CN107145684B - Underground rock mass engineering ground pressure management and control method - Google Patents

Underground rock mass engineering ground pressure management and control method Download PDF

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CN107145684B
CN107145684B CN201710416156.1A CN201710416156A CN107145684B CN 107145684 B CN107145684 B CN 107145684B CN 201710416156 A CN201710416156 A CN 201710416156A CN 107145684 B CN107145684 B CN 107145684B
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stress
area
mining
ground pressure
rock
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CN107145684A (en
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孙国权
周科平
汪为平
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Central South University
Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co Ltd
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Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co Ltd
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    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • G06Q50/02Agriculture; Fishing; Mining
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/06Power analysis or power optimisation

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for managing and controlling underground rock mass engineering ground pressure, which comprises the following steps: 1) research reveals a ground pressure manifestation rule (Study), and a stress rising area, a stress reducing area, a tensile stress area and a rock mass movement angle in the underground ore rock body are obtained; 2) guiding mining area ground pressure transfer (Transter), and guiding stress in a mining area to transfer in a mode of adopting a horizontal cutting lane and a vertical cutting groove in an underground ore rock body; 3) utilizing high stress caving (Use) of a mining area to eliminate the hidden danger of impact disasters caused by stress concentration on a top plate of the goaf and simultaneously form a covering layer required by stoping; 4) and controlling the development (Control) of the ground pressure in the operation area, supporting the stoping roadway in an internal reinforcing mode of an anchor rod or an anchor cable, converting passive Control of the ground pressure into active management, controlling the development of the ground pressure such as collapse, caving and the like, and ensuring the safety of stoping.

Description

Underground rock mass engineering ground pressure management and control method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rock mass engineering ground pressure management method, in particular to a ground pressure management and control method for surrounding rocks of underground mine exploitation, which can be widely applied to rock mass underground engineering such as mines, tunnel tunnels, subways and the like, and is particularly suitable for ground pressure management and control of deep exploitation of underground mines.
Background
The rock mass under the mine is in a balanced state without excavation under the action of the weight of the overlying strata and other forces, and the balanced state is called as an original stress balanced state. Once the ore rock mass is excavated or an excavation project is nearby, the original stress balance state of the ore rock mass is damaged, the stress in the ore rock mass is redistributed so as to achieve new balance, in the process, a secondary stress field forms a stress concentration area and a stress reduction area in a certain area around the excavation range in the secondary distribution process, so that the rock mass around a roadway or a mining field moves, deforms and breaks, the stability of underground projects such as the mining field is influenced, and the phenomenon is called ground pressure display. This surface pressure development is a significant safety issue faced in the underground mining of mineral deposits. Therefore, revealing the activity rule of the rock burst and controlling the rock burst appearance are the basis for realizing safe production of mines.
The existence of the earth pressure makes mining work difficult, and in order to ensure safe production and smooth stoping work, measures for reducing or avoiding the harm of the earth pressure are required, or earth pressure is actively utilized for mining, and the work is earth pressure management.
In the ' goaf stability analysis based on FLAC3D program ' published in No. 2 of Metal mines 2007 ', the goaf stability of a certain gold mine is numerically analyzed through a FLAC3D program, a distribution rule of stress and strain is obtained, and a numerical simulation program is provided to provide scientific basis in stability analysis of rock mass. In the text entitled "method for controlling rock migration hazards during transition period from open air to underground", published by volume 36 in volume 3 of 2015 of northeast university (natural science), the mutual interference of open air and underground production is reduced by controlling the slope sliding direction, and a method for controlling the rock migration hazards is provided; in the article of 'application research on prevention and control of impact mine pressure by blasting pressure relief technology' in 2016 (coal science and technology in Jiangxi), deep-hole pressure relief blasting parameters and a blasting process are introduced, a pressure relief blasting effect is monitored by using an electromagnetic radiation method, and a method for prevention and control of impact mine pressure by using the blasting pressure relief technology is provided; in the text of "deep rock mechanics research and exploration" published in volume 34 of 11 th of the report of the science and engineering of rock mechanics "2015, the development conditions of deep rock mechanics engineering of deep coal mines, deep metal mines and extremely deep underground engineering at home and abroad are introduced, and some key problems to be solved by the deep rock mechanics are proposed and analyzed.
Although the above documents and other prior achievements propose methods for analyzing earth pressure laws, controlling earth pressure and pressure relief mining, these earth pressure management modes obviously lack systematicness and dynamics, and do not fully represent the inherent particularity of rock mass in rock mass engineering and the complexity of dynamic change of stress field in the excavation process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provide an underground rock mass engineering ground pressure management and control method which can improve the recovery efficiency, ensure the recovery safety and reduce the recovery cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for managing and controlling underground rock engineering ground pressure, which is realized by adopting the following technical scheme and steps:
1) studies reveal the rule of earth pressure manifestation (Study)
By researching geological data, testing the stress of the original rock, testing the mechanical parameters of the ore rock, reducing the mechanical parameters and constructing a mechanical model, on the basis of combining underground mine mining planning, mining methods and mining processes, the method of numerical simulation, similar simulation, theoretical analysis, on-site monitoring and engineering analogy is adopted to analyze the ground pressure manifestation rule in the process of forming a goaf by excavating the underground ore rock at each step, so as to obtain a stress rising area, a stress reducing area, a tensile stress area and a rock mass moving angle in the underground ore rock and provide a theoretical basis for ground pressure management; the earth pressure visualization comprises: roadway collapse, roof collapse, rock stratum movement, surface subsidence, and the like.
2) Guiding mining area ground pressure transfer (Transter)
According to the ground pressure manifestation rule disclosed in the step 1), by combining the mining process, the stress in the mining area is guided to transfer in the underground ore rock body in a horizontal cutting roadway and vertical cutting groove mode, and is redistributed to form a new stress rising area and a new stress reducing area, and meanwhile, a stoping roadway is arranged in the new stress reducing area, so that the stress distribution state of the ore rock body in the mining area is improved, the peripheral stress of the well roadway, the chamber engineering and the like is reduced, and the environment is regenerated for the efficient mining of the ore body.
① when the mining area is mainly vertical stress, the stress of overlying strata layer on the mining area (stope, laneway or chamber) is partially or completely transferred to the surrounding by vertical cutting, the mining engineering under the pressure arch in the mining area only bears the weight of the overlying strata, and at the moment, the vertical stress value is obviously reduced and the mining becomes easy.
②, when the mining area is mainly horizontal stress, the horizontal stress acting on the ore body in the mining area (stope, roadway or chamber and the like) is cut off through horizontal cutting to form a horizontal stress reduction area, and the horizontal stress value in the mining area is obviously reduced and easy to excavate.
3) Using high stress caving in mining areas (Use)
The step 2) can realize the redistribution of the stress state of the rock mass region through stress transfer to form a new stress reduction region and a new stress rising region, on the basis of the step 2), different mining processes are fully combined, the stress concentration characteristic of the stress rising region or the high stress characteristic of a deep well self exists is utilized, the medium-length hole is formed in the new stress rising region on the goaf top plate, the caving of the goaf top plate rock mass is induced by adopting an induced caving mode, the impact disaster hidden danger of stress concentration on the goaf top plate is eliminated, and meanwhile, a covering layer required by stoping is formed.
And 3) changing the underground high-stress disaster into controllable pressure energy to break the rock, realizing the conversion and utilization of the high-stress disaster, obviously improving the recovery efficiency and reducing the mining cost.
4) Controlling the ground pressure of the operation area to appear (Control)
On the basis of the steps 1), 2) and 3), supporting the stoping roadway in a mode of internal reinforcement of an anchor rod or an anchor cable for sections which influence the safety of the roadway, the chamber and the mining area due to the ground pressure, so as to further control the ground pressure to be displayed and ensure the safety of stoping.
In the step 4), the ground pressure can be controlled to show in an internal reinforcing mode of supporting the stoping roadway by using an anchor rod, an anchor cable or grouting and an external supporting mode, a combined reinforcing supporting mode, a waste rock filling mode or a tailing cemented filling mode so as to ensure the stoping safety. The external support is one or the combination of two or more of a wood buttress, a steel frame, a hydraulic support, an artificial column prosthesis and sprayed concrete, and the combined reinforcement support adopts the combined reinforcement mode of an anchor net and a net spray.
Compared with the prior art, the underground rock mass engineering ground pressure management and control method has the following advantages:
aiming at the inherent characteristics of rock masses in rock mass engineering, the system and the dynamic performance of ground pressure management are realized through a cyclic management mode of ' studying ground pressure law (Study) ' -guiding ground pressure transfer (Transter) ' -utilizing ground pressure collapse (Use) ' -controlling ground pressure display (Control) '.
and secondly, the ground pressure management STUC cycle is a comprehensive cycle, the four stages are relative and are mutually associated and fused, and the mode is more consistent with the characteristics of multiple excavation and repeated disturbance of rock mass engineering.
③ STUC cycle breaks through ③ conventional ground pressure management thought mainly based on ground pressure control, takes stress state adjustment and comprehensive ground pressure utilization as core ideas, and realizes important theoretical breakthrough of a ground pressure management mode.
and fourthly, the ground pressure management is dynamically combined with the mining area structure, the engineering geology, the mining method, the mining process and the like, so that the mining is safer, more economic and more efficient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an STUC cycle implementation of the underground rock mass engineering ground pressure management and control method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the earth pressure development law revealed during deep caving mining according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the present invention for high stress induced transfer to a panel;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the invention for high stress comprehensive utilization of a mining section;
fig. 5 is a plan view showing the controlled ground pressure by the support mode of the invention.
1-a stress riser; 1. -a new stress riser; 2-a stress reduction zone; 2. -a new stress reduction zone; 3-underground ore rock mass; 4-a tensile stress region; 5-rock mass movement angle; 6-goaf; 7-horizontal cutting lane; 8-vertically cutting the groove; 9-mining a roadway; 10-medium-length hole; 11-a cover layer; 12-anchor rod.
Detailed Description
For describing the invention, the following will explain in detail the invention of a method for managing and controlling ground pressure of underground rock engineering with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
The embodiment of the underground rock engineering ground pressure management and control method disclosed by the invention is successfully applied to mining of deep caving method in mining industry of Yuxi Dahongshan Yunan.
As shown in fig. 1, the flow chart of the STUC cycle implementation of the method for managing and controlling underground rock engineering earth pressure of the present invention shows that the method of the present invention includes an STUC cycle of four steps, that is: 1) study of ground pressure laws (Study), 2) guided ground pressure transition (Transter), 3) controlled ground pressure visualization (Control) using ground pressure breakout (Use), 4).
As shown in fig. 2, the earth pressure visualization rule diagram disclosed by the invention in deep caving mining is that the step 1) of the method of the invention is as follows:
1) studies reveal the rule of earth pressure manifestation (Study)
In the process of forming a goaf 6 by excavating the underground mine rock mass 3 in each step, a corresponding stress rising area 1, a stress reducing area 2, a tensile stress area 4 and a rock mass moving angle 5 are formed.
As can be seen from the scheme of the invention for high stress induced transfer to a mining section shown in fig. 3, the step 2) of the method of the invention is:
2) guiding mining area ground pressure transfer (Transter)
According to the ground pressure manifestation rule disclosed in the step 1), by combining the mining process, the stress in the mining area is guided to transfer in the underground mine rock mass 3 in the modes of a horizontal cutting roadway 7 and a vertical cutting groove 8, and is redistributed to form a new stress rising area 1 and a new stress reducing area 2, so that the influence of high stress on the mining area is eliminated or reduced, and meanwhile, a recovery roadway 9 is arranged in the new stress reducing area 2.
As shown in the scheme of the invention for comprehensively utilizing high stress of the mining area section shown in fig. 4, the step 3) of the method of the invention is as follows:
3) using high stress caving in mining areas (Use)
On the basis of the step 2), a new stress rising area 1 is formed on the top plate of the goaf 6, the medium-length holes 10 are arranged in the top plate, and the roof rock mass of the goaf 6 is induced to fall in an induced falling mode, so that the hidden danger of impact disasters caused by stress concentration on the top plate of the goaf 6 is eliminated, and meanwhile, the covering layer 11 required by stoping is safely and economically formed, so that multiple purposes are achieved.
As shown in the scheme diagram of the invention shown in figure 5 for controlling the ground pressure by adopting a support mode, the step 4) of the method comprises the following steps:
4) controlling the ground pressure of the operation area to appear (Control)
On the basis of the steps 1), 2) and 3), supporting the stoping roadway 9 in a mode of internal reinforcement of an anchor rod 12 or an anchor cable for the sections which still affect the safety of the roadway, the chamber and the mining area due to the ground pressure, so as to further control the development of the ground pressure such as caving and caving, and ensure the safety of stoping.
According to the invention, through a cyclic management and Control mode of ' studying ground pressure law (Study) ' -guiding ground pressure transfer (Transter) ' -utilizing ground pressure collapse (Use) ' -controlling ground pressure display (Control) ', passive Control of ground pressure is converted into active management, so that the recovery efficiency is improved, and the mining safety is guaranteed. By adopting the method, the safe and efficient mining of large parameters (the subsection height multiplied by the route interval is 20m multiplied by 20m and is the largest in China), high middle section (the height is 120m) and high strength (450 ten thousand t/a) is realized in the mining of the deep caving method in the mining industry of Yuxi Dahongshan mountain in Yunnan province.

Claims (3)

1. A method for managing and controlling underground rock mass engineering ground pressure is characterized by being realized by adopting the following technical scheme and steps:
1) research reveals the law of earth pressure manifestation
Analyzing a ground pressure manifestation rule in the process of forming a goaf (6) by excavating each step of an underground mine rock body (3) by researching geological data, testing the stress of the original rock, testing the mechanical parameters of the mine rock, reducing the mechanical parameters and constructing a mechanical model on the basis of combining underground mine mining planning, a mining method and a mining process and adopting methods of numerical simulation, similar simulation, theoretical analysis, on-site monitoring and engineering analogy to obtain a stress rising area (1), a stress reducing area (2), a tensile stress area (4) and a rock body movement angle (5) in the underground mine rock body (3);
2) guiding mining area ground pressure transfer
According to the earth pressure manifestation rule disclosed in the step 1), combining with the mining process:
firstly, when a mining area is mainly vertical stress, a vertical cutting groove (8) is arranged in an underground mining rock body (3), part or all of overlying rock stratum stress at the upper part of the mining area is transferred to the periphery through vertical cutting, and is redistributed to form a new stress rising area (1 ') and a new stress reducing area (2 '), and meanwhile, a recovery roadway (9) is arranged in the new stress reducing area (2 ');
②, when the mining area is mainly horizontal stress, arranging a horizontal cutting roadway (7) in the underground mining rock mass (3), cutting off the horizontal stress acting on the mining body in the mining area through horizontal cutting to form a horizontal stress reduction area, redistributing the horizontal stress reduction area to form a new stress rising area (1 ') and a new stress reduction area (2 '), and meanwhile arranging a recovery roadway (9) in the new stress reduction area (2 ');
3) using high stress caving in the mining area
On the basis of the step 2), a new middle-deep hole (10) is formed in a stress rising area (1') on the top plate of the goaf (6), and the roof rock mass caving of the goaf (6) is induced by adopting an induced caving mode, so that the hidden danger of impact disaster caused by stress concentration on the top plate of the goaf (6) is eliminated, and meanwhile, a covering layer (11) required by stoping is formed;
4) controlling working zone ground pressure development
On the basis of the steps 1), 2) and 3), supporting the mining roadway (9) in a mode of reinforcing the inside of an anchor rod (12) or an anchor cable for the section which still influences the safety of the roadway, the chamber and the mining area due to the ground pressure, so as to further control the ground pressure to be displayed and ensure the safety of mining.
2. A method for managing and controlling underground rock engineering ground pressure is characterized in that: the method is characterized by being realized by adopting the following technical scheme and steps:
1) research reveals the law of earth pressure manifestation
Analyzing a ground pressure manifestation rule in the process of forming a goaf (6) by excavating each step of an underground mine rock body (3) by researching geological data, testing the stress of the original rock, testing the mechanical parameters of the mine rock, reducing the mechanical parameters and constructing a mechanical model on the basis of combining underground mine mining planning, a mining method and a mining process and adopting methods of numerical simulation, similar simulation, theoretical analysis, on-site monitoring and engineering analogy to obtain a stress rising area (1), a stress reducing area (2), a tensile stress area (4) and a rock body movement angle (5) in the underground mine rock body (3);
2) guiding mining area ground pressure transfer
According to the earth pressure manifestation rule disclosed in the step 1), combining with the mining process:
firstly, when a mining area is mainly vertical stress, a vertical cutting groove (8) is arranged in an underground mining rock body (3), part or all of overlying rock stratum stress at the upper part of the mining area is transferred to the periphery through vertical cutting, and is redistributed to form a new stress rising area (1 ') and a new stress reducing area (2 '), and meanwhile, a recovery roadway (9) is arranged in the new stress reducing area (2 ');
②, when the mining area is mainly horizontal stress, arranging a horizontal cutting roadway (7) in the underground mining rock mass (3), cutting off the horizontal stress acting on the mining body in the mining area through horizontal cutting to form a horizontal stress reduction area, redistributing the horizontal stress reduction area to form a new stress rising area (1 ') and a new stress reduction area (2 '), and meanwhile arranging a recovery roadway (9) in the new stress reduction area (2 ');
3) using high stress caving in the mining area
On the basis of the step 2), a new middle-deep hole (10) is formed in a stress rising area (1') on the top plate of the goaf (6), and the roof rock mass caving of the goaf (6) is induced by adopting an induced caving mode, so that the hidden danger of impact disaster caused by stress concentration on the top plate of the goaf (6) is eliminated, and meanwhile, a covering layer (11) required by stoping is formed;
4) controlling working zone ground pressure development
On the basis of the steps 1), 2) and 3), in the section which still influences the safety of the roadway, the chamber and the mining area due to the ground pressure, an internal reinforcing mode of supporting a recovery roadway (9) by using an anchor rod (12), an anchor cable or grouting and a mode of external supporting and combined reinforcing supporting are adopted to further control the ground pressure to be displayed.
3. A method of underground rock mass engineering ground pressure management and control as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the external support is one or the combination of two or more of a wood buttress, a steel frame, a hydraulic support, an artificial column prosthesis and sprayed concrete, and the combined reinforcement support adopts the combined reinforcement mode of an anchor net and a net spray.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107227976B (en) * 2017-06-09 2019-03-05 中南大学 A kind of underground pressure management method suitable for underground mine deep mining
CN108643912B (en) * 2018-05-30 2019-05-21 东北大学 A kind of induction caving afterwards filling mining methods
CN114352329B (en) * 2022-01-10 2022-09-27 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 Roadway wall caving side bulging treatment method
CN114810071B (en) * 2022-04-14 2023-06-06 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 Structural arrangement suitable for caving treatment of large goaf of underground mine

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