CN107181533A - A kind of interpretation method of fountain codes and the underwater sound communication transmission method of fountain codes - Google Patents
A kind of interpretation method of fountain codes and the underwater sound communication transmission method of fountain codes Download PDFInfo
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- CN107181533A CN107181533A CN201610134341.7A CN201610134341A CN107181533A CN 107181533 A CN107181533 A CN 107181533A CN 201610134341 A CN201610134341 A CN 201610134341A CN 107181533 A CN107181533 A CN 107181533A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
- H04B13/02—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0078—Avoidance of errors by organising the transmitted data in a format specifically designed to deal with errors, e.g. location
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of interpretation method of fountain codes；Methods described includes：Receiving terminal receives n-th of generation vector G of transmitting terminal transmissionnWith coded vector TnWhen, to the generator matrix G that order is j(j)With generation vector GnThe matrix of composition carries out Gaussian reduction processing and obtains intermediary matrix G ', if G ' order and G(j)Order compared to increase, make G(j+1)=G ', and to encoder matrix T(j)With coded vector TnThe matrix of composition carries out Gaussian reduction processing and obtains encoder matrix T(j+1), said process is repeated, until the order j of generator matrix, which is equal to, sends data block number K, then information matrix is T(K), decoding terminates.Decoding latency can be reduced using the fountain code coding method of the present invention, while keeping low redundant frame ratio；Interpretation method based on the fountain codes, present invention also offers a kind of underwater sound communication transmission method of fountain codes；The transmission method can efficiently avoid influence of the feedback information propagation time to channel utilization, improve the utilization rate of channel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water sound communication technique, the interpretation method of more particularly to a kind of fountain codes and the underwater sound of fountain codes are logical
Believe transmission method.
Background technology
Underwater sound communication is the important means for carrying out wireless information transfer under water.However, underwater acoustic channel temporal frequency is selected
Property decline it is serious, propagation delay is big, and bandwidth is low, causes transmission quality to decline.The reliable biography of mass data under water
It is defeated to have important application demand in terms of marine environment real-time monitored, the data back of diving under water device.Consider
To the time variation of underwater acoustic channel itself, the storage of communication equipment and the shared underwater acoustic channel of other acoustic equipments, and communication equipment
The limiting factor such as disposal ability is limited a, transmitting procedure is general within 10 seconds, simultaneously because the communication of channel
Rate-constrained, the bit transmitted in one transmission is limited, it is therefore desirable to which data are carried out into framing transmission,
And use rational interframe mechanism for correcting errors.
For the data frame transfer failure for overcoming channel degradation to cause, conventional method is automatic passback mechanism (ARQ),
Such as selective retransmission mechanism (S-ARQ).But underwater sound propagation speed is low, about 1500m/s will using ARQ modes
Channel feedback waiting process is caused to occupy the substantial amounts of time.Fountain codes can significantly decrease feedback channel overhead.Spray
Spring code (no-rate codes) is a kind of effective ways for tackling erasure channel.Preferably it is mainly reflected in without speed characteristic
Two aspects：One is that the information source block of limited quantity is encoded, and can produce an infinite number of encoding block, thus not
The prior deletion error probability for knowing channel is needed, two be as close possible to information source block to the number of block required for decoding
Number, i.e. decoded redundant is close to 0.Fountain codes method has been applied in wireless communications, is reduced in radio communication
The expense of channel feedback, improves channel utilization of the big data bag when framing is transmitted.
However, fountain codes there is also some problems for underwater sound communication.Underwater sound communication narrow bandwidth, communication bit rate
Low, such as intermediate range underwater sound communication distance is 5km, and its traffic rate is general in below 5kbps, so the frame of a bag
Number is smaller, and generally less than 1000.And the data volume for the bag that radio communication is generally used is larger, what a bag can be splitted into
Frame number has preferable in 10000 magnitudes, the Luby codes decoded in wireless communications using sum-product algorithm, Raptor codes
Performance and quick process performance, and for the few packet of frame number, redundant frame ratio needed for Luby codes and Raptor codes
Example generally more than 50%, redundancy is excessive.Stochastic linear coding can keep low redundancy for the few packet of frame number
Frame ratio, but traditional Gaussian reduction decoding is computationally intensive, and decoding latency is excessive, causes to decode stand-by period mistake
Greatly.
Further, since underwater sound communication channel is half-duplex channel, if not utilizing the dissemination channel time, in every frame hair
Packet transmitting terminal carries out the detection of bag Success Flag after the completion of sending, and the time that detection is waited is two-way travel time,
Cause channel utilization low.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above mentioned problem present in current fountain codes transmitting procedure, one is first provided first
Plant tiring out line by line for fountain codes and increase gaussian elimination interpretation method, this method can reduce decoding latency, while keeping low
Redundant frame ratio；The present invention gives a kind of fountain codes transmission side of reduction feedback channel transmission delay on this basis
Method；This method can utilize the rational bag Success Flag transmission time slot of dissemination channel set of time, efficiently avoid
Influence of the feedback information propagation time to channel utilization.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of interpretation method of fountain codes；Methods described includes：Connect
Receiving end receives n-th of generation vector G of transmitting terminal transmissionnWith coded vector TnWhen, to the generator matrix that order is j
G(j)With generation vector GnThe matrix of composition carries out Gaussian reduction processing and obtains intermediary matrix G ', if G ' order
With G(j)Order compared to increase, make G(j+1)=G ', and to encoder matrix T(j)With coded vector TnThe matrix of composition enters
The processing of row Gaussian reduction obtains encoder matrix T(j+1), said process is repeated, until order j of generator matrix etc.
In sending data block number K, then information matrix is T(K), decoding terminates.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, methods described is specifically included：
Step S1) decoding is initialized：Construction generation null matrix G(0)With coding null matrix T(0), j=0 is made,
N=1；
Step S2) receive n-th of generation vector GnWith coded vector Tn；
Step S3) willGaussian reduction processing is carried out, the processing array of gaussian elimination is designated as F(j), calculate
Intermediary matrix
Step S4) judge whether G ' order is equal to G(j)Order, if a determination be made that certainly, make n=n+1,
It is transferred to step S2)；Otherwise, it is transferred to step S5)；
Step S5) make G(j+1)=G ', and by the processing procedure F of gaussian elimination(j)It is applied toCalculating matrixJ=j+1 is made, step 6 is transferred to)；
Step S6) judge whether j=K sets up, if a determination be made that certainly, it is transferred to step S7)；Otherwise,
N=n+1 is made, step S2 is transferred to)；The parameter K is the number for the packet piecemeal that transmitting terminal is sent；
Step S7) it is successfully decoded, information matrix is T(K)。
According to the interpretation method of above-mentioned fountain codes, present invention also offers a kind of underwater sound communication transmission method of fountain codes,
This method includes：
Step T1) packet to be sent is splitted into several data frames, coded frame is obtained by fountain codes coding；
Step T2) according to the distance of transmitting terminal to receiving terminal, transmitting terminal is calculated to the signal propagation time τ of receiving terminal；
Step T3) set transmitting terminal sent after a coded frame etc. it is to be received be bundled into function signal time interval be
Tflag, TflagTo be bundled into work(mark waveform duration；
Step T4) transmitting terminal sends coded frame, and receiving terminal is after several correct coding frames are received, using above-mentioned
The interpretation method of fountain codes enters row decoding to the coded frame received；
Step T5) after receiving terminal is receiving n-th coded frame, successfully decoded, then receiving terminal prolongs according to propagation
The transmission time that slow time adjustment is bundled into function signal is t1So that when the signal reaches transmitting terminal, transmitting terminal, which is in, to be waited
State；
Step T6) transmitting terminal is in t1+ τ the moment, which detects, is bundled into function signal, stops sending coded frame.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the step T5) in transmission time t1Value is：
Wherein, TframeFor the waveform duration of each coded frame.
The advantage of the invention is that：
1st, decoding latency can be reduced using the fountain code coding method of the present invention, while keeping low redundant frame ratio；
2nd, fountain codes underwater sound communication transmission method of the invention can efficiently avoid the feedback information propagation time to letter
The influence of road utilization rate, improves the utilization rate of channel.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is waveform timing chart in the fountain codes transmission of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
One complete packet is subjected to piecemeal, every piece containing M bit, common K data block, k-th of data block
In m-th of bit be designated as Sk,m(1≤k≤K,1≤m≤M)；M-th of element is designated as in n-th of encoding block
Tn,m(1≤n≤N, 1≤m≤M), then
Wherein Gn,kFor generator matrix, its element value is 0 or 1, binary system random value；
The form that cataloged procedure is write as matrix is：
T=GS
Wherein T is encoder matrix, and G is generator matrix, and S is input information matrix.
The order of generator matrix is K, and augmented matrix [G T] abbreviation is obtained into row simplest form matrix by Gaussian reductionWherein I is unit matrix, and 0 is null matrix.Row simplest form matrix contains information matrix, thus completes
Decoding process.
The interpretation method of the fountain codes of the present invention is that Gaussian reduction is improved, and this method is often receiving one
Encoding block TnWhen to generator matrix GnGaussian reduction processing is carried out, and is encoded according to the increase of generator matrix order
Matrix disposal, when the order of generator matrix is K, decoding terminates.
A kind of interpretation method of fountain codes；Methods described includes：
Step S1) decoding is initialized：Construction generation null matrix G(0)With coding null matrix T(0), j=0 is made,
N=1；
Step S2) receive n-th of generation vector GnWith coded vector Tn；
Step S3) willGaussian reduction processing is carried out, the processing array of gaussian elimination is designated as F(j), calculate
Intermediary matrix
Step S4) judge whether G ' order is equal to G(j)Order, if a determination be made that certainly, make n=n+1,
It is transferred to step S2)；Otherwise, it is transferred to step S5)；
Step S5) make G(j+1)=G ', and by the processing procedure F of gaussian elimination(j)It is applied toCalculating matrixJ=j+1 is made, step 6 is transferred to)；
Step S6) judge whether j=K sets up, if a determination be made that certainly, it is transferred to step S7)；Otherwise,
N=n+1 is made, step S2 is transferred to)；The parameter K is the number for the packet piecemeal that transmitting terminal is sent；
Step S7) it is successfully decoded, information matrix is T(K)。
Based on the interpretation method of above-mentioned fountain codes, present invention also offers a kind of underwater sound communication transmission method of fountain codes,
This method can reduce feedback channel transmission delay；Specifically include：
Step T1) packet to be sent is splitted into several data frames, coded frame is obtained by fountain codes coding；
One complete packet is subjected to piecemeal, every piece containing M bit, common K data block, k-th of data block
In m-th of bit be designated as Sk,m(1≤k≤K,1≤m≤M)；M-th of element is designated as in n-th of encoding block
Tn,m(n >=1,1≤m≤M), then
Wherein Gn,kFor encoder matrix, its element value is 0 or 1, binary system random value；
The form that cataloged procedure is write as matrix is：
T=GS
Wherein T is encoder matrix, G generator matrixes, S information matrixs；Stochastic linear fountain codes are a kind of basic sprays
Spring code, required redundancy very little during optimal decoding, and redundancy block number and data block number are unrelated, in the case where block number is small
There is good advantage.
Step T2) according to the distance of transmitting terminal to receiving terminal, transmitting terminal is calculated to the signal propagation time τ of receiving terminal；
Step T3) set transmitting terminal sent after a coded frame etc. it is to be received be bundled into function signal time interval be
Tflag, TflagTo be bundled into work(mark waveform duration；
Step T4) transmitting terminal sends coded frame, and receiving terminal is after several correct coding frames are received, using above-mentioned
The interpretation method of fountain codes enters row decoding to the coded frame received；
Step T5) after receiving terminal is receiving n-th coded frame, successfully decoded, then receiving terminal prolongs according to propagation
The transmission time that slow time adjustment is bundled into function signal is t1So that when the signal reaches transmitting terminal, transmitting terminal, which is in, to be waited
State；
As shown in figure 1, t1Value is：
Wherein, TframeFor the waveform duration of each coded frame；
When receiving terminal is in t1Moment sends bag Success Flag, is at the time of reaching transmitting terminal：t1+τ；Due to：
NTframe+(N-1)Tflag+τ≤t1=iTframe+(i-1)Tflag-τ
Therefore, this moment in transmitting terminal sent the i-th frame at the time of：iTframe+(i-1)Tflag；
Step T6) transmitting terminal is in t1+ τ the moment, which detects, is bundled into function signal, stops sending coded frame.
Because underwater sound communication channel is half-duplex channel, the time that existing method detection is waited is two-way travel time,
Its channel utilization is：
The channel utilization of transmission plan proposed by the present invention is
Because information source block number mesh K is generally 100~1000 in underwater sound communication, and transmitting terminal is receiving bag Success Flag
When the coding frame number that has sent be much larger than information source block number mesh, i.e. N ＞ ＞ α, institute's above formula can be reduced to
Thus, in the case where frame number is sufficiently large, channel utilization is unrelated with path travel time.In underwater sound communication
In, it is assumed that N=108, Tframe=2s, τ=3s, the answer signal of receiving terminal transmitting use linear FM signal shape
Formula Tflag=30ms, can be obtained：η1=0.25 and η2=0.96.It can be seen that the method for the present invention significantly improves channel
Utilization rate.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of interpretation method of fountain codes；Methods described includes：Receiving terminal receives n-th of life of transmitting terminal transmission
Into vector GnWith coded vector TnWhen, to the generator matrix G that order is j(j)With generation vector GnThe matrix of composition enters
The processing of row Gaussian reduction obtains intermediary matrix G ', if G ' order and G(j)Order compared to increase, then G(j+1)=G ',
And to encoder matrix T(j)With coded vector TnThe matrix of composition carries out Gaussian reduction processing and obtains encoder matrix T(j+1),
Said process is repeated, until the order j of generator matrix, which is equal to, sends data block number K, then information matrix is T(K),
Decoding terminates.
2. the interpretation method of fountain codes according to claim 1, it is characterised in that methods described is specifically included：
Step S1) decoding is initialized：Construction generation null matrix G(0)With coding null matrix T(0), j=0 is made,
N=1；
Step S2) receive n-th of generation vector GnWith coded vector Tn；
Step S3) willGaussian reduction processing is carried out, the processing array of gaussian elimination is designated as F(j), calculate
Intermediary matrix
Step S4) judge whether G ' order is equal to G(j)Order, if a determination be made that certainly, make n=n+1,
It is transferred to step S2)；Otherwise, it is transferred to step S5)；
Step S5) make G(j+1)=G ', and by the processing procedure F of gaussian elimination(j)It is applied toCalculating matrixJ=j+1 is made, step 6 is transferred to)；
Step S6) judge whether j=K sets up, if a determination be made that certainly, it is transferred to step S7)；Otherwise,
N=n+1 is made, step S2 is transferred to)；The parameter K is the number for the packet piecemeal that transmitting terminal is sent；
Step S7) it is successfully decoded, information matrix is T(K)。
3. the underwater sound communication transmission method of a kind of fountain codes, based on the fountain codes described in one of claim 1 or 2
Interpretation method realizes that this method includes：
Step T1) packet to be sent is splitted into several data frames, coded frame is obtained by fountain codes coding；
Step T2) according to the distance of transmitting terminal to receiving terminal, transmitting terminal is calculated to the signal propagation time τ of receiving terminal；
Step T3) set transmitting terminal sent after a coded frame etc. it is to be received be bundled into function signal time interval be
Tflag, TflagTo be bundled into work(mark waveform duration；
Step T4) transmitting terminal sends coded frame, and receiving terminal is after several correct coding frames are received, using above-mentioned
The interpretation method of fountain codes enters row decoding to the coded frame received；
Step T5) after receiving terminal is receiving n-th coded frame, successfully decoded, then receiving terminal prolongs according to propagation
The transmission time that slow time adjustment is bundled into function signal is t1So that when the signal reaches transmitting terminal, transmitting terminal, which is in, to be waited
State；
Step T6) transmitting terminal is in t1+ τ the moment, which detects, is bundled into function signal, stops sending coded frame.
4. the underwater sound communication transmission method of fountain codes according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the step
T5 transmission time t in)1Value is：
t1=(N+ α) (Tframe+Tflag)-Tflag-τ
Wherein, TframeFor the waveform duration of each coded frame.
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| CN107947804A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-04-20 | 厦门理工学院 | A kind of interpretation method and its device of LT codes |
| CN111262590A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-09 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Underwater acoustic communication information source and channel joint decoding method |
| CN112311775A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-02-02 | 清华大学 | Secret communication transmission method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN113162730A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-07-23 | 西安电子科技大学 | Re-entering gap channel communication method based on space-time fountain codes |
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