CN107179254B - A kind of surface-to-surface contact twisting or micro-moving frictional wear pilot system and its control method - Google Patents
A kind of surface-to-surface contact twisting or micro-moving frictional wear pilot system and its control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of surface-to-surface contact twisting or micro-moving frictional wear pilot system and its control methods, wherein pilot system includes loading device, locating and clamping apparatus, friction pair, driving device, data acquisition device and computer measurement and control system, loading device applies normal pressure by load steel ball for friction is secondary, keeps the load of face contact in the secondary operational process of friction steady.Torque sensor, driving motor signal and the angular displacement signal of data acquisition device are connected with computer data acquiring control system, record and control the angular displacement amplitude size of fretting friction pair, and export the situation of change of fine motion friction torque in real time.The pilot system and its control method realized according to the present invention, with easy to operate, load is steady, angular displacement amplitude precision is higher, the features such as actual condition twisting or micro-moving frictional wear characteristic can preferably be reacted, the twisting fretting wear research being able to carry out under different loads, frequency and angular displacement amplitude.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to twisting or micro-moving frictional wear experimental technique fields, twist more particularly, to a kind of surface-to-surface contact
Micro-moving frictional wear pilot system and its control method.
Background technique
Fine motion is i.e. under the alternate load effects such as mechanical oscillation, fatigue load, electric and magnetic oscillation or thermal cycle, between contact surface
The minimum relative motion of the amplitude of generation (displacement amplitude is generally micron dimension), these contact surfaces are usually nominally static
, therefore fine motion occurs in the mechanical part that " fastening " cooperates, and causes the abrasion of mating surface and the germinating of crackle and extension etc.,
It all happens occasionally under the operating condition that such as aircraft, vehicle, ocean platform etc. bear complex stress, being used for the service life produces seriously
Influence.Therefore, for the contact situation under its specific operating condition, its fretting wear rule is studied, to fretting wear is reduced, is improved
The service life of component has vital theory significance and realistic meaning.
Fretting wear can be divided into three kinds of point/face contact, line/face contact and face/face contact contact forms by its contact form,
Experimental study is usually carried out with simplified ball/areal model in current twisting fretting wear research, but under actual operating condition,
Most friction pair is carried out in the form of plane-plane contact.It is corresponding, in existing micro-moving frictional wear field, due to not having
There is the twisting fretting wear test platform of unified standard, each big more options of researcher are against respective research object, and design is not
With the micro-moving frictional wear testing machine of form, but the development for the twisting micromotion wearing test machine being directed under face contact form is still compared
Compared with shortcoming.If Chinese patent (patent publication No. CN103196766A) discloses a kind of steel wire fretting friction wear testing machine,
Frictional wear experiment can be carried out to upper sample steel wire and lower sample steel wire, and can infinitely adjust the sliding stroke of micropositioner
With the pressure loading on micropositioner surface, but and be unsuitable for other contact forms fretting wear test；An other China is special
Sharp (patent publication No. CN103063530A) discloses a kind of micro-moving frictional wear testing machine, can be with appliance computer data at
The running that device automatically controls loading device according to positive pressure signal is managed, according to fine motion friction signal automatic Evaluation Sample A, sample
Polishing machine under the corresponding direct stress signal of B, displacement signal, and Sample A can cylindrical, spherical or blocky setting, but
The replacement that Sample A is only simply carried out in its device, there is no different contact forms is directed to, according to its different contact feature
Corresponding adjustment is made, and its forms of motion is not able to satisfy the needs of twisting or micro-moving；In addition having Chinese patent, (patent announcement number is
CN201555762U a kind of adaptive collet of sliding friction experiment) is disclosed, can make to come into full contact between surface of friction pair, but
Be without reference to specific testing machine structure, and its forms of motion be slideably.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, which is directed to, more meets the face contact concrete form of actual condition, proposes under a kind of form based on face contact
Twisting or micro-moving frictional wear experimental rig, it is steady with easy to operate, load, angular displacement amplitude precision is higher, it can be preferably
The features such as reacting actual condition twisting or micro-moving frictional wear characteristic, is able to carry out various different loads, frequency and angular displacement width
Twisting fretting wear research under value, can be used as the authentic experiments instrument of twisting fretting wear research.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of surface-to-surface contact twisting or micro-moving frictional wear pilot systems, special
Sign is that the system includes that loading device, locating and clamping apparatus, friction pair, driving device, data acquisition device and computer are surveyed
Device is controlled,
The clamping device, including upper specimen holder and lower specimen holder are respectively used to the fixed secondary sample that rubs up and down；
The loading device includes load bracket, support platform；The load bracket at least by longitudinal two side plates and
Lateral end cap forms the first space, fixes with the support platform；Guiding is provided in first space of the load bracket
Block is fixed with load crossbeam on the guide pad, and the load crossbeam is connect with connector, the fixed clamping of the connector
Upper specimen holder in device, the upper specimen holder are connected by the connector with the torque sensor, and steel ball is loaded
It is set between the upper specimen holder and the connector, is set on the upper specimen holder and the contact surface of the load steel ball
There is spherical groove engaged therewith, the loading device, which is that friction is secondary by load steel ball, applies normal pressure；On torque sensor
By being fastened on end cap, lower end shaft and connector square space gap cooperate at end；
The driving device generates opening and closing, revolving speed and the steering of driving signal control stepper motor, the step motor shaft
It is connect by reduction gearbox with the lower specimen holder shaft, encoder acquires and feeds back the rotation angle value hair of the stepper motor
It send to the computer measurement and control device；
The data acquisition device acquires the torque value of the torque sensor output and is sent to the computer and surveys
Device is controlled, the driving device is connected with the computer measurement and control device respectively with the data acquisition device.
Further, the load crossbeam is connected by screw to the guide pad, and counterweight institute's loaded load passes through described
Guide pad and load crossbeam are transmitted on load steel ball, and then are transmitted in specimen holder and friction pair again.
Further, the connector is connected by threaded fastener with the upper specimen holder, on the connector
End is machined with square hole, and the rectangular shaft clearance fit in the torque sensor lower end, to guarantee to turn round during load applies
Square sensor is not subject to axis load.
Further, the torque sensor is fixedly mounted on the end cap of the load bracket.
Further, it is sample and cyclic annular upper sample under tabular that the friction is secondary, the lower specimen holder and described flat
Sample has less than the surface depth of parallelism within 1 micron under plate, and the outer diameter of the upper sample is 10 ㎜, and internal diameter is 8 ㎜.
Further, the lower specimen holder is the form with lubrication groove, and frictional interface is immersed in the lubrication groove
In lubricant medium.
Further, the pilot system adjusts the angular displacement of the stepper motor by the computer measurement and control device
Amplitude come carry out fine motion or skimming wear experiment switching.
The invention also discloses a kind of control method of surface-to-surface contact twisting or micro-moving frictional wear pilot system, features
It is, which includes the following steps:
The angular displacement amplitude of the stepper motor is adjusted to select fretting wear test model either sliding wear testing
Mode；
The loading device is set and provides the load of load for the pilot system, the driving device drives the load
Device generates different loads, frequency and angular displacement amplitude to provide the wear test to rub under secondary different condition；
The torque sensor collects the friction torque between the upper sample and the lower sample, and torque sensor becomes
Device is sent to provide the driving power of the torque sensor, the torque value that the collection plate acquires the torque sensor output is sent
To the computer measurement and control device, the parameter of the loading device is acquired by the computer measurement and control device, so as to foundation
The parameter of the loading device executes the test under the execution different condition of driving device described in feedback control.
Face contact twisting micromotion wearing test machine of the invention has the advantages that it is this specific for face contact
Contact form, loaded by the way of counterweight load by loading steel ball, ensure that stability that load applies and equal
Even property, and the friction pair of face contact comes into full contact with always in the secondary operational process that rubs during twisting.On the other hand, upper specimen holder
Tool is using the design of fan-shaped annulus, and existing certain radial width guarantees the uniformity of contact during twisting or micro-moving, keeps away
Exempt to jump, also avoid that two plate style contacts area are excessive, the result for influencing test efficiency occurs.Lower specimen holder then leads to
It crosses retarder to be connected with stepper motor, encoder acquires and feed back the rotation angle of stepper motor, and collection plate acquires torque sensing
The torque value of device transmitter output, is coordinated by computer measurement and control system, to export various different loads, frequency in real time
Rub secondary polishing machine situation under rate and angular displacement amplitude, easy to operate, load is steady, angular displacement amplitude precision is higher,
Sliding wear testing mode can be switched to by computer measurement and control system when needed and compares test, it can better reaction surface
Contact twisting or micro-moving frictional wear rule under operating condition.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram (main view) according to one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the overall structure diagram (cross-sectional view) according to one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the connector in the pilot system realized according to the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the upper specimen holder in the pilot system realized according to the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the upper sample in the pilot system realized according to the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram for the lower specimen holder with lubrication groove realized according to the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the control principle drawing for the pilot system realized according to the present invention.
In all the appended drawings, identical appended drawing reference is for indicating identical element or structure, in which:
Specimen holder on sample 6- on sample 5- under specimen holder 4- bulk under 1- support post 2- support platform 3-
7- connector 8- loads bracket 9- torque sensor 10- guide pad 11- end cap 12- load counterweight 13- and loads crossbeam
14- loads steel ball 15- reduction gearbox 16- electric machine support 17- stepper motor 18- encoder.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
As shown in Figures 1 to 5, one embodiment of the present of invention is a kind of face contact twisting or micro-moving frictional wear testing machine,
Testing machine includes loading device, locating and clamping apparatus, rub pair, driving device, data acquisition device and computer measurement and control system,
Wherein:
Loading device provides the load of load by being set as whole testing machine system, locating and clamping apparatus for realizing
The flexible fixed clamp secondary to friction, driving device mainly pass through and are accurately arranged, and it is corresponding to generate to cooperate loading device
The way of contact, meet the pilot system that can be traced to the source of test requirements document to provide, encoder acquires and feeds back stepper motor
Rotation angle, acquire output torque value, coordinated by computer measurement and control system, so as to carry out in real time each
The test situation of the polishing machine of friction pair under kind different loads, frequency and angular displacement amplitude.
Firstly, loading device includes load bracket 8, support platform 2, load crossbeam 13；
Wherein load bracket 8 is at least made of two longitudinal side plates and lateral end cap 11, and can pass through screw threads for fastening
Part and support platform 2 fasten；Support platform 2 is bolted on the support post 1 of testing machine, and logical with electric machine support 16
Cross threaded fastener fastening；
Load 13 upper end of crossbeam is fixed with 10 phase of guide pad, and lower end is in contact with steel ball 14 is loaded, by guide pad 10
Upper placement loads counterweight, and then applies normal pressure to friction is secondary by load steel ball 14, and the contact interface for keeping friction secondary passes through steel
Ball is coordinated, and guarantees the uniformity of contact.
In the embodiment of the present embodiment, guide pad 10 and load crossbeam 13 are set to two side plates and lateral end cap
In the space of composition；
Load crossbeam 13 is fixed by screws on guide pad 10, and 12 active force of counterweight is horizontal by guide pad 10 and load
Beam is transmitted on load steel ball 14, and then is transmitted on specimen holder 6 and upper sample 5 again.
Clamping device, including upper specimen holder 6 and lower specimen holder 3, fixed friction up and down is secondary respectively, and lower specimen holder is logical
Reduction gearbox 15 is crossed to be connected with stepper motor 17, upper specimen holder 6 as shown in figure 3, upper specimen holder 6 play the upper sample 5 of connection with
The effect of connector 7, specially its upper surface are fastened by threaded fastener and 9 phase of torque sensor, and lower surface passes through screw thread
Fastener is connect with upper sample 5.Upper 6 upper surface center of specimen holder is machined with the conical socket for placing load steel ball 14, to protect
The stability for demonstrate,proving load, in attached drawing 3, which is soket head cap screw；Upper 6 upper surface of specimen holder is machined with simultaneously
Conical socket is connect by screw hole upper end with connector 7 to be put into load steel ball, and lower end is connect with lower sample.
7 specific structure of connector is as shown in Fig. 2, 7 upper end of connector is machined with square hole, and 9 lower end of torque sensor adds
Work has rectangular shaft, and the square hole of connector 7 and the rectangular shaft of torque sensor are attached by clearance fit, are designed to
The main purpose of clearance fit is to guarantee that torque sensor 9 is subjected only to peripheral force during measurement, prevents the process of load
Middle torque sensor 9 is influenced measurement accuracy by top-down axial force.Gap width is excessive also to will affect its angular displacement width
It is worth precision, gap width control in the present embodiment is at 100 μm or so；Secondary friction is sample 4 and cyclic annular above sample 5 under bulk, under
Specimen holder 6 and blocky lower sample 4 should have the preferable surface depth of parallelism, upper sample as shown in figure 4, the lower end surface in figure be with
Lower sample contacts wear surface, which is designed to (45 °) of part annular, rather than complete cycle is annular, it is therefore an objective to reduce contact
Area increases unit area footprint pressure, improves abrasion efficiency.As shown in figure 5, the outer diameter in upper sample contacts face is set in this experiment
It is calculated as 10mm, internal diameter is designed as 8mm, and upper sample upper surface is fastened by 4 threaded fasteners and upper specimen holder 6.
The purpose of driving device is to drive the relatively upper sample reciprocally swinging of lower sample, and driving device includes step shown in Fig. 1
Into motor 17, reduction gearbox 15, encoder 18 and external stepper motor driver.Pass through control stepper motor driver hair
Frequency and quantity of pulse signal out etc. to control opening and closing, steering, revolving speed and the amplitude of fluctuation of stepper motor, and then are controlled
Start and stop, fine motion amplitude and the fine motion frequency etc. of fine motion experiment processed；The lower shaft of stepper motor 17 is connected with encoder 18 simultaneously,
The information such as the encoder 18 acquisition and the rotation angle for feeding back stepper motor 17, feed back to host computer, realize 17 turns of stepper motor
The closed-loop control of dynamic angular displacement etc., to guarantee to control precision.
Data acquisition device includes torque sensor transmitter, collection plate, control panel, and torque sensor transmitter provides torsion
The driving power of square sensor, and output treated torque value is connect, the torque value of collection plate acquisition output is simultaneously sent to calculating
Machine TT&C system, control panel acquisition carrys out the stepper motor rotation angle value of self-encoding encoder, and can export to stepper motor driver
Control signal.In addition, the torque sensor is fixedly mounted on the end cap of load bracket by fastener；Under as shown in fig. 6,
Specimen holder is configured with friction media adding set, and the device and lower specimen holder one are arranged at cylindrical shape, are higher than in height
Upper and lower sample contacts interface, makes the present invention that the experimental test under differentiated friction medium may be implemented, and test may make to rub in this way
Interface in friction media all in being tested.
Fig. 7 show this measuring device TT&C system schematic diagram.It mainly include computer, data collecting card and stepping electricity
The part such as machine control and feedback is constituted.LabView software is installed, by the way that electricity can be inputted on software front panel on computer
Human-computer interaction is realized in the instructions such as start and stop, the signal acquisition of machine, while can also be inputted and be carried out the parameters such as fine motion amplitude, fine motion frequency
Setting, computer-controlled stepper motor issue pulse signal quantity and frequency, to control the amplitude of fluctuation of stepper motor
Degree and revolving speed etc..Encoder can collect the information such as the actual speed of stepper motor, and then feed back host computer again, host computer
The information such as the revolving speed of stepper motor sent and received according to data collecting card realize that the closed loop of stepper motor accurately controls.
Torque sensor can collect the friction torque between sample and lower sample simultaneously, then carry out putting for signal by transmitter
Big and conversion, and then acquired by data collecting card.The LabView software front panel installed on computer while it can show experiment
Current cycle time and real-time display friction torque curve, while control system of the invention can also be by adjusting come real
The switching of existing skimming wear and fretting wear experiment, mainly executes in the following way, method particularly includes: rub secondary line
Property relative displacement amplitude and the relationship of stepper motor angular displacement amplitude be, wherein θ be stepper motor angular displacement amplitude, r be rub
Wipe secondary contact radius.Make D in 300 micron ranges by setting θ, it can to carry out fretting wear experiment；If necessary to carry out
Skimming wear experiment, then adjust θ, makes D in the range of being greater than 300 microns, then can carry out skimming wear experiment.
The experimental technique index that this testing machine may be implemented is as follows:
1. normal load: regarding specific test requirements document, carry out the load of different quality counterweight；
2. motion frequency: 15hz or less；
3. angular displacement amplitude: the minimum angular displacement amplitude that testing machine may be implemented is 0.018 °, and when needed may be used
Test Wear and Sliding Wear Properties of Organic is that twisting or micro-moving frictional wear compares test.
4. there is the twisting or micro-moving frictional wear test under dry conditions and various different mediums.
The course of work of twisting or micro-moving frictional wear testing machine of the present invention is as follows:
According to load needed for test, different load counterweights is selected to be placed on guide pad, by under load crossbeam
Load steel ball is loaded, with the uniformity for keeping load to be distributed.Lower sample be fixed on lower specimen holder by reduction gearbox with
Stepper motor is connected, and stepper motor driver generates opening and closing, revolving speed and the steering of driving signal control stepper motor, encoder
The rotation angle of stepper motor is acquired and feeds back, meanwhile, control panel acquisition carrys out the stepper motor rotation angle value of self-encoding encoder, and
Control signal is exported to stepper motor driver, reciprocal twist motion amplitude is accurately controlled with this.On the other hand, pass through torque
Sensor transducer provides the driving power of torque sensor, and connects output treated torque value, collection plate acquisition output
Torque force value is simultaneously sent to computer measurement and control system, records twisting or micro-moving frictional wear torque under different cycle-indexes in real time
Situation of change.In addition, lower specimen holder and medium feeding device one are arranged at cylindrical shape, this experimental machine can also carry out difference
Twisting or micro-moving frictional wear test under medium.
The above-mentioned whole composed structure of system to be realized according to the present invention, the improvement of more details according to the invention with
Implement, further, as shown in Fig. 2, contact site is the cooperation of square hole shaft clearance between guide pad 10 and end cap 11, to guarantee
Guide pad can be moved downward freely when bearing counterweight weight, guarantee going on smoothly for load.
Load crossbeam is connected by screw to guide pad in loading device mutually fixes, and crossbeam lower end is pressed together on load steel ball
On, the load of counterweight applies positive pressure by being transmitted on load steel ball first to guide pad and load crossbeam, then to friction is secondary
Power.The secondary contact interface that rubs simultaneously can be contacted adaptive, the uniformity of the secondary contact of guarantee friction by steel ball；
Secondary friction is sample and cyclic annular upper sample under tabular, and on the other hand, lower specimen holder and blocky lower sample should have
There is the preferable surface depth of parallelism, upper sample there will be suitable radial width with the secondary stationarity contacted that guarantees to rub.
Upper specimen holder is connected by connector with torque sensor, and the contact surface of itself and load steel ball is equipped with and it
The spherical groove of cooperation, lower specimen holder are connected by reduction gearbox with stepper motor.
Connector is connected by threaded fastener with upper specimen holder, in position corresponding with torque sensor gauge head
Equipped with square hole, and between torque sensor gauge head there are certain gaps, during loading in vertical direction neither
It is in contact with torque sensor, is not also in contact with load crossbeam.
Torque sensor is fixedly mounted on the end cap of load bracket by fastener.
Lower specimen holder is configured with friction media adding set, and the device and lower specimen holder one are arranged at cylindrical shape,
It is higher than upper and lower sample contacts interface in height.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of surface-to-surface contact twisting or micro-moving frictional wear pilot system, which is characterized in that the system includes loading device, determines
Position clamping device, friction pair, driving device, data acquisition device and computer measurement and control device,
The clamping device, including upper specimen holder (6) and lower specimen holder (3) are respectively used to the fixed secondary sample that rubs up and down；
The loading device includes load bracket (8), support platform (2)；Load bracket (8) is at least by two longitudinal sides
Plate and lateral end cap (11) form the first space, fixed with the support platform (2)；The first of load bracket (8) is empty
It is interior to be provided with guide pad (10), load crossbeam (13), the load crossbeam (13) and company are fixed on the guide pad (10)
Fitting (7) connection, the connector (7) fix the upper specimen holder (6) in the clamping device, the upper specimen holder (6)
Connected by the connector (7) with the torque sensor (9), load steel ball (14) is set to the upper specimen holder (6)
Between the connector (7), the contact surface of the upper specimen holder (6) and load steel ball (14) is equipped with to be cooperated with it
Spherical groove, the loading device by load steel ball (14) be rub secondary (4,5) apply normal pressure；Torque sensor (9)
By being fastened on end cap (11), lower end shaft and connector (6) square space gap cooperate for upper end；
The driving device generates opening and closing, revolving speed and the steering of driving signal control stepper motor (17), the stepper motor
(17) axis is connect by reduction gearbox (15) with lower specimen holder (3) shaft, and encoder acquires and feeds back the stepper motor
(17) rotation angle value is sent to the computer measurement and control device；
The data acquisition device acquires the torque value of torque sensor (9) output and is sent to the computer measurement and control
Device, the driving device are connected with the computer measurement and control device respectively with the data acquisition device, the load crossbeam
(13) it is connected by screw to the guide pad (10), counterweight (12) institute's loaded load is by the guide pad (10) and loads
Crossbeam (13) is transmitted in load steel ball (14), and then is transmitted in specimen holder and the friction secondary (4,5) again, described
Pilot system the angular displacement amplitude of the stepper motor (17) adjusted by the computer measurement and control device come carry out fine motion or
The switching of skimming wear experiment, the connector (7) is connected by threaded fastener with the upper specimen holder (6), described
Connector (7) upper end is machined with square hole, and the rectangular shaft clearance fit in the torque sensor (9) lower end, to guarantee carrying
Torque sensor is not subject to axis load during lotus applies, and the torque sensor (9) is fixedly mounted on the load bracket
(8) on end cap (11), the secondary friction is sample (4) and cyclic annular upper sample (5), the lower specimen holder (3) under tabular
And sample (4) has less than the surface depth of parallelism within 1 micron under the tabular, the outer diameter of the upper sample (5) is 10 ㎜,
Internal diameter is 8 ㎜, and the lower specimen holder (3) is the form with lubrication groove, and frictional interface is immersed in the lubrication of the lubrication groove
In medium.
2. a kind of control method of surface-to-surface contact twisting or micro-moving frictional wear pilot system as described in claim 1, feature
It is, which includes the following steps:
The angular displacement amplitude of the stepper motor (17) is adjusted to select fretting wear test model either sliding wear testing
Mode；
The loading device is set and provides the load of load for the pilot system, the driving device drives the loading device
Come the wear test for generating different loads, frequency and angular displacement amplitude to provide under secondary (4, the 5) different condition of the friction；
The torque sensor collects the friction torque between the upper sample (5) and the lower sample (4), torque sensor
Transmitter provides the driving power of the torque sensor (9), and the collection plate acquires the torsion of torque sensor (9) output
Square value is sent to the computer measurement and control device, and the parameter of the loading device is acquired by the computer measurement and control device, thus
The test under the execution different condition of driving device described in feedback control can be executed according to the parameter of the loading device.
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