CN107141002B - 用于脱硫搅拌器的复合纤维增强耐火浇注料 - Google Patents
用于脱硫搅拌器的复合纤维增强耐火浇注料 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于脱硫搅拌器的复合纤维增强耐火浇注料,它是浇注料基料和添加剂混合而成,浇注料基料的原料按重量百分比由28~33%的天然电熔莫来石、22~28%的高纯电熔莫来石、15~20%的红柱石、5~8%的致密刚玉细粉、6~10%的α‑Al2O3微粉、4~6%的硅微粉、3~6%的氧化铝空心球和4.5~6.5%的纯铝酸钙水泥组成;添加剂由耐热钢纤维、短切碳纤维、羧甲基纤维素、有机硅消泡剂、金属硅粉、金属铝粉、聚丙烯纤维、三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠和三聚氰胺组成。本发明通过原材料的合理选择与配比的优化,使浇注料具有良好的施工性能、更高的高温适应范围、更强的抗损毁能力、优良的理化性能和使用性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及铁水罐中铁水脱硫预处理用耐火材料,具体地指一种用于脱硫搅拌器的复合纤维增强耐火浇注料。
背景技术
目前,国内外冶金企业转炉炼钢前铁水炉外搅拌脱硫所使用的脱硫搅拌器是由搅拌金属芯和耐火材料衬体构成。其中,搅拌器衬体用耐火材料均是莫来石质耐火浇注料。以武汉钢铁(集团)公司第二炼钢厂KR铁水脱硫搅拌器为例,由其制作规程可知,所使用的耐火浇注料的主要成分按重量百分比为Al2O3≥60%、SiO2占30~35%;其物理性能为:抗压强度110℃×24h≥24Mpa、1500℃×3h≥60Mpa,体积密度110℃×24h≥2.6g/cm3、1500℃×3h≥2.5g/cm3;烧后线变化:1500℃×3h为±0.5%;其使用的主要原材料为高高纯电熔莫来石。该耐火浇注料在KR脱硫搅拌器的实际应用中存在易剥落、冲蚀和开裂的问题,导致搅拌器使用寿命较短。同时,高高纯电熔莫来石原材料的采用,也大大增加了耐火浇注料的制作成本。
针对上述不足,授权公告号为CN 100351209C的中国专利《铁水脱硫搅拌器用耐火浇注料》提供了一种脱硫搅拌器用耐火浇注料,该耐火浇注料按重量百分比的组成为:天然电熔莫来石55~65%,焦宝石3~10%,蓝晶石3~7%、特级高铝7~15%、硅微粉3~6%、α-Al2O3微粉5~10%、纯铝酸钙水泥3~10%、致密刚玉细粉1.5~2.5%,并外加2~2.5%的钢纤维和少量的添加剂。该发明通过选择烧结温度较低的天然电熔莫来石与焦宝石为骨料,以改善浇注料骨料与粉料间的烧结状况,提高使用条件下搅拌器耐火材料衬体的密实度和抗熔渣渗透能力,降低浇注料成本,并在100吨铁水包上应用,使搅拌器使用寿命由350~450次提高到500~550次。宋玉海译“铁水脱硫搅拌器用浇注料的改进”,《国外耐火材料》,2006,(31)4,报道了一种改进型搅拌器用浇注料,其主要成分为Al2O3:45%、SiO2:32%、SiC:16%、CaO:2.5%,外加钢纤维6%和少量增强剂,通过A、B两厂的工业性试验,与改进前相比,搅拌器使用寿命分别由260次和160次提高到325次和223次。公开号为CN 101337821A的中国专利《KR搅拌桨用低密度耐火浇注料》提供了一种体积密度为2.3~2.7g/cm3的搅拌桨用低密度耐火浇注料,它由60~80%的骨料和20~40%的粉料构成,并外加0.03~0.35%的添加剂、0.02~0.5%的防爆剂与0~7%的钢纤维,并分别在120吨、150吨和180吨铁水包上应用,使KR搅拌桨的使用寿命由160次、220次和180次分别提高到320次、380次和350次。授权公告号为CN101857446B的中国专利公开了一种脱硫搅拌器用耐火浇注料,明公开了一种脱硫搅拌器用耐火浇注,由浇注料基料和适量的添加剂混合而成。通过以烧结锆莫来石、天然电熔莫来石与焦宝石为主要原料,改善浇注料骨料与粉料间的烧结状况,提高了使用条件下搅拌器耐火材料衬体的密实度和抗熔渣渗透能力;利用板条状烧结锆莫来石大骨料的结构特点,扩大了骨料与粉料之间的结合面积,提高了骨料堆积骨架的稳定性与浇注料的结合强度,通过钢纤维增强提高浇注料热震稳定性能与抗龟裂破损性能,并在实际生产中取得了搅拌器平均寿命提高100炉以上的优良效果。由此可见,上述方案均采用钢纤维增强措施,但实际生产应用中,由于钢纤维的高温氧化与熔蚀,制约了钢纤维材料的增强增韧效能,导致搅拌器服役后期耐火浇注料工作衬热震裂纹剥落与冲刷磨损严重,限制了搅拌器使用寿命的提升。授权公告号CN104311071B公开了一种铁水脱硫搅拌器用耐火浇注料,其包括以下重量份数的组分:硅石30~35份、碳化硅为20~25份、镁砂细粉30~40份、氧化铝微粉40~45份、铁铝尖晶石20~25份,其中,硅石、铁铝尖晶石、碳化硅为骨料,镁砂细粉、氧化铝微粉为粉料,通过镁砂细粉与氧化铝微粉反应生成镁铝尖晶石,以与硅石、铁铝尖晶石、碳化硅相结合,提高了耐火浇注料的热震稳定性。虽然方案中未添加钢纤维进行增强增韧,避免了钢纤维氧化熔蚀带来的不足,但因铁铝尖晶石耐火度低以及镁铝尖晶石热震稳定性弱于莫来石,势必影响其高温性能与热震稳定性,目前未见到实际生产应用的报道。再者,为了抵消金属搅拌芯热膨胀产生的应力,上述专利中均加入了高温膨胀剧烈的硅石或蓝晶石,虽然达到了防止浇注料烧结收缩与膨胀裂纹增韧提高热震稳定性的效果,但不利于浇注料力学性能的提高与抗冲刷磨损性能的改善。此外,随着钢铁产品质量要求的不断提高,铁水KR搅拌深度脱硫比例不断提高,导致脱硫搅拌时间不断延长、搅拌强度不断提高,促进了搅拌器的损毁;随着冶炼设备大型化与铁水输送过程的优化的发展,脱硫预处理铁水温度不断提高,最高的铁水脱硫温度已超过1500℃,搅拌器服役过程中热震温差急剧增大,加剧了搅拌器热震裂纹损毁进程;此外,目前国内外KR脱硫搅拌器浇注料普遍采用钢纤维进行增强增韧,但钢纤维易高温氧化与熔蚀,在工作温度达到1100℃后,高温氧化速度随着温度的升高而显著提高,当工作温度达到1350℃后,钢纤维因氧化与熔蚀严重而失去增强增韧作用,同时,钢纤维的氧化膨胀,削弱了钢纤维与浇注料基体的界面结合,促进了浇注料裂纹的形成与发展,加剧了浇注料的裂纹破损,制约了搅拌器对高温铁水的适应能力。由于上述原因,导致搅拌器使用寿命不断下降。
综合上述可见,对于高温铁水KR脱硫搅拌器耐火浇注料,如何进一步改善耐火浇注料热震稳定性能、强化浇注料抗破损能力、提高浇注料使用温度范围,还需进一步开展研究,以适应现代钢铁冶金技术的发展需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,提供了一种性能优良、成本低廉、原材料来源广的用于脱硫搅拌器用的复合纤维增强耐火浇注料;在不改变搅拌器结构与使用条件下,与现有技术相比,可使KR脱硫搅拌器的平均使用寿命提高15%以上。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供的一种用于脱硫搅拌器的复合纤维增强耐火浇注料,它是浇注料基料和添加剂混合而成,其中,所述浇注料基料的原料按重量百分比由28~33%的天然电熔莫来石、22~28%的高纯电熔莫来石、15~20%的红柱石、5~8%的致密刚玉细粉、6~10%的α-Al2O3微粉、4~6%的硅微粉、3~6%的氧化铝空心球和4.5~6.5%的纯铝酸钙水泥组成;所述添加剂由耐热钢纤维、短切碳纤维、羧甲基纤维素、有机硅消泡剂、金属硅粉、金属铝粉、聚丙烯纤维、三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠和三聚氰胺组成,所述浇注料基料与添加剂各组分的重量比依次为100份的浇注料基料∶0.5~1%的耐热钢纤维∶0.3~1%的短切碳纤维∶0.03~0.05%的羧甲基纤维素∶0.01~0.03%的有机硅消泡剂∶1~3%的金属硅粉∶0~0.5%的金属铝粉∶0~0.15%的聚丙烯纤维∶0~0.3%的三聚磷酸钠∶0~0.3%的六偏磷酸钠∶0~0.5%的三聚氰胺。
进一步地,所述天然电熔莫来石按粒度大小分为10mm<粒度≤20mm和5mm≤粒度≤10mm两种级配,其重量比为1:0.9~1.1。
再进一步地,所述高纯电熔莫来石按粒度大小分为3mm<粒度≤5mm、1mm<粒度≤3mm、0.1mm<粒度≤1mm和粒度为325目四个级配;四个级配的高纯电熔莫来石占浇注料基料总重量的百分数分别为:10~15%、2~5%、2~4%和3~8%。
再进一步地,所述红柱石按粒度大小分为10mm<粒度≤20mm和5mm≤粒度≤10mm两种级配,其重量比为1:0.6~0.9。
再进一步地,所述的致密刚玉细粉的粒度为325目。
再进一步地,所述的氧化铝空心球直径≤1mm。
再进一步地,所述的金属硅粉的粒度为180目。
再进一步地,所述的短切碳纤维中,碳含量≥95%,其直径为5~9μm;其中,所述短切碳纤维按长度大小分为1~3mm和0.3~1mm两种规格;其重量比为1:1~4。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1)本发明原料中碳纤维是一种含碳量在95%以上的高强度、高模量的新型纤维材料,其密度比金属铝低,但强度却高于钢铁,并且具有耐腐蚀、高模量、无蠕变、非氧化环境下耐超高温和耐疲劳的特性。本发明通过复合添加长度为1~3mm和0.3~1mm两种规格短切碳纤维与耐热不锈钢纤维,利用纤维复合增强增韧机制,发挥碳纤维与耐热不锈钢纤维耦合增强增韧效应,实现浇注料服役温度范围内的全程增强增韧;通过降低钢纤维加入量,遏制钢纤维高温氧化与烧蚀带来的不足,并利用碳纤维高强度和高弹性模量、高耐温、高耐腐等特点以及通过添加剂中金属硅粉的加入,延缓碳纤维与耐热钢纤维的高温氧化烧蚀,提高浇注料抗高温、抗侵蚀性能;通过短切碳纤维直径与长度的限制,防止短切碳纤维搅拌分散过程中的缠绕接团,保持微米级短切碳纤维的大长径比,提高浇注料中短切碳纤维的拉拔效应,增进碳纤维增强增韧效果;通过羧甲基纤维素的选用,改善短切碳纤维的浸润性与分散性,克服碳纤维水浸润困难的不足,强化碳纤维与浇注料基体间的结合紧密性及其增强增韧效应。通过消泡剂的选用,避免了浇注料加水搅拌过程中因羧甲基纤维素增稠引起的气泡形成,降低浇注料加水量,改善浇注料流动性,提高浇注密实度与力学强度。最终提高搅拌器的抗破损能力以及对高温铁水脱硫工况条件的适应能力。
2)本发明通过天然电熔莫来石与高纯电熔莫来石的复合应用,利用两种低热膨胀莫来石的性能差异与复合效应,提高浇注料热震稳定性,扩展浇注料烧结温度范围,以适应不同铁水温度条件下搅拌器的使用性能要求。
3)本发明通过红柱石的高温缓慢膨胀形成的微裂纹增韧,进一步提高浇注料的热震稳定性,调节浇注料高温烧后线变化率,避免了常规膨胀材料高温剧烈膨胀带来的不足,改善了浇注料的高温力学性能,提高了浇注料的抗冲刷磨损能力。通过浇注料添加剂中聚丙烯纤维的使用,提高浇注料烘烤过程的防爆裂性能与搅拌器耐火材料枪衬的整体性。
4)本发明通过氧化铝空心球的加入,提高浇注料的流动性、浇注料基质密实度和结合强度,改善浇注料力学性能与抗磨损性能,同时,通过空心球的气相增韧和球壁异相增韧,进一步改善浇注料的热震稳定性,提高搅拌器高温使用工况条件下的抗损毁能力。
5)本发明通过原材料的合理选择与配比的优化,使浇注料具有良好的施工性能、更高的高温适应范围、更强的抗损毁能力、优良的理化性能和使用性能,因而,采用本发明生产的KR脱硫搅拌器性能优良、成本低廉,在不调整搅拌器结构和其它生产与应用条件的情况下,平均使用寿命可提高15%以上。
具体实施方式
为了更好地解释本发明,以下结合具体实施例进一步阐明本发明的主要内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于以下实施例。
原料的购买
短切碳纤维由沧州中丽新材料科技有限公司生产,其碳含量≥95%,其直径为5~9μm。
其它原料均购于市面,
高纯电熔莫来石:Al2O3:72~79%,SiO2:19~27%,莫来石≥95%,玻璃相≤5%,5~2mm颗粒密度≥3.0g/cm3,气孔率≤4%。
天然电熔莫来石:Al2O3:66~79%,SiO2:20~28%,莫来石≥75%,玻璃相≤10%,5~2mm颗粒密度≥2.9g/cm3,气孔率≤6%。
致密刚玉细粉的粒度为325目;氧化铝空心球直径≤1mm;金属硅粉的粒度为180目。
实施例1:
制作103.09kg的耐火浇注料,它是由100kg浇注料基料和3.09kg添加剂混合而成;
其中,浇注料基料的原料由33kg的天然电熔莫来石、25kg的高纯电熔莫来石、15kg的红柱石、5kg的致密刚玉细粉、8kg的α-Al2O3微粉、4kg的硅微粉、4kg的氧化铝空心球和6kg的纯铝酸钙水泥组成;
添加剂为1kg的耐热钢纤维、0.3kg的短切碳纤维、0.03kg的羧甲基纤维素、0.01kg的有机硅消泡剂、1kg的金属硅粉、0.15kg的金属铝粉、0.15kg的聚丙烯纤维、0.1kg的六偏磷酸钠和0.5kg的三聚氰胺。
天然电熔莫来石按粒度大小分为10mm<粒度≤20mm和5mm≤粒度≤10mm两种级配,其重量分别为16kg和17kg。
高纯电熔莫来石按粒度大小分为3mm<粒度≤5mm、1mm<粒度≤3mm、0.1mm<粒度≤1mm和粒度为325目四个级配;其重量分别为:12kg、4kg、2kg和7kg。
红柱石按粒度大小分为10mm<粒度≤20mm和5mm≤粒度≤10mm两种级配,其重量分别为8kg和7kg。
短切碳纤维按长度大小分为1~3mm和0.3~1mm两种规格;其重量分别为0.1kg和0.2kg。
实施例2:
制作105.258kg的耐火浇注料,它是由100kg浇注料基料和5.258kg添加剂混合而成;
其中,浇注料基料的原料由28kg的天然电熔莫来石、23kg的高纯电熔莫来石、20kg的红柱石、6.5kg的致密刚玉细粉、9kg的α-Al2O3微粉、6kg的硅微粉、3kg的氧化铝空心球和4.5kg的纯铝酸钙水泥组成;
添加剂为0.5kg的耐热钢纤维、0.9kg的短切碳纤维、0.05kg的羧甲基纤维素、0.03kg的有机硅消泡剂、3kg的金属硅粉、0.35kg的金属铝粉、0.15kg的三聚磷酸钠、0.15kg的六偏磷酸钠和0.2kg的三聚氰胺。
天然电熔莫来石按粒度大小分为10mm<粒度≤20mm和5mm≤粒度≤10mm两种级配,其重量分别为14kg和14kg。
高纯电熔莫来石按粒度高纯电熔莫来石按粒度大小分为3mm<粒度≤5mm、1mm<粒度≤3mm、0.1mm<粒度≤1mm和粒度为325目四个级配;其重量分别为:14kg、13kg、4kg和2kg。
红柱石按粒度大小分为10mm<粒度≤20mm和5mm≤粒度≤10mm两种级配,其重量分别为12kg和8kg。
短切碳纤维按长度大小分为1~3mm和0.3~1mm两种规格;其重量分别为0.2kg和0.7kg。
实施例3
制作103.81kg的耐火浇注料,它是由100kg浇注料基料和3.81kg添加剂混合而成;浇注料基料的各组分及重量与实施例1相同,不同之处在于:
添加剂为0.5kg的耐热钢纤维、0.7kg的短切碳纤维、0.04kg的羧甲基纤维素、0.02kg的有机硅消泡剂、2kg的金属硅粉、0.04kg的聚丙烯纤维、0.3kg的三聚磷酸钠和0.15kg的六偏磷酸钠。
短切碳纤维按长度大小分为1~3mm和0.3~1mm两种规格;其重量分别为0.15kg和0.55kg。
实施例4
制作103.445kg的耐火浇注料,它是由100kg浇注料基料和3.445kg添加剂混合而成;浇注料基料的各组分及重量与实施例2相同,不同之处在于:
添加剂为0.7kg的耐热钢纤维、0.5kg的短切碳纤维、0.03kg的羧甲基纤维素、0.015kg的有机硅消泡剂、1.5kg的金属硅粉、0.15kg的聚丙烯纤维、0.2kg的三聚磷酸钠和0.35kg的三聚氰胺。
短切碳纤维按长度大小分为1~3mm和0.3~1mm两种规格;其重量分别为0.2kg和0.3kg。
将上述实施例中的耐火浇注料分别在100吨和200吨铁水罐脱硫搅拌器上进行了工业性试验,搅拌器的使用寿命分别由原来的250次和450次提高到了455次和645次。
其它未详细说明的部分均为现有技术。尽管上述实施例对本发明做出了详尽的描述,但它仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例,人们还可以根据本实施例在不经创造性前提下获得其他实施例,这些实施例都属于本发明保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种用于脱硫搅拌器的复合纤维增强耐火浇注料,其特征在于:它是浇注料基料和添加剂混合而成,其中,所述浇注料基料的原料按重量百分比由28~33%的天然电熔莫来石、22~28%的高纯电熔莫来石、15~20%的红柱石、5~8%的粒度为325目的致密刚玉细粉、6~10%的α-Al2O3微粉、4~6%的硅微粉、3~6%的直径≤1mm的氧化铝空心球和4.5~6.5%的纯铝酸钙水泥组成;所述添加剂由耐热钢纤维、短切碳纤维、羧甲基纤维素、有机硅消泡剂、粒度为180目的金属硅粉、金属铝粉、聚丙烯纤维、三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠和三聚氰胺组成,所述浇注料基料与添加剂各组分的重量比依次为100份的浇注料基料∶0.5~1%的耐热钢纤维∶0.3~1%的短切碳纤维∶0.03~0.05%的羧甲基纤维素∶0.01~0.03%的有机硅消泡剂∶1~3%的粒度为180目的金属硅粉∶0~0.5%的金属铝粉∶0~0.15%的聚丙烯纤维∶0~0.3%的三聚磷酸钠∶0~0.3%的六偏磷酸钠∶0~0.5%的三聚氰胺;其中,所述天然电熔莫来石按粒度大小分为10mm<粒度≤20mm和5mm≤粒度≤10mm两种级配,其重量比为1:0.9~1.1;所述高纯电熔莫来石按粒度大小分为3mm<粒度≤5mm、1mm<粒度≤3mm、0.1mm<粒度≤1mm和粒度为325目四个级配;四个级配的高纯电熔莫来石占浇注料基料总重量的百分数分别为:10~15%、2~5%、2~4%和3~8%;所述红柱石按粒度大小分为10mm<粒度≤20mm和5mm≤粒度≤10mm两种级配,其重量比为1:0.6~0.9;
所述短切碳纤维中,碳含量≥95%,其直径为5~9μm;其中,所述短切碳纤维按长度大小分为1~3mm和0.3~1mm两种规格;其重量比为1:1~4。
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