CN107140239B - A kind of spiral thermal change rigidity active control mechanism of SMA driving - Google Patents
A kind of spiral thermal change rigidity active control mechanism of SMA driving Download PDFInfo
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- CN107140239B CN107140239B CN201710358692.0A CN201710358692A CN107140239B CN 107140239 B CN107140239 B CN 107140239B CN 201710358692 A CN201710358692 A CN 201710358692A CN 107140239 B CN107140239 B CN 107140239B
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012946 outsourcing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/52—Protection, safety or emergency devices; Survival aids
- B64G1/58—Thermal protection, e.g. heat shields
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D45/00—Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Critical Care (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of spiral thermal change rigidity active control mechanism of SMA driving, it is related to field of aerospace technology.The present invention is that the control force that the thermal change rigidity active control mechanism of the outer shell of the existing aircraft of solution generates during the work time is smaller, and the stiffness variation control effect of material biggish for stiffness by itself is fainter, is limited larger problem in practical applications.The present invention includes multiple a quarter spiral expansion rings, multiple SMA driving round tube and multiple pre-tightening mechanisms, multiple a quarter spiral expansion rings are arranged in the shape of a spiral on the inner sidewall of cylindrical thin shell, the beginning of first a quarter spiral expansion ring and the end of end a quarter spiral expansion ring are affixed by pre-tightening mechanism and cylindrical thin shell, two neighboring a quarter spiral expansion ring drives round tube or pre-tightening mechanism to connect by SMA, and multiple SMA driving round tubes and multiple pre-tightening mechanisms are arranged alternately.Thermal change stiffness reliability of the present invention for the outer shell of aircraft.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of aerospace technology, and in particular to a kind of spiral thermal change rigidity actively control of SMA driving
Mechanism processed.
Background technique
Aircraft can generate amount of heat in flight course, to influence the steam rigidity of aircraft, traditional control
Method is mostly the influence for reducing thermal gradient in flight course in the laminated heat-barrier material of aircraft outer surface and heat proof material, or
By the surfaces externally and internally of aircraft outsourcing shell arrange reinforcing rib and ribs in the way of reinforce aircraft externally-packed structure
Overall stiffness.Such control mode is all passively to control, can not be adjusted according to the variation of aircraft exterior working environment from
And Flight Vehicle Structure rigidity is made to reach best.As that studies intellectual material deepens continuously, begin to use piezoelectric material conduct
Sensor and actuator is laminated on the surfaces externally and internally of the outer thin walled shell of aircraft, to achieve the effect that active control.But
Common intelligent control method such as uses piezoelectric material to be controlled, though having faster response speed, produces in the course of work
Raw control force is smaller, and the stiffness variation control effect of material biggish for stiffness by itself is fainter, therefore in practical application
In be limited it is larger.
Marmem (Shape Memory Alloy, SMA) is a kind of novel intelligent with shape memory effect
Material, the generation of shape memory effect are that crystal phase changes with external environment as a result, the variation of crystal phase is mainly inside alloy
The conversion process of martensite and both austenite, martensite accounting rise with temperature and are reduced, and decline with temperature and increase, Ovshinsky
Body accounting is then opposite.The variation of two-phase crystal is so that deformation of the alloy in low temperature is returned to initially after being heated to phase transition temperature
Form, when carrying out restrict to such Recovery Process, alloy can externally generate great power.This restoring force can be used to pass through
The conduction for crossing mechanism carries out active control to the thermal change rigidity of aircraft.
Summary of the invention
The present invention generates during the work time in order to solve the thermal change rigidity active control mechanism of shell outside existing aircraft
Control force it is smaller, the stiffness variation control effect of material biggish for stiffness by itself is fainter, is limited in practical applications
Larger problem, and then propose a kind of spiral thermal change rigidity active control mechanism of SMA driving.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problem is:
A kind of spiral thermal change rigidity active control mechanism of SMA driving includes multiple a quarter spiral expansion rings, more
A SMA driving round tube and multiple pre-tightening mechanisms, multiple a quarter spiral expansion rings are arranged in cylindrical thin shell in the shape of a spiral
On side wall, the beginning of first a quarter spiral expansion ring and the end of end a quarter spiral expansion ring pass through pre-tightening mechanism
Affixed with cylindrical thin shell, two neighboring a quarter spiral expansion ring drives round tube or pre-tightening mechanism to connect by SMA, multiple
SMA driving round tube and multiple pre-tightening mechanisms are arranged alternately.
The beneficial effects of the present invention over the prior art is:
1, the present invention is used for high-speed aircraft during the work time due to the structure entirety flutter of pneumatic fuel factor generation
Active control is carried out with stiffness variation.
2, Modern high-speed aircraft such as rocket etc. mostly uses cylindrical thin shell as its externally-packed structure, therefore is directed to cylindrical thin shell
The design of rigidity active control actuator is carried out.
3, since entire actuator is screw type, so that compression is also along cylindrical thin shell inner wall, helically type is distributed, therefore
Distribution arrangement can be decomposed into, axial rigidity and week with realization to cylindrical thin shell axial with circumferential both direction along cylindrical thin shell
Active control is carried out simultaneously to rigidity.
4, the present invention drives the heating voltage of round tube to control the martensite accounting that SMA drives round tube by control SMA,
To controlling the size that is used as power caused by actuator, the size of operation force meets the work requirements of aircraft, reaches pair
The active control of cylindrical thin shell rigidity.
5, the stiffness variation control effect of present invention material biggish for stiffness by itself is significant, so that different materials fly
The stiffness variation of row device outer housing controls within 5%, and rigidity requirement has been effectively ensured.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention applies the overall structure diagram in cylindrical thin shell 8；
Fig. 2 is overall structure diagram of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the integrally-built top view of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is length vs' figure that SMA drives the compression of round tube 6 front and back in the present invention, and wherein bold portion indicates SMA driving
The original state of round tube 6, initial length H；Dotted portion indicates the compressive state of SMA driving round tube 6, length after compression
For h；
Fig. 5 is the Force principle figure of a quarter spiral expansion ring 5 in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment 1: illustrate present embodiment in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 5, a kind of SMA driving described in present embodiment
Spiral thermal change rigidity active control mechanism includes multiple a quarter spiral expansion rings 5, multiple SMA driving round tube 6 and multiple
Pre-tightening mechanism 7, multiple a quarter spiral expansion rings 5 are arranged in the shape of a spiral on the inner sidewall of cylindrical thin shell 8, first four/
The beginning of one spiral expansion ring 5 and the end of end a quarter spiral expansion ring 5 are solid by pre-tightening mechanism 7 and cylindrical thin shell 8
It connects, two neighboring a quarter spiral expansion ring 5 drives round tube 6 or pre-tightening mechanism 7 to connect by SMA, and multiple SMA drive round tube
6 and multiple pre-tightening mechanisms 7 be arranged alternately.
Present embodiment is related to the thermal change stiffness reliability mechanism that outer surface is cylinder thin-walled material aircraft, and wherein SMA drives
Dynamic round tube 6 is actuator driving part, and a quarter spiral expansion ring 5 is actuator execution unit.
Rigidity active control actuator core operating principle are as follows: compress SMA under cryogenic conditions and drive round tube 6, while to it
Reply when heating is limited, and the very big driving force generated is replied in limitation and is transmitted to circle through a quarter spiral expansion ring 5
On the inner wall of column shell 8, heating voltage is adjusted, so that the axial direction and circumferential rigidity to cylindrical thin shell 8 carry out active control simultaneously.
It is compressed into suitable length along its axial direction under room temperature martensitic since SMA driving round tube 6 has, after heating
The characteristics of initial length can be returned to.Active control mechanism is mounted on the inner sidewall of cylindrical thin shell 8, tightens each pre-tightening mechanism
7, active control mechanism is effectively fixed, and after the suitable voltage for regulating SMA driving round tube 6, SMA drives 6 temperature of round tube to increase,
Inside generates crystal-phase transformation to be returned to initial length, since reply is swollen by a quarter spiral being connected with its both ends
The limitation of tensioner ring 5 generates along its axial direction great directed force F 5 end of a quarter spiral expansion ring, makes a quarter
Spiral expansion ring 5 generates the displacement radial along cylindrical thin shell 8, due to the constraint of cylindrical thin shell 8, so that a quarter spiral expansion
Ring 5 generates compression q to 8 inner sidewall of cylindrical thin shell to fit therewith.
Since the global shape of entire actuator, that is, active control mechanism is spiral shape, so that compression q is also thin along cylinder
Helically type is distributed 8 inner wall of shell, therefore can be decomposed into distribution arrangement along 8 axial direction of cylindrical thin shell and circumferential both direction.Control
The heating voltage of SMA driving round tube 6 is to control the martensite accounting that SMA drives round tube 6, to control caused by actuator
Be used as power size, reaches the active control to 8 rigidity of cylindrical thin shell, and control effect is reflected as the variation of each rank modal frequency, leads to
It is often enhancing.
SMA drives round tube 6 and pre-tightening mechanism 7 to be arranged alternately in present embodiment, each a quarter spiral expansion ring 5 one
End is fixed by pre-tightening mechanism 7, and the other end drives round tube 6 to connect with SMA so that each a quarter spiral expansion ring 5 by
SMA driving round tube 6 apply active force it is identical.
Specific embodiment 2: illustrating present embodiment in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, SMA described in present embodiment drives round tube 6
Outer surface be equipped with poly- milling imines heating film.Other compositions and connection type are same as the specific embodiment one.
In the poly- milling imines heating film of outer surface package of SMA driving round tube 6 in present embodiment, make it during the work time
It being capable of thermally equivalent.The heating film of 6 outer surface of round tube package is driven to provide suitable voltage for SMA when work.
Specific embodiment 3: illustrating present embodiment in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, SMA described in present embodiment drives round tube 6
Two end faces it is affixed with the end face of a quarter spiral expansion ring 5 respectively.Other compositions and connection type and specific embodiment party
Formula one or two is identical.
It is designed so that SMA driving round tube 6 when heated, restoring force directly acts on a quarter spiral by end
On the end face of expansion loop 5.
Specific embodiment 4: illustrate present embodiment in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, a quarter spiral described in present embodiment
The end face that expansion loop 5 is matched with SMA driving 6 end face of round tube is equipped with groove 5-1, and the end face of SMA driving round tube 6 is inserted into recessed
In slot 5-1.Other compositions and connection type are the same as the specific implementation mode 3.
Be designed in this way with guarantee a quarter spiral expansion ring 5 and SMA driving round tube 6 between it is abundant effectively contact, make
The active force of SMA driving round tube 6 is directly completely on the end face of a quarter spiral expansion ring 5.
Specific embodiment 5: embodiment is described with reference to Fig. 1, the inner sidewall of cylindrical thin shell 8 described in present embodiment
It is equipped with helicla flute, multiple a quarter spiral expansion rings 5 are arranged in helicla flute.Other compositions and connection type and specific reality
It is identical to apply mode four.
Being designed in this way is arranged a quarter spiral expansion ring 5 in helicla flute, prevents a quarter spiral expansion ring 5 from sending out
Raw axial float.
Specific embodiment 6: illustrate present embodiment in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, a quarter spiral described in present embodiment
The radian of the inner sidewall of expansion loop 5 is greater than the radian of lateral wall.Other compositions and connection type and specific embodiment four or five
It is identical.
It is designed so that the thickness at 5 both ends of a quarter spiral expansion ring is greater than the thickness at middle part, enhances a quarter
The integral strength of spiral expansion ring 5.
Specific embodiment 7: illustrating present embodiment in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, pre-tightening mechanism 7 described in present embodiment includes
The end of a quarter spiral expansion ring 5, wedge block 2 is arranged in outer wall gasket 1, wedge block 2, nut 3 and stud 4, wedge block 2
Side end face and the end face of a quarter spiral expansion ring 5 cooperate, the inner sidewall of the small end face and cylindrical thin shell 8 of wedge block 2 matches
It closing, the outside of cylindrical thin shell 8 is arranged in outer wall gasket 1, and stud 4 sequentially passes through wedge block 2, cylindrical thin shell 8 and outer wall gasket 1,
The end of stud 4 is installed with nut 3.Other compositions and connection type are identical as specific embodiment six.
It is designed in this way the nut 3 tightened in each pre-tightening mechanism 7 when in use, bolt 4 is driven to be displaced outwardly along cylindrical radial,
To make wedge block 2 move together with bolt 4.Two a quarter spirals being bonded with 2 both sides of the face of wedge block, that is, inclined-plane are swollen
5 end face of tensioner ring, due to wedge block 2 movement and generate the displacement that direction is away from each other along 8 inner wall of cylindrical thin shell, it is corresponding other two
End face then generates opposite displacement, so that the SMA between clamping both ends of the surface drives round tube 6.
Specific embodiment 8: illustrate present embodiment in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, a quarter spiral described in present embodiment
The end face that expansion loop 5 is matched with 2 side end face of wedge block is inclined-plane, the gradient on inclined-plane and the side end face matched with wedge block 2
Gradient it is identical.Other compositions and connection type are identical as specific embodiment seven.
The side end face of the end face and wedge block 2 that are designed so that a quarter spiral expansion ring 5 may be implemented to paste completely
It closes, guarantees the motion profile of a quarter spiral expansion ring 5.
Specific embodiment 9: illustrate present embodiment in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, the arc of outer wall gasket 1 described in present embodiment
It spends identical as the radian of cylindrical thin shell 8.Other compositions and connection type are identical as specific embodiment seven or eight.
Being designed in this way comes into full contact with outer wall gasket 1 with cylindrical thin shell 8, to guarantee that wedge block 2 and a quarter spiral are swollen
It is fitted close between tensioner ring 5 by stud 4 and nut 3, it is close by stud 4 and nut 3 between wedge block 2 and cylindrical thin shell 8
It is affixed.
Working principle
Reply when compressing SMA under cryogenic conditions and drive round tube 6, while heating to it limits, and limitation is replied and is produced
Raw very big driving force is transmitted on the inner wall of cylindrical thin shell 8 through a quarter spiral expansion ring 5, adjusts heating voltage, thus
Axial direction and circumferential rigidity to cylindrical thin shell 8 carry out active control simultaneously.
It is compressed into suitable length along its axial direction under room temperature martensitic since SMA driving round tube 6 has, after heating
The characteristics of initial length can be returned to.Active control mechanism is mounted on the inner sidewall of cylindrical thin shell 8, tightens each pre-tightening mechanism
7, active control mechanism is effectively fixed, and after the suitable voltage for regulating SMA driving round tube 6, SMA drives 6 temperature of round tube to increase,
Inside generates crystal-phase transformation to be returned to initial length, since reply is swollen by a quarter spiral being connected with its both ends
The limitation of tensioner ring 5 generates along its axial direction great directed force F 5 end of a quarter spiral expansion ring, makes a quarter
Spiral expansion ring 5 generates the displacement radial along cylindrical thin shell 8, due to the constraint of cylindrical thin shell 8, so that a quarter spiral expansion
Ring 5 generates compression q to 8 inner sidewall of cylindrical thin shell to fit therewith.
Since the global shape of entire actuator, that is, active control mechanism is spiral shape, so that compression q is also thin along cylinder
Helically type is distributed 8 inner wall of shell, therefore can be decomposed into distribution arrangement along 8 axial direction of cylindrical thin shell and circumferential both direction.Control
The heating voltage of SMA driving round tube 6 is to control the martensite accounting that SMA drives round tube 6, to control caused by actuator
Be used as power size, reaches the active control to 8 rigidity of cylindrical thin shell, and control effect is reflected as the variation of each rank modal frequency, leads to
It is often enhancing.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of spiral thermal change rigidity active control mechanism of SMA driving, it is characterised in that: a kind of spiral shell of SMA driving
Rotating thermal change rigidity active control mechanism include multiple a quarter spiral expansion rings (5), multiple SMA driving it is round tube (6) and more
A pre-tightening mechanism (7), multiple a quarter spiral expansion rings (5) are arranged in the shape of a spiral on the inner sidewall of cylindrical thin shell (8), first
The beginning of a a quarter spiral expansion ring (5) and the end of end a quarter spiral expansion ring (5) pass through pre-tightening mechanism (7)
Affixed with cylindrical thin shell (8), two neighboring a quarter spiral expansion ring (5) passes through SMA driving round tube (6) or pre-tightening mechanism
(7) it connects, multiple SMA drivings round tube (6) and multiple pre-tightening mechanisms (7) are arranged alternately.
2. a kind of spiral thermal change rigidity active control mechanism of SMA driving according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
The outer surface for stating SMA driving round tube (6) is equipped with poly- milling imines heating film.
3. a kind of spiral thermal change rigidity active control mechanism of SMA driving according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that:
Two end faces of SMA driving round tube (6) are affixed with the end face of a quarter spiral expansion ring (5) respectively.
4. a kind of spiral thermal change rigidity active control mechanism of SMA driving according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: institute
It states the end face that a quarter spiral expansion ring (5) is matched with SMA driving round tube (6) end face and is equipped with groove (5-1), SMA drives
The end face of dynamic round tube (6) is inserted into groove (5-1).
5. a kind of spiral thermal change rigidity active control mechanism of SMA driving according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: institute
The inner sidewall for stating cylindrical thin shell (8) is equipped with helicla flute, and multiple a quarter spiral expansion rings (5) are arranged in helicla flute.
6. a kind of spiral thermal change rigidity active control mechanism of SMA driving according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that:
The radian of the inner sidewall of a quarter spiral expansion ring (5) is greater than the radian of lateral wall.
7. a kind of spiral thermal change rigidity active control mechanism of SMA driving according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating pre-tightening mechanism (7) includes outer wall gasket (1), wedge block (2), nut (3) and stud (4), wedge block (2) setting four/
The end of one spiral expansion ring (5), the side end face of wedge block (2) and the end face of a quarter spiral expansion ring (5) cooperate, wedge shape
The small end face of block (2) and the inner sidewall of cylindrical thin shell (8) cooperate, and outer wall gasket (1) is arranged in the outside of cylindrical thin shell (8), spiral shell
Column (4) sequentially passes through wedge block (2), cylindrical thin shell (8) and outer wall gasket (1), and the end of stud (4) is installed with nut (3).
8. a kind of spiral thermal change rigidity active control mechanism of SMA driving according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating end face that a quarter spiral expansion ring (5) is matched with wedge block (2) side end face is inclined-plane, the gradient on inclined-plane and with wedge shape
The gradient for the side end face that block (2) matches is identical.
9. according to a kind of spiral thermal change rigidity active control mechanism of SMA driving of claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that:
The radian of the outer wall gasket (1) is identical as the radian of cylindrical thin shell (8).
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| CN201710358692.0A CN107140239B (en) | 2017-05-19 | 2017-05-19 | A kind of spiral thermal change rigidity active control mechanism of SMA driving |
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| CN201710358692.0A CN107140239B (en) | 2017-05-19 | 2017-05-19 | A kind of spiral thermal change rigidity active control mechanism of SMA driving |
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| CN107140239B true CN107140239B (en) | 2019-04-12 |
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| CN109494478B (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2021-03-26 | 中国航空工业集团公司济南特种结构研究所 | SMA connects suitable for conformal antenna house |
| CN110263385B (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2020-11-10 | 西安交通大学 | Mathematical modeling method of soft bidirectional bending pneumatic actuator in bending state |
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