CN107143124A - A kind of superpressure scaffolding steel pipe - Google Patents
A kind of superpressure scaffolding steel pipe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107143124A CN107143124A CN201710567189.6A CN201710567189A CN107143124A CN 107143124 A CN107143124 A CN 107143124A CN 201710567189 A CN201710567189 A CN 201710567189A CN 107143124 A CN107143124 A CN 107143124A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rod member
- pipe
- superpressure
- pipe rod
- steel pipe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002089 crippling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G5/00—Component parts or accessories for scaffolds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of beyond tradition slenderness ratio, the superpressure scaffolding steel pipe of bigger axle pressure can be born, including pipe rod member, grouting chamber and prestressing force external member, wherein, it is parallel in the pipe rod member to be provided with backing plate, the adjacent backing plate surrounds the grouting chamber with the pipe rod member inwall, grouting material is marked with the grouting chamber, the prestressing force external member is arranged at the port of the pipe rod member, and one end for extending in the pipe rod member of the prestressing force external member and the pad contact.Grouting chamber is set in pipe rod member, and pour into high-strength mortar, and prestressing force external member is set at least one port of pipe rod member, after grouting material intensity reaches, tighten the bolt of termination, so as to produce certain prestressing force on pipe rod member outer wall, through so treated rod member, the bearing capacity of several times can be strengthened than traditional rod member.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to building, civil engineering technical field scaffolding work field, specially a kind of superpressure scaffold steel
Pipe, can bear the superpressure rod member of bigger axle power.
Background technology
Traditional conventional scaffolding steel pipe, diameter is usually 48mm, and wall thickness is usually 3.0mm-4.0mm.Due to scaffold
Set up hardly with machinery, need to expend more artificial when mounted, therefore, the weight of single scaffolding steel pipe must be fitted
Close personal operation.Scaffolding steel pipe is lighter, then is more easy to operation.
Traditional scaffolding steel pipe (by taking 48*3.5 as an example) is limited to slenderness ratio, according to Euler's Calculation on Critical Force, Pcrb=π2EI/L2, (wherein, Pcrb:The critical bearing capacity of rod member;E:Modulus of elasticity;I:The moment of inertia;L:Rod member), for the vertical of three meters of height
Pipe, is not added with about 2.4 tons of ultimate bearing capacity during lateral support.When actual use, in order to increase the vertical bearing capacity of vertical rod, generally
A cross bar can be set every 1.2 meters.However, the usage amount of cross bar is so not only greatly increased, while also passed through for personnel in frame,
Article carrying adds many difficulties.
At present, the bearing capacity upper limit of existing scaffolding steel pipe is Euler's critical force, and to improve compression bearing generally needs
Want enlarging section to solve stable problem, cause with more than steel and scaffolding steel pipe profile is clumsy.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of beyond tradition slenderness ratio, the superpressure pin hand of bigger axial force can be born
Frame steel pipe, breaks through the scaffolding steel pipe of Eular crippling stress, while also having saving material, the characteristics of lighter and handier, principle is simple,
Easy to make, relatively conventional scaffolding steel pipe cost is greatly lowered, and sets up workload and halves so that colleague is more square in frame
Just.
To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of superpressure scaffolding steel pipe, including pipe rod member, grouting chamber and
Prestressing force external member, wherein, parallel in the pipe rod member to be provided with backing plate, the adjacent backing plate is surrounded with the pipe rod member inwall
Grouting material is marked with the grouting chamber, the grouting chamber, the prestressing force external member is arranged at the port of the pipe rod member,
And one end for extending in the pipe rod member of the prestressing force external member and the pad contact.
Further, in the superpressure scaffolding steel pipe, the prestressing force external member includes end plate and connecting bolt, its
In, the end plate is fixed on the port of the pipe rod member, and the end plate offers company along the pipe rod member axial direction
Connecting bolt hole, the connecting bolt is through the link bolt hole and the pad contact.
Further, in the superpressure scaffolding steel pipe, the prestressing force external member includes being opened in the pipe rod member
The external screw thread of the bolt of hex slot and the pipe in internal thread on port inner wall and the bolt with interior hex slot, and the band
Internal thread on rod member port inner wall matches, in the band bolt of hex slot away from the pipe rod member port one end with
The pad contact.
Further, in the superpressure scaffolding steel pipe, the backing plate is hemispherical cushion block.
Further, in the superpressure scaffolding steel pipe, the grouting material is high-strength mortar.
Further, in the superpressure scaffolding steel pipe, the pipe rod member is hollow long strip type rod member.
Further, in the superpressure scaffolding steel pipe, the inside pipe wall of the pipe rod member is provided with bushing pipe.
Further, in the superpressure scaffolding steel pipe, the bushing pipe is in waterglass bushing pipe or plastic film capicitor
It is a kind of.
Compared with prior art, main innovation point of the present invention:
1. utilizing the characteristics of high-strength mortar anti-pressure ability is good, be in the milk chamber using high-strength mortar as superpressure scaffolding steel pipe
Inserts, bear pressure.The tension ability of superpressure scaffolding steel pipe and the anti-pressure ability matching of mortar.
2. fill mortar, one layer of waterglass bushing pipe or plastic film capicitor are first served as a contrast in superpressure scaffolding steel pipe so that high
Strength mortar is infinitely pressed close to superpressure scaffolding steel pipe inwall, and can mutual sequence.
3. as standard scaffold tubes, every meter of weight is efficiently controlled, has been easy to operative.
4. superpressure scaffolding steel pipe port is provided with prestressing force external member, is pushed up using high-strength bolt is counter, give superpressure scaffolding steel pipe
Outer tube provides pretension.
5. superpressure scaffolding steel pipe cost proposed by the present invention level off to it is minimum, with good economy.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that superpressure scaffolding steel pipe prestressing force external member of the present invention uses the structural representation of scheme one;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of prestressing force external member scheme one;
Fig. 3 is that superpressure scaffolding steel pipe prestressing force external member of the present invention uses the structural representation of scheme two;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of prestressing force external member scheme one.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
As mentioned by background technology, the bearing capacity upper limit of scaffolding steel pipe of the prior art is Euler's critical force,
Not additionally on the premise of increase steel matter, it is impossible to improve scaffolding steel pipe bearing capacity, i.e., can not break through Euler's critical force.There is mirror
In this, inventor draws by research and theory deduction, and the scaffolding steel pipe in tradition injects the grouting material of high-strength mortar, obtains
The critical bearing capacity of scaffolding steel pipe can greatly be improved by obtaining a kind of scaffolding steel pipe.
Common Euler's bar compression critical force is
Wherein, Pcrb:The critical bearing capacity of rod member;E:Modulus of elasticity;I:The moment of inertia;L:Rod member;
However, the material of high-yield strength can directly improve critical bearing capacity.Compression critical force Ncr:
Wherein, Ab:The area of filler rod;fy:Material yield strength;Pcrb:The critical bearing capacity of rod member.
Therefore, inventor proposes to inject the grouting materials such as the material such as high-strength mortar of high-yield strength in scaffolding steel pipe,
Obtain a kind of superpressure scaffolding steel pipe for breaking through Euler's critical force so that identical appearance, material, the superpressure scaffold of boundary condition
Steel pipe is compared with traditional Euler's bar (the bearing capacity upper limit is the scaffolding steel pipe of Euler's critical force), and compression critical force can be significantly
Degree is improved.The critical force that this bearing mode of superpressure scaffolding steel pipe of the present invention can be carried, which brings up to 3 times or so, (can carry
Critical force increase rate it is relevant with the Material texture of grouting material etc.).
The application is on the basis of the above, it is proposed that a kind of beyond tradition slenderness ratio, can bear the super of bigger axial force
Scaffolding steel pipe is pressed, while also there is saving material, the characteristics of lighter and handier.
Specifically, as shown in Figures 1 to 4, the present invention proposes a kind of superpressure scaffolding steel pipe, including pipe rod member 1
Body, the pipe rod member 1 is hollow long strip type rod member.Parallel pipe cross section is provided with backing plate 3 in the pipe of pipe rod member 1.It is preferred that
Ground, backing plate 3 is arranged in the two ends of pipe rod member 1 and close to the pipe port of pipe rod member 1, in two adjacent backing plates 3 and pipe rod member 1
Wall surrounds a grouting chamber 2 jointly, the grouting material such as perfusion high-strength mortar in grouting chamber 2, and the high-strength mortar is architectural block
Masonry coheres material, and by a certain proportion of sand and cementing material (cement, lime paste, clay etc.), adding water synthesizes, belong to
Prior art, is preferably but not limited to self compacting high strength mortar (a kind of from close as disclosed in Chinese patent 200610027202.0
Real high-strength mortar), penetrative polymer mortar (such as trade mark:RJ-55, manufacturer:The illustrious and influential letter Technew SA in Beijing), it is high
Strong epoxy resin mortar (such as trade mark:RJ-H90, manufacturer:The illustrious and influential letter Technew SA in Beijing) etc..In order to fill high-strength
During mortar so that high-strength mortar is infinitely pressed close to the inwall of pipe rod member 1, bushing pipe (figure is previously provided with the inwall of pipe rod member 1
It is not shown), lining pipe is with from waterglass bushing pipe or plastics small corrugated pipe.
In order to improve the bearing capacity of traditional scaffolding steel pipe, held except pouring high-strength mortar raising in pipe rod member 1
Outside pressure energy power, further, prestressing force external member also is set in the port of pipe rod member 1, prestressing force external member is tightened, by circle
Tube rod part 1 and kernel 2 (fill out filling high-strength mortar and reach the grouting chamber after intensity) apply self-balancing in opposite direction equal in magnitude
Prestressing force, prestressing force super large slenderness ratio casing string is assembled into by pipe rod member 1 and kernel 2, thus improve structure rigidity and
Stability, adjusts its power performance, increases substantially the compression bearing of superpressure scaffolding steel pipe proposed by the present invention.
The structure of above-mentioned prestressing force external member can use any one in the following two kinds scheme:
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, prestressing force external member organization plan one:Prestressing force external member includes being fixed on the port of pipe rod member 1
On end plate 4, offer link bolt hole 9 along the axial direction of pipe rod member 1 on end plate 4, a connecting bolt 5 is through connection spiral shell
Keyhole 9 is in contact with the backing plate 3 in pipe rod member 1.After the high-strength mortar poured into the chamber 2 that is in the milk reaches intensity, twist
Connecting bolt 5 in tight prestressing force external member, (can fill out filling high-strength mortar and reach the grouting after intensity to pipe rod member 1 and kernel 2
Chamber) apply self-balance prestress in opposite direction equal in magnitude, pipe rod member 1 and kernel 2 are assembled into prestressing force super large
Slenderness ratio casing string, increases substantially the compression bearing of superpressure scaffolding steel pipe proposed by the present invention.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, prestressing force external member organization plan two:Prestressing force external member is included along the port inner wall of pipe rod member 1
The internal thread 6 that upper circumference is opened up, the bolt 7 with interior hex slot 8 matched with the internal thread 6 will by the interior hex slot 8
The bolt 7 is tightened, and the bolt 7 with interior hex slot is in close contact with the backing plate 3 in the pipe rod member 1, you can by with
The bolt 7 of interior hex slot applies " prestressing force " to pipe rod member 1 with the grouting chamber 2 for being inoculated with high-strength mortar is filled out, and then improves circle
Tube rod part 1 carries the ability of pressure.In this scheme, backing plate 3 is preferably hemispherical cushion block.
It is worth noting that, the two ends of at least Single port setting the prestressing force external member, i.e. pipe rod member 1 in pipe rod member 1
Mouth can be shut the other end with one end and set prestressing force external member, or the two-port of pipe rod member 1 to be respectively provided with prestressing force external member, and pipe
Prestressing force external member structure at the two-port of rod member 1 can use above-mentioned prestressing force external member organization plan one and scheme two as needed
Any one in two schemes.
To sum up, in superpressure scaffolding steel pipe provided in an embodiment of the present invention, grouting chamber is set in pipe rod member, and fill
Enter high-strength mortar, and prestressing force external member is set at least one port of pipe rod member, after grouting material intensity reaches, tighten termination
Bolt,, can be than traditional bar through so treated rod member so as to produce certain prestressing force on pipe rod member outer wall
Part strengthens the bearing capacity of several times.
Although above-mentioned have been shown and described embodiments of the invention, for the ordinary skill in the art,
Be appreciated that without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention can to these embodiments carry out it is a variety of change, modification,
Replace and modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of superpressure scaffolding steel pipe, it is characterised in that including pipe rod member, grouting chamber and prestressing force external member, wherein, institute
State it is parallel in pipe rod member be provided with multiple backing plates, the adjacent backing plate and the pipe rod member inwall surround the grouting chamber,
Grouting material is marked with the grouting chamber, the prestressing force external member is arranged at the port of the pipe rod member, and the prestressing force
One end that external member is extended in the pipe rod member and the pad contact.
2. superpressure scaffolding steel pipe according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the prestressing force external member includes end plate and company
Connecting bolt, wherein, the end plate is fixed on the port of the pipe rod member, and the end plate is along the pipe rod member axial direction
Link bolt hole is offered, the connecting bolt is through the link bolt hole and the pad contact.
3. superpressure scaffolding steel pipe according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the prestressing force external member includes being opened in institute
State the internal thread on pipe rod member port inner wall and the bolt with interior hex slot, and in the band bolt of hex slot external screw thread
Match with the internal thread on the pipe rod member port inner wall, the bolt of hex slot deviates from the pipe rod member end in the band
One end of mouth and the pad contact.
4. superpressure scaffolding steel pipe according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the backing plate is hemispherical cushion block.
5. superpressure scaffolding steel pipe according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the grouting material is high-strength mortar.
6. superpressure scaffolding steel pipe according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the pipe rod member is hollow long strip type bar
Part.
7. superpressure scaffolding steel pipe according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the inside pipe wall of the pipe rod member is provided with
Bushing pipe.
8. superpressure scaffolding steel pipe according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the bushing pipe is waterglass bushing pipe or plastics
Bellows.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710567189.6A CN107143124B (en) | 2017-07-12 | 2017-07-12 | Superpressure scaffold steel pipe |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710567189.6A CN107143124B (en) | 2017-07-12 | 2017-07-12 | Superpressure scaffold steel pipe |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN107143124A true CN107143124A (en) | 2017-09-08 |
CN107143124B CN107143124B (en) | 2024-02-06 |
Family
ID=59775989
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710567189.6A Active CN107143124B (en) | 2017-07-12 | 2017-07-12 | Superpressure scaffold steel pipe |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN107143124B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109025057A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-18 | 三峡大学 | The method for improving truss performance |
CN112663936A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-04-16 | 行盖 | Local device of strengthening of scaffold frame for construction |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0396541A (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1991-04-22 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Structure of bearing wall |
KR20070088114A (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-08-29 | 원하종합건설 주식회사 | Steel pipe roof assembly and the construction method for tunnel using thereof |
CN101581152A (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2009-11-18 | 武汉大学 | Method for reinforcing concrete column by expanding section of coated concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) |
CN201762980U (en) * | 2010-09-25 | 2011-03-16 | 葛洲坝集团第一工程有限公司 | Connecting fastener for lengthening rods |
CN201826520U (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2011-05-11 | 秦忠喜 | Ribbed plate |
CN105544959A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-05-04 | 无锡市晨源建筑器材有限公司 | Building scaffold support pedestal with high safety |
-
2017
- 2017-07-12 CN CN201710567189.6A patent/CN107143124B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0396541A (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1991-04-22 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Structure of bearing wall |
KR20070088114A (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-08-29 | 원하종합건설 주식회사 | Steel pipe roof assembly and the construction method for tunnel using thereof |
CN101581152A (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2009-11-18 | 武汉大学 | Method for reinforcing concrete column by expanding section of coated concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) |
CN201762980U (en) * | 2010-09-25 | 2011-03-16 | 葛洲坝集团第一工程有限公司 | Connecting fastener for lengthening rods |
CN201826520U (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2011-05-11 | 秦忠喜 | Ribbed plate |
CN105544959A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-05-04 | 无锡市晨源建筑器材有限公司 | Building scaffold support pedestal with high safety |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109025057A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-18 | 三峡大学 | The method for improving truss performance |
CN112663936A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-04-16 | 行盖 | Local device of strengthening of scaffold frame for construction |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN107143124B (en) | 2024-02-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN107143124A (en) | A kind of superpressure scaffolding steel pipe | |
CN207812277U (en) | A kind of splicing construction of precast pier and prefabricated cushion cap | |
CN106351464B (en) | Two dimension prestressing gusset reinforces rectangular section concrete post method without breakage online | |
CN209686597U (en) | A kind of assembling frame structure node based on screw rod tenon structure | |
CN208884849U (en) | A kind of self-locking reinforcing bar connection grout sleeve | |
CN206971705U (en) | A kind of superpressure scaffolding steel pipe | |
CN207110234U (en) | A kind of ultra-high performance concrete Prefabricated hollow beam | |
CN106968450B (en) | A kind of embedded fiber reinforcement polymer bar anchor and anchoring process | |
CN208136920U (en) | A kind of triangle prestressing force foundation pit supporting pile and its connection structure | |
CN209144853U (en) | A kind of structure of pile foundation of bridge pier | |
CN103306431A (en) | Reinforced concrete pipe lattice column | |
CN208039628U (en) | Cast-in-place bean column node precast beam reinforced bar connects half grout sleeve component | |
CN208105479U (en) | A kind of assembled architecture concrete structure | |
CN206245845U (en) | High intensity thinner tube centrifuge concrete filled steel tubular substation framework post | |
CN210917964U (en) | Building structure post reinforcing bar continuous-connection auxiliary support | |
CN209443671U (en) | A kind of grouting connection structure of prefabricated components | |
CN209025325U (en) | Bridge construction reinforced bar connection structure | |
CN210976604U (en) | Dysmorphism pier stud template reinforced structure | |
CN206956530U (en) | A kind of concrete-filled steeltubewith dumbbell sections arch rib | |
CN207131088U (en) | A kind of shear wall support component | |
CN207846656U (en) | A kind of strong ties construction of assembled vertical member and basis | |
CN206707126U (en) | A kind of steel concrete supporting adjustable type straight screw sleeve | |
CN205935709U (en) | Integral type clamping piece type ground tackle constructional device | |
CN109629709A (en) | Apply the novel filling wall and construction method of compressive pre-stress by strap bolt building block | |
CN109914693A (en) | A kind of column of the inside filled with liquid |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |