Since underwater sound communication channel is half-duplex channel, the time that existing method detection waits is two-way travel time,
Channel utilization are as follows:
The channel utilization of transmission plan proposed by the present invention is
Since information source block number mesh K is generally 100~1000 in underwater sound communication, and transmitting terminal is when receiving packet Success Flag
The coding frame number sent is much larger than information source block number mesh, i.e. N > > α, and institute's above formula can be reduced to
Thus, in the case where frame number is sufficiently large, channel utilization is unrelated with path travel time.In underwater sound communication,
Assuming that N=108, TframeThe answer signal of=2s, τ=3s, receiving end transmitting use linear FM signal form Tflag=30ms,
It can obtain: η1=0.25 and η2=0.96.It can be seen that method of the invention significantly improves channel utilization.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of interpretation method of fountain codes；The described method includes: receiving end receives n-th of generation vector G of transmitting terminal transmissionn
With coded vector TnWhen, the generator matrix G for being j to order(j)With generation vector GnThe matrix of composition carries out Gaussian reduction and handles
To intermediary matrix G ', if the order and G of G '(j)Order compared to increasing, then G(j+1)=G ', and to encoder matrix T(j)And coded vector
TnThe matrix of composition carries out Gaussian reduction and handles to obtain encoder matrix T(j+1), the method specifically includes:
Step S1) decoding is initialized: construction generates null matrix G(0)With coding null matrix T(0), enable j=0, n=1；
Step S2) receive n-th of generation vector GnWith coded vector Tn；
Step S3) it willGaussian reduction processing is carried out, the processing array of gaussian elimination is denoted as F(j), calculate intermediary matrix
Step S4) judge whether the order of G ' is equal to G(j)Order, if a determination be made that certainly, enable n=n+1, be transferred to step
S2)；Otherwise, it is transferred to step S5)；
Step S5) enable G(j+1)=G ', and by the treatment process F of gaussian elimination(j)It is applied toCalculating matrixJ=j+1 is enabled, step 6) is transferred to；
Step S6) judge whether j=K is true, if a determination be made that certainly, it is transferred to step S7)；Otherwise, n=n+1 is enabled, is turned
Enter step S2)；Parameter K is the number for the data packet piecemeal that transmitting terminal is sent；
Step S7) successfully decoded, information matrix T(K)。
2. a kind of underwater sound communication transmission method of fountain codes, the interpretation method based on fountain codes described in claim 1 is realized, should
Method includes:
Step T1) data packet to be sent splitted into several data frames, it encodes to obtain coded frame by fountain codes；
Step T2) according to the distance of transmitting terminal to receiving end, the signal propagation time τ of calculating transmitting terminal to receiving end；
Step T3) setting transmitting terminal sent after a coded frame etc. the time interval to be received for being bundled into function signal be Tflag,
TflagTo be bundled into function mark waveform duration；
Step T4) transmitting terminal transmission coded frame, receiving end utilizes above-mentioned fountain codes after receiving several correct coding frames
Interpretation method decodes the coded frame received；
Step T5) when receiving end is after receiving n-th coded frame, successfully decoded, then receiving end is according to propagation delay time tune
The sending time of whole packet pass signal is t1, when so that the signal reaching transmitting terminal, transmitting terminal is waited for；
Step T6) transmitting terminal is in t1+ τ the moment detects packet pass signal, stops sending coded frame.
3. the underwater sound communication transmission method of fountain codes according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the step T5) in hair
Send time t1Value are as follows:
t1=(N+ α) (Tframe+Tflag)-Tflag-τ
Wherein, TframeFor the waveform duration of each coded frame.
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| CN107947804A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-04-20 | 厦门理工学院 | A kind of interpretation method and its device of LT codes |
| CN111262590B (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-11-06 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Underwater acoustic communication information source and channel joint decoding method |
| CN112311775B (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-10-08 | 清华大学 | Secret communication transmission method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN113162730B (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2023-02-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | Plasma sheath channel communication method based on space-time fountain codes |
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| CN101510783A (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2009-08-19 | 北京理工大学 | Multi-scale fountain encode and decode method based on finite domain |
| CN101582744A (en) * | 2009-06-19 | 2009-11-18 | 重庆邮电大学 | Encoding and decoding method of RS fountain codes based on iterative approach |
| CN104243096A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2014-12-24 | 重庆邮电大学 | Deep space multi-file transmission method based on fountain codes |
| CN104539387A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-22 | 杜秀娟 | Hop-by-hop reliable transmission control method for underwater wireless sensor network |
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| WO2008108708A1 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2008-09-12 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Improved retransmissions in a wireless communications system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101510783A (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2009-08-19 | 北京理工大学 | Multi-scale fountain encode and decode method based on finite domain |
| CN101582744A (en) * | 2009-06-19 | 2009-11-18 | 重庆邮电大学 | Encoding and decoding method of RS fountain codes based on iterative approach |
| CN104243096A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2014-12-24 | 重庆邮电大学 | Deep space multi-file transmission method based on fountain codes |
| CN104539387A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-22 | 杜秀娟 | Hop-by-hop reliable transmission control method for underwater wireless sensor network |
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