CN107145698A - Core and radiation accident consequence large scale analogy method and simulation system - Google Patents

Core and radiation accident consequence large scale analogy method and simulation system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107145698A
CN107145698A CN201610114683.2A CN201610114683A CN107145698A CN 107145698 A CN107145698 A CN 107145698A CN 201610114683 A CN201610114683 A CN 201610114683A CN 107145698 A CN107145698 A CN 107145698A
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estimation
particle
dose
nucleic
mists
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姚仁太
黄杰
徐向军
张俊芳
吕明华
郝宏伟
范丹
陈龙泉
黄莎
赵多新
闫江雨
崔慧玲
胡继民
程伟
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China Institute for Radiation Protection
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China Institute for Radiation Protection
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16Z—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G06F2219/10—Environmental application, e.g. waste reduction, pollution control, compliance with environmental legislation

Abstract

The present invention relates to a seed nucleus and radiation accident consequence large scale analogy method and system, the analogy method is included to the estimation of nuclear blast source item, the calculating to Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration track, the calculating to diffusion, the estimation to dosage；Simulation system includes source item estimation block, the Particle diffusion computing module for the trajectory computation module to Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration trajectory calculation, for calculating Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration Lagrangian Particle Dispersion, the dose conversion module for estimating airborne radioactivity dosages of substance for being used to estimate nuclear blast source item.The analogy method and system of the present invention; can in the world kernel with radiation accident under; the migration of airborne radioactivity material, diffusion and its Environmental security consequence are estimated; during for decision-maker in face of similar incidents generation; can quickly, science, effectively propose decision recommendation and scheme, be finally reached the purpose of protection China public and Environmental security.

Description

Core and radiation accident consequence large scale analogy method and simulation system
Technical field
The invention belongs to nuclear technology field, and in particular to a seed nucleus with radiation accident consequence large scale analogy method and Simulation system, for the core to global range with radiating under accident, migration, diffusion and its ring to airborne radioactivity material The assessment of border safety consequences.
Background technology
All the time, radionuclide large scale aerial migration problem is paid much attention to and paid close attention in countries in the world, is not only The need in terms of military, national defence, and the need for being Nuclear Accident Emergency, environmental hazard problem.Radioactive substance is in an atmosphere Long-distance migration and Consequence Assessment are related to numerous scientific domains with analytical technology, belong to the technology of multi-crossed disciplines, simulate skill Art and evaluation method are also being continuously updated and developed, therefore, developed country, area including the U.S., European Union, Japan Constantly strengthening the research and development of the technology.In addition, radionuclide large scale migration numerical simulation technology is as a kind of country Technical resource, continuing to develop and update with related-art technology consider that a country must have technology from strategic angle Deposit and the ability of sustainable development.Present international situation is changeful, it is necessary to which we constantly set up and improve airborne transport mould Plan technology, and technical support is provided.
In the last few years, in the case where occurring in succession towards events such as nuclear test, the leakages of Fukushima, Japan nuclear power, set up and continuous Improve that a set of to tackle China periphery hundreds of to airborne radioactivity substance release situation emergency response system in the range of thousands of miles Necessity have become common recognition.Simulation system and analogy method that the present invention is provided, will can be faced similar for decision-maker Event, effectively quick, science, proposition decision recommendation and scheme, is finally reached the target of protection China public and Environmental security.
Therefore, Chinese Radiation Protection Research Inst's independent development, establishing core and being simulated with radiation accident consequence large scale System, including radionuclide large scale aerial migration numerical simulation technology, can tackle the core and radiation burst thing of global range Under part, the evaluation system of the migration of airborne radioactivity material, diffusion and its Environmental security consequence.
The content of the invention
For problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a seed nucleus and simulated with radiation accident consequence large scale Method, can be after core and accident to nuclear blast source item, Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration track, airborne radioactivity core Plain long-distance migration Lagrangian Particle Dispersion and airborne radioactivity dosages of substance are estimated, are that decision-maker faces similar thing When part occurs, can quickly, science, effectively propose decision recommendation and scheme, be finally reached protection China public and environment peace Full purpose.
To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：One seed nucleus is provided and radiation accident consequence is big Scale simulation method, comprises the following steps：
1) to the preparation of analog parameter；When i.e. to data of weather forecast and simulation direction, simulation beginning and ending time, release start-stop Between, trajectory time interval, off-position, the preparation of simulated domain scope；
2) simulation calculating is carried out to core and radiation event consequence, including：
Nuclear blast source item is estimated；I.e. by TNT equivalents to the height of cloud and the estimation of radius；According to fission side Journey, to the estimation that fission product, radioactive activity, share are changed over time after nuclear explosion；
Calculating to Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration track；Track motion side i.e. by solving second differnce form Journey, determines the running orbit of air particle；
Calculating to Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration Lagrangian Particle Dispersion；I.e. by integrating Particles Moving Lagrange's equation, calculates particle running orbit；By counting population, estimation grid concentration；
Estimation to airborne radioactivity dosages of substance；Smoke, mists and clouds external irradiation dose is estimated；To superficial deposit external exposure agent Amount estimation；To smoke, mists and clouds suction internal dose estimation；Accumulated dose level is estimated.
Further, step 2) in, the cloud height and radius are estimated by following equation：
Wherein：W is explosion equivalent；LW=log10(W/kT)；
Further, step 2) in, the fission equation is：
In formula：The sequence number of i-single-line chains Radionuclide；λiFor the decay coefficient of i-th of nucleic；yiI nucleic in-single-line chains Absolute independent yield；The fission number of times of the nuclear fuel of p (t)-in the unit interval；AiThe radioactivity of i nucleic in-isobar chain.
Further, step 2) in, the track equation of motion of the second differnce form is as follows：
In formula, xi(t)=[x (t), y (t), z (t)] for t particle coordinate (x, y,z)；For particle at position xi(t) wind speed；Respectively three-dimensional wind component.
Further, it is constant if calculating air mass acceleration of motion in time step Δ t, then the coordinate of movement locus can be by Following equations are stated：
As given primary condition v0[x0i (t), t], i.e. u (x0,y0,z0,t)、v(x0,y0,z0, t) with w (x0,y0,z0, t), determine that air air mass is moved by iterating to calculate Track；x0,y0,z0Initial coordinate respectively in cartesian coordinate system.
Further, step 2) in, the Lagrange's equation of the integration Particles Moving is：
xi(t+ Δs t)=xi(t)+vi(xi(t), t) Δ t+v 'i(xi(t), t) Δ t+v "i(xi(t), t) Δ t i=1,2,3
Wherein, xiFor the three-dimensional coordinate method of particle；viFor mean wind speed componentv′iFor turbulence pulsation speed Component (u ', v ', w ')；v″iFor mesoscale wind pulse velocity component (u ", v ", w ")；T is time series；Δ t is time step.
Further, step 2) in, the grid concentration is calculated by following equation：
Wherein, Q, the radioactive activity of release；N, the total number of particles of release；T, the summation of all Particle diffusion times；Nik, Time step number of i-th of particle in k grids in thetravel times；Δ t, time step；Vk, grid k volume.
Further, step 2) in, the smoke, mists and clouds external irradiation dose is calculated by following equation：
Wherein：t1、t2Represent the starting and ending moment of certain period；Org represents certain organ；DC is at grid (x, y) Place, organ org is in t1To t2Suffered smoke, mists and clouds external irradiation dose in period；AC is at grid (x, y) place, in t1To t2Period Interior nucleic nuc integral air concentration；DFC is semo-infinite smoke, mists and clouds dose conversion factors of the nucleic nuc to organ org；SFC is cigarette The shielding factor of cloud external exposure, by t1To t2The species for the protective action that the period public is taken is determined.
The superficial deposit external irradiation dose is calculated by following equation：
Wherein：DG is that organ org is in t at grid (x, y) place1To t2Suffered superficial deposit external exposure agent in period Amount；GC is at grid (x, y) place, t nucleic nuc superficial deposit concentration；GRF is that nucleic nuc sinks to organ org ground Product external irradiation dose conversion factor；SFG is the shielding factor of superficial deposit external exposure, by t1To t2It is anti-that the period public is taken The species of shield action is determined.
The smoke, mists and clouds suction internal dose is calculated by following equation：
Wherein：DI is that organ org is in t at grid (x, y) place1To t2Treating caused by suction radioactive substance is accumulated in period Inhalation dose；AC is at grid (x, y) place, in t1To t2Nucleic nuc integral air concentration in period；IF is nucleic nuc to device Official org's treats product suction internal dose conversion factor；BR is the public in t1To t2Respiratory rate in period；IPF is the public in t1 To t2Suction protection factor in period.
Further, step 2) in, the estimation of the accumulated dose level, be smoke, mists and clouds external irradiation dose is estimated result, The result of face deposition external irradiation dose estimation and the result of smoke, mists and clouds suction internal dose estimation are added up.
The present invention also provides a seed nucleus and radiation accident consequence large scale simulation system, including analog parameter prepares mould Block, source item estimation block, trajectory computation module, Particle diffusion computing module, dose calculation module；
Analog parameter preparation module：For to data of weather forecast and course bearing, time span, beginning and ending time, track Time interval, Track Initiation coordinate, the preparation of simulated domain scope；
Source item estimation block：For the estimation to nuclear blast source item, including the height to cloud and the estimation of radius；Root According to fission equation, to the estimation that fission product, radioactive activity, share are changed over time after nuclear explosion；
Source item estimation block：For the calculating to Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration track, i.e., by solving two jumps The track equation of motion of form-separating, determines the running orbit of air particle；
Particle diffusion computing module：Based on to Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Calculate, i.e., by integrating the Lagrange's equation of Particles Moving, calculate particle running orbit；Count population, calculate grid concentration.
Dose calculation module：For the estimation to airborne radioactivity dosages of substance, including smoke, mists and clouds external irradiation dose is estimated, To the estimation of superficial deposit external irradiation dose, to the estimation of smoke, mists and clouds suction internal dose, accumulated dose level is estimated.
The advantageous effects of the present invention are：(1) analogy method of the invention, can put to nuclear blast source item, to airborne Penetrating property nucleic long-distance migration track, to Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration Lagrangian Particle Dispersion and to airborne radiation Property dosages of substance estimated so that core with radiation accident under there is provided source item data, track result data, diffusion mould Intend result data and dose data, be easy to take corresponding emergency response decision-making to provide technical support for decision-maker, protect me The state public and the safety of environment.
(2) simulation system of the invention, with reliability, opening, compatibility, scalability, maintainability and can be managed Rationality.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is core of the present invention and the flow chart of radiation accident consequence large scale analogy method；
Fig. 2 is nuclear blast equivalent and smoke, mists and clouds height and the graph of a relation of radius in source item evaluation method of the present invention；
Fig. 3 be in source item evaluation method of the present invention each isotope with time dose contribution share change curve；
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of source item estimation block；
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration track calculating method of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the flow chart of Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration Lagrangian Particle Dispersion method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the embodiment to the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in figure 1, being the core and radiation accident consequence large scale analogy method that the present invention is provided, including walk as follows Suddenly：
1) analog parameter is prepared；When i.e. to data of weather forecast and simulation direction, simulation beginning and ending time, release start-stop Between, trajectory time interval, off-position, the preparation of simulated domain scope；
2) simulation calculating is carried out to core and radiation event consequence, including to the estimation of nuclear blast source item, to Airborne radionuclide The calculating of long-distance migration track, to Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration Lagrangian Particle Dispersion calculate and put to airborne The estimation of penetrating property dosages of substance；
3) by above-mentioned every estimation numerical generation chart, end of run.
Wherein, in step 1) in, if analog parameter prepares abnormal, user need to be returned, is prepared again.
Separately below to step 2) in the estimation of nuclear blast source item, the meter of Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration track Calculate, the calculating of Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration Lagrangian Particle Dispersion and the estimation of airborne radioactivity dosages of substance are entered Row explanation：
(1) source item is estimated
1st, source item evaluation method
Present invention is generally directed to ground or nuclear air-burst, determination cloud lifting is provided according to the TNT equivalents of blast Highly, the radionuclide and its activity of the stable state (after zero 0.5 day) of blast generation, main to consider that particle diameter is less than 100 μm of portions Point, the moieties can be through long-distance migration.
1) determination of cloud physical dimension
When about 1 second after aerial or ground burst, fireball reaches full-size.After short time " ascension ", red-hot bubble Start to accelerate, maximal velocity (about 300 feet per seconds, i.e. 91.44m/s) is reached in several seconds.As long as by radiation, week That encloses air is involved in the temperature for not making air mass be cooled to surrounding air yet with adiabatic expansion, and air mass just rises always.
During rising, smoke, mists and clouds develops into well known mushroom.Mushroom top is initially made up of strong rotating vortex.With Cloud constantly rises rotation and gradually slowed down.For nominal bullet, about 10000 feet of the mushroom top thickness degree after smoke, mists and clouds is stable (3048m).It (is about 30000-40000 English in mid latitudes that such case, which is generally present in panus to enter stratospheric bottom, Chi, i.e. 9144-12192m) when, but if available primary power is less, it is also possible to appear in a certain lower height.By quick-fried It is about 5-15 minutes to fry the stable time.
Smoke, mists and clouds lower curtate (mushroom stalk) feature is relevant with types of burst, during high-altitude explosion, is practically without stem, because ground thing Matter is not almost rolled in cloud.In this case, although the visible part of stem also has substantial amounts of radioactivity, mainly in gas What the water droplet cloud that stream is formed when rising was constituted.The heat effect of low latitude explosion time, shock wave and heat radiation, rolls up a large amount of soil Into ascending air.Cloud core density is relatively low, and this shows there is a rotating ring in mushroom.Thin stem is separated with mushroom top, this It is the feature of mid-air explosion.Height of the lower curtate containing dust clouds about only accounts for high 1/3rd of stem, and remaining visible part is mainly water droplet Cloud.But in ground burst or during tower burst, the continuous fumigation post being made up of the dust and fragment sunk is straight by ground surface Up to mushroom top, the configuration of mushroom and stem depends on meteorology parameter., can be with though stable gas-bearing formation can not fully prevent to rise Cause and more rapidly slow down, and widen the particle part of cloud.Prior meteorologic factor is：Wind shear plays " tear " work With.And in some cases it is broken some part full wafers of cloud.Tested according to nuclear blast, fit explosion equivalent and source height and half The relation in footpath.
The final rising height H of nuclear weapon atom bomb mushroom cloud and radius R is its explosion equivalent W function：
Wherein, LW=log10(W/kT).Fig. 2 gives the curve of above-mentioned relation formula, and H is that smoke, mists and clouds height, R are smoke, mists and clouds half Footpath.For low equivalent nuclear blast can using approximate representation as：
H≈3000m(W/kT)1/3
For LW<1.5, such as W<32kT uses above-mentioned formula internal difference.Above-mentioned formula can calculate the approximate equivalent for arriving 50MT (" Tsar Bomba " are tested, 1961).The blast of 100MT equivalents can be extrapolated to.
2) nucleic that source item considers after nuclear explosion
Fission product, remaining fissile material and structural material gasify in high temperature fireball after nuclear explosion, and being formed has very The aerosol particle thing of hot.Gravity of the larger radioaerosol particulate matter in the range of away from quick-fried heart hundreds of kilometer sinks Drop, referred to as local radiation are settled；The tropospheric smaller radioaerosol particulate matter of injection is main in same hemi-sphere range Around earth sedimentation, referred to as troposphere radioactive fallout；Inject the generation of stratospheric tiny radioactive aerosol particle thing formation Sedimentation in the range of boundary, referred to as global radioactive fallout.The main nucleic for causing external exposure that nuclear explosion is produced has：137Cs and Short-lived nuclide95Zr、106Ru、140Ba、144Ce、103Ru and141Ce etc.；Causing the main nucleic of external exposure has：14C、137Cs、90Sr、106Ru、144Ce、3H、131I、239,240,241Pu、55Fe、241Am and89Sr。
The difference of the dosage share produced according to nucleic with time-shift, with235It is most common to split exemplified by U fission product Becoming product has isotope iodide, caesium, strontium, xenon and barium, and with the migration of time, the share of its dose contribution changes.Such as Fig. 3 institutes Show, be change curve of each isotope with the dose contribution share of time, therefore in the diffusion of large scale aerial migration in nuclear blast The selection of nucleic it is also contemplated that according in the long time scale interior dose contribution ultimately resulted in a big way.According to document " Hunter and Ballon,235U instantaneous slow neutron fission, ADC-65, described in P73 ", it is contemplated that235The phase of U cracking cores To radioactivity, following nucleic are mainly considered, wherein the relative radioactivity share of each isotope is shown in Table 1, the result is cooling after zero Time is the result of 2.5 days and later some time.
Table 1235The relative radioactivity yield (%) of U cracking cores
The data provided for domestic units concerned, release source item is provided by 0.5d cool time results, is arranged in the result There is more than 300 kinds of nucleic, it is considered to following two aspects factor：Release activity accounts for the size always contributed and the size of dose conversion factor, Row selects 72 kinds of nucleic, and the system is calculated by 72 Radionuclides.
3) grain diameter characteristic of nuclear blast radioactive cloud
After nuclear blast, fission product, the nuclear material do not fissioned exist with being heated the particle diameter that the residue of vaporization is produced by fireball The finely particulate of the μ m diameter of 10nm~20, when these particles will be brought into stratosphere, especially explosion equivalent rapidly more than 10kt, The diffusion of these radiation particles in an atmosphere will be Global Scale.The radioactive particulate that early stage nuclear blast is produced is for Global Scale Influence be seldom concerned, United States Atomic Energy Commission assume particulate will spread in the world, by air apoplexy Influence and spread, be deposited to several all, moons or gradually earth surface in year.For90Sr with137The long half-lift nucleic such as Cs it is latent It is long-term in cumulative effect, but harm is less than the influence of local radioactive particle.
4) estimation of radionuclide specific activity
(1) nuclear explosion releases energy
Heavy nucleus (235U, or239Pu)+n→Σfpi+υ+2-3n+200MeV；1kt TNT release energy as 1 × 1012Cal= 4.2×1019erg；At this moment, during nuclear explosion releases energy, wink to send out 180MeV/ fp exergonic；Therefore, 1kt TNT work as The nuclear explosion of amount, has 1.45 × 1023Secondary nuclear fission；56 grams altogether235U all fissions；I.e. 1kt TNT equivalent=1.45 × 1023Secondary fission.
(2) radionuclide specific activity of nuclear explosion generation
After heavy nuclear fission, fission fragment becomes fission product, the mass number A of fission product in the range of 72~165, these Product is unstable beta activity nucleic, constitutes isobar chain.On average, most of primary fission products is reaching To pass through 3 times or 4 radioactive disintegrations before stable state.
Fission the radionuclide specific activity A generatedioFor Aio=λiNiD=λin·ηi, in formula：λiFor declining for i-th nucleic Become constant；N is total fission number of times；ηiIt is the fission yield of i-th kind of nucleic；AioIt is the initial activity of fission generation.
η points of fission yield is absolute independent yield, relatively independent yield and chain yield, when above-mentioned table 1 provides different coolings Between relative yield.For the fission yield of each nucleic after 5~15min of blast, on the one hand, also need to further consult text from now on Offer acquisition；On the other hand, then can be according to currently acquired each nucleic fission yield with cool time failing to obtaining the data Variation relation extrapolation.
(3) radioactive nature of prompt fission product
The energy that nuclear explosion equivalent discharges when being nuclear fission or fusion.1 gram of TNT (TNT) explosive charge release Go out 4.18 × 1010The energy of erg (1000 card).As it was previously stated, being discharged about when a uranium core, plutonium core or thorium fission 200 million electro-volts of energy, this is equivalent to 3.2 × 10-4Erg.
Discharged in view of the energy for only having about 90% during prompt fission, remaining 10% energy is in fission Changed in quality and delayed release with the β and γ of fission product later.It can calculate corresponding with the nuclear explosion of 1kt TNT equivalents The check figure fissioned in fissile material is
This check figure fissioned is about as much as 60 grams of uranium or plutonium.Narrowly, TNT equivalent and fission check figure Between relational expression only atom bomb is only correctly, the energy that it is discharged is entirely the knot of fuel fission chain reaction Really.
In thermonuclear explosion, caused using energy for 14 million electro-volts of Fusion Neutron238U prompt fission, TNT is worked as Amount is made up of the energy of three processes：235U、239Pu or233Light nuclear fusion and 14,000,000 electronics in U " ignition " fission, thermonuclear device Caused by the fast neutron of volt238U fissions.So, 1.45 × 10 occur wherein23It is secondary238The specified terraced grace of the thermonuclear device of U fissions Terraced equivalent is bigger than the energy that 1kt TNT explosion times discharge.
In different thermonuclear devices, the energy discharged by fission reaction differs widely, and the design feature of this and product has Close.All radioactive natures given here both correspond to the fission of 1kt TNT equivalents, i.e., 1.45 × 1023The individual check figure fissioned. Here do not account for fission Prompt-γ photons and product members and surrounding medium (air, soil) atom capture neutron and The γ radiation of generation.On the radioactivity A of single line isobar chain prompt fission product cumulative process, in fission, j nucleic Radioactivity AjDetermined by following formula：
Here λjAnd yjIt is fission product j decay coefficient and absolute independent yield respectively.
In order to try to achieve all nucleic of single line isobar chain in t>Radioactive activity when 0, it is necessary to using above-mentioned value be initial Condition, solves original differential equation group.The radioactive build-up of such as nucleic of isobar chain first, second, and third can be used respectively Following each analytic expression is described：
E in formula represents natural logrithm；
It can be calculated for other gamma-emitting radioactive natures of prompt fission product mixture with the above-mentioned formula provided.
2nd, data processing
System selects nuclear bomb explosion site, nuclear bomb explosion equivalent or monitoring according to atom bomb nuclear blast source item feature by user Information required for magnitude and the type generation nuclear explosion source item of nuclear bomb that the nuclear blast arrived is produced, is generated according to these information Source item estimation block, as shown in Figure 4.
1) nuclear blast source item radionuclide specific activity processing method
There is the single line isobar chain (A of several nucleic for uranium or plutonium etc.1→A2→…Ai→…An→ A), it is described In each nucleic specific activity it is as follows with the original differential equation group of the change of time (t)：
In formula：I --- the sequence number of single-line chains Radionuclide, j≤i≤n；yi--- the absolute independent yield of i nucleic in chain；p (t) --- the fission number of times of nuclear fuel in the unit interval；Ai--- the radioactivity of i nucleic in isobar chain.
Most common situation is studied first：P (t)=p0=constant.For reactor, it means that thermal power is permanent It is fixed.Because initial nuclear fuel is consumed with the time, keep power is constant to be accomplished by improving netron-flux density.Following first Examination is differentiated the solution of equation (1) under the conditions of beginning：
A1(0)=A10, A2(0)=A20..., Ai(0)=Ai0..., An(0)=An0 (2)
The radioactivity of first nucleic of isobar chain is：
Solution to i ≠ 1 will be represented with following formula：
In formula：1≤j≤i, and coefficient biAnd ciIt is undetermined.(4) formula is substituted into equation (1), and carries out corresponding transposition and is arranged, Obtain：
In order that this equation is set up to all t values, its necessary and sufficient condition is that the coefficient of each exponential term is impartial In zero.Thus C can be exportedijAnd biRecurrence Relation：
bi=bi-1+yip0 (7)
For i=1, from (7), formula can obtain b1=y1p0；And in general, then for
Due to j≤i, it is desirable to haveIndividual CijCoefficient.Relational expression (6) can only be madeIndividual coefficient, it is remaining Under n coefficient can from t=0 when primary condition try to achieve：
Then, the calculating formula of the whole coefficients of formula (4) is as follows：
(b)C11=A10-b1；
(d)C22=A20-b2-C21；
Etc., until Cnn。
The final recurrence Relation of each nuclide radiation quality can be written as form in isobar chain：
In thermonuclear explosion, as caused by thermal neutron, fission-spectrum neutron and 14 million electro-volts of fast neutrons235U、238U and239Pu Prompt fission product radioactivity Qj (t), see annex table 2.
Table 2 is as caused by thermal neutron235The radioactivity Qj (t) of U prompt fission products, Curie/kiloton TNT equivalent splits Become or Curie/1.45 × 1023Secondary fission
(2) Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration trajectory calculation
As shown in figure 5, be the Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration track calculating method that provides of the present invention, including it is as follows Step：
(1) obtain and store data of weather forecast, terrain data and mode parameter.
Data of weather forecast include two horizontal wind component u, v, vertical wind component w, temperature T three dimensional fields, gauge pressure Power ps；Terrain data includes earth surface longitude and latitude；Mode parameter includes type of gesture (isobaric track), coordinate set type (cartesian coordinate), course bearing, time span, beginning and ending time, trajectory time interval, Track Initiation coordinate, simulated domain model Enclose.
(2) coordinate transform is carried out.The coordinate transform be by etc. laminate layer meteorological data be converted to cartesian coordinate everywhere.
(3) according to the equation of motion of track, the movement locus of air particle is determined.
Usually, the air track of each calculating represents the space-time track of an air bolus motion.We are by these rails Mark as be to certain material spread smoke, mists and clouds mean motion estimation.
TraModel trajectory models determine air particle (or air mass) by solving the track equation of motion of second differnce form The track of motion.
Assuming that an air mass is infinitely small, regard a particle as, then what particle was passed by within specified a period of time Path is referred to as the track of the particle.Equation of locus is：
Wherein, xi(t)=[x (t), y (t), z (t)] is the coordinate (x, y, z) of t particle (or air mass)；
For particle (or air mass) x at positioni(t) Wind speed, x is that East and West direction coordinate, y are that north-south coordinate, z are vertical coordinate.
For it is studied the problem of need carry out sliding-model control, therefore, need to be solved equation with the form of finite-difference approximation (14).It means that the precision of numerical computations depends on the choice of equation (14) Taylor expansion second order or higher order term.If rail The time of integration step-length that mark is calculated is very short, then the computational accuracy of the difference equation of single order form is sufficient for requiring.Consider Computer resource and computational accuracy, while in view of the discrete time interval of meteorological field, the difference equation of second order form is relatively to manage Think.So, when it is assumed that constant in calculating time step Δ t (or wind observation cycle) interior air mass acceleration of motion, then it is moved The coordinate of track can be stated by following equations：
Solved for equation (15), as given primary condition v0[x0i(t), t] (i.e. u (x0,y0,z0,t)、v(x0,y0,z0, T) with w (x0,y0,z0, t)), the track that air air mass is moved, x are assured that by iterative calculation0、y0、z0Respectively flute card Initial coordinate in your coordinate system.
(4) wind field interpolation method, wind component u, v horizontal to two and a vertical wind component w Coordinate Conversion are utilized, will be waited Laminate layer meteorological data is converted to cartesian coordinate everywhere.
(5) position where track is calculated.Particle position by the moment wind field with calculate time step determine, i.e.,
X (2)=X (1) * Δs t*U
Y (2)=Y (1) * Δs t*V
Z (2)=Z (1) * Δs t*W
Wherein, X (1), Y (1), Z (1) are respectively current time radionuclide position；X (2), Y (2), Z (2) are respectively The position of the subsequent time radionuclide；U, V, W wind not Wei particle position wind speed three-dimensional wind component, Δ t is Time step.
(6) position according to where track, determines whether track terminates, if terminated, output trajectory, terminates program；Such as Fruit does not terminate or has new track, return to step (3), continues to calculate.
(3) Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration track Lagrangian Particle Dispersion is calculated
As shown in fig. 6, being the Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration track Lagrangian Particle Dispersion that the present invention is provided Computational methods, this method comprises the following steps：
1) data of weather forecast, terrain data, underground properties data, mode parameter are obtained；
Data of weather forecast includes：(a) space three-dimensional field data：Two horizontal wind component u and v, a vertical wind component W, temperature T, characterizing humidity；(b) space two-dimensional field data：Surface pressure, avenges thickness, sea pressure, cloud form, high u, v wind of 10m Speed, 2m high-temperatures, the high dew-point temperatures of 2m, Large-Scale Precipitation, ground sensing heat flux, solar radiation, ground stress.
Mode parameter includes：(a) release Source Term Parameter, i.e. explosion equivalent, nucleic species and radioactive activity；(b) simulate Regional extent, and mesh generation is carried out to the regional extent；(c) coordinate set type, time span, beginning and ending time.
2) space coordinate and time coordinate conversion, be by known method by etc. laminate layer meteorological data be converted to flute everywhere Karr coordinate.
3) wind field is called；Wind field file name, each wind field moment and each moment are read according to the given order of file respectively to save Point meteorological data information.
4) by integrating the Lagrange's equation of Particles Moving, particle running orbit is calculated；Using wind field interpolation, essence is obtained True wind field data.
Lagrangian particle dispersion pattern is each pollution particle to be treated as the particle for having mark, by discharging a large amount of grains Son, calculates the track of particle, and these particles describe the diffusion mobility of airborne contaminant in an atmosphere.Particle is pressed in flow field Average wind is conveyed, while simulating DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE with a series of random order in-migrations again, thus expresses advection and DIFFUSION IN TURBULENCE two Effect is planted, the distribution of pollutant is finally estimated by overall distribution of these particles on room and time.
The Lagrange's equation of Particles Moving is integrated, the running orbit of particle is write as following form：
xi(t+ Δs t)=xi(t)+vi(xi(t), t) Δ t+v 'i(xi(t), t) Δ t i=1,2,3. (16)
Wherein, xiFor the three-dimensional coordinate method of particle；viFor mean wind speed componentv′iFor turbulence pulsation speed Component (u ', v ', w ')；T is time series；Δ t is time step.The fluctuation velocity of each time step is by assuming that motion is abided by From Markov it is assumed that i.e.
Wherein, the random partial in formula in the Section 2 representation speed fluctuation amount of the right, ξ is to meet Gaussian Profile (average value It is σ for 0, standard deviationi) random number；WithFor pulsating quantity v 'iStandard Difference；(Δ t)=exp (- Δ t/ τ) is Lagrangian auto-correlation function to R；τ is Lagrangian time scales；In w component formula The Section 3 on the right is to avoid the correction term that accumulation of the particle in Low Energy Region is introduced.
Equation (16) considers average wind conveying influence and the influence of atmospheric turbulance wind pulse, and turbulence pulsation reflects the time Yardstick is less than 1 hour, corresponding to shorter length dimension.Mesoscale Motion can make the plume of disperse significantly increase (Gupta Deng 1997), for large scale problem of modelling, it is necessary to consider that mesoscale wind pulse influences.Accordingly, it is considered to mesoscale wind pulse shadow Loud discrete particles' motion equation is：
xi(t+ Δs t)=xi(t)+vi(xi(t), t) Δ t+v 'i(xi(t), t) Δ t+v "i(xi(t), t) Δ t i=1,2,3 (18)
Wherein, v "iFor mesoscale wind pulse velocity component (u ", v ", w ").
The present invention is to determine to determine Particles Moving mean trajectory with the key of Lagrangian particle disperse analogy method Average wind field, the Lagrangian integral time scale of three velocity components and the standard deviation of fluctuation.
To average wind field, by solving the track equation of motion of second differnce form,Determine air In the running orbit of particle, formula, xi(t)=[x (t), y (t), z (t)] is the coordinate (x, y, z) of t particle；For particle at position xi(t) wind speed.Work as material calculation Air mass acceleration of motion is constant in Δ t, then the coordinate of movement locus is stated by following equations,As given primary condition v0[x0i(t), t], i.e. u (x0,y0,z0,t)、v(x0,y0,z0, t) with w (x0,y0,z0, t), by iterating to calculate the track for determining that air air mass is moved, its In, x0、y0、z0Initial coordinate respectively in cartesian coordinate system.
For turbulent parameters, a kind of parametric method proposed using Hanna (1982) is mixed according to boundary layer parameters Layer height h, Monin-Obukhov length L, convection velocity yardstick w*, roughness length z0With friction velocity u*To calculate turbulent flow ginseng Number.Because Hanna method in whole planetary boundary layer can not obtain smooth σwProfile, causes particle fully to mix Close, therefore σ is determined using a kind of Ryall and Maryon (1997) modification methods proposedw。
For boundary layer parameters (such as L, u*), the layer height of Land use models first, ground 10m and 2m height wind-warm syndrome data it is right Above-mentioned parameter is calculated with profile method afterwards, using the method solution following equations of iteration：
Wherein, κ, Karman constant；zi, the layer height of pattern first；Δ u, the layer height of pattern first and 10m it is high between wind Speed difference；Δ Θ, the layer height of pattern first and 2m it is high between the position temperature difference；G, acceleration of gravity；Θ*, temperature scale；L, Mo Ning- Cloth Hough length difficult to understand；Average surface air temperature；ΨmAnd Ψh, the stability correction function of momentum and heat, its functional form is
Wherein, φ1And φ2The respectively profile function of wind speed and temperature, its form is respectively
For mesoscale wind pulse parameter, the method proposed using Maryon (1998)：By assuming mesoscale wind speed arteries and veins It is dynamic unrelated with Hanna parametric methods are covered turbulence pulsation, an independent Lagrange's equation is solved to solve, it is used The variance of time scale and speed is to carry out analysis of spectrum by the wind observation time sequence to a survey station to obtain.It is assumed that in net The variance for the wind observed on lattice yardstick also provides some information for sub- grid wind speed deviation, so, true with a kind of method for simplifying Determining the obtaining value method of wind speed deviation is：Calculate the speed of 16 mesh points (over time and space) around particle position Standard deviation, wind speed deviation used when then taking the half of the standard deviation as solution mesoscale Lagrange's equation.
5) dry, wet deposition is calculated using the concept of source depletion
The dry deposition deposition velocity V of given materiald(m/s) describe, can according to species type and underground properties come It is determined that.Rain-out effect is to cause one of most important factor of ground high radioactivity level of pollution.Wet deposition can use class Calculate, the difference is that only with flushing coefficient Λ (s like the method for dry deposition-1) Dry Deposition Velocity is replaced, rinse the big of coefficient It is small to depend on rainfall intensity.The estimation of radioactive decay：According to formula
N (1)=N (0) * 0.5Δt*λ
Wherein, N (1) is the radioactive material quality after decay；N (0) is the radioactive material quality before decay；△ t are decay Time, s；λ is decay coefficient, s-1。
The dry, estimation of wet deposition amount.Deposition calculating is carried out just for aerosol.
Cd=C*Vd
CdFor the concentration after sedimentation, Bq/m2；
C is air concentration, Bq/m3；
VdFor sinking speed, m-1。
When surface layer has precipitation generation, while calculating dry deposition and wet deposition amount；
When surface layer occurs without precipitation, dry deposition is only calculated.
6) statistics particle density, calculating grid concentration
In order to improve diffusion computational accuracy and efficiency, when using particle splitting technique and Kernel-Based Methods.Utilize kernel function Method is calculated space focus concentration.Kernel-Based Methods think the cigarette group after discretization in transition process, its own Also the trend of Gaussian is presented.For this pattern, because space lattice spacing is larger, and if simple particle pattern not Using Grid Nesting Technique, then irrational uniform concentration is presented inside grid, and cause the systematic error of monitoring point concentration.Institute To introduce Kernel-Based Methods in pattern, so can not only avoid the nested calculating of complexity, and quickly can reasonably obtain To the concentration of limited focus.Simultaneously for the Kernel-Based Methods of general significance, the space diffused sheet of single proton group is not emphasized Tropism, but because in large-scale model, proton group is sparse, and symmetrical kernel function still can cause false spatial concentration Distribution.In this regard, pattern sets different parameters according to meteorological condition, the kernel function diffusion for rolling into a ball proton presents more real three-dimensional Mal-distribution.
The computational methods of radionuclide air concentration：Concentration in each grid is proportional to particle and passes through the grid when institute The summation taken time, therefore the concentration C of each gridk(Bq/m3) calculated with following equation：
Wherein, Q, the radioactive activity of release, Bq；N, the total number of particles of release；T, the summation of all Particle diffusion times, s；Nik, time step number of i-th of particle in k grids in thetravel times；Δ t, time step, s；Vk, grid k volume, m3。 In concentration calculating, radioactive decay is modified according to the total time of the half-life period of radionuclide and particle migration.
7) output time interval
If reaching the concentration output time of setting, the concentration of the moment grid, and delivery air concentration field are calculated；If It is not reaching to the concentration output time of setting, it is considered to particle splitting condition, tracks all particles, checks whether there is new particle and release Put；If new particle discharges return to step 3), if without new particle release, terminating program.
Wherein：Particle splitting condition, is when 12 adjacent spaces in space where certain particle are distributed without particle, to grain Son enters line splitting.That is, the mass particle after division halves, total simulation particle number increase by 1.All particles of tracking, are checked whether There is new particle release, be to judge simulated time whether in section release time, if in releasing section, increasing N number of grain newly The initial migration position of son, and together carry out diffusion mobility simulation with other existing particles.
Solved for equation (3), when given primary condition, each random walk particle is assured that by iterative calculation Movement locus.
(4) airborne radioactivity substance release dose conversion
Core and radiation accident consequence large scale airborne radioactivity substance release dose conversion method, including air submergence Closed outside outer photograph dosage, surficial deposit according to dosage, interior dosage, personal effective dose and the class of thyroid dose five of shining of suction Meter, provide under the accident airborne radioactivity material not in the same time may caused by environment Potential dose level.
1st, smoke, mists and clouds external irradiation dose is estimated
For smoke, mists and clouds long-distance migration, using " semo-infinite smoke, mists and clouds " method.For a given period, distant calculation net Smoke, mists and clouds external irradiation dose in lattice is calculated by following equation：
In formula：t1、t2Represent the starting and ending moment of certain period；Org represents certain organ；DC is at grid (x, y) Place, organ org is in t1To t2Suffered smoke, mists and clouds external irradiation dose (Sv) in period；AC is at grid (x, y) place, in t1To t2 Nucleic nuc integral air concentration (Bqs/m in period3)；DFC is that nucleic nuc turns to organ org semo-infinite smoke, mists and clouds dosage Change the factor [Svm3/(Bq·s)]；SFC is the shielding factor (dimensionless) of smoke, mists and clouds external exposure, by t1To t2Period, the public was adopted The species of the protective action taken is determined.
Here AC is at grid (x, y) place, in t1To t2Nucleic nuc integral air concentration Bqs/m in period3), The nucleic integral air concentration is according to calculating, and computational methods are as follows：Calculate first in the concentration of each grid, each grid Concentration be proportional to particle by the summation the time required to during the grid, therefore the concentration C of each gridk(Bq/m3) use following public affairs Formula is calculated：
Wherein, Q, the radioactive activity of release, Bq；N, the total number of particles of release；T, The summation of all Particle diffusion times, s；Nik, time step number of i-th of particle in k grids in thetravel times；Δ t, time step It is long, s；Vk, grid k volume, m3；Then according to the concentration of grid, added up, obtain nucleic integral air concentration.
Q, the radioactive activity of release, activity is produced according to the decay coefficient, total fission number of times and nucleic fission of nucleic Product between volume three is obtained；Nucleic fission yield needs consulting literatures.
N, the total number of particles of release is spread using the method simulated atmosphere of particle random walk, each dirty in the pattern The particle of dye, which is treated as, the particle of mark, by discharging a large amount of particles, calculates the track of particle by known method, and these grains Son describes the diffusion mobility of airborne contaminant in an atmosphere, is finally estimated by overall distribution of these particles on room and time Calculate release total number of particles；
Δ t, time step, the determination of the time step was depended between the time of the lattice of grid away from, wind speed and discrete wind field Every being followed from space angle：
Wherein, Δ xiIt is space lattice away from i represents three directions；viThe wind component in three directions is represented respectively.From time angle Degree is followed：
Wherein, Δ tWind fieldTo input the cycle of the time interval of wind field, i.e. wind observation or numerical weather forecast wind field.Particle The time step maximum of migration computation schema is less than Δ tSpaceWith Δ tTimeMinimum value, minimum time step-length can be 1 second.
DFC is semo-infinite smoke, mists and clouds dose conversion factor [Svms of the nucleic nuc to organ org3/ (Bqs)], the conversion The factor can be obtained in existing document；
SFC is the shielding factor of smoke, mists and clouds external exposure, by t1To t2The species decision for the protective action that the period public is taken, If exposed individual takes the mode for not withdrawing environment, shielding factor is 1；If taking the mode for withdrawing environment, shielding because Son is 0；During for entering in the barriers such as house, user needs to provide actual shielding factor；Shielding factor value should be more than 0 Decimal.
2nd, the estimation of superficial deposit external irradiation dose
For a given period, superficial deposit external irradiation dose is calculated by following formula：
In formula, DG is that organ org is in t at grid (x, y) place1To t2Suffered superficial deposit external irradiation dose in period (Sv)；GC is at grid (x, y) place, t nucleic nuc superficial deposit concentration (Bq/m2).The superficial deposit changed over time Concentration is provided as instantaneous air concentration by dispersal pattern.GRF is superficial deposit external exposure agent of the nucleic nuc to organ org Measure conversion factor [Svm2/ (Bqs)], the dose conversion factor can be obtained in existing document；SFG is outside superficial deposit The shielding factor (dimensionless) of irradiation, by t1To t2The species for the protective action that the period public is taken is determined.
3rd, smoke, mists and clouds sucks the estimation of internal dose
For the given period t for not taking Stable Iodine1To t2Interior smoke, mists and clouds suction internal dose, calculation formula：
In formula, DI is that organ org is in t at grid (x, y) place1To t2Treating caused by suction radioactive substance is accumulated in period Inhalation dose (Sv)；AC is at grid (x, y) place, in t1To t2Nucleic nuc integral air concentration (Bqs/m in period3)； IF is that nucleic nuc treats product suction internal dose conversion factor (Sv/Bq) to organ org；BR is the public in t1To t2In period Respiratory rate (m3/s)；IPF is the public in t1To t2Suction protection factor (dimensionless) in period.
4th, accumulated dose level is estimated
It is various in view of nuclear blast source item nucleic species, calculate the time brought to avoid spreading all release nucleic one by one Whether expense, according to its half-life period length (30 days being boundary), cause thyroid dose, with the presence or absence of factors such as superficial deposit dosage All concern nucleic are divided into five classes, iodine group is followed successively by, has deposition short-half-life, have deposition long half-lift, short partly decline without depositing Phase, without deposition long half-lift.Meanwhile, certain nucleic is selected in each group as all kinds of representative nucleic, above-mentioned five class of correspondence, its generation Table nucleic is followed successively by I-131, Ba-140, Cs-137, Xe-133, Kr-85.
Diffusion is simulated just for representative nucleic every time, and during dose conversion further according to it is actual discharge nucleic amount and Nucleic half-life difference is corrected to its concentration, and then dosage level caused by each nucleic is estimated, finally to all Dosage is added up caused by nucleic, so as to obtain this time release accumulated dose distribution.
The following is present invention data involved in calculating process：
(1) coordinate system
Pattern uses mixed proportion, i.e. x, y, η coordinate, and wherein η is a kind of vertical seat for entering line translation to air pressure coordinate Mark, η is with air pressure transformation of coordinates method：
pk=Ak+Bkps
ηk=Ak/p0+Bk
Wherein, ηkFor the η values of pattern kth layer；psFor surface pressure；p0For pressure-constant (101325Pa).AkAnd BkTo be Number, by being determined closest to the value of earth's surface (coordinate everywhere) and the value of maximum pressure height layer, the coefficient value of intermediate altitude layer then root Determined according to the barometric gradient between surface layer and pressure height layer.
If in addition, considering polar region stereoprojection when latitude is more than 75 °.
(2) time, spatial resolution
The time of pattern, spatial resolution depend on two aspect factors：One is the time of input data, spatial resolution； Two be the time of mode computation, spatial resolution, in the case where the spatial and temporal resolution of input data is certain, mode computation when Space division resolution depends primarily on time step.
1. the time of input data, spatial resolution
In numerical model, landform be with the spatial resolution of meteorological data it is consistent, acceptable spatial resolution from 0.25 ° to 2.5 °, temporal resolution is from 3h to 12h.
Numerical Analysis result shows, with the reduction of wind field grid resolution, the order of accuarcy of numerical simulation result Also decrease.Numerical Experiment shows：Wind feature about can be by 0.5 ° of (about 45km) spatial discrimination, 6 hours point Horizontal forecast wind field parsing is distinguished, and utilizes 2.5 ° (about 225km) and the time-space resolution forecast wind field of 12 hours can not then meet Need.It is therefore contemplated that the wind field time interval of 6 hours is the primary condition of large-scale model operation.Consider simulation Precision and computing resource and calculating speed, in the present system using 0.5 ° of spatial resolution, the temporal resolution of 3~6 hours The need for level fully meets practical application.
2. time step
The determination of time step depends on time interval of the lattice of grid away from, wind speed and discrete wind field, is abided by from space angle Follow：
Wherein, Δ xiIt is space lattice away from i represents three directions；viThe wind component in three directions is represented respectively.From time angle Degree is followed：
Wherein, Δ tWind fieldTo input the cycle of the time interval of wind field, i.e. wind observation or numerical weather forecast wind field.Particle The time step maximum of migration computation schema is less than Δ tSpaceWith Δ tTimeMinimum value, minimum time step-length can be 1 second.
The present invention also provides a seed nucleus and radiation accident consequence large scale simulation system, including analog parameter prepares mould Block, source item estimation block, trajectory computation module, Particle diffusion computing module and dose calculation module；
Analog parameter preparation module, for data of weather forecast and course bearing, time span, beginning and ending time, track Time interval, Track Initiation coordinate, the preparation of simulated domain scope；
Source item estimation block, for known explosion equivalent to the estimation of the height of cloud and radius, according to core The different estimations to nucleic species of dosage share, the decay coefficient according to nucleic, the fission time produced after blast with time-shift The estimation of number and fission yield to radionuclide specific activity；
Trajectory computation module, by solving the track equation of motion of second differnce form, determines the running orbit of air particle；
Particle diffusion computing module, by integrating the Lagrange's equation of Particles Moving, calculates particle running orbit；Calculate Radioactive decay and dry, wet deposition；Count particle density, calculate grid concentration.
Dose calculation module, for airborne radioactivity dosages of substance evaluation method, including smoke, mists and clouds external irradiation dose is estimated, To the estimation of superficial deposit external irradiation dose, to the estimation of smoke, mists and clouds suction internal dose, accumulated dose level is estimated.
Four physical modules in simulation system of the present invention, can interact operation, can also be selected as needed.The present invention Simulation system has：
(1) reliability
Operation and data (storehouse) management are managed in the way of task ID so that system operation management, user's operation have a set of Clearly thinking, it is to avoid intersect, system operation is more safe and reliable.
(2) open and compatibility
Whole operating energy loss is open, and user can easily select the method for operation of physical module as needed. System input, output parameter form are disclosed.
(3) scalability
User as needed, can edit source item, and selection as needed calculates nucleic；GIS-Geographic Information System can be changed Legend type；It can change, increase, deleting the figure layer of GIS-Geographic Information System.
(4) it is maintainable
Because system design is safe and reliable, system does not need too many maintenance typically in itself.
(5) manageability
System uses general Windows operating system, and using the Windows interfaces of standard, the management to system is simple.
Simulation system input and output of the present invention and running：
, it is necessary to which the input information that user determines can be divided into simulation background information, source item information, simulation for the system The class of temporal information three.Wherein, simulation background information includes：Evaluate type, arithmetic type, the selection of meteorological data, simulated domain, Diffusion simulations focus title, position；Source item information includes：Nuclear blast type and equivalent, emission levels position, release altitude, release Put total amount, release species type and non-nuclear blast, non-homogeneous nucleic total volume；Simulated time information includes：During wind field initial Between, release open only the time, simulation open only temporal information.
According to operation and system operation needs, input mode typically point three classes of each information.Specifically have：Map is clicked, hand Work typing, system default.
System output includes main meteorological data, diffusion result, track result and Dose Results.Wherein, meteorological data bag Include dimensional wind, three-dimensional temperature field, air pressure, rainfall；Diffusion simulations result include by when instantaneous air concentration, superficial deposit it is dense Degree, air time integral concentration, focus instantaneous air concentration and time integral concentration；Trace simulation result include by when particle Position；Dosage analog result include by when submergence it is outer shine, shine in suction, shine outside superficial deposit, personal effective dose, and first shape Gland dosage.System output includes figure, form and document form data.
The core of the present invention and radiation accident consequence large scale simulation system and analogy method, however it is not limited to above-mentioned specific Embodiment, those skilled in the art's technique according to the invention scheme draws other embodiments, also belongs to the present invention Technological innovation scope.

Claims (10)

1. a seed nucleus comprises the following steps with radiation accident consequence large scale analogy method：
1) to the preparation of analog parameter；I.e. to data of weather forecast and simulation direction, simulation the beginning and ending time, release the beginning and ending time, Trajectory time interval, off-position, the preparation of simulated domain scope；
2) simulation calculating is carried out to core and radiation event consequence, including：
Nuclear blast source item is estimated；I.e. by TNT equivalents to the height of cloud and the estimation of radius；It is right according to fission equation The estimation that fission product, radioactive activity, share are changed over time after nuclear explosion；
Calculating to Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration track；I.e. by solving the track equation of motion of second differnce form, Determine the running orbit of air particle；
Calculating to Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration Lagrangian Particle Dispersion；Glug i.e. by integrating Particles Moving Bright day equation, calculates particle running orbit；By counting population, grid concentration is estimated；
Estimation to airborne radioactivity dosages of substance；Smoke, mists and clouds external irradiation dose is estimated；Superficial deposit external irradiation dose is estimated Calculate；To smoke, mists and clouds suction internal dose estimation；Accumulated dose level is estimated.
2. core as claimed in claim 1 and radiation accident consequence large scale analogy method, it is characterized in that：Step 2) in, The cloud height and radius are estimated by following equation：
Wherein：W is explosion equivalent；LW=log10(W/kT)。
3. core as claimed in claim 1 and radiation accident consequence large scale analogy method, it is characterized in that：Step 2) in, The fission equation is as follows：
In formula：The sequence number of i- single-line chains Radionuclides；λiFor the decay coefficient of i-th of nucleic；yiI nucleic is absolute only in-single-line chains Vertical yield；The fission number of times of the nuclear fuel of p (t)-in the unit interval；AiThe radioactivity of i nucleic in-isobar chain.
4. core as claimed in claim 1 and radiation accident consequence large scale analogy method, it is characterized in that：Step 2) in, The track equation of motion of the second differnce form is as follows：In formula, xi(t)=[x (t), y (t), z (t) it is] coordinate (x, y, z) of t particle；For particle The x at positioni(t) wind speed；Respectively three-dimensional AVG W/C.
5. core as claimed in claim 4 and radiation accident consequence large scale analogy method, it is characterized in that：If calculated Between air mass acceleration of motion is constant in step delta t, then the coordinate of movement locus can be stated by following equations：As given primary condition v0[x0i(t), t], i.e. u (x0,y0,z0,t)、v(x0,y0,z0, t) with w (x0,y0,z0, t), by iterating to calculate the track for determining that air air mass is moved；x0, y0,z0Initial coordinate respectively in cartesian coordinate system.
6. core as claimed in claim 1 and radiation accident consequence large scale analogy method, it is characterized in that：Step 2) in, It is described integration Particles Moving Lagrange's equation be：
xi(t+ Δs t)=xi(t)+vi(xi(t),t)Δt+v′i(xi(t),t)Δt+v″i(xi(t), t) Δ t i=1,2,3
Wherein, xiFor the three-dimensional coordinate method of particle；viFor mean wind speed componentv′iFor turbulence pulsation velocity component (u′,v′,w′)；v″iFor mesoscale wind pulse velocity component (u ", v ", w ")；T is time series；Δ t is time step.
7. core as claimed in claim 1 and radiation accident consequence large scale analogy method, it is characterized in that：Step 2) in, The grid concentration is calculated by following equation：
Wherein, Q, the radioactive activity of release；N, the total number of particles of release；T, the summation of all Particle diffusion times；Nik, i-th Time step number of the individual particle in k grids in thetravel times；Δ t, time step；Vk, grid k volume.
8. core as claimed in claim 1 and radiation accident consequence large scale analogy method, it is characterized in that：Step 2) in, The smoke, mists and clouds external irradiation dose is calculated by following equation：
Wherein：t1、t2Represent the starting and ending moment of certain period；Org represents certain organ；DC is at grid (x, y) place, device Official org is in t1To t2Suffered smoke, mists and clouds external irradiation dose in period；AC is at grid (x, y) place, in t1To t2Nucleic in period Nuc integral air concentration；DFC is semo-infinite smoke, mists and clouds dose conversion factors of the nucleic nuc to organ org；SFC is to be shone outside smoke, mists and clouds The shielding factor penetrated, by t1To t2The species for the protective action that the period public is taken is determined.
The superficial deposit external irradiation dose is calculated by following equation：
Wherein：DG is that organ org is in t at grid (x, y) place1To t2Suffered superficial deposit external irradiation dose in period；GC For at grid (x, y) place, t nucleic nuc superficial deposit concentration；GRF be nucleic nuc to organ org superficial deposit outside Exposure dose conversion factor；SFG is the shielding factor of superficial deposit external exposure, by t1To t2The protection row that the period public is taken Dynamic species is determined.
The smoke, mists and clouds suction internal dose is calculated by following equation：
Wherein：DI is that organ org is in t at grid (x, y) place1To t2Suction to be accumulated in period caused by suction radioactive substance Dosage；AC is at grid (x, y) place, in t1To t2Nucleic nuc integral air concentration in period；IF is nucleic nuc to organ Org's treats product suction internal dose conversion factor；BR is the public in t1To t2Respiratory rate in period；IPF is the public in t1Extremely t2Suction protection factor in period.
9. core as claimed in claim 1 and radiation accident consequence large scale analogy method, it is characterized in that：Step 2) in, The estimation of the accumulated dose level, is result, the knot of superficial deposit external irradiation dose estimation for estimating smoke, mists and clouds external irradiation dose The result of fruit and smoke, mists and clouds suction internal dose estimation is added up.
10. a seed nucleus and radiation accident consequence large scale simulation system, it is characterized in that：Including analog parameter preparation module, Source item estimation block, trajectory computation module, Particle diffusion computing module, dose calculation module；
Analog parameter preparation module：For to data of weather forecast and course bearing, time span, beginning and ending time, trajectory time Interval, Track Initiation coordinate, the preparation of simulated domain scope；
Source item estimation block：For the estimation to nuclear blast source item, including the height to cloud and the estimation of radius；According to splitting Become equation, to the estimation that fission product, radioactive activity, share are changed over time after nuclear explosion；
Source item estimation block：For the calculating to Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration track, i.e., by solving second differnce shape The track equation of motion of formula, determines the running orbit of air particle；
Particle diffusion computing module：For the calculating to Airborne radionuclide long-distance migration Lagrangian Particle Dispersion, i.e., By integrating the Lagrange's equation of Particles Moving, particle running orbit is calculated；Count population, calculate grid concentration.
Dose calculation module：Estimated, over the ground for the estimation to airborne radioactivity dosages of substance, including to smoke, mists and clouds external irradiation dose Face deposition external irradiation dose is estimated, to the estimation of smoke, mists and clouds suction internal dose, to the estimation of accumulated dose level.
CN201610114683.2A 2016-03-01 2016-03-01 Core and radiation accident consequence large scale analogy method and simulation system Pending CN107145698A (en)

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CN109524061A (en) * 2018-10-23 2019-03-26 中国人民解放军陆军防化学院 A kind of radionuclide diffusion calculation method based on transmission coefficient matrix
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CN109977544A (en) * 2019-03-26 2019-07-05 华南理工大学 A kind of Airborne radionuclide131The analogy method of I disperse within the scope of mesoscale
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CN111508573A (en) * 2020-04-17 2020-08-07 西安交通大学 Method and system for analyzing expansion behavior of uranium silicon compound nuclear fuel caused by fission gas
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CN111625751A (en) * 2020-03-20 2020-09-04 中国辐射防护研究院 Warning method for evacuation action of the public in spent fuel transportation accident
CN111651872A (en) * 2020-05-22 2020-09-11 西北核技术研究院 Nuclear explosion radioactive contamination prediction method based on gas-solid two-phase flow simulation
CN112556641A (en) * 2020-11-26 2021-03-26 深圳华星智感科技有限公司 Rigid structure vertical displacement deformation error calculation method
CN112683719A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-04-20 中国辐射防护研究院 Device for measuring release source item under nuclear material fire accident condition and evaluation method
CN112990643A (en) * 2020-12-15 2021-06-18 中国辐射防护研究院 Design method of dosage calculation system under accident condition
CN113484198A (en) * 2021-06-30 2021-10-08 重庆建安仪器有限责任公司 Radiation smoke cloud diffusion prediction system and method
CN114544704A (en) * 2022-02-24 2022-05-27 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 Mesoscale high heat flux irradiation ignition test system and method

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CN107797132A (en) * 2017-09-13 2018-03-13 华南理工大学 A kind of inversion method of three dimensional radiation field dosage
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CN109977544A (en) * 2019-03-26 2019-07-05 华南理工大学 A kind of Airborne radionuclide131The analogy method of I disperse within the scope of mesoscale
CN110133188A (en) * 2019-04-26 2019-08-16 中国辐射防护研究院 The research device and research method of radionuclide plant wet deposition Interception factor
CN111625751A (en) * 2020-03-20 2020-09-04 中国辐射防护研究院 Warning method for evacuation action of the public in spent fuel transportation accident
CN111508573A (en) * 2020-04-17 2020-08-07 西安交通大学 Method and system for analyzing expansion behavior of uranium silicon compound nuclear fuel caused by fission gas
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