CN107154205B - Angle-tunable container boiling heat exchange experimental device and experimental method - Google Patents
Angle-tunable container boiling heat exchange experimental device and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107154205B CN107154205B CN201710571352.6A CN201710571352A CN107154205B CN 107154205 B CN107154205 B CN 107154205B CN 201710571352 A CN201710571352 A CN 201710571352A CN 107154205 B CN107154205 B CN 107154205B
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- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/16—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for science of heat
Abstract
The invention discloses a boiling heat exchange experimental device and method for a container with a tunable angle, and belongs to the field of energy heat exchange. The experimental device mainly comprises a bracket, a heating wire angle adjustable mechanism, a water bath heating mechanism, a high-speed camera, a scanning electron microscope and the like, and is used for carrying out heat exchange experiments, and the experimental device comprises the following specific steps: preparing for device adjustment before experiment; then, heating the working medium; starting the experiment when the temperature reaches a set value; acquiring information by using a scanning electron microscope and a high-speed camera; and then adjusting the working conditions and acquiring data information under different working conditions. The invention is suitable for testing various working media, can directly observe the growth process of bubbles on the heating wire and various jet phenomena, can simultaneously research different conditions such as level, inclination and the like, and can obtain the relationship between the diameter of the bubbles on the heating wire and the heat flow density, thereby providing a theoretical research foundation for researching the boiling heat exchange problem.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy heat exchange, in particular to a boiling heat exchange experimental device and an experimental method for a container with a tunable angle.
Background
The heat of boiling heat transfer is transferred to the liquid from the wall surface, so that the liquid is boiled and vaporized. Boiling heat transfer is closely related to the generation and detachment of bubbles, which are formed under the conditions: (1) the liquid must be superheated; (2) there is a core of vaporization. These conditions are determined by the force balance and the thermal balance of the bubble with the surrounding liquid. Boiling is widely used in various heat exchange devices such as a water-cooled wall of a boiler furnace, a microelectronic cooler and the like as an efficient heat exchange mode with phase change, and due to the complex characteristic of bubble behavior, research on the boiling is not sufficient, so that the application of the boiling is limited to a great extent.
Factors that affect the boiling heat transfer process are many, including the properties of the liquid and vapor, the surface physical properties and roughness of the heating surface, and especially the wettability of the surface by the liquid and the operating pressure and temperature differences. In the nucleate boiling range, the greater the temperature difference, the greater the heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer fraction is also increased when the heating wall is rough and can be wetted by liquid. Therefore, the fine metal particles are deposited on the metal plate or tube to form a metal porous surface, so that the boiling heat transfer component can be increased by tens of times to dozens of times. Through the research on the bubbles, the influence of a heating mode and liquid disturbance on boiling heat transfer can be analyzed, and the development of a boiling heat transfer technology is accelerated.
There are related technical solutions disclosed in the prior art, and the applicant of the present invention has already reported similar patent solutions in 2016, 6, 24, and the patent application numbers: 201610477989.4, patent name: the utility model provides a visual vat boiling experimental apparatus, this application discloses a visual vat experimental apparatus, belongs to energy heat transfer field. The device mainly comprises support, fixed adjustment mechanism of heater strip, water-bath heating mechanism and high-speed camera and scanning electron microscope etc. the fixed adjustment mechanism of heater strip sets up on the support, and water-bath heating mechanism is located the fixed adjustment mechanism below of heater strip, is provided with imitative arm support on the support, and scanning electron microscope fixes on imitative arm support, gathers experimental data through high-speed camera and scanning electron microscope.
Above-mentioned application can the direct observation bubble growth process and various efflux phenomena on the heater strip to can obtain the diameter of bubble and the relation of heat flux density on the heater strip, but through using the discovery, the bubble still can receive the influence of factors such as gravity, and what this kind of experimental apparatus can't accomplish detection gravity influences the experiment, needs further improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that an experimental device in the prior art cannot observe the influence of gravity on bubble generation, and provides a container boiling heat exchange experimental device with a tunable angle and an experimental method.
2. Technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a boiling heat exchange experimental device of a container with a tunable angle, which comprises a bracket, a heating wire fixing and adjusting mechanism, a water bath heating mechanism, a high-speed camera and a scanning electron microscope, wherein the fixing mechanism in the heating wire fixing and adjusting mechanism mainly comprises a protractor, sliding chutes and a boiling heating wire, the protractor is in a semicircular shape, the middle part of the protractor is connected with a heating wire fixing frame, the sliding chutes are symmetrically formed in the protractor, the end parts of the boiling heating wire are fixed in the sliding chutes through adjusting screws, and the inclination angle of the boiling heating wire is adjusted through the adjusting screws.
As a further improvement of the invention, the bottom end of the heating wire fixing frame extends out of the concave arc of the angle measuring sheet, and the bottom end of the heating wire fixing frame is connected with the boiling heating wire, so that the boiling heating wire is divided into two parts.
As a further improvement of the invention, the bottom of the heating wire fixing frame is provided with two clamping seats connected with the conducting wire, two boiling heating wires are led out from the bottom of the heating wire fixing frame, one end of each boiling heating wire is connected with the clamping seat, and the other end of each boiling heating wire is connected with the adjusting screw to form two loops.
As a further improvement of the invention, two sections of half bare conductors are symmetrically arranged on the angle measuring sheet, the half bare conductors are arc-shaped, and the radius size of the half bare conductors is smaller than that of the sliding groove.
As a further improvement of the invention, the angle measuring sheet is engraved with scale marks which are arranged along the edge of the sliding groove.
As a further improvement of the invention, a bracket, a heating wire fixing and adjusting mechanism and a water bath heating mechanism in the device are connected, the heating wire fixing and adjusting mechanism is arranged on the bracket, the water bath heating mechanism is positioned below the heating wire fixing and adjusting mechanism, an arm-imitating bracket is arranged on the bracket, a scanning electron microscope is fixed on the arm-imitating bracket, and experimental data is acquired through a high-speed camera and the scanning electron microscope.
As a further improvement of the invention, an adjusting mechanism in the heating wire fixing and adjusting mechanism mainly comprises a top ring of the experiment table, a lifting support rod fixing frame and a lifting support rod, wherein the lifting support rod fixing frame is arranged along the radial direction of the top ring of the experiment table at the upper end of the bracket and can rotate around the central shaft of the top ring of the experiment table, and the lifting support rod is movably arranged at the lower part of the lifting support rod fixing frame and can control the heating wire fixing mechanism to move up and down through the lifting support rod.
As a further improvement of the invention, the water bath heating mechanism comprises a heating pool, a boiling pool and a heating module, wherein the heating module is used for heating a liquid heat exchange working medium in the heating pool, the heating pool heats the boiling pool arranged in the heating pool through the liquid heat exchange working medium, and a boiling heating wire on the heating wire fixing and adjusting mechanism is arranged in distilled water in the boiling pool for experiment.
The invention relates to a container boiling heat exchange experimental method with a tunable angle, which adopts a container boiling heat exchange experimental device with a tunable angle to carry out experiments and comprises the following steps:
1) Preparation before experiment:
before each experiment, adding a proper amount of distilled water into a boiling pool, adding a heat exchange medium into a heating pool, fixing a boiling heating wire on a protractor by using an adjusting screw, and adjusting the angle of the boiling heating wire by contacting the boiling heating wire with a semi-bare wire;
2) Starting the experimental device:
selecting a heating gear of a heating power supply according to the liquid level in the heating pool, heating the boiling pool at a constant temperature to enable the temperature of distilled water in the boiling pool to be a set value, and switching on direct current on a boiling heating wire;
3) Information collection:
adjusting the positions and angles of a scanning electron microscope and a high-speed camera on the arm-imitating support, and recording experimental phenomena;
4) Adjusting the working condition I:
selecting a proper angle, when the temperature of distilled water in a boiling pool reaches a set value, closing a heating power supply, adjusting a current switch on a direct current power supply of a boiling heating wire, changing the current, obtaining the bubble phenomenon at the same position under the conditions of different heat flux densities at the same supercooling degree, storing a file, and recording data;
5) Adjusting the working condition II:
selecting a proper angle, adjusting a current switch on a direct current power supply of the boiling heating wire to enable the current and the voltage of the boiling heating wire to maintain a fixed value, then adjusting a heating power supply to obtain various bubble phenomena at the same position under different supercooling degrees at the same heat flux density, storing a file, and recording data;
6) Adjusting the working condition III:
when the temperature of the distilled water in the boiling pool reaches a set value, closing the heating power supply, adjusting a current switch on a direct current power supply of the boiling heating wire to maintain a constant value for the current and the voltage, adjusting the angle of the boiling heating wire, carrying out an experiment to obtain various bubble phenomena at different angles under the condition of the same supercooling degree at the same heat flow density, storing a file, and recording data;
7) And (3) processing experimental data:
and after the experimental data acquisition is finished, observing four kinds of sweeping phenomena of bubbles on the boiling pool heating wire and bubble top jet flow phenomena, and estimating the diameter of the bubbles according to the resolution grids of the scanning electron microscope and the diameter of the boiling pool heating wire.
As a further improvement of the invention, the bottom of the heating wire fixing frame in the step 6) is provided with a clamping seat, the boiling heating wire is connected with the clamping seat, and the inclination angles of the parts of the boiling heating wire, which are positioned at the two sides of the heating wire fixing frame, are different.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The combination of the experiment table top ring, the lifting support rod fixing frame, the lifting support rod and the angle measuring sheet in the heating wire adjusting mechanism can be realized as follows: the boiling heating wire can be adjusted at different angles to observe the influence of gravity on the generation of bubbles, and the height of the boiling heating wire can be adjusted, so that the experiment adjustment is convenient, a better experiment position is obtained, and the observation is convenient;
(2) According to the invention, the boiling heating wire at a certain angle is fixed by moving the screw in the groove hole, and the boiling heating wire is divided into two parts by the heating wire fixing frame, so that the boiling heating wires at different inclination angles can be adjusted to obtain more accurate results, and left and right comparison can be carried out, thus the experimental operation amount is reduced, and more accurate results can be intuitively obtained;
(3) The boiling pool is heated by the heating pool, namely the boiling pool is placed in the heating pool, half of the boiling pool is in water, and half of the boiling pool is in air, the water at the lower part of the heating pool is used for heating the boiling pool, the water temperature in the boiling pool slowly rises, the temperature distribution is uniform, the influence of bubble formation on the heating wires due to boiling disturbance in the water is eliminated, and the experiment under various supercooling degree working conditions is facilitated;
(4) The invention can shoot the phenomena of bubble sweeping, merging and separation on the heating wire of the boiling pool by matching with the high-speed camera; the scanning electron microscope can shoot the diameter, frequency and jet phenomenon of the bubbles on the heating wire of the boiling pool, and the relation between the diameter and the heat flux density and the position of the bubbles on the boiling heating wire is obtained, so that a theoretical research basis is provided for researching the boiling heat exchange problem, and the device is reasonable in structural design, simple in principle and convenient to popularize and use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a heating module according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a heater wire fixing mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an inverted V-shaped groove according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of five kinds of sweeping phenomena on the boiling heating wire in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the jet phenomenon on the boiling heater wire in the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the sizes of boiling heating wires and bubbles observed by a scanning electron microscope.
The reference numerals in the schematic drawings illustrate: 1. a laboratory bench base; 2. a heating tank; 3. a laboratory bench support; 4. a heating power supply; 5. a bench top ring; 6. a lifting support rod fixing frame; 7. a lifting strut; 8. a heating wire fixing frame; 9. a boiling pool; 10. a high-speed camera; 11. scanning an electron microscope; 12. an arm-imitating support; 13. a heat supply heating wire; 14. a light supplement lamp; 15. a corner measuring sheet; 16. a chute; 17. an adjusting screw; 18. a semi-bare wire; 19. boiling a heating wire; 20. and (4) inverting the V-shaped groove.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
With reference to fig. 1, the boiling heat exchange experimental apparatus for a container with a tunable angle in this embodiment mainly comprises a support, a heating wire fixing and adjusting mechanism, a water bath heating mechanism, a high-speed camera 10, a scanning electron microscope 11, and the like, wherein the heating wire fixing and adjusting mechanism comprises a heating wire adjusting mechanism and a heating wire fixing mechanism, and the heating wire adjusting mechanism is connected with the support and used for horizontally or vertically adjusting the heating wire fixing and adjusting mechanism. The water bath heating mechanism is positioned below the heating wire fixing and adjusting mechanism, and the boiling heating wire 19 on the heating wire fixing mechanism is used for heating experiments in the water bath heating mechanism.
The support in this embodiment mainly comprises laboratory bench base 1 and laboratory bench pillar 3, and 3 laboratory bench pillars 3 are along 1 even interval distribution of laboratory bench base circumference, and 3 lower extremes of laboratory bench pillars are provided with imitative arm support 12, and scanning electron microscope 11 fixes on imitative arm support 12, gathers experimental data through high-speed camera 10 and scanning electron microscope 11.
Furthermore, the simulated arm support 12 is a stability-increasing holder, the scanning electron microscope 11 has a plurality of directional motion degrees of freedom on the simulated arm support 12, and can be horizontally adjusted or vertically adjusted or adjusted in observation angle, so that the use is convenient, a better experiment position can be obtained, and the observation is convenient.
The water bath heating mechanism in this embodiment includes heating bath 2, boiling pool 9 and heating module, heating module is used for heating the fluid heat transfer working medium in the heating bath 2, heating bath 2 sets up on laboratory bench base 1, boiling pool 9 is placed and is heated in the fluid heat transfer working medium of heating bath 2, heating bath 2 is through the heating of fluid heat transfer working medium to distilled water in boiling pool 9, boiling pool heater strip 19 on the fixed adjustment mechanism of heater strip is placed and is experimented in the distilled water in boiling pool 9.
As shown in fig. 2, the heating module includes a heating power supply 4, a power supply support plate and a heating wire 13, the heating power supply 4 is arranged on the upper side of the power supply support plate, the heating wire 13 is arranged on the lower side of the power supply support plate, the heating power supply 4 provides electric energy for the heating wire 13 to generate heat, and the heating wire 13 can be arranged as a resistance wire surrounded by a plurality of circles to improve the heat generating efficiency. The power supply supporting plate is placed on the heating pool 2, the heat supply heating wire 13 is positioned in the heating pool 2, and the heating power supply 4 controls the heat supply heating wire 13 to heat the fluid heat exchange working medium. The heating pool 2 can be set to be a rectangular structure, so that a heating module can be placed on one side of the heating pool 2, and the other side of the heating pool is used for placing the boiling pool 9.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 2, the heating wires 13 are connected to the heating power source 4 through the mounting frames on both sides, or directly connected to the supporting plate, and the upper and lower heating wires 13 are arranged on the same mounting frame. Furthermore, in order to heat fluid heat exchange working media with different liquid levels and provide different heating efficiencies, two groups of heat supply heating wires 13 are arranged on the left side and the right side, and the two groups of heat supply heating wires 13 are arranged at different heights. When the liquid level is lower, the heating wire 13 with lower height can be directly adopted for heating; when the liquid level is higher, the two groups of the boiling tanks are opened simultaneously, so that the heating can be carried out at different heights, the heating efficiency is high, the temperature distribution is uniform, and the uniformity of the temperature distribution in the boiling tank 9 is facilitated.
In order to enable observation through the high-speed camera 10 and the scanning electron microscope 11, the heating tank 2 and the boiling tank 9 are both made of transparent materials, and in this embodiment, transparent PC materials are selected. The PC material has good strength, can resist the temperature of 150 ℃, has high transparency, and can meet the requirements of observation and photographing.
Because heat boiling pool 9 through heating bath 2, form half water bath heating, be about to boiling bath 9 and place in heating bath 2, half boiling bath is half in aqueous, and half is in the air, utilizes the water heating boiling bath 9 of heating bath 2 lower part, and 9 temperature in boiling bath slowly rise and temperature distribution are even, have got rid of because the influence of aquatic boiling disturbance formation bubble on the heater strip, are convenient for do the experiment under the various super-cooled degree operating modes.
Referring to fig. 3, the heating wire fixing mechanism in the heating wire fixing and adjusting mechanism mainly comprises a protractor 15, a chute 16 and a boiling heating wire 19, the protractor 15 is semicircular, the middle part of the protractor 15 is connected with the heating wire fixing frame 8, that is, the protractor 15 is fixed by the heating wire fixing frame 8, and the circular opening of the protractor is downward. The angle gauge sheet 15 is symmetrically provided with sliding grooves 16, adjusting screws 17 are arranged in the sliding grooves 16 in a matching manner, two ends of the boiling heating wire 19 are respectively fixed in the sliding grooves 16 through the adjusting screws 17, when the position of one of the adjusting screws 17 in the sliding groove 16 is moved, the inclination angle of the boiling heating wire 19 is changed, namely the inclination angle of the boiling heating wire 19 can be adjusted through the adjusting screws 17.
In the process of adjusting the boiling pool heating wire, as a loop needs to be formed and is not interfered by the outside as much as possible, the angle measuring sheet 16 is made of common PC material, two sections of semi-bare wires 18 are symmetrically arranged on the angle measuring sheet 16, the semi-bare wires 18 are distributed in an arc shape, the lower ends of the semi-bare wires 18 are in contact with the boiling heating wire 19, and the upper ends of the semi-bare wires 18 are connected with the wires to form the loop. And the radius size is smaller than the radius size of the chute 16, after the boiling heating wire 19 is fixed by the adjusting screw 17, the boiling heating wire 19 is pressed on the angle measuring sheet 16, the surface of the boiling heating wire is attached to the semi-exposed wire 18, the accuracy of the connection into a loop and the angle is ensured, and the error is reduced as much as possible.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 4, the boiling heat exchange experimental apparatus of a vessel with a tunable angle in this embodiment has the same basic structure as that of embodiment 1, except that: the bottom end of the heating wire fixing frame 8 extends out of the concave arc of the angle measuring sheet 15, two clamping seats 20 connected with the conducting wire are arranged at the bottom of the heating wire fixing frame 8, two boiling heating wires 19 are led out from the bottom of the heating wire fixing frame 8, one end of each boiling heating wire 19 is connected with the clamping seat 20, and the other end of each boiling heating wire 19 is connected with the adjusting screw 17 to form two loops. The positions of the adjusting screws 17 at the two ends of the boiling heating wire 19 are respectively adjusted to form two inclination angles, so that observation experiments with different inclination angles can be simultaneously carried out.
Furthermore, the protractor 15 is marked with a scale line, and the scale line is arranged along the edge of the sliding chute 16, so that the position of the adjusting screw 17 can be conveniently adjusted. In the horizontal position of the boiling heater wire 19, an angle of 0 ° may be set, and the graduation mark may mark 70 °.
The structure is easier to adjust, the left and right sides of the structure are arranged to be compared, the operation amount is reduced as far as possible, a considerable comparison experiment is facilitated, and both horizontal adjustment and arbitrary angle adjustment can be met, so that the device is easy to use. In the embodiment, the direct current circuit wire and the current and voltage measuring circuit pass through the heating wire fixing frame and are connected with the heating wire of the boiling pool through the semi-exposed conducting wire. And the specific experimental recording equipment can directly adopt the prior art, and the embodiment can not be described in detail.
Example 3
The boiling heat exchange experimental device for the container with the tunable angle in the embodiment has the same basic structure as that in the embodiment 2, and the difference is that: the heating wire adjusting mechanism in the embodiment mainly comprises a top ring 7 of the experiment table, a lifting support rod fixing frame 8 and a lifting support rod 9. Wherein, laboratory bench apical ring 7 is fixed on 3 tops of laboratory bench pillar, and the level is fixed, has seted up the ring channel at 7 inner walls of laboratory bench apical ring, and lift branch mount 8 radially sets up along laboratory bench apical ring 7 of support upper end, and the both ends of lift branch mount 8 are arranged in the ring channel, then lift branch mount 8 can rotate around 9 center pins of laboratory bench apical ring, and lift branch mount 8 still can radially set up in 9 tops of laboratory bench apical ring, and main aim at realizes rotating, and concrete structure does not have special restriction.
In addition, a T-shaped groove is formed in the lower wall of the lifting support rod fixing frame 8, and a T-shaped connecting block is correspondingly arranged at the upper end of the lifting support rod 9, so that the lifting support rod 9 can manually slide relative to the lifting support rod fixing frame 8. Furthermore, a rack can be arranged outside the lower wall of the lifting support rod fixing frame 8, and the lifting support rod 9 is matched with a fixing motor, so that the lifting support rod 9 can be controlled to slide through the motor. The lifting strut 9 can be changed in a telescopic manner, and the driving manner can be manual or electric, and is not particularly limited. The heating wire fixing mechanism is connected to the lower end of the lifting support rod 9, so that the position of the heating wire fixing mechanism can be horizontally adjusted, the height of the heating wire fixing mechanism can be adjusted, and the control on the position of the heating wire 19 of the boiling pool is realized.
The combination of experiment table top ring, lifting support rod mount and lifting support rod among the heater strip adjustment mechanism can realize, rotate, translation and elevating movement, then both can not only adjust boiling heater strip position by different angles, can adjust boiling heater strip height again, and the adjustment of convenient experiment obtains better experimental position, is convenient for observe.
Example 4
The container boiling heat exchange experimental device with the tunable angle of the embodiment is characterized in that the rotation of the lifting support rod fixing frame 6 in the experiment table top ring 5, the sliding of the lifting support rod 7 relative to the lifting support rod fixing frame 6 and the lifting movement of the lifting support rod 7 are controlled by corresponding motor driving mechanisms, the actions of three motors are controlled by a control system, manual control is replaced by mechanical control, the accuracy is higher, and dangers such as scalding in the operation process can be avoided. The driving mechanism can adopt a conventional driving mode and needs no further description.
The different features of the above embodiments can be combined with each other and are not limited to the listed schemes. Aiming at the visual large container experimental device provided by the embodiment, the invention also provides an experimental method of the visual large container experimental device, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) Preparation before experiment:
before each experiment, adding a proper amount of distilled water into a boiling pool, adding a heat exchange medium into a heating pool, fixing a boiling heating wire 19 on a measuring angle sheet 15 by using an adjusting screw 17, and adjusting the angle of the boiling heating wire 19 by contacting the boiling heating wire 19 with a semi-bare wire 18;
the heat exchange working medium is a fluid heat exchange working medium, such as water, nano fluid of metal or nonmetal particles, propane, isobutane and the like, boiling heat exchange conditions of different working media are different, and the device can realize boiling heat exchange research of various heat exchange working media.
2) Starting the experimental device:
selecting a heating gear of the heating power supply 4 according to the liquid level in the heating pool 2, and if the liquid level is low, only starting a single heat supply heating wire 13 for heating; if the liquid level is higher, two groups of heat supply heating wires 13 can be started simultaneously to heat simultaneously; the temperature in the heating pool 2 continuously rises, the temperature in the boiling pool 9 also can slowly rise until the temperature in the boiling pool 9 reaches the required temperature, and then the boiling pool is heated at a constant temperature, so that the working medium in the boiling pool has a certain superheat degree or supercooling degree, and experiments can be carried out.
In the heating process, an intermittent heating mode is adopted, when the temperature difference reaches or exceeds 20 ℃, the power can be cut off to stop heating, and when the temperature difference is close to within the range of 5 ℃, the heating is continued. Therefore, on one hand, the evaporation of water in the fluid heat exchange working medium can be reduced, and on the other hand, the loss of electric energy can be reduced.
In addition, a cover can be added on the boiling pool 9 during heating, so that the evaporation speed of the distilled water and the loss of heat are reduced; when the temperature of the distilled water in the boiling pool 9 is a set value, the distilled water is continuously heated for a period of time, non-condensable gas carried by the distilled water is removed, and then direct current on the boiling heating wire 19 is switched on to carry out experiments.
3) Information collection:
adjusting the positions and angles of the scanning electron microscope 11 and the high-speed camera 10 on the simulated arm bracket 12, and recording the experimental phenomenon;
the high-speed camera 10 is fixed by a tripod, the height of the high-speed camera 10 and the distance from the boiling heating wire 19 are set, and then the light-entering amount and the focal length are adjusted. It should be noted that the high speed camera 10 cannot be too close to the boiling heating wire 19, which prevents water vapor from affecting the experimental results and even damaging the high speed camera 10. The scanning electron microscope 11 is well set for position and angle through the arm-imitating support 12, and acquires observation information during an experiment.
The scanning electron microscope 11 is used for shooting the bubble separation diameter, frequency and jet phenomenon on the boiling heating wire 19, and the high-speed camera 10 is used for shooting the bubble sweeping, merging and separation phenomenon on the boiling heating wire 19.
4) Adjusting the working condition I:
selecting a proper angle, when the temperature of the distilled water in the boiling pool 9 reaches a set value, closing the heating power supply 4, adjusting a current switch on a direct current power supply of the boiling heating wire 19, changing the current, obtaining the bubble phenomenon at the same position under the condition of different heat flux densities at the same supercooling degree, storing a file, and recording data;
the process is that the voltage and the current of the direct current power supply are adjusted to be zero, then a direct current power supply switch is turned on, the voltage is gradually increased to be large enough, the current is kept to be zero, then the current is gradually adjusted to a proper position, and the fine adjustment knob is utilized to carry out more accurate adjustment. When necessary, the data can be collected by using the high-speed camera 10 or the scanning electron microscope 11, and various data can be recorded.
5) Adjusting the working condition II:
selecting a proper angle, adjusting a current switch on a direct current power supply of the boiling heating wire 19 to enable the current and the voltage of the boiling heating wire to maintain a fixed value, then adjusting the heating power supply 4 to obtain various bubble phenomena at the same position under different supercooling degrees at the same heat flux density, storing a file, and recording data;
6) Adjusting the working condition III:
when the temperature of the distilled water in the boiling pool 9 reaches a set value, the heating power supply 4 is closed, a current switch on a direct current power supply of the boiling heating wire 19 is adjusted to maintain a constant value for the current and the voltage of the boiling heating wire, the angle of the boiling heating wire 19 is adjusted, an experiment is carried out to obtain various bubble phenomena at different angles under the condition of the same supercooling degree at the same heat flux density, a file is saved, and data is recorded;
when all experiments are finished, the heating power supply 4 and the direct-current power supply switch are turned off, then the boiling heating wire 19 is lifted, the experiment table is arranged (the water temperature is high at the moment so as to prevent hands from being scalded), and the boiling tank is closed by a cover when distilled water is not used temporarily so as to prevent air from influencing the quality of the distilled water. If the experiment needs to be carried out for many times, the distilled water needs to be replaced, and the purity of the distilled water is influenced in the experiment process, so that the experiment result is influenced.
Furthermore, the heating wires of the boiling pools with different diameters or the heat exchange working medium can be replaced, the test of the steps is repeated, and the boiling heat exchange conditions under different heating wires of the boiling pools and the heat exchange working medium are researched.
When the boiling heating wire 19 is replaced, the direct-current power supply must be cut off to prevent the boiling heating wire 19 from being damaged, and then the heating wire lifting support rod 7 is used for lifting the boiling heating wire 19 and replacing the boiling heating wire with other heating wires.
When experiments are carried out under the working condition I and the working condition II, the boiling heating wires can be adjusted to be in horizontal positions, one of the boiling heating wires can be arranged in a water position, and the other boiling heating wire can be arranged in an inclined angle, so that experimental phenomena under two states can be observed simultaneously, and comparison is convenient; can set up two heater strips and be in different inclination in operating mode III, compare to different inclination circumstances. In addition, different working conditions in the scheme are experiments which are independently carried out, the sequence listed on the steps is only convenient for scheme description, and the specific operation can be independently carried out.
7) And (3) processing experimental data:
and after the experimental data acquisition is finished, observing four kinds of sweeping phenomena of bubbles on the boiling pool heating wire and bubble top jet flow phenomena, and estimating the diameter of the bubbles according to the resolution grids of the scanning electron microscope and the diameter of the boiling pool heating wire. As shown in fig. 5, five kinds of sloshing phenomena on the boiling pool heating wire include: the phenomenon that moving bubbles are swept back and forth between two static bubbles, the two bubbles move in opposite directions, the two bubbles move in the same direction, one bubble moves and collides with the second static bubble and then moves together, and the condition that the bubbles move obliquely.
As shown in fig. 6, the bubble top jet phenomenon includes: the phenomena of single jet flow towards the bottom, single jet flow towards the top and multiple jet flows towards the top; when the observation is carried out by using a scanning electron microscope, as shown in fig. 7, the diameter of the bubble is estimated according to the resolution grid of the scanning electron microscope and the diameter of the heating wire of the boiling pool.
According to the experimental method, the heating wire angle adjustable mechanism is arranged, so that the position of the heating wire of the boiling pool can be conveniently adjusted, and the phenomena of bubble sweeping, merging and separation on the heating wire of the boiling pool can be shot by matching with the arranged high-speed camera; the position of the boiling heating wire can be adjusted through the adjusting screw, the inclination angle of the boiling heating wire is changed, the position of the boiling heating wire can be adjusted at different angles, the influence of gravity on bubble generation is observed, the height of the boiling heating wire can be adjusted, and therefore a theoretical research basis is provided for the research of the boiling heat exchange problem.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, and the description is not intended to be limiting, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, without departing from the spirit of the invention, the person skilled in the art shall not inventively design the similar structural modes and embodiments to the technical solution, but shall fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A container boiling heat exchange experimental device with a tunable angle comprises a bracket, a heating wire fixing and adjusting mechanism, a water bath heating mechanism, a high-speed camera (10) and a scanning electron microscope (11), and is characterized in that the heating wire fixing and adjusting mechanism comprises a heating wire adjusting mechanism and a heating wire fixing mechanism, and the heating wire adjusting mechanism is connected with the bracket and used for horizontally or vertically adjusting the heating wire fixing and adjusting mechanism; the fixing mechanism in the heating wire fixing and adjusting mechanism mainly comprises a protractor (15), a chute (16) and a boiling heating wire (19), wherein the protractor (15) is in a semicircular ring shape, the middle part of the protractor is connected with a heating wire fixing frame (8), the chute (16) is symmetrically arranged on the protractor (15), the end part of the boiling heating wire (19) is fixed in the chute (16) through an adjusting screw (17), and the inclination angle of the boiling heating wire (19) is adjusted through the adjusting screw (17);
two clamping seats (20) connected with the lead are arranged at the bottom of the heating wire fixing frame (8), two boiling heating wires (19) are led out from the bottom of the heating wire fixing frame (8), one ends of the boiling heating wires (19) are connected with the clamping seats (20), and the other ends of the boiling heating wires (19) are connected with the adjusting screws (17) to form two loops.
2. The boiling heat exchange experimental facility for vessels with tunable angles as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bottom end of the heating wire fixing frame (8) extends out of the concave arc of the angle measuring sheet (15), and the bottom end of the heating wire fixing frame is connected with the boiling heating wire (19), so that the boiling heating wire (19) is divided into two parts.
3. An angle tunable container boiling heat exchange experimental apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: two sections of semi-bare conductors (18) are symmetrically arranged on the angle measuring sheet (15), the semi-bare conductors (18) are arc-shaped, and the radius size of the semi-bare conductors is smaller than that of the sliding grooves (16).
4. An angle tunable container boiling heat exchange experimental apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the angle measuring sheet (15) is marked with scale marks which are arranged along the edge of the sliding groove (16).
5. The boiling heat exchange experimental facility for vessels with tunable angles as claimed in claim 1, wherein: support, heater strip fixed regulating mechanism, water-bath heating mechanism in the device are connected, heater strip fixed regulating mechanism sets up on the support, and water-bath heating mechanism is located heater strip fixed regulating mechanism below, is provided with imitative arm support (12) on the support, and scanning electron microscope (11) are fixed on imitative arm support (12), gather experimental data through high-speed camera (10) and scanning electron microscope (11).
6. The boiling heat exchange experimental facility for vessels with tunable angles as claimed in claim 5, wherein: adjustment mechanism among the fixed adjustment mechanism of heater strip mainly comprises laboratory bench apical ring (5), lift branch mount (6) and lift branch (7), and lift branch mount (6) radially set up and can rotate around laboratory bench apical ring (5) center pin along laboratory bench apical ring (5) of support upper end, lift branch (7) activity sets up in lift branch mount (6) lower part to can control heater strip fixed establishment up-and-down motion through lift branch (7).
7. The boiling heat exchange experimental facility for vessels with tunable angles as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the water bath heating mechanism comprises a heating pool (2), a boiling pool (9) and a heating module, the heating module is used for heating a liquid heat exchange working medium in the heating pool (2), the heating pool (2) heats the boiling pool (9) placed in the heating pool through the liquid heat exchange working medium, and a boiling heating wire (19) on a heating wire fixing and adjusting mechanism is placed in distilled water in the boiling pool (9) for experiment.
8. An angle-tunable container boiling heat exchange experimental method is characterized in that: experiments were carried out using the angularly tunable vessel boiling heat exchange experimental apparatus of any of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
1) Preparation before experiment:
before each experiment, adding a proper amount of distilled water into a boiling pool, adding a heat exchange medium into a heating pool, fixing a boiling heating wire (19) on a measuring angle sheet (15) by using an adjusting screw (17), and adjusting the angle of the boiling heating wire (19) by contacting the boiling heating wire (19) with a semi-bare wire (18);
2) Starting the experimental device:
selecting a heating gear of a heating power supply (4) according to the liquid level in the heating tank (2), heating the boiling tank (9) at a constant temperature to enable the temperature of distilled water in the boiling tank (9) to be a set value, and switching on direct current on a boiling heating wire (19);
3) Information collection:
adjusting the positions and angles of a scanning electron microscope (11) and a high-speed camera (10) on the arm-imitating support (12), and recording experimental phenomena;
4) Adjusting the working condition I:
selecting a proper angle, when the temperature of distilled water in the boiling pool (9) reaches a set value, closing the heating power supply (4), adjusting a current switch on a direct current power supply of the boiling heating wire (19), changing the current, obtaining the bubble phenomenon at the same position under the condition of different heat flux densities at the same supercooling degree, storing a file, and recording data;
5) Adjusting the working condition II:
selecting a proper angle, adjusting a current switch on a direct current power supply of the boiling heating wire (19) to maintain the current and the voltage of the boiling heating wire at a fixed value, then adjusting a heating power supply (4) to obtain various bubble phenomena at the same position under the conditions of different supercooling degrees at the same heat flux density, storing a file, and recording data;
6) Adjusting the working condition III:
when the temperature of the distilled water in the boiling pool (9) reaches a set value, closing the heating power supply (4), adjusting a current switch on a direct current power supply of the boiling heating wire (19) to keep the current and the voltage of the current switch constant, adjusting the angle of the boiling heating wire (19), performing an experiment to obtain various bubble phenomena at different angles under the condition of the same supercooling degree at the same heat flux density, storing a file, and recording data;
7) And (3) processing experimental data:
and after the experimental data acquisition is finished, observing four kinds of sweeping phenomena of bubbles on the boiling pool heating wire and bubble top jet flow phenomena, and estimating the diameter of the bubbles according to the resolution grids of the scanning electron microscope and the diameter of the boiling pool heating wire.
9. The boiling heat exchange experimental method for the angle-tunable container according to claim 8, wherein: the bottom of the heating wire fixing frame (8) in the step 6) is provided with a clamping seat (20), the boiling heating wire (19) is connected with the clamping seat (20), and the inclination angles of the parts of the boiling heating wire (19) positioned at the two sides of the heating wire fixing frame (8) are different.
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| CN108538415A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-09-14 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of visualization pool boiling and critical heat flux density pilot system and method |
| CN112798645B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2023-04-14 | 安徽工业大学 | Heating piece for multi-angle detection of boiling heat transfer, experimental device and experimental method thereof |
| CN113218990B (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-05-13 | 江苏科技大学 | Visual pool boiling experiment system and working method thereof |
| CN114002264B (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2024-03-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Boiling heat transfer test system and method |
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