CN107155433B - Application of surfactant in soil salinization reduction and method - Google Patents

Application of surfactant in soil salinization reduction and method Download PDF

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CN107155433B
CN107155433B CN201710421108.1A CN201710421108A CN107155433B CN 107155433 B CN107155433 B CN 107155433B CN 201710421108 A CN201710421108 A CN 201710421108A CN 107155433 B CN107155433 B CN 107155433B
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soil
surfactant
sodium
salinization
saline
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CN107155433A (en
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田森林
王兴照
李英杰
宁平
宋玉新
蒋春燕
刘相良
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Zhengzhou qianmei Plant Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
    • C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses an application of a surfactant in reducing soil salinization and a method thereof, and the specific steps are as follows: the surfactant is prepared into a solution to be sprayed on the soil, or the surfactant is directly mixed with the soil. The surfactant is any one or a mixture of several of nonionic surfactant, anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant and biological surfactant. The method is simple to operate and wide in application range, and can well improve the soil property, reduce the soil salinity and achieve the purpose of reducing the soil salinization.

Description

Application of surfactant in soil salinization reduction and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to an application of a surfactant in reducing soil salinization and a method thereof, belonging to the technical field of saline-alkali soil treatment.
Background
The soil salinization refers to a process that salt in the bottom layer of soil or underground water rises to the ground surface along with capillary water in soil pores, and salt is accumulated in surface soil after water is evaporated; also refers to the phenomenon or process of accumulation of soluble salt on the surface of soil, also called salinization. According to the incomplete statistical data of the combined national textbook organization and the food and agriculture organization in 2005, the area of the saline-alkali soil around the world is 8 multiplied by 10 at present3Ten thousand hectares. In China, the land area occupied by saline-alkali soil is as high as 3.6 multiplied by 103Ten thousand hectares. From the northeast plain to the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, there is a distribution of saline-alkali soil from the northwest inland to the east coast. In arid and semiarid regions, saline-alkali soil generated in the modern salt accumulation process is widely distributed; various residues formed in the early stage can still be seen on mountain front plains, ancient rivers and terraces and plateaus in arid areas; in coastal areas, various kinds of coastal saline soil and sulfate soil are distributed due to the influence of seawater immersion. The saline-alkali soil in the inland plains area is mainly distributed in the quasi-Pascal basin, Tarim basin, Turpan basin in Xinjiang, the Hexi corridor in Gansu and the Chauda basin in Qinghai. In the plain of Yin Chuan in Ningxia, inner Mongolia river sleeve plain, Shanxi great basin, Xindingbasin, Fenwei river valley plain, Hebei Haihe plain, northeast Songnen plain, etc., there are also connected saline lands or sporadically distributed saline lands.
The problem of soil salinization has been widely noticed by people, and saline-alkali soil has high pH value and contains salt, which can affect the absorption of plants to nutrient elements, cause damage to plant tissues, destroy the granular structure of soil, change other physicochemical properties and other adverse factors, so that the normal growth and development of plants are inhibited, and even the plants wither or die. The existing saline-alkali soil improvement technologies at home and abroad are summarized to be roughly divided into the following steps: physics, chemistry, hydraulic engineering and biology. The physical improvement technology mainly levels the ground of the saline-alkali soil, deeply ploughs the soil, loosens the soil in time, raises the terrain, improves the soil structure of the micro-area, accelerates the salt leaching, and prevents and controls reverse salt, such as CN200910074228.4, CN200810159999.9, CN201410430266.X and the like; chemical improvement techniques are the application of chemical improvers (such as gypsum, phosphogypsum, calcium sulfite, calcium superphosphate) to the soil to reduce the salt content of the soil by chemical action or substitution. After gypsum, phosphogypsum, calcium sulfite and calcium superphosphate are applied to soil, sufficient soluble calcium can be provided for the soil, and sodium ions in the colloid complex are replaced, so that the salt content of the soil is reduced, for example, CN201410603005.3, CN201510995166.6 and the like; the water conservancy project improvement technology is that a large amount of fresh water is utilized to wash saline-alkali soil, salt in the saline-alkali soil is dissolved in water, then the water is drained through an underground pipeline, and the salt is carried out, so that the salt content of the soil is reduced, for example, CN201310331320.0, CN200510044210.1, CN89108061.9 and the like; the bioengineering improvement technology mainly comprises planting salt-tolerant crops (such as corn), salt-tolerant plants (such as sesbania) or putting microorganisms on saline-alkali soil to make the crops, plants and microorganisms absorb the salt in the soil, thereby reducing the salt content of the soil, such as CN200910074228.4, CN201310466328.8 and the like. Although these improvement techniques can achieve a certain improvement effect, they are long in improvement time, difficult to maintain the initial improvement effect, and difficult to popularize comprehensively.
At present, the surfactant is mainly used for repairing soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, polychlorinated biphenyl, heavy metal and the like, such as CN201510271339.X, CN201310423166.X, CN201010135665.5, CN201310153637.X and the like, and no report of the surfactant as a modifier for reducing soil salinization is available.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses an application of a surfactant in soil salinization reduction and a method thereof, and aims to reduce the soil salinization by applying the surfactant to soil. The mechanism is as follows: the salt content in the saline-alkali soil is mainly caused by the capillary rising effect of underground water, the prevention of soil salinization and the control of the capillary rising height of the underground water are the keys; the surfactant is applied to the soil, and the characteristic that the surfactant remarkably reduces the rising height of capillary water of the soil is utilized, so that the salt in shallow groundwater and the soil cannot rise to the surface layer and the surface of the soil through the capillary water of the soil, and the purpose of reducing the salinization of the soil is achieved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the application of the surfactant in reducing soil salinization comprises the following specific steps: preparing a surfactant into an aqueous solution with the concentration 0.01-50 times of the critical micelle concentration of the surfactant, and spraying the aqueous solution on soil, or directly mixing the surfactant and the soil; the amount of the surfactant applied is 0.001 to 0.15kg/m2。
The surfactant comprises a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant or a biological surfactant; the nonionic surfactant comprises Tween series (Tween 20, Tween 21, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 61, Tween 65, Tween 80, Tween 81 and Tween 85), Triton X series (Triton X-100, Triton X-114, Triton X-305 and Triton X-405), Brij series (Brij 30, Brij 35, Brij 58 and Brij 98), and nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether; the anionic surfactant comprises sodium dodecyl sulfate (C)12H25OSO3Na), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (C)12H25C4H6SO3Na), sodium hexadecyl-bis-benzenesulfonate (C)16H33C12H7O(SO3Na)2) Perfluoro octanoic acid (C)7H15COOH), sodium laureth sulfate (C)12H25(OCH2CH2)nOSO3Na), sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate (C)16H29NaO7S), sodium lauryl ether sulfate (C)16H33NaO6S), sodium hexadecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate (C)28H40Na2O7S2) Sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (C)20H37NaO7S), sodium cholate (C)24H39O5Na), sodium deoxycholate (C)24H39O4Na); the cationic surfactant is cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (C)16H33(CH3)3NBr), didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (C)22H48ClN), tetradecylpyridinium bromide; the amphoteric surfactant is cyclic lipopeptide, cocamidopropyl betaine; the biological surface active components comprise saponin, rhamnolipid, cyclodextrin and alkyl polyglycoside.
The surfactant used in the application can be one or a mixture of more of the same type of surfactants, and can also be a mixture of different types of surfactants.
Compared with the traditional physical improvement technology, chemical improvement technology, hydraulic engineering improvement technology and biological improvement technology, the invention has the greatest advantages of achieving better improvement effect and being capable of maintaining for a longer time. In addition, the invention has simple operation and wide application range.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples in order to better illustrate the methods employed by the present invention. It should be noted that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
5 hectares of coastal saline-alkali land with the salt content of 8% is available, and the salinization of the area is intensified due to the high salt content of underground water. The area of the region is 8m2The saline-alkali soil is divided into eight equal parts with the numbers of 1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, and 8 #. Sodium dodecyl sulfate(critical micelle concentration of 2.3 g/L) to prepare solutions with concentration gradients of 0.023g/L, 0.23g/L, 2.3g/L, 23g/L, 46g/L, 69g/L, 92g/L and 115 g/L. Respectively spraying 50L of lauryl sodium sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.023g/L and 8L of lauryl sodium sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.23g/L on the soil with the number of 1# and 2 #; spraying 1L of sodium dodecyl sulfate solution with concentration of 2.3g/L, 23g/L, 46g/L, 69g/L, 92g/L and 115g/L on the No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6, No. 7 and No. 8 soils respectively, and measuring the salt content of 6.5%, 6.2%, 5.7%, 5.2%, 4.7%, 4.4%, 4% and 3.8% after three months; after six months, the salt content is respectively 6.1%, 5.8%, 5.4%, 4.8%, 4.3%, 3.6%, 3% and 2.6%.
Example 2
5 hectares of coastal saline-alkali land with the salt content of 8% is available, and the salinization of the area is intensified due to the high salt content of underground water. The area of the region is 4m2The saline-alkali soil is divided into four parts with the serial numbers of 1#, 2#, 3#, and 4 #. 0.001kg, 0.01kg, 0.1kg and 0.15kg of mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate solids and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solids (mass ratio of 1: 1) are respectively scattered on the soil with the corresponding number, the soil is turned so as to evenly distribute the applied mixture of the sodium dodecyl sulfate and the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solids in the soil, finally, a certain amount of water is poured on the surface of the soil, the salt content is measured to be 6.3%, 5.7%, 5.3% and 4.8% after one month, and the salt content is measured to be 5.8%, 5.3%, 4.6% and 4% after three months.
Example 3
5 hectares of coastal saline-alkali land with the salt content of 8% is available, and the salinization of the area is intensified due to the high salt content of underground water. The area of the region is 4m2The saline-alkali soil is divided into four parts with the serial numbers of 1#, 2#, 3#, and 4 #. 0.001kg, 0.01kg, 0.1kg and 0.15kg of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solid is uniformly sprinkled on the soil with the corresponding number, the soil is turned over to ensure that the applied hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is uniformly distributed in the soil, finally a certain amount of water is poured on the surface of the soil, the salt content is measured to be 6.4%, 5.6%, 5.5% and 4.6% in sequence after one month, and the salt content is measured to be 5.7%, 5.1%, 4.5% and 4% in sequence after four months.
Example 4
5 hectares of coastal saline-alkali land with the salt content of 8% is available, and the salinization of the area is intensified due to the high salt content of underground water. The area of the region is 4m2The saline-alkali soil is divided into four parts with the serial numbers of 1#, 2#, 3#, and 4 #. Uniformly scattering saponin solids with the mass of 0.001kg, 0.01kg, 0.1kg and 0.15kg on the soil with the corresponding number, turning the soil to uniformly distribute the applied saponin in the soil, and finally pouring a certain amount of water on the surface of the soil, wherein the salt contents are measured to be 6.2%, 5.6%, 5.1% and 4.6% in sequence after two months, and the salt contents are measured to be 5.7%, 5%, 4.5% and 4.1% in sequence after four months.
Example 5
5 hectares of coastal saline-alkali land with the salt content of 8% is available, and the salinization of the area is intensified due to the high salt content of underground water. The area of the region is 4m2The saline-alkali soil is divided into four parts with the serial numbers of 1#, 2#, 3#, and 4 #. Uniformly mixing a mixture which is formed by equivalently mixing five surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, cocamidopropyl betaine and cyclodextrin) and has the mass of 0.001kg, 0.01kg, 0.1kg and 0.15kg with soil with the corresponding number, and finally pouring a certain amount of water on the surface of the soil, wherein the salt contents are measured to be 6.4%, 5.6%, 4.8% and 4.2% after three months, and the salt contents are measured to be 5.9%, 5%, 4.2% and 3.6% after five months.
Example 6
5 hectares of coastal saline-alkali land with the salt content of 8% is available, and the salinization of the area is intensified due to the high salt content of underground water. The area of the region is 4m2The saline-alkali soil is divided into four parts with the serial numbers of 1#, 2#, 3#, and 4 #. Tween 80 with the mass of 0.001kg, 0.01kg, 0.1kg and 0.15kg is respectively and uniformly mixed with the soil with the corresponding number, and finally a certain amount of water is poured on the surface of the soil, wherein the salt content is measured to be 7.4%, 6.6%, 5.3% and 4.5% after three months, and the salt content is measured to be 6.5%, 5.6%, 4.4% and 3.8% after five months.
Example 7
5 hectares of coastal saline-alkali land with the salt content of 8% is available, and the salinization of the area is intensified due to the high salt content of underground water. Will locate the area oneArea of 4m2The saline-alkali soil is divided into four parts with the serial numbers of 1#, 2#, 3#, and 4 #. 0.001kg, 0.01kg, 0.1kg and 0.15kg of cocamidopropyl betaine are respectively and uniformly mixed with the soil with the corresponding number, and finally a certain amount of water is poured on the surface of the soil, wherein the salt content is measured to be 6.9%, 6.1%, 5.6% and 4.5% after three months, and the salt content is measured to be 6.4%, 5.6%, 4.7% and 3.6% after four months.

Claims (5)

1. The application method of the surfactant in reducing soil salinization is characterized by comprising the following steps: directly mixing a surfactant with soil, wherein the application amount of the directly mixed surfactant and soil is 0.001-0.15 kg/m2。
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the anionic surfactant comprises sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium hexadecyl diphenyl sulfonate, perfluorooctanoic acid, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate, sodium dodecyl ether sulfate, sodium hexadecyldiphenyl ether disulfonate, sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate.
3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cationic surfactant comprises cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, didecyl dimethylammonium chloride, tetradecyl pyridinium bromide.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the amphoteric surfactant comprises cyclic lipopeptide, cocamidopropyl betaine.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the biosurfactant comprises a saponin, a rhamnolipid, a cyclodextrin, an alkylpolyglycoside.
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CN107903910B (en) * 2017-11-16 2019-12-03 中国环境科学研究院 For the biological agent of organic polluted soil reparation and its preparation, application method
WO2019154346A1 (en) * 2018-02-11 2019-08-15 北京紫光英力化工技术有限公司 Use of bio-based sulfonate as nutrient source and conditioning agent
CN112410038A (en) * 2019-08-21 2021-02-26 深圳市万卉园景观工程有限公司 Saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof
CN112410040A (en) * 2019-08-21 2021-02-26 深圳市仙湖植物园管理处 Saline-alkali soil modifier and preparation method and application thereof
CN112889384A (en) * 2019-11-19 2021-06-04 山西田丰圣德生物科技有限公司 Saline-alkali soil improvement technology
CN112048311B (en) * 2020-09-30 2021-11-16 曾敦华 Salt return blocking agent for desert and saline-alkali soil and preparation method and application thereof
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