CN107151144A - 一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107151144A
CN107151144A CN201710395279.1A CN201710395279A CN107151144A CN 107151144 A CN107151144 A CN 107151144A CN 201710395279 A CN201710395279 A CN 201710395279A CN 107151144 A CN107151144 A CN 107151144A
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陈国生
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料,由以下质量百分数的原料组分制备而成,氮化硅87%~98%,烧结助剂2~13%;本发明还公开了一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)原料;(2)混磨;(3)成型;(4)车加工;(5)脱胶;(6)高温烧结;(7)磨加工;(8)产品。本发明提供的一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料及其制备方法,具有高气密性、抗高温氧化性、抗热震性、耐熔融有色金属溶蚀性、抗有色金属熔液粘着结垢等优点,使得最终产品使用寿命长。

Description

一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于新材料制备领域,尤其涉及一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
氮化硅配件新材料是用于有色金属铸造领域的低压铸造设备中的关键部件,实现将有色金属熔融液在一定气压的推动下推升至模具型腔而铸造成型,要求高的气密性、耐高温、优异的抗热震性能以及耐熔融有色金属溶蚀性能。
目前低压铸造中的有色金属熔池主要采用硅碳棒及电热丝从外围加热,这种加热方式一方面热效率低,另外在有色金属合金熔体表面易形成氧化膜,而内加热的方式可节能50%。
目前国内低压铸造机配件大多采用耐热钢及铸铁合金、钛酸铝陶瓷及氮化硅结合碳化硅陶瓷。耐热钢及铸铁合金是第一代配件材料,其寿命只有2~3天,且被有色金属熔液侵蚀后,铁杂质会污染熔液;而钛酸铝陶瓷及氮化硅结合碳化硅陶瓷是第二代配件材料,寿命约2~4周。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料及其制备方法,具有高气密性、抗高温氧化性、抗热震性、耐熔融有色金属溶蚀性、抗有色金属熔液粘着结垢等优点,使得最终产品使用寿命长。
本发明的技术方案为:一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料,由以下质量百分数的原料组分制备而成,氮化硅87%~98%,烧结助剂2~13%。
优选地,所述烧结助剂包括氧化铈、氧化镁、氧化钇、碳化钨、钴和氧化铝,其中各自质量百分比为,氧化铈0.5~2.0%,氧化镁0.5~2.5%,氧化钇0.3~2.5%,碳化钨0.2~2.5%,钴0~1.5%,氧化铝0.5~2.0%。
作为一个总的技术方案,本发明还提供了一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料制备方法,包括以下步骤,
(1)原料:按质量百分比准确称量氮化硅粉和烧结助剂,经过调配、粉碎、混合后形成原料,各原料组分质量要求符合工艺标准;
(2)混磨:将上述原料进行干磨或湿磨得到混合均质的浆料;
(3)成型:将上述混合均质的浆料采用冷等静压方法成型胚体;
(4)车加工:将上述成型坯体按工艺要求尺寸加工到位;
(5)脱胶:成型坯体加工到位后,置于脱胶炉内将坯体中成型剂脱出,其中温度按工艺要求温度曲线升降温;
(6)高温烧结:脱胶后,将坯体置于高温烧结炉进行烧结,其中温度按工艺要求温度曲线升降温,烧结处于氮气气氛下;
(7)磨加工:高温烧结后进行表面磨加工;
(8)产品:磨加工后,最后经检查后制成铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料产品。
优选地,如选择干磨,则将原料中添加研磨介质、成型剂、润滑剂进行干磨得到混合均质的浆料,研磨时间为72~200小时,其中研磨介质采用氮化硅棒/球,成型剂采用聚乙烯醇或聚乙二醇水溶性高分子材料,润滑剂采用硬脂酸锌材料。
优选地,所述氮化硅棒/球的棒/球料比为2~11∶1,所述成型剂的加量符合工艺标准要求,所述润滑剂的加量符合工艺标准要求。
优选地,所述步骤(2)中,如选择湿磨,则将原料中添加研磨介质、分散剂、成型剂、润滑剂进行湿磨、再进行喷雾干燥得到混合均质的浆料,研磨时间为72~200小时,其中研磨介质采用氮化硅棒/球,分散剂采用去离子水,成型剂采用聚乙烯醇或聚乙二醇水溶性高分子材料,润滑剂采用硬脂酸锌材料。
优选地,所述氮化硅棒/球的棒/球料比为2~11∶1,所述分散剂的加量符合工艺标准要求,所述成型剂的加量符合工艺标准要求,所述润滑剂的加量符合工艺标准要求。
优选地,所述喷雾干燥采用喷雾制粒干燥,其中喷雾制粒的粉体含水率为0.1~0.3%,粒度为20~200um。
优选地,所述步骤(3)中冷等静压的压力为100~300MPa,保压时间为5~30min。
优选地,所述步骤(6)中氮气的压力保持在1~10MPA。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:本发明的提供的一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料及其制备方法,其配方简单,原料易得,工艺步骤合理且易于实现,使得最终制得的氮化硅配件新材料产品(包括升液管新材料、鹅颈新材料、内加热管新材料、热电偶套管新材料、坩埚新材料、排气管和转子新材料等)不仅耐铝液腐蚀性显著增强,而且还具有高气密性、抗高温氧化性、抗热震性、耐熔融有色金属溶蚀性、抗有色金属熔液粘着结垢等优点,最终使用寿命长,达到1.5年以上,为国际领先水平。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中的氮化硅配件新材料产品和市场上的铸铁配件新材料、旧陶瓷配件新材料产品的高温机械强度测试图。
图2为本发明实施例中的氮化硅配件新材料产品和市场上的铸铁配件新材料、旧陶瓷配件新材料产品的耐热冲击性测试图。
图3为本发明实施例中的氮化硅配件新材料产品和市场上的铸铁配件新材料、旧陶瓷配件新材料产品的耐药特性测试图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及具体实施方式,对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料,以质量百分数计,由如下组分的原料制备而成,如表1:
表1
氮化硅 87%
氧化铈 2.0%
氧化镁 2.5%
氧化钇 2.5%
碳化钨 2.5%
1.5%
氧化铝 2.0%
上述氧化铈、氧化镁、氧化钇、碳化钨、钴和氧化铝构成烧结助剂。
一种采用实施例1所述配方的铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)原料:按质量百分比准确称量氮化硅粉和烧结助剂,经过调配、粉碎、混合后形成原料,各原料组分质量要求符合工艺标准。
(2)混磨:将上述原料进行干磨或湿磨得到混合均质的浆料。
此步骤中,如选择干磨:干磨则将原料中添加研磨介质、成型剂、润滑剂进行干磨得到混合均质的浆料,研磨时间为72~200小时。其中研磨介质采用氮化硅棒/球,氮化硅棒/球的棒/球料比为2~11∶1;成型剂采用聚乙烯醇或聚乙二醇水溶性高分子材料,成型剂的加量符合工艺标准要求;润滑剂采用硬脂酸锌材料,所述润滑剂的加量符合工艺标准要求。
此步骤中,如选择湿磨:湿磨则将原料中添加研磨介质、分散剂、成型剂、润滑剂进行湿磨、再进行喷雾干燥得到混合均质的浆料,研磨时间为72~200小时。其中研磨介质采用氮化硅棒/球,氮化硅棒/球的棒/球料比为2~11∶1;分散剂采用去离子水,分散剂的加量符合工艺标准要求;成型剂采用聚乙烯醇或聚乙二醇水溶性高分子材料,成型剂的加量符合工艺标准要求;润滑剂采用硬脂酸锌材料,润滑剂的加量符合工艺标准要求。喷雾干燥采用喷雾制粒干燥,其中喷雾制粒的粉体含水率为0.1~0.3%,粒度为20~200um。
(3)成型:将上述混合均质的浆料采用冷等静压方法成型胚体。
此步骤中,冷等静压的压力为100~300MPa,保压时间为5~30min。
(4)车加工:将上述成型坯体按工艺要求尺寸加工到位。
(5)脱胶:成型坯体加工到位后,置于脱胶炉内将坯体中成型剂脱出,其中温度按工艺要求温度曲线升降温。
(6)高温烧结:脱胶后,将坯体置于高温烧结炉进行烧结,其中温度按工艺要求温度曲线升降温,烧结处于氮气气氛下。
此步骤中,氮气的压力保持在1~10MPA。
(7)磨加工:高温烧结后进行表面磨加工。
(8)产品:磨加工后,最后经检查后制成铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料产品。产品包括升液管新材料、鹅颈新材料、内加热管新材料、热电偶套管新材料、坩埚新材料、排气管和转子新材料等。
实施例2
一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料,以质量百分数计,由如下组分的原料制备而成,如表2:
表2
氮化硅 93%
氧化铈 1.0%
氧化镁 1.5%
氧化钇 1.5%
碳化钨 1.5%
0.5%
氧化铝 1.0%
上述氧化铈、氧化镁、氧化钇、碳化钨、钴和氧化铝构成烧结助剂。
一种采用实施例2所述配方的铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料制备方法,制备方法完全同实施例1。
实施例3
一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料,以质量百分数计,由如下组分的原料制备而成,如表3:
表3
氮化硅 98%
氧化铈 0.5%
氧化镁 0.5%
氧化钇 0.3%
碳化钨 0.2%
0%
氧化铝 0.5%
上述氧化铈、氧化镁、氧化钇、碳化钨、钴和氧化铝构成烧结助剂。
一种采用实施例3所述配方的铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料制备方法,制备方法完全同实施例1。
将实施例1、实施例2、实施例3所得的铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料产品进行取样性能检测(采用业内惯用方法进行检测),产品指标具体如表4,且产品的与熔融金属发生反应、使用寿命、高温机械强度、耐热冲击性、耐药特性分别如表5、表6、图1、图2、图3;同时对市场上的铝合金低压铸造用铸铁配件材料、铝合金低压铸造用旧陶瓷配件材料进行取样性能检测(采用业内惯用方法进行检测),产品指标具体如表4,且产品的与熔融金属发生反应、使用寿命、高温机械强度、耐热冲击性、耐药特性分别如表5、表6、图1、图2、图3:
表4
表5
表6
使用助熔剂 不使用助熔剂
实施例1 6个月~1年 约2年
实施例2 6个月~1年 约2年
实施例3 6个月~1年 约2年
铸铁 2天~1星期 约1个月
旧陶瓷 2星期~1个月 1个月~2个月
上述的实施例仅为本发明的优选实施例,不能以此来限定本发明的权利范围,因此,依本发明申请专利范围所作的修改、等同变化、改进等,仍属本发明所涵盖的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料,其特征在于:由以下质量百分数的原料组分制备而成,氮化硅87%~98%,烧结助剂2~13%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料,其特征在于:所述烧结助剂包括氧化铈、氧化镁、氧化钇、碳化钨、钴和氧化铝,其中各自质量百分比为,氧化铈0.5~2.0%,氧化镁0.5~2.5%,氧化钇0.3~2.5%,碳化钨0.2~2.5%,钴0~1.5%,氧化铝0.5~2.0%。
3.一种如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤,
(1)原料:按质量百分比准确称量氮化硅粉和烧结助剂,经过调配、粉碎、混合后形成原料,各原料组分质量要求符合工艺标准;
(2)混磨:将上述原料进行干磨或湿磨得到混合均质的浆料;
(3)成型:将上述混合均质的浆料采用冷等静压方法成型胚体;
(4)车加工:将上述成型坯体按工艺要求尺寸加工到位;
(5)脱胶:成型坯体加工到位后,置于脱胶炉内将坯体中成型剂脱出,其中温度按工艺要求温度曲线升降温;
(6)高温烧结:脱胶后,将坯体置于高温烧结炉进行烧结,其中温度按工艺要求温度曲线升降温,烧结处于氮气气氛下;
(7)磨加工:高温烧结后进行表面磨加工;
(8)产品:磨加工后,最后经检查后制成铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料产品。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,如选择干磨,则将原料中添加研磨介质、成型剂、润滑剂进行干磨得到混合均质的浆料,研磨时间为72~200小时,其中研磨介质采用氮化硅棒/球,成型剂采用聚乙烯醇或聚乙二醇水溶性高分子材料,润滑剂采用硬脂酸锌材料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料制备方法,其特征在于:所述氮化硅棒/球的棒/球料比为2~11∶1,所述成型剂的加量符合工艺标准要求,所述润滑剂的加量符合工艺标准要求。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,如选择湿磨,则将原料中添加研磨介质、分散剂、成型剂、润滑剂进行湿磨、再进行喷雾干燥得到混合均质的浆料,研磨时间为72~200小时,其中研磨介质采用氮化硅棒/球,分散剂采用去离子水,成型剂采用聚乙烯醇或聚乙二醇水溶性高分子材料,润滑剂采用硬脂酸锌材料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料制备方法,其特征在于:所述氮化硅棒/球的棒/球料比为2~11∶1,所述分散剂的加量符合工艺标准要求,所述成型剂的加量符合工艺标准要求,所述润滑剂的加量符合工艺标准要求。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料制备方法,其特征在于:所述喷雾干燥采用喷雾制粒干燥,其中喷雾制粒的粉体含水率为0.1~0.3%,粒度为20~200um。
9.根据权利要求3所述的一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中冷等静压的压力为100~300MPa,保压时间为5~30min。
10.根据权利要求3所述的一种铝合金低压铸造用氮化硅配件新材料制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(6)中氮气的压力保持在1~10MPA。
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