CN111272535B - Fretting sliding composite friction and wear test system and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Fretting sliding composite friction and wear test system and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fretting sliding composite friction and wear test system, which comprises a supporting device, a pressure loading device, a three-dimensional force sensor, a fretting and sliding driving device, a precise clamping device, a measuring device, a friction pair unit, a data acquisition card and a computer control system, wherein the pressure loading device is arranged on the supporting device; the computer control system is used for coordination, so that the wear performance conditions of the friction pair under different load sizes, friction force frequencies and vibration displacement amplitudes are output in real time; the test system realized by the invention can well simulate the actual situation that the actual motion modes of a plurality of friction pairs in human body and industrial application are combined and superposed by micromotion and sliding, and simultaneously can set the test load, the lubrication working condition, the sliding speed and speed of the sliding friction and the micromotion amplitude and frequency of the micromotion friction, and can carry out the friction wear test in pure micromotion and pure sliding modes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite frictional wear test system, in particular to a fretting sliding composite frictional wear test system.
Background
Fretting friction refers to the reciprocating motion of the contact surface in the order of micro or even nano, which usually occurs between the nearly static contact interfaces caused by fatigue load, mechanical vibration, electromagnetic vibration or thermal cycle, etc., and the motion is concealed, but the damage is huge. Fretting can cause the contact surface of the material to be damaged, cracks can be generated, and even the whole system can be failed; sliding friction means that when two objects in contact with each other have a relative movement or a tendency to move relative to each other, there is always an amount between the two objects in contact with each other that prevents such relative movement or tendency to move relative to each other, typically with a movement amplitude of at least the order of millimeters.
In human and industrial applications, the wear pattern of the contact surfaces is not single, but rather diverse. For screws on machine tools, the wear pattern is mainly fretting. For the guide rail, the wear pattern is mainly sliding. Fretting compound friction is also very common. For example, the human elbow joint generates micro-motion during small-amplitude motion, and slides during large-amplitude motion, so that the wear form is a micro-motion sliding composite. Meanwhile, a large amount of fretting sliding composite friction and abrasion phenomena exist in high-speed trains, thermal power and nuclear power equipment, military and civil aviation equipment, modern cable-stayed bridges and suspension bridges, transmission cables, offshore oil exploitation equipment and the like.
The micro motion can cause the contact surface of the material to be damaged and generate cracks; meanwhile, under the amplification effect of larger sliding friction amplitude, the crack is further enlarged. Therefore, the damage caused by the fretting sliding composite friction and wear mode is more huge than that caused by a single friction mode, and if the research on the fretting sliding composite friction and wear mechanism is strengthened, the fretting sliding composite friction and wear research under special working conditions such as high temperature, low temperature, vacuum and corrosive media is carried out, and appropriate measures are taken, the serious consequences caused by the fretting sliding composite friction can be greatly reduced. Therefore, the research for implementing the fretting sliding composite friction and wear test has an important guiding function for correctly evaluating the influence of various friction forms on the friction and wear performance of the material. The friction and wear testing machine can simulate the actual working condition environment more truly, and has great significance for exploring and verifying the friction and wear mechanism and the influence factors thereof in the actual engineering machinery so as to adopt proper measures to slow down the friction and wear phenomenon.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention fills the blank of the prior research field about the fretting sliding composite friction and wear, and provides a fretting sliding composite friction and wear test system which has the characteristics of convenient operation, reliable principle, compact structure, stable load, high precision of fretting and sliding amplitude, better response to the actual working condition, fretting sliding composite friction and wear characteristics, and the like.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention discloses a fretting sliding composite friction and wear test system which is characterized by comprising a supporting device, a pressure loading device, a three-dimensional force sensor, a fretting and sliding driving device, a precise clamping device, a measuring device, a friction pair unit, a data acquisition card and a computer control system, wherein the supporting device is connected with the pressure loading device through a pressure sensor;
the supporting device comprises a lower supporting part and an upper supporting part fixed on the top of the lower supporting part, the lower supporting part consists of four lower supporting columns and a lower supporting platform, the lower supporting platform is fixedly arranged above the four lower supporting columns, the upper supporting part consists of four upper supporting columns and a top plate fixedly arranged above the four upper supporting columns, and the four upper supporting columns are all fixedly arranged on the top surface of the lower supporting platform;
the pressure loading device comprises a hydraulic loading device, a hydraulic loading device bracket, a step plate, a loading block and a guide block, the guide block is a hollow cuboid structure which consists of a left side surface, a right side surface, a front side surface, a rear side surface and a lower bottom surface, one end of the cuboid structure is provided with an opening, the left side surface of the cuboid structure is provided with a left turning plate, the right side surface of the cuboid structure is provided with a right turning plate, the included angle between the left turning plate and the left side surface is 90 degrees, the included angle between the right turning plate and the right side surface is also 90 degrees, the left turning plate and the right turning plate are connected with a guide rail above the top plate through a sliding block, the top plate is provided with a square hole, the cuboid structure is positioned in the square hole, the loading block is in an inverted 'n' -shaped structure, the main body part of the loading block is positioned in the guide block and can slide up and down in the guide block; the stepped plate is fixedly connected with the left turning plate and the right turning plate, the hydraulic loading device support is fixedly arranged on the left turning plate and the right turning plate through the upright post, the hydraulic loading device is fixedly arranged on the lower bottom surface of the hydraulic loading device support, and an output shaft of the hydraulic loading device is fixedly connected with the stepped plate;
the friction pair unit comprises a blocky lower sample and a steel ball upper sample;
the micro-motion and sliding driving device comprises an electro-hydraulic vibration exciter and a high-precision electric translation platform, the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter is fixedly connected with the top plate through a large L-shaped plate, one side plate of the large L-shaped plate is fixedly connected with the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter, the other side plate of the large L-shaped plate is fixedly connected with the lower surface of the top plate, and an output shaft of the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter is fixedly connected with the right side surface of the hollow cuboid structure; the high-precision electric translation table comprises a high-precision stepping motor, a reduction box, a ball screw, a sliding plate, a sliding block and a supporting block, wherein the supporting block is of a U-shaped structure, the supporting block is positioned between the four upper supporting stand columns, the sliding plate and the ball screw are connected with two side walls of the supporting block, the high-precision stepping motor is fixedly connected with the reduction box, an output shaft of the reduction box extends into one side wall of the supporting block and is connected with the ball screw, a threaded through hole and a sliding groove which are matched with the ball screw are formed in the sliding block, and the sliding groove is matched with the sliding plate;
the measuring device consists of a scale grating and a grating reading head, the scale grating is fixed on one side surface of the supporting block, the grating reading head is fixedly arranged on one side surface of the sliding block through a small L-shaped plate, and the scale grating and the grating reading head are corresponding in position;
the three-dimensional force sensor is fixedly arranged at the lower end part of the loading block;
the precise clamping device comprises an upper sample clamp system and a lower sample clamp, the upper sample clamp system is arranged below the three-dimensional force sensor, the lower sample clamp is arranged on the electric translation table, the upper sample clamp system is used for fixing a steel ball upper sample, and the lower sample clamp is used for fixing a blocky lower sample; the upper sample clamp system consists of an upper sample clamp I and an upper sample clamp II which are fixedly connected through a countersunk head screw, the lower surface of the upper sample clamp I is provided with a spherical groove matched with a sample on the steel ball, the upper sample clamp II is provided with a cambered surface through hole, the diameter of the cambered surface through hole is smaller than that of the steel ball, and the cambered surface through hole is used for being matched with the sample on the steel ball;
lower sample anchor clamps are hollow massive structure, including left side board, right side board, preceding curb plate and posterior lateral plate, two screw thread through-holes have all been seted up to the upper surface of preceding curb plate and posterior lateral plate, and the double-deck ladder recess that the structure is the same has all been seted up to the lower surface of preceding curb plate and posterior lateral plate, and cubic sample both sides utilize first layer ladder side to control fixedly down, and lower sample upper surface utilizes first layer ladder bottom surface pressure to fix. The vertical height of the blocky lower sample is greater than that of the side edge of the first layer of ladder, and a 0.5mm gap is reserved between the bottom surface of the second layer of ladder and the upper surface of the lower sample. And the lower sample clamp is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the sliding block through a bolt.
Further, the invention also provides a control method of the fretting sliding composite friction and wear test system, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: setting a loading load of a hydraulic loading device; setting the motion amplitude and frequency of a driving shaft of the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter, thereby realizing the setting of the micro-motion amplitude and the micro-motion frequency; the motion amplitude and the speed of the high-precision electric translation table are set, so that the sliding amplitude and the sliding frequency are set;
step 2: the three-dimensional force sensor collects normal load applied by the hydraulic loading device along the vertical direction and friction force of the friction pair along the horizontal direction, which are born by the friction pair, and the data acquisition card converts the collected analog signals into digital signals. The computer control system compares the collected normal load with a preset normal load, and performs feedback adjustment on the hydraulic loading device according to the difference between the collected normal load and the preset normal load, so that the accuracy of the normal load of the friction pair is ensured; meanwhile, the computer control system stores and displays the friction force between the friction pairs in real time; the displacement of the upper and lower samples of the high-precision electric translation stage 7 is measured in real time by using a grating ruler, and meanwhile, the displacement amplitude is subjected to closed-loop feedback regulation, so that the accuracy of the sliding displacement amplitude is ensured;
and step 3: by changing the output load size of the hydraulic loading device, the motion amplitude and speed of the high-precision electric translation table and the motion amplitude and frequency of a driving shaft of the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter, the fretting sliding composite wear test under different loads, different sliding amplitudes and speeds and different fretting amplitudes and frequencies can be carried out; the wear test under the lubricating condition can be carried out by adding a lubricating groove below the friction pair and adding a lubricating medium until the contact interface of the friction pair is submerged.
And 4, step 4: by starting the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter and the high-precision electric translation table, a fretting sliding composite wear test can be carried out; a pure sliding wear test can be carried out by closing the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter and only opening the high-precision electric translation table; the pure fretting wear test can be carried out by closing the high-precision electric translation table and only starting the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter.
The fretting sliding composite wear test system and the control method thereof have the following beneficial effects:
1. the hydraulic closed-loop control loading device is adopted for loading, the stability and uniformity of load application are ensured, and the friction pair is fully contacted all the time in the vibration process.
2. The upper sample clamps I and II are designed to be arc surfaces, and even if the height of the in-plane sample or the loading load changes, the upper sample clamp system has a certain radial width to ensure the contact uniformity and avoid jumping because the upper sample clamp II is provided with a large arc surface with the diameter smaller than that of the steel ball.
3. The lower sample clamp is of a hollow block structure, and is used for enlarging the contact range between the upper sample and the lower sample and facilitating direct observation of the contact relation between the friction pairs; sample anchor clamps adopt double-deck notch cuttype design with sample contact site down, and the main objective leaves 0.5mm clearance between second floor ladder bottom surface and sample upper surface down, avoids direct contact between second floor ladder bottom surface and the sample upper surface down, avoids causing the destruction because pressure between the two to the structural feature on sample surface down.
4. The computer control system is used for coordination, so that the abrasion performance conditions of the friction pair under different load sizes, friction force frequencies and vibration displacement amplitude values are output in real time, and the method has the characteristics of convenience in operation, stable load and higher vibration displacement amplitude value precision.
The test system and the control method thereof have the characteristics of convenient operation, reliable principle, compact structure, stable load and high precision of micro-motion and sliding amplitude, can well simulate the actual situation that the actual motion modes of a plurality of friction pairs in human body and industrial application are combined and superposed by micro-motion and sliding, and solve the problem that the conventional friction wear testing machine cannot carry out related simulation research. Meanwhile, the test system can set test load, lubrication working condition, sliding speed and speed of sliding friction, and micro-motion amplitude and frequency of micro-motion friction. In addition, the test system can be used for friction and wear tests in pure micromotion and pure sliding modes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the friction pair and the fixture of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure loading device according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a motorized translation stage according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the construction of the lower sample holder of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the lubrication groove of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the measuring device of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-lower supporting column, 2-lower supporting platform, 3-upper supporting column, 4-scale grating, 5-small L-shaped plate, 6-grating reading head, 7-electric translation table, 8-block lower sample, 9-lower sample clamp, 10-upper sample clamp II, 11-countersunk screw, 12-upper sample clamp I, 13-three-dimensional force sensor, 14-loading block, 15-guide block, 16-hydraulic loading device support, 17-hydraulic loading device, 18-step plate, 19-guide rail, 20-large L-shaped plate, 21-electric liquid vibration exciter, 22-steel ball upper sample, 7-1: high-precision step motor, 7-2: reduction box, 7-3: ball screw, 7-4: electric translation stage housing, 7-5: dustproof cover plate, 7-6: a slide block,
Detailed Description
In order to clearly and completely describe the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention discloses a fretting sliding composite friction and wear test system which is characterized by comprising a supporting device, a pressure loading device, a three-dimensional force sensor, a fretting and sliding driving device, a precise clamping device, a measuring device, a friction pair unit, a data acquisition card and a computer control system, wherein the supporting device is connected with the pressure loading device through a pressure sensor;
the supporting device comprises a lower supporting part and an upper supporting part fixed on the top of the lower supporting part, wherein the lower supporting part consists of four lower supporting upright posts 1 and a lower supporting platform 2, the lower supporting platform 2 is fixedly arranged above the four lower supporting upright posts 1, the upper supporting part consists of four upper supporting upright posts 3 and a top plate fixedly arranged above the four upper supporting upright posts, and the four upper supporting upright posts are all fixedly arranged on the top surface of the lower supporting platform 2;
the pressure loading device comprises a hydraulic loading device 17, a hydraulic loading device bracket 16, a step plate 18, a loading block 14 and a guide block 15, the guide block 15 is a hollow cuboid structure which is composed of a left side surface, a right side surface, a front side surface, a rear side surface and a lower bottom surface, one end of the cuboid structure is provided with an opening, the left side surface of the cuboid structure is provided with a left turning plate, the right side surface of the cuboid structure is provided with a right turning plate, the included angle between the left turning plate and the left side surface is 90 degrees, the included angle between the right turning plate and the right side surface is also 90 degrees, the left turning plate and the right turning plate are connected with a guide rail 19 above the top plate through a sliding block, the top plate is provided with a square hole, the cuboid structure is positioned in the square hole, the loading block 14 is in an inverted 'n' -shaped structure, the main body part of the loading block 14 is positioned in the guide block 15 and can slide up and down in the guide block 15; the loading block 14 and the guide block 15 are in clearance fit with each other through a square hole shaft; the clearance is within 5um to guarantee that guide block 15 can freely downstream when bearing hydraulic loading device load, guarantee loaded going on smoothly. Meanwhile, the square holes formed in the guide block 15 and the top plate are in clearance fit, the clearance is 175um, and when the friction pair is guaranteed to be worn by a micro motion, the guide block 15 and the top plate cannot interfere with each other, so that the installation precision is guaranteed.
The stepped plate 18 is fixedly connected with the left turning plate and the right turning plate, the hydraulic loading device support 16 is fixedly arranged on the left turning plate and the right turning plate through the upright post, the hydraulic loading device 17 is fixedly arranged on the lower bottom surface of the hydraulic loading device support 16, and an output shaft of the hydraulic loading device 17 is fixedly connected with the stepped plate 18;
the friction pair unit comprises a blocky lower sample and a steel ball upper sample; the friction pair precision clamping unit is used for flexibly and fixedly clamping the friction pair;
the micro-motion and sliding driving device comprises an electro-hydraulic vibration exciter 21 and a high-precision electric translation platform 7, wherein the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter 21 is fixedly connected with a top plate through a large L-shaped plate 20, one side plate of the large L-shaped plate 20 is fixedly connected with the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter 21, the other side plate is fixedly connected with the lower surface of the top plate, and an output shaft of the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter 21 is fixedly connected with the right side surface of the hollow cuboid structure; the high-precision electric translation table 7 comprises a high-precision stepping motor 7-1, a reduction gearbox 7-2, a ball screw 7-3, a sliding plate 7-5, a sliding block and a supporting block 7-4, wherein the supporting block is of a U-shaped structure, the supporting block is positioned between four upper supporting columns, the sliding plate and the ball screw 7-3 are both connected with two side walls of the supporting block, the high-precision stepping motor 7-1 is fixedly connected with the reduction gearbox 7-2, an output shaft of the reduction gearbox 7-2 extends into one side wall of the supporting block and is connected with the ball screw 7-3, a threaded through hole and a sliding groove matched with the ball screw are formed in the sliding block, and the sliding groove is matched with the sliding plate; the driving force generated by the electrohydraulic vibration exciter 21 controls the friction pair to generate micro-motion friction; the driving force generated by the high-precision electric translation table 7 controls the friction pair to generate sliding friction.
The high-frequency electro-hydraulic vibration exciter 21 mainly comprises a high-frequency vibration exciting valve, a parallel digital valve, a hydraulic cylinder, a load sensor, a displacement sensor and a self-contained high-performance microprocessor. The high-frequency excitation valve is mainly used for generating high-frequency sinusoidal excitation signals with adjustable amplitude and frequency, and the parallel digital valve is used for processing the signals. The computer measurement and control system controls the micro-motion amplitude and frequency of the friction pair by changing the frequency and amplitude of a sinusoidal excitation signal sent by the high-frequency excitation valve; after the sinusoidal excitation signal is processed by the parallel digital valve, the hydraulic actuator drives the drive shaft of the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter 21 to do high-frequency reciprocating motion, and further drives the friction pair to generate fretting friction wear. The hydraulic actuator can establish a mathematical model through the following formula to regulate the motion of the driving shaft of the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter 21:
wherein p1 and p2 are pressure v at two ends of the hydraulic actuator p For driving shaft displacement, A, of electrohydraulic vibration exciter 21 p Is the cross-sectional area of the drive shaft, m is the load mass, B c Is the viscous drag constant, k is the stiffness under load, F L Is the load force.
Go up sample anchor clamps I12 and II 10 and steel ball sample 22 and mutually support, guarantee the fastening of steel ball sample 22 in the anchor clamps, avoid sample 22 rotation on the steel ball in the friction test process. The measuring device consists of a scale grating 4 and a grating reading head 6, the scale grating 4 is fixed on one side surface of the supporting block 7-4, the grating reading head 6 is fixedly arranged on one side surface of the sliding block 7-6 through a small L-shaped plate 5, and the scale grating 4 corresponds to the grating reading head 6 in position; as the linear slide moves, it can be measured by the amount of change in the displacement of the grating readhead 6.
The three-dimensional force sensor 13 is fixedly arranged at the lower end part of the loading block;
the precise clamping device comprises an upper sample clamp system and a lower sample clamp 9, the upper sample clamp system is installed below the three-dimensional force sensor 13, the lower sample clamp 9 is arranged on the electric translation table 7, the upper sample clamp system is used for fixing an upper steel ball sample 22, and the lower sample clamp 9 is used for fixing a blocky lower sample 8; the upper sample clamp system consists of an upper sample clamp I12 and an upper sample clamp II 10, the upper sample clamp I12 and the upper sample clamp II are fixedly connected through a countersunk head screw 11, a spherical groove matched with a sample on the steel ball is formed in the lower surface of the upper sample clamp I12, an arc-surface through hole is formed in the upper sample clamp II 10, the diameter of the arc-surface through hole is smaller than that of the steel ball, and the arc-surface through hole is used for being matched with the sample on the steel ball;
lower sample anchor clamps 9 are hollow massive structure, including left side board, right side board, preceding curb plate and posterior lateral plate, two screw thread through-holes have all been seted up to the upper surface of preceding curb plate and posterior lateral plate, and the double-deck ladder recess that the structure is the same has all been seted up to the lower surface of preceding curb plate and posterior lateral plate, and 8 fixed mounting of massive lower sample are in first order ladder recess, and the degree of depth that is highly higher than first order ladder recess of massive lower sample, and lower sample anchor clamps 9 pass through bolt fixed mounting at the slider upper surface. The design has the advantages that firstly, the contact area between the lower sample clamp 9 and the blocky lower sample 8 is reduced by utilizing the height difference between the lower-layer step and the last-time step, and the damage to the surface of the lower sample caused by the contact pressure is reduced; secondly, after the friction and wear test of a certain contact position of the block-shaped lower sample 8 is finished, the lower sample is horizontally moved, the contact position of the friction pair is changed again, the multi-station test of the lower sample can be carried out, and the test cost is reduced; finally, when the lower sample is tested for a plurality of times by changing the horizontal direction position, and no new position is available for the test, the test can be restarted on the new surface after a layer of material is removed from the surface of the lower sample by milling, and the lower sample clamp 9 still firmly fixes the lower sample, thereby being beneficial to the cyclic utilization of the sample. The lower sample holder 9 and the massive lower sample 8 should have a good surface parallelism.
The computer control system controls the high-precision stepping motor to send pulse signals with different quantities and frequencies, and further controls the frequency, the rotating speed and other parameters of the high-precision stepping motor. The output torque of the high-precision stepping motor is transmitted to the ball screw through the reduction gearbox, and finally converted into fixed-length linear motion of the sliding block, so that the friction pair is driven to generate sliding friction abrasion.
The data acquisition card acquires signals of the three-dimensional force sensor and signals of the displacement of the high-precision electric translation table 7 and transmits the signals to the computer control system for closed-loop adjustment, so that the sliding amplitude and speed of sliding friction and the micro-motion amplitude and frequency of micro-motion friction can be changed in real time, and the test condition of the wear performance of the friction pair under different working conditions is carried out; the test system simultaneously uses a computer measurement and control system to display, analyze and store data, thereby providing a data base for the research of the micro-motion sliding composite damage mechanism of the material.
Further, the invention also provides a control method of the fretting sliding composite friction and wear test system, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: setting the loading load of the hydraulic loading device 17; setting the motion amplitude and frequency of a driving shaft of the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter 21, thereby realizing the setting of the micro-motion amplitude and the micro-motion frequency; the movement amplitude and speed of the high-precision electric translation stage 7 are set, so that the sliding amplitude and frequency are set;
step 2: the three-dimensional force sensor 13 collects normal load applied by the hydraulic loading device 17 along the vertical direction and friction force of the friction pair along the horizontal direction, which are borne by the friction pair, and the data acquisition card converts the collected analog signals into digital signals. The computer control system compares the collected normal load with the set normal load, and performs feedback adjustment on the hydraulic loading device 17 according to the difference between the collected normal load and the set normal load, so as to ensure the accuracy of the normal load of the friction pair; meanwhile, the computer control system stores and displays the friction force between the friction pairs in real time; the displacement of the upper and lower samples of the high-precision electric translation table 7 is measured in real time by using a grating ruler, and meanwhile, the displacement amplitude is subjected to closed-loop feedback regulation, so that the accuracy of the sliding displacement amplitude is ensured;
and step 3: by changing the output load of the hydraulic loading device 17, the motion amplitude and speed of the high-precision electric translation table 7 and the motion amplitude and frequency of a driving shaft of the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter 21, fretting sliding composite wear tests under different loads, different sliding amplitudes and speeds and different fretting amplitudes and frequencies can be carried out; the wear test under the lubricating condition can be carried out by adding a lubricating groove below the friction pair and adding a lubricating medium until the contact interface of the friction pair is submerged.
And 4, step 4: by starting the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter 21 and the high-precision electric translation table 7, a fretting sliding composite wear test can be carried out; a pure sliding wear test can be carried out by closing the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter 21 and only opening the high-precision electric translation table 7; the pure fretting wear test can be carried out by closing the high-precision electric translation table 7 and only starting the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter 21.
LabView software is installed on a computer control system, man-machine interaction is realized by inputting instructions such as start-stop and signal acquisition of an electro-hydraulic vibration exciter 21 and a high-precision stepping motor on a software control panel, and meanwhile, the sliding amplitude and speed of sliding friction and the micro-motion amplitude and frequency of micro-motion friction can also be set.
The data acquisition card can acquire grating ruler signals on the high-precision electric translation stage 7 and acting forces of the three-dimensional force sensors 13x, y and z in three directions, wherein the measured z-direction force is a friction pair normal load, and the measured x-direction force along the movement direction of the friction pair is the friction force of the friction pair. And the data acquisition card feeds back the acquired grating ruler signal and the acquired three-dimensional force sensor signal to the computer control system. The computer control system can display the sliding amplitude and speed of the current sliding friction, the micro-motion amplitude and frequency of the micro-motion friction, the friction force and other information of the experiment.
In addition, the friction and wear test under pure micromotion and pure sliding modes can be carried out on the test system, and the specific method comprises the following steps: the relation between the vibration amplitude X of the friction pair and fretting/sliding wear is that when the X is in the range of 300 microns, a fretting test can be carried out, at the moment, the electric translation table 7 is closed, only the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter 21 is opened, and the fretting amplitude of fretting friction on a LabView software control panel is set to be within 300 microns; when X is larger than 300 micrometers, a sliding abrasion experiment can be carried out, the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter 21 is closed at the moment, only the electric translation table 7 is opened, and the sliding amplitude of sliding friction arranged on the control panel is set to be more than 300 micrometers.
The test system can realize the following test technical indexes:
1. normal load: inputting different loading loads on a control panel according to specific friction pair materials and working condition requirements, wherein the input maximum load can reach 200N;
2. sliding amplitude and speed of sliding friction: the sliding amplitude is within 20mm, and the speed is below 10 mm/s;
3. micromotion amplitude and frequency of the micromotion friction: the micro-motion amplitude is within 300um, and the frequency is below 10 Hz;
4. and (3) carrying out fretting sliding composite friction and wear tests under the condition of no lubrication and various media.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that such modifications, substitutions and improvements fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A fretting sliding composite friction wear test system is characterized by comprising a supporting device, a pressure loading device, a three-dimensional force sensor, a fretting and sliding driving device, a precise clamping device, a measuring device, a friction pair unit, a data acquisition card and a computer control system, wherein the pressure loading device is arranged on the supporting device; the supporting device comprises a lower supporting part and an upper supporting part fixed on the top of the lower supporting part, wherein the lower supporting part consists of four lower supporting upright posts and a lower supporting platform, the lower supporting platform is fixedly arranged above the four lower supporting upright posts, the upper supporting part consists of four upper supporting upright posts and a top plate fixedly arranged above the four upper supporting upright posts, and the four upper supporting upright posts are all fixedly arranged on the top surface of the lower supporting platform;
the pressure loading device comprises a hydraulic loading device, a hydraulic loading device bracket, a step plate, a loading block and a guide block, the guide block is a hollow cuboid structure which consists of a left side surface, a right side surface, a front side surface, a rear side surface and a lower bottom surface, one end of the cuboid structure is provided with an opening, the left side surface of the cuboid structure is provided with a left turning plate, the right side surface of the cuboid structure is provided with a right turning plate, the included angle between the left turning plate and the left side surface is 90 degrees, the included angle between the right turning plate and the right side surface is also 90 degrees, the left turning plate and the right turning plate are connected with a guide rail above the top plate through a sliding block, the top plate is provided with a square hole, the cuboid structure is positioned in the square hole, the loading block is in an inverted 'n' -shaped structure, the main body part of the loading block is positioned in the guide block and can slide up and down in the guide block; the stepped plate is fixedly connected with the left turning plate and the right turning plate, the hydraulic loading device support is fixedly arranged on the left turning plate and the right turning plate through the upright post, the hydraulic loading device is fixedly arranged on the lower bottom surface of the hydraulic loading device support, and an output shaft of the hydraulic loading device is fixedly connected with the stepped plate;
the friction pair unit comprises a block-shaped lower sample and a steel ball upper sample.
2. The fretting compound frictional wear test system of claim 1, wherein the precision clamping device comprises an upper sample clamp system and a lower sample clamp, the upper sample clamp system is installed below the three-dimensional force sensor, the lower sample clamp is placed on a motorized translation stage, the upper sample clamp system is used for fixing an upper sample on a steel ball, and the lower sample clamp is used for fixing a block-shaped lower sample; the upper sample clamp system is composed of an upper sample clamp I and an upper sample clamp II, the upper sample clamp I and the upper sample clamp II are fixedly connected through a countersunk head screw, a spherical groove matched with a sample on the steel ball is formed in the lower surface of the upper sample clamp I, an arc-surface through hole is formed in the upper sample clamp II, the diameter of the arc-surface through hole is smaller than that of the steel ball, and the arc-surface through hole is used for being matched with the sample on the steel ball.
3. The fretting sliding composite friction and wear test system according to claim 2, wherein the lower sample clamp is a hollow block structure and comprises a left side plate, a right side plate, a front side plate and a rear side plate, the upper surfaces of the front side plate and the rear side plate are respectively provided with two threaded through holes, the lower surfaces of the front side plate and the rear side plate are respectively provided with a double-layer stepped groove with the same structure, the two sides of the block lower sample are fixed left and right by utilizing a first layer stepped side, the upper surface of the lower sample is fixed by utilizing the surface pressure of the first layer stepped bottom surface, the vertical height of the block lower sample is greater than the vertical height of the first layer stepped side, and the lower sample clamp is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the sliding block through bolts.
4. The fretting sliding composite friction and wear test system according to claim 3, wherein the fretting and sliding driving device comprises an electro-hydraulic vibration exciter and a high-precision electric translation stage, the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter is fixedly connected with the top plate through a large L-shaped plate, one side plate of the large L-shaped plate is fixedly connected with the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter, the other side plate is fixedly connected with the lower surface of the top plate, and an output shaft of the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter is fixedly connected with the right side surface of the hollow cuboid structure; the high-precision electric translation table comprises a high-precision stepping motor, a reduction box, a ball screw, a sliding plate, a sliding block and a supporting block, wherein the supporting block is of a U-shaped structure, the supporting block is positioned between four upper supporting stand columns, the sliding plate and the ball screw are connected with two side walls of the supporting block, the high-precision stepping motor is fixedly connected with the reduction box, an output shaft of the reduction box stretches into one side wall of the supporting block and is connected with the ball screw, a threaded through hole and a sliding groove which are matched with the ball screw are formed in the sliding block, and the sliding groove is matched with the sliding plate.
5. The fretting composite friction-wear test system of claim 4, wherein the measuring device comprises a scale grating and a grating reading head, the scale grating is fixed on one side surface of the support block, the grating reading head is fixedly installed on one side surface of the sliding block through a small L-shaped plate, and the scale grating and the grating reading head are in corresponding positions.
6. The fretting composite friction wear test system of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional force sensor is fixedly mounted at a lower end of the loading block.
7. The fretting composite friction wear test system of claim 1, wherein the loading block and the guide block are square hole shaft clearance fit; be clearance fit between the quad slit of seting up on guide block and the roof, the clearance is 175 um.
8. A method for controlling a fretting sliding composite frictional wear test system using a fretting sliding composite frictional wear test system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
step 1: setting a loading load of a hydraulic loading device; setting the motion amplitude and frequency of a driving shaft of the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter, thereby realizing the setting of the micro-motion amplitude and the micro-motion frequency; the motion amplitude and the speed of the high-precision electric translation table are set, so that the sliding amplitude and the sliding frequency are set;
and 2, step: the three-dimensional force sensor collects normal load applied by the hydraulic loading device along the vertical direction and friction force of the friction pair along the horizontal direction, which are born by the friction pair, the data acquisition card converts the collected analog signals into digital signals, the computer control system compares the collected normal load with the preset normal load, and the feedback adjustment is carried out on the hydraulic loading device according to the difference value between the collected normal load and the preset normal load, so that the accuracy of the normal load of the friction pair is ensured; meanwhile, the computer control system stores and displays the friction force between the friction pairs in real time; the displacement of the upper and lower samples of the high-precision electric translation table is measured in real time by using a grating ruler, and meanwhile, the displacement amplitude is subjected to closed-loop feedback regulation, so that the accuracy of the sliding displacement amplitude is ensured;
and step 3: by changing the output load size of the hydraulic loading device, the motion amplitude and speed of the high-precision electric translation table and the motion amplitude and frequency of a driving shaft of the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter, the fretting sliding composite wear test under different loads, different sliding amplitudes and speeds and different fretting amplitudes and frequencies can be carried out; a lubricating groove is added below the friction pair, and a lubricating medium is added until a contact interface of the friction pair is submerged, so that a wear test under a lubricating condition can be performed;
and 4, step 4: by starting the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter and the high-precision electric translation table, a fretting sliding composite wear test can be carried out; a pure sliding wear test can be carried out by closing the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter and only opening the high-precision electric translation table; the pure fretting wear test can be carried out by closing the high-precision electric translation table and only starting the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter.
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