CN107131020A - Environment thermal energy electricity generation system - Google Patents
Environment thermal energy electricity generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107131020A CN107131020A CN201710535469.9A CN201710535469A CN107131020A CN 107131020 A CN107131020 A CN 107131020A CN 201710535469 A CN201710535469 A CN 201710535469A CN 107131020 A CN107131020 A CN 107131020A
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- Prior art keywords
- heat
- synergy
- environment
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- circulated
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The electricity generation system done work using environment thermal energy, system is made up of the carbon dioxide refrigeration circulation with expanding machine as basic circulation and two Organic Rankine Cycles as synergy circulation.The basic nested synergy circulation NO.1 evaporators of cycle condenser, heat energy is provided for it；The basic nested synergy circulation NO.2 condensers of circulating evaporator, cold energy is provided for it.The efficiency of environment thermal energy electricity generation system is more than 1, and cost is the available energy loss of environment temperature drop, i.e. environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the comprehensive generating system that a kind of direct utilization environment thermal energy is the energy.
Background technology
At present, directly there are photovoltaic PV (photovoltaic) and photo-thermal CSP (Concentrated Solar using solar energy
Power) two kinds of technologies.Solar spectrum is converted to electric power by the former using photoelectric effect, and sunlight is focused on and produced by the latter by heat engine
Raw high temperature heat is converted to the generating of mechanical movement drawing generator.Both technologies by light application time, energy density and turn
Efficiency limitation is changed, there is technology, economy and resource bottleneck.
The energy that the sun bestows the earth is most of by ocean and air reception, and reserves are huge.Earth surface has 1,000,000,000 to stand
Square km seawater, 0.25 DEG C of energy discharged of reduction can change into P peta degree electric energy, meet Human Centenary energy demand.
Once there are many trials for attempting to environment energy in history.The case of first shaping is that John Jia Muji in 1881 is U.S. sea
The zero engine (Zero Engine) without using any fuel of army's manufacture, this device utilizes seawater heat by liquid ammonia vaporization,
Liquefied ammonia produces the operating of 0.4 MPa pushing turbine when gasifying for 0 DEG C.Jia Muji thinks that liquefied ammonia absorbs heat from seawater and evaporated, high
Pressure gaseous working medium expands against steam turbine acting meeting voluntarily cooling liquid, and device just can be circulated down ad infinitum.
Experimental result is that ammonia can not liquefy again in the case of no low-temperature heat source, so-called three step of zero engine
Method circulation (without condenser) can not continue.The failure of zero engine is considered as to have run counter to second thermodynamic (al) Kelvin's table
State：" heat can not possibly be taken to be allowed to be completely converted into useful work(without producing other influences from single source ".Attempt to manufacture a kind of
The machine that heat is done work is taken from seawater, this way runs counter to second law without prejudice to the conservation of energy.
The second law of thermodynamics comes across 19th century mid-term, the heat engine theory that foundation was proposed Frenchman Kano in 1824
On, including two important statements and a theorem：Klesius is stated：Heat spontaneous can not go to Re Chu from Leng Chu, without drawing
Play other changes.Kelvin's statement：Heat can not possibly be taken to be allowed to be completely converted into useful work without producing other shadows from single source
Ring.Entropy increases theorem：Carried out with the time, always the entropy in an isolated system will not be reduced.
According to the second thermodynamics, heat is taken to need to put into work(from single source, the thermal transition of taking-up can not possibly be more than for work(throws
The work((hot directionality) entered.However, taking heat to produce consequence.From low-temperature heat source take heat can so that low-temperature heat source becomes colder,
Surrounding environment can be spontaneous to the heat transfer of cold place and output work.Take thermal process is actual to generate cold and hot two parts of roughly equal energy,
Heat can do work, and cold-working is that low-temperature heat source can equally do work.
The content of the invention
Environment thermal energy electricity generation system, including a carbon dioxide refrigeration circulation with expanding machine are used as basic circulation and two
Individual Organic Rankine Cycle is circulated as synergy.Substantially the nested synergy of gas cooler circulated circulates NO.1 evaporator, is it
Heat energy is provided；Substantially the nested synergy of evaporator circulated circulates N0.2 condenser, and cold energy is provided for it.See accompanying drawing 1.
Carbon dioxide refrigeration circulation with expanding machine is a mature technology, not only recyclable 25% or so work done during compression,
Refrigerating efficiency can also be improved in proportion.This technology is applied to energy-conservation, and specific practice is coaxially to connect expanding machine with compressor
Connect, expanding machine provides power directly to compressor, or the coaxially connected motor of expanding machine generates electricity.
The second law of thermodynamics emphasizes the quality concept of energy.The energy of same number (enthalpy), due to quality (temperature, pressure
Power) it is different, its acting ability (fire is used) is different.Such as saturation evaporating pressure of 31.1 DEG C of carbon dioxide critical temperature
For 7.38 MPas, and reach the saturation evaporating temperature of same press water for 290 DEG C.
The critical-temperature of carbon dioxide is low, and Trans-critical cycle (radiating part is that supercriticality, endothermic section are subcritical state) is followed
The exothermic process of ring is not in two-phase section in supercritical region, and its heat release is alternating temperature process, there is larger temperature glide, is a kind of special
Different Lorenz circulation.Saturation conditions is not present under supercriticality, is separate variable between pressure and temperature, it is common to determine
Determine the enthalpy of supercritical fluid.There are higher exothermal efficiency and temperature during for recuperation of heat, (exothermic process is without phase for gas cooler
Becoming and occur) average exothermic temperature may be up to 90 DEG C so that higher.
Carbon dioxide critical pressure is high, and restriction loss is big, and restriction loss can be reduced by substituting expansion valve with expanding machine.Expansion
Machine is that externally output mechanical work makes Temperature of Working reduce principle to obtain the machinery of cold when being depressured using gases at high pressure.Expanding machine
Adiabatic process is expanded to, due to that can not obtain energy from the external world, the work(of output can only be reduced to cost with the enthalpy of working medium.Working medium
Because energy is reduced and increased heat absorption capacity is referred to as expander refrigeration amount, it is big that expander refrigeration amount refers to that expansion process externally does work
It is small.Compressed air is throttled to 0.1 MPa of 1 DEG C of temperature drop from 0.6 MPa by expansion valve, and discusses temperature drop up to 80 by mechanism of intumescence
℃-90℃.The molecular weight of carbon dioxide, density, specific heat capacity are all higher than air, can be bigger with specific pressure drop temperature drop.
Carbon dioxide refrigeration circulating evaporator exports 15 DEG C, and the reasonable temperature force combination of gas cooler outlet is 35
DEG C, 9 MPas (303 DEG C of corresponding pressure of water saturation steam), pressure determines that expanding machine has higher effect before so high machine
Rate refrigerating capacity larger in other words.Expanding machine, which converts the pressure to work(, causes working medium enthalpy drop, and the release of working medium interior energy is by pressure potential
It can reduce and biphase gas and liquid flow is formed and volume increases what is realized.
If after shooting flow volume expansion enter subnormal ambient (preposition compressor is formed), can temperature drop to -78.5 DEG C with
Under -- 100 DEG C are sublimated as dry ice.Uncompressed dry ice is micro- flakes, and (human body skin Mohs' hardness is Mohs' hardness 2
1.5), density 1500kg/M3, volume is the 1/600 of gas.Dry ice feeding is changed with full stream compressor or special working medium pump
Hot device absorbs heat from environment once again to distil, then, the three-step approach circulation without condenser is set up.See accompanying drawing 2.
The work of carbon dioxide extinguisher (dry-ice fire extinguisher) can illustrate the solid phase-change mechanism of carbon dioxide gas.Work as high pressure steel
Liquid carbon dioxide in bottle is discharged into normal pressure by nozzle, and liquid evaporation vaporized expanding strong endothermic can cause gas itself quilt
Freeze and sublimate as dry ice, this is relevant with the physical property of carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide critical temperature is low 31.1 DEG C, critical pressure is high 7.38 MPas, -56.6 DEG C of three phase point, boiling point -78.5
℃.Pressure drop is sublimated to normal pressure without liquefaction.It is carbon dioxide expanded than small, expansion work is big, and evaporating pressure is 10 times of conventional working medium.
Carbon dioxide expanded machine expansion process is different from common gases at high pressure.Gases at high pressure are mainly by volumetric expansion output work.Dioxy
Change carbon expansion process and mainly lean on potential energy and gas-liquid phase transition output work, Volume Changes are little.Phase transformation is depressured according to C02 expanding machines
The visual research (high-speed motion picture camera shooting) of journey, C02 decompression phase transition process is supercritical fluid → high-pressure liquid → gas-liquid two
Phase → solid-state.Overcritical is the potential energy accumulation stage to high-pressure liquid, and gas-liquid two-phase is that liquid bubble is generated and growth phase,
It is the primary energy source externally done work.As pressure drop increases, bubble, which is tapered into, crumbles and fall until generation solid particle i.e. dry ice.
Environment thermal energy electricity generation system seems water-energy generating electricity, and the release potential energy of letting out under water in eminence promotes hydraulic turbine operating,
What water came back to that eminence recovers that potential energy leans on is atmospheric circulation.Environment thermal energy electricity generation system carbon dioxide working medium discharges interior energy
Expanding machine acting is promoted, what interior energy covering (temperature and pressure rise) was leaned on is from environment heat absorption.
Environment thermal energy electricity generation system has recycled heat pump principle substantially.When heat pump works, electric energy is not to play directly
Heat effect, but play the reverse transportation of heat.The heat of heat pump manufacture is the heat and consumption energy carried from environment
The sum of amount.Heat pump is not energy conversion, is not limited by the energy conversion efficiency limit.The COP values of the higher heat pump of environment temperature are bigger；
The temperature difference (thermal source and heat sink) is bigger, and COP values are smaller.1 times is improved using cold and hot Energy Efficiency Ratio simultaneously, claims two-way efficiency (COP
Thermal Couple).Such as carbon dioxide heat-pump Eco-cute-unimo produces 65 DEG C/90 DEG C hot water simultaneously, and -9 DEG C/32 DEG C cold
Water, unidirectional COP4, two-way 8.If carbon dioxide heat-pump substitutes expansion valve with expanding machine and utilizes the negative of preposition compressor formation
Pressure, so that it may which prestige realizes that 90 DEG C heat, -90 DEG C of refrigeration, while output work.
It is because the heat energy and cold energy that heat pump is manufactured all are low level energy that heat pump output, which is less than input,.Environment thermal energy, which generates electricity, is
The basic circulation of system is used as energy lever using carbon dioxide and expanding machine.Gas cooler exports the pressure 9,000,000 of carbon dioxide working medium
Handkerchief, equivalent to high-pressure boiler outlet pressure.Expanding machine substitutes expansion valve and has not only reclaimed work done during compression, accordingly improves refrigeration energy
Power, the most basic is the temperature difference and pressure difference that expander refrigeration amount is exaggerated evaporation and cooling two ends, is nested synergy circulation
High-grade heat energy and cold energy are supplied, the heat fire for improving synergy circulation is used and cold fire use.
Environment thermal energy electricity generation system is not perpetua mobilia, and its output work is using environment temperature drop as cost.International standard operating mode, environment
The overall efficiency (basic circulation+synergy circulation) of heat energy power-generating system is about 120%, higher than photovoltaic PV, less than photo-thermal CSP.By
In not limited by space-time and energy density, the hot CSP of the remote ultraphotic of actual efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1, environment thermal energy electricity generation system circulation schematic diagram
Fig. 2, carbon dioxide gas solid phase becomes power cycle schematic diagram
Embodiment
The basic circulation of environment thermal energy electricity generation system is the carbon dioxide refrigeration circulation with expanding machine, the condensation circulated substantially
Device nesting synergy circulates (Organic Rankine Cycle) NO.1 evaporator, and heat energy, synergy circulation are provided for it as high temperature heat source
NO.1 low-temperature heat source is environment temperature；Substantially the nested synergy of evaporator circulated circulates (Organic Rankine Cycle) NO.2 condensation
Device, provides cold energy, synergy circulation NO.2 high temperature heat source is environment temperature as low-temperature heat source for it.Basic circulation and synergy are followed
Ring runs output work simultaneously.
Claims (6)
1. using the electricity generation system of environment thermal energy, system does not take heat, while also using produced by taking heat merely with from single source
Cold acting.
2. according to claim 1, environment thermal energy electricity generation system includes a carbon dioxide refrigeration circulation work with expanding machine
Organic Rankine Cycle for basic circulation and nested (or in parallel) is circulated as synergy.
3. according to claim 2, nested mode：The nested synergy circulation of condenser that environment thermal energy electricity generation system is circulated substantially
NO.1 evaporators, heat energy is provided as high temperature heat source for it, and its low-temperature heat source is environment, the nested synergy of the evaporator circulated substantially
NO.2 condensers are circulated, cold energy is provided for it as low-temperature heat source, its high temperature heat source is environment.Parallel way：Environment thermal energy is sent out
Electric system circulates synergy circulation in parallel substantially, and method is that the evaporator that the gas cooler circulated substantially is circulated with synergy is changed
Heat, the evaporator circulated substantially exchanges heat with the condenser that synergy is circulated.
4. according to claim 3, synergy cycle fluid is the low boiling working fluid including carbon dioxide.
5. according to claim 4, the expanded machine expansion of the Co 2 supercritical fluid of basic Recurrence Process release end of heat is done
Enthalpy drop after work(, under the subnormal ambient of preposition compressor formation, sublimates under temperature drop to carbon dioxide boiling point.Dry ice is through full stream pressure
Contracting machine is sent into heat exchanger and distilled from environment heat absorption, and expanding machine acting is promoted once again, realizes that carbon dioxide gas solid phase becomes power cycle.
6. the expansion machinery that according to claim 5, environment thermal energy electricity generation system is circulated substantially include expanding machine, injector with
And pressure-adjustable nozzle.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710535469.9A CN107131020A (en) | 2017-07-04 | 2017-07-04 | Environment thermal energy electricity generation system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710535469.9A CN107131020A (en) | 2017-07-04 | 2017-07-04 | Environment thermal energy electricity generation system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN107131020A true CN107131020A (en) | 2017-09-05 |
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| CN201710535469.9A Pending CN107131020A (en) | 2017-07-04 | 2017-07-04 | Environment thermal energy electricity generation system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110398079A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-11-01 | 郑成勋 | A kind of different working medium and with Working medium gas compressed action device |
-
2017
- 2017-07-04 CN CN201710535469.9A patent/CN107131020A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110398079A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-11-01 | 郑成勋 | A kind of different working medium and with Working medium gas compressed action device |
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Application publication date: 20170905 |